Beautiful
This type of pain can cause food poisoning, so it is classified as an inedible poisonous mushroom. The first symptoms of poisoning are considered: abdominal pain, nausea, diarrhea, vomiting, chills. Symptoms usually resolve without medical attendant intervention in 24 to 36 hours. Fatal cases of poisoning with painful pain have not yet been recorded.
This type of boletus has a rather large diameter of the cap (there are specimens with a cap diameter of up to 30 cm). It is painted dark red, less often brown. Unlike all the types of pains described above, this mushroom has a rough surface of the cap. The characteristics of the pulp of this boletus completely coincide with those described above.
We also advise you to find out how to distinguish little wolves, chanterelles, and honey agarics from inedible mushrooms
The leg length is standard, but its diameter has a fairly solid indicator (up to 12 cm). The structure of the stem resembles a convex cylinder, which tapers at the base, colored bright brown. The length of the tubes reaches 1.7 cm, the color resembles a mixture of lemon and lime. When pressed, the pores acquire a blue tint, in their natural form they have a bright brown color. Spore characteristics are no different from other representatives of this genus.
Most often, the beautiful boletus forms mycorrhiza with fir or stone fruit. Most common in the northwestern United States. Also found in New Mexico. You can find this pain in mixed forests in late summer - early autumn.
Poisonous boletus - varieties
Among the 300 known species of boletus, there are inedible, as well as hazardous to health representatives, similar to edible boletus:
boletus purple (Boletus purpureus
)
a poisonous mushroom with a characteristic convex cap with uneven edges, covered with black spots. The pulp on the cut turns blue, and after a while it turns red. The fungus grows on the calcareous soil of deciduous forests;
boletus Le Gal (Boletus legaliae
)
a poisonous, toxic mushroom, characterized by a smooth pinkish-orange head. There is a pronounced red mesh on the upper half of the leg. The pulp is white or light yellow, turns blue on the cut. Grows in deciduous forests of Europe;
boletus boletus
(beautiful)
(Boletus calopus
)
an inedible mushroom, with a wrinkled, dry, matte cap. The pointed leg is lemon yellow at the top, red in the middle, turning into brown. The pulp has a bitter taste and turns blue on the cut. It is found everywhere in the mixed forests of the European part of Russia;
beautiful boletus (Boletus pulcherrimus
)
poisonous mushroom. The hat is hemispherical and has a reddish or olive brown color. The pulp is yellow, turns blue on the cut. The leg is reddish brown, has a dark red mesh below;
satanic mushroom (Boletus satanas
)
poisonous mushroom. The hat is hemispherical, the flesh is yellowish or white, it turns red or blue on the cut. The leg is barrel-shaped, tapering downward. The color of the leg is red-yellowish above, bright red or orange in the middle, brownish-yellow below. The satanic mushroom grows in deciduous forests.
Boletus subordinate (lat. Boletus appendiculatus
) - tubular, edible mushroom of the genus Borovik (Boletus
) families of boleths (Boletaceae
). A rare mushroom that grows from June to September, in deciduous and mixed forests.
Hat
The diameter of the cap of the Borovik subordinate is from 70 to 200 mm. At a young age, the cap of the mushroom has a semicircular shape. With age, the fungus becomes convex. The surface is velvety, matte, becomes naked with age, slightly longitudinally fibrous. The skin is practically not removed. Borovik's cap is yellow-brown, red-brown and brown-brown in color.
The tubules are dense, up to 40 mm in length. The pores are small and rounded. The color of the tubes in young mushrooms is golden yellow; with age, the mushroom becomes golden brown. When pressed, they acquire a bluish-greenish tint.
Spore powder, spores
Spores are smooth, ellipsoid-fusiform. The size of the spores is 10-15 x 4-6 microns. They are honey-yellow in color. Spore powder, olive brown.
Leg
Leg height from 60 to 120 mm, diameter from 20 to 30 mm, cylindrical or club-shaped. The base of the stem is conically pointed, rooted in the ground. The leg of the boletus is mesh, with the age of the fungus the mesh pattern disappears. The color of the leg is closer to the cap of lemon-yellow color, to the bottom it is red-brown.
Pulp
The pulp is firm, intense yellow. At the base of the peduncle it is brownish or pinkish-brownish. Has a pleasant mushroom taste and aroma. Turns blue on the cut.
When and where it grows
Rare mushroom. Prefers to grow in groups of 3 to 7 pcs. The boletus is found mainly in deciduous and mixed forests from June to September. Likes to grow in regions with warm temperate climates. Forms mycorrhiza with oak, hornbeam and beech. Also noted in the mountains among the fir trees. Attachment to calcareous soil is noted in the literature.
Eating
Delicious edible mushroom. Suitable for all types of processing.
Scientific classification
International scientific name
Boletus appendiculatus
Schaeff. , 1763
-
Boletus radicans
var.
appendiculatus
(Schaeff.) Pers. , 1801 -
Tubiporus appendiculatus
(Schaeff.) Ricken, 1918
Rooted
This type of boletus has many different names: deep-rooted, bitter spongy, whitish, stocky. The cap of this boletus is hemispherical (in young species), 5-18 cm in diameter (occasionally reaches 25-28 cm and more). The skin is matte, the color of calcareous soil, sometimes it takes on a shade of unripe lime. When squeezed, the cap takes on a coarse blue tint.
The tubes are bright yellow in color. The pores are circular, small, and turn blue with rough contact. The size of the spores is the same as that of the boletus boletus. The spore powder has a golden color. The leg of young eukaryotes resembles a cylinder 5-10 cm high and 3-6 cm long in the section, swollen from the inside. With age, the leg acquires the shape of an ideal cylinder. The color of the leg is bright beige, light turquoise spots are visible at the base. The top of the leg has an uneven mesh, which, with rough contact, takes on a shade of heavenly color. The pulp is very similar in structure to mushroom pulp, but the taste is poor (strong bitterness prevails).
Important! Some pains can affect the function of the liver and destroy its cells, so at the first symptoms of poisoning, you should immediately contact a medical institution for help. This mushroom is rare in European and North American forests.
Prefers to grow at the bases of oak or birch groves. It can be found in summer and autumn, although it very often forms mycorrhiza. Boletus rooted according to the description is very similar to satanic pain, however, the latter has an unpleasant odor from under the cap. In some reference books, you can see data that this mushroom is edible. It really does not have in itself poisonous substances that are fatal to the human body, but the taste of rooting boletus is bitter, so no one uses it in cooking
This mushroom is rare in European and North American forests. Prefers to grow at the bases of oak or birch groves. It can be found in summer and autumn, although it often forms mycorrhiza. Boletus rooted according to the description is very similar to satanic pain, however, the latter has an unpleasant odor from under the cap. In some reference books, you can see data that this mushroom is edible. It really does not have in itself toxic substances that are fatal to the human body, but the rooted boletus has a bitter taste, so no one uses it in cooking.
Learn about pickling and harvesting mushrooms for the winter
Boletus two-color
Boletus two-color
- lat.Boletus bicolor
In a different way, the fungus is called Bolet two-color, Bolet two-color or Borovik two-color.
External features
Mushroom cap
The diameter of the caps of this subspecies ranges from 3 to 15 cm. At a young age, they are distinguished by a convex shape; in mature form, they become open, with bent edges. They are covered with a matte smooth skin with a characteristic suede surface.
In a pronounced color, saturated red-pink tones prevail.
The hat is filled with yellow dense pulp, which turns slightly blue after being cut.
The bottom is decorated with a layer of 3-7 mm long tubes of yellow color with small rounded pores, well hidden under the hats.
Stipe
Boletus two-color builds up a leg 1-3 cm thick and 4-8 cm high. In adolescence, it has the shape of a club, in adulthood it looks like a cylinder.
The leg is completely colored red-pink, except for the yellowish top.
Growing places
Boletus bicolor prefers deciduous and coniferous forests, often found on the North American continent during the summer months.
Fruiting lasts from the second half of June to the first days of October.
-
Boletus inedible
... This double is distinguished by a hat with a less saturated color. -
Boletus pink-purple
... Boletus pink-purple differs from Boletus bicolor in flesh, which quickly darkens after damage and after a while acquires a wine tint. In addition, its pulp has an unsaturated fruity aroma with sour notes and a sweetish aftertaste.
Edible
Pine mushroom
... Distinctive features of pine boletus from Bolet two-color are that it has a brown, stocky plump leg and a bumpy cap, painted in a red-brown or red-brown tone. It only grows under pine trees.
Edibility
Two-color boletus is completely harmless to health and is suitable for eating in any form: stewed, boiled, fried, pickled. It can be dried for the winter and frozen to pamper yourself in cold weather with mushroom soups, pies and other dishes with this appetizing and tasty mushroom.
White mushroom, or boletus, (Boletus edulis) is a representative of the Borovik family. Eighteen forms are known, differing in the characteristics of mycorrhiza, the season of fruiting and how the fruiting body looks like.
White mushroom, or boletus, - a representative of the Borovik family
A mature fungus has a convex, flat-convex, sometimes spreading cap with a smooth or wrinkled, rarely cracking, bare or finely felt surface. The skin is adherent, can vary in color from red-brown to almost white.
The stem is massive, barrel-shaped or clavate, with a whitish, brownish, rarely reddish surface covered with a light mesh pattern. The shape of the leg can change with age. Tubular layer under the cap, easily separated from the pulp, light in color with yellow or olive-green tint. Spores are olive-brown, fusiform.
Wolf
The shape of the wolf pain cap has a standard structure, which belongs to almost all representatives of the Borovik genus. The diameter of the cap can vary from 5 to 20 cm, depending on the age of the mushroom. The color of the cap is different, it often depends on the age of the representative and on the minerals contained in the soil (light red, purple-pink, light pink (young pains), burgundy). Biological characteristics indicate that young representatives of the Wolf species have a lighter skin color (often dull coffee, light gray). With age, the mushroom acquires strict dark shades of brown or carmine red, the skin becomes completely naked (without a felt coating).
The leg of a wolf pain is of a standard shape (a convex cylinder becomes almost ideal with age). The length of the leg, unlike other representatives of the genus, is small, reaching only 6-8 cm, diameter - 3-6 cm. The color is yellow grapes with a faint light red spot. Tubular and spore characteristics are standard, but there is a difference in size (the tubes are small, but increase with age). Like other pains of this kind, this mushroom, when pressed on it, takes on the color of ripe blue grapes. The pulp of the mushroom does not have a pronounced distinctive smell or taste. The most common wolf pain occurs in deciduous forests in Israel (from November to the end of December). It grows in groups, in the specified country it is found quite often. Refers to moderately edible mushrooms. They are eaten after thorough heat treatment (cook for at least 15 minutes at a temperature of 100 ° C, the broth is not consumed, since decomposed toxic substances remain in it).
Important! There are about 300 species of boletus, so before you go to the forest for them, you need to carefully study the literature data so as not to collect inedible representatives of the genus.
Useful properties of boletus
Forest boletus is a natural and widely available storehouse of essential vitamins and many beneficial properties. The composition of the mushroom pulp is presented:
- thiamine;
- riboflavin;
- pantothenic acid;
- pyridoxine;
- folates;
- ascorbic acid;
- alpha tocopherol;
- vitamin PP;
- niacin;
- potassium;
- calcium;
- magnesium;
- sodium;
- gray;
- phosphorus;
- chlorine;
- iron;
- cobalt;
- manganese;
- rubidium;
- fluorine;
- chrome;
- zinc.
Useful properties are also due to the presence in the composition of a sufficiently large amount of digestible carbohydrates, essential and nonessential amino acids, which are involved in metabolic processes, oxidative and reduction reactions occurring in the human body. Vitamins "A", "B1", "C" and "D" promote the growth of nails and hair, and minerals are necessary for bones and joints, to prevent osteoporosis and anemia, to maintain normal functioning of the heart muscle.
Beautiful-legged
This type of boletus has poisonous compounds in its pulp, so experienced mushroom pickers know that it is forbidden to eat it. It tastes bitter and causes intestinal upset, as a result of which there are acute pains in the intestines and liver, appetite disappears and chills appear.
The cap of the beautiful-legged mushroom has the color of unrefined sunflower oil with a slight hint of ripe cherry. The matte structure of the cap can be covered with slight wrinkling, which resembles a semicircle with wavy edges. With age, the cap takes the shape of an unevenly cut ball, which has waviness at the edges of the cut. Its diameter reaches 15 cm (in rare cases, it can be even more). A distinctive feature of the beautiful leg pain is that worms and slugs do not eat it, since they will immediately die from its toxic substances.
Did you know? In the early 60s of the twentieth century, mushroom pickers found a pain that weighed over 10 kg.
Boletus tubules have a lemon-yellow hue, which becomes dark olive with age. The length of the tube can reach 15 mm, when cut or pressed, it sharply turns blue. The pores of beautiful leg pains are small, rounded, of a pale pink hue; with age, the pores become light yellow, and then turn green. When pressed, the pores turn blue. The spores of the fungus are ellipsoidal, smooth and small (average size - 14x5 microns).
The leg of a beautiful-legged boletus is barrel-shaped, smoothly changes color from the beginning of the cap to the base of the mushroom. The color starts with lemon yellow, then turns into carmine red, and ends with brown. Older boletus may lose the dark red color of the leg. The flesh of the mushroom is dense and firm, creamy in color.It tastes sweet at first, but then a pungent bitter taste develops. Beautiful leg pain is common in mountain coniferous forests, occasionally in deciduous ones. Most often found in forests from late July to mid-October.
It is worth noting that boletus and mushroom mushroom also have a similar appearance.
Poisonous, inedible and false boletus species
Inedible, but non-toxic species, are not capable of causing severe poisoning, but they have an unpleasant taste. Poisonous species are characterized by the presence of toxic substances that can provoke severe damage to internal organs and tissues.
Variety le Gal
Vol.légaliae is a poisonous species with a hemispherical, smooth, pinkish-orange cap, whitish or yellowish flesh that turns blue on the cut. The area of the leg is swollen, with a surface covered with a reddish mesh. Tubules with an adherent tooth and red pores.
Spores are olive brown, fusiform.
Boletus purple
Vol.purpureus - a low-toxic, but inedible variety has a hemispherical, then convex cap with uneven edges, covered with a velvety, reddish-brown skin with rare blackish specks. The pulp is of a fleshy type, with a very high density, immediately blue, and then bright red when cut. The area of the leg is rather thick, clavate, covered with a dense reddish mesh pattern. The tubules are loose, golden yellow or olive. Spores with an olive tint.
Pink-skinned boletus
Vol.rhodohanthus is a rare and poorly studied inedible variety,
with a hemispherical, cushion-shaped, prostrate and slightly depressed in the central part of the cap, covered with a smooth or slightly velvety, sometimes slightly sticky, brownish-gray or dirty brownish-yellow skin with a characteristic reddish tint. The soft part with sufficient density, lemon-yellow in color, slightly blue in the cut, with a weak mushroom aroma and bitter taste. The stem is tuberous, often pointed at the very base, yellow in color, covered with a thin, bright red, rather convex mesh or looped pattern. The tubules are light yellow or bright beige-yellow. Olive spores.
Bolet the Beautiful
Vol.pulcherrimus is a poisonous species with a hemispherical, woolly cap of a reddish or olive-brown color. The soft part is quite dense, yellow in color, clearly bluish in the cut.
The area of the leg, swollen, is reddish-brown in color, with a dark reddish mesh. Tubules with an attached tooth, yellow-green, blood-red. The spores are brown, fusiform.
Rooting hurts
Vol.radisans - due to its bitter taste, the mushroom belongs to the category of inedible.
It has a hemispherical or convex cap with a protruding leathery-type edging. The skin is whitish, off-gray or brownish-gray, woolly or cracked. The soft part is lemon-yellow in color, turning blue on the cut, with a slight mushroom aroma and an unpleasant bitter taste. The stem is swollen, cylindrical, with a tuberous base, dull yellow or lemon yellow, with a thin, uniformly colored mesh pattern.
Description boletus purple
The diameter of the cap ranges from 5 to 20 centimeters. The shape of the cap is spherical, slightly convex, while the edges are wavy. The skin covering the cap is dry and velvety, and in wet weather it becomes lumpy and slightly slimy.
The color of the mushroom is uneven: the background is gray-olive or grayish, wine, red-brown, reddish or pink zones are blurred on it. And when you press on the mushroom, dark blue spots appear on it.
The height of the purple boletus leg ranges from 6 to 15 centimeters, and the diameter is 2-7 centimeters. At first, the shape of the leg is tuberous, after which it becomes slightly cylindrical with a clavate thickening. The color of the leg is lemon yellow, while there is a dense red mesh.If you press on the leg, the mesh will turn black and blue.
The flesh of young specimens is very dense, fleshy, immediately turns blue on the cut, and after a few hours it becomes dark red. A tubular layer of lemon-yellow color, after which a green-yellow color appears. The pores of the boletus are small purple, orange-red or blood-red. If you press on the pores, they turn dark blue. The color of the spore powder is olive brown or olive.
Areas of growth of purple boletus
These mushrooms grow in deciduous forests, mostly with beeches. They choose lighted places and calcareous soils. Purple boletus grows in Russia and Ukraine. These are thermophilic mushrooms, so they are most often found in the south - in the Crimea. There they grow in mountainous and hilly areas.
Edible boletus purple
These mushrooms are inedible or poisonous. In their raw form, purple boletus is inedible, and when consumed in large quantities, they are even poisonous, and poisoning can be fatal. The taste of these mushrooms is sweetish, and the smell is bright sourish-fruity. Since these representatives of the boletes have poisonous qualities, they are not grown or cultivated.
Other mushrooms of this genus
Boletus is bronze, or a bronze or white mushroom of a dark bronze shape is sick, has a cap with a diameter of 7-17 centimeters, and in huge specimens it can reach up to 40 centimeters, while the thickness is 2-4 centimeters. At first, the shape of the cap is almost spherical, but over time it becomes prostrate.
Initially, the cap is smooth, and later becomes dimpled. The color of the caps of young mushrooms is dark chestnut or almost black with whitish areas, and with age there is a tendency to lighten, and the color becomes chestnut or copper-brown. The leg is 9-12 centimeters long and 2-4 centimeters in diameter.
At first, the stem is tuberous, and in mature mushrooms it becomes cylindrical. The stem is firm, slightly wrinkled, pale pink or olive beige, and mature mushrooms develop various shades of wine-pink.
Bronze boletus is a rare mushroom. These mushrooms grow in humus moist soils, they are found in mixed forests. They mainly grow in the south of Russia. Fruiting in summer and early autumn, 2-3 fruiting bodies. They form mycorrhiza with chestnuts, oaks, hornbeams and lindens, sometimes they can be found under the pines.
Bronze boletus is a good edible mushroom. They are intensively collected not only in Russia, but also in Europe. Gourmets appreciate the taste of these mushrooms.
Deeply rooted boletus, or whitish, or stocky, or bitter spongy, has a cap with a diameter of 6-20 centimeters, sometimes it can reach gigantic sizes and reach up to 30 centimeters. The shape of the cap is hemispherical with folded edges, then convex with straightened wavy edges. The skin is smooth, dry, whitish, gray, greenish or light fawn. If you press on the hat, it turns blue.
The height of the leg is about 8 centimeters, and in large specimens it can reach up to 12 centimeters, its diameter is 3-5 centimeters. The shape of the leg is swollen, tuberous, becomes cylindrical at maturity. The color of the leg is yellow-lemon, and the base is often covered with bluish-green or brown-olive spots.
Deep-rooted boletus are widespread in Europe, North Africa and North America. These are thermophilic mushrooms that prefer deciduous forests, although they can also be found in mixed ones. They form mycorrhiza with birch and oak. Fruiting from summer to autumn. Deeply rooted pains are considered inedible due to their bitter taste.
Edible boletus species
A large number of edible, highly nutritious varieties of boletus grow on the territory of our country.
Bronze boletus
Vol.airеus is an edible variety with a bright brown, brownish or almost black, spherical or almost flat cap. Bronze or copper pain grows mainly in deciduous forest areas.
Has a dense stem in the shape of a cylinder or barrel with a reddish tint. The soft part is white and does not change color on the cut.
Yellowbrick or sick half-white
Vol.imrolitus - has a convex or flatter cap with a non-removable smooth or slightly wrinkled, matte, sometimes slimy, light brown or clayey skin. The pulp is dense, white or light yellow in color, with a pleasant, slightly sweetish taste. The area of the leg is rough, thickened at the bottom, without a pattern.
Maiden boletus
Vol.aprendisulatus is an edible variety with a brownish-golden or reddish, most often flat, relatively large cap. The lower part of the leg with a mesh pattern has a strong sharpening. The soft part of a light yellow color with a very characteristic bluish tint, noticeably bluish in the cut. The variety grows, as a rule, in the territory of mixed European forest zones.
Mesh boletus
Vol.reticulatus is an edible variety with a rather large and velvety brown, brown or yellowish cap. Thick and fleshy, with a smooth surface, the area of the leg is covered with relatively thin veins. Fruit bodies are formed in deciduous and mixed forest zones... Differs in the formation of mycorrhiza with beech, oak, chestnut or hornbeam.
Spruce white
Vol.edulis f is the most common variety, with an elongated stem, often with a persistent expansion in the lower part. The hat is brown in color, with a reddish or chestnut tint, often unevenly colored, with a smooth and dry surface. Most often grows in spruce and fir forest zones,
massively forming fruiting bodies from June to October.
Oak white
Vol.edulis f.Vassilk. - differs by a brownish cap with a grayish tint, and sometimes with light specks. The soft part is relatively loose, but with a pleasant, barely perceptible mushroom aroma and a delicate, delicate taste. It is found mainly in oak forests,
where it most often bears fruit from June to October.
