Goldenrod (40 photos): description of solidago. Hybrid and golden rod, giant and other species, unlike ragweed, planting and care

Healing properties

Despite its toxicity, goldenrod has beneficial properties, the mention of which dates back to the 16-17th century. In those days, it was used mainly to heal the stomach, with diarrhea, dropsy, and kidney edema. Later, at the beginning of the 20th century, scientists discovered alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins and terpenoids in the plant. Despite this, goldenrod did not find its popularity in the scientific community, and began to be used mainly in traditional medicine, where its medicinal properties were appreciated, the list of which is given below:

The plant has excellent healing properties, which makes it possible to use it in the treatment of skin diseases, inflammation and even purulent wounds;
Due to its composition, the plant is excellent for the treatment of the kidneys and urinary tract, including from uncontrolled urination, which is primarily important for the elderly;
Goldenrod is suitable for people with impaired metabolism, bringing them back to normal, which is important for emaciated, as well as overweight individuals;
The plant has an antibacterial effect, which makes it possible to successfully use it for diseases and abscesses of the gums, their bleeding, as well as various bacterial lesions of the oral mucosa. Moreover, goldenrod can be used as an aid for scurvy;
The herb is used for pain in the stomach, as well as for diarrhea, but here you should be careful about the tinctures taken orally, so as not to get intoxication;
Antimicrobial properties have also found their way into the treatment of acne and furunculosis, which is also relevant for both teens and people with oily skin. However, if your acne is hormonal, goldenrod is ineffective;
Correct use of goldenrod helps to get rid of seasonal allergies, with the exception of ragweed and daisy allergies;
Goldenrod contains saponins, these are special elements that have an antifungal effect, which is especially pronounced in vaginal and oral thrush.

This is only a small part of the useful properties of the plant, a complete and detailed list of which can fit, perhaps, only in a small book!

Collection and procurement

When collecting, one should take into account the fact that the roots of this plant do not carry any value, and are not used in the main and most popular medicinal recipes. As for the aboveground part of this plant, inflorescences are mainly used here, while harvesting begins exclusively during the early flowering period, best of all in the middle of summer, when the flowers are saturated with useful substances to the maximum. In addition, preference should be given to not fully blossoming inflorescences, since "mature" flowers, even when cut, can turn into seeds. The stem itself is also suitable for making tinctures and powders, however, due to its rigid structure, it requires separate processing, followed by grinding into flour!

Types and varieties of goldenrod with photos and names

Below, those species and varieties of goldenrod that are most popular with gardeners will be described in detail.

Goldenrod Shorti (Solidago shortii)

It is a perennial branchy plant native to North America. The height of the bush is about 1.6 m, it is decorated with smooth oblong-lanceolate leaf plates serrated along the edge. The length of the panicle pyramidal inflorescences is about 0.45 m, they include baskets of a golden yellow hue. The most popular is such a variety of this species as Variegata: on the surface of green leaf plates there are stains and spots of yellow color.

Goldenrod rugosa (Solidago rugosa)

The homeland of this species is also North America. In nature, it prefers to grow in swamps, bogs, wet meadows and roadsides. In America, such a perennial plant is called the coarse-stemmed goldenrod. Its rough brownish-red shoots are about 200 cm tall, smooth and straight. The bush also has a creeping rhizome. The shape of the leaf plates is oblong or oval, their width is about 20 mm, and their length is up to 90 mm, the edge is serrated. This species has no basal leaf plates. One-sided brushes consist of small yellow baskets. And these brushes are part of the drooping panicle, the length of which is about 0.6 m.

Dahurian goldenrod (Solidago dahurica = Solidago virgaurea var.dahurica)

This species is native to Siberia. It is a meter high bush with powerful simple shoots that branch only in the inflorescence. The upper part of the stems is covered with short hairs, while the lower part is naked. The stem leaf plates have short petioles, and the basal ones are long-petiolate. The shape of the serrated leaf plates along the edge can be lanceolate, oblong or ovoid, they sharpen to the apex. There are short hairs on the veins and edges of the plates. A simple racemose or narrow panicle inflorescence consists of a large number of small yellow baskets.

Canadian goldenrod (Solidago canadensis = Solidago canadensis var.canadensis)

This species is found naturally in North America. The height of the perennial plant is about 200 cm. The rich green leaf plates have an oblong-lanceolate shape. The length of the pyramidal panicle inflorescence is about 0.4 m, it consists of a large number of small baskets of golden yellow hue. This species has been cultivated since 1648. Among gardeners, the ornamental variety - Patio is popular: the height of a compact bush is about 0.6 m, it does not need a garter, it is decorated with golden baskets collected in bunches.

Common goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea)

In nature, this plant is found in Western Europe, Western Siberia, the Caucasus, in the European part of Russia, and also in the western regions of Eastern Siberia. Simple straight or branched shoots reach 0.6–2 m in length. Alternate whole leaf plates have a lanceolate or linear-lanceolate shape. Complex inflorescences can be racemose, paniculate or spike-shaped; they include a large number of yellow baskets.

Goldenrod highest (Solidago altissima = Solidago canadensis var. Scabra)

Such a North American plant naturally prefers to grow on prairies, wet meadows, deserts, open forests and roadside. In America, this species is called tall goldenrod. On the surface of straight shoots there is pubescence, their height is about 1.8 m. The surface of simple lanceolate leaf plates is streaked with parallel veins, the edge is jagged. The upper foliage is entire. One-sided brushes consist of lemon-yellow baskets. These brushes are collected in one-sided panicle inflorescences, the length of which is about 0.35 m. Such a plant is considered an excellent honey plant.

Goldenrod hybrid (Solidago x hybrida)

This species unites all hybrids created by breeders. For their removal, a species is used - Canadian goldenrod. Popular hybrids:

Goldstral. A meter-high bush is decorated with panicle-shaped inflorescences about 0.2 m long, which include golden-yellow baskets.
Kronenstahl. The height of the plant is about 1.3 m.The inflorescences consist of golden baskets, while their length is about 0.25 m.
Spetgold. On a bush of a meter in height, inflorescences of a lemon-yellow hue grow, having a length of about 0.2 m.
Frugold. The height of the plant is up to 1.2 m, and the length of the yellow inflorescences is about 0.25 m.
Schwefelgeiser. The plant is decorated with panicle yellowish inflorescences. The bush itself reaches a height of 1.4 m.
Goldking.The bushes reach a height of about 1.5 m.The length of rich yellow panicles is up to 0.35 m.

Care Tips for Goldenrod

The golden rod, as the plant is also called, does not take a lot of time and effort from the gardener and is content with simple care and preventive procedures.

Watering

In those years when there is a sufficient amount of natural precipitation, the hybrid goldenrod does not need additional moisture. But if the weather is hot for a long time and it does not rain, the plant is watered abundantly. Too dry soil causes powdery mildew to develop.

Fertilizer

The introduction of fertilizing compositions is recommended only in cases where the soil on the site is poor and depleted. This will provoke a more abundant flowering of goldenrod. Both mineral and organic formulations are suitable. It is also recommended to sprinkle wood ash on the soil occasionally - this is an effective prevention of powdery mildew... Top dressing is applied twice during the active growing season - in spring and autumn.

Garter and transplant

Low-growing plant varieties do not need a garter, and for tall ones it is recommended to build supports.

It is necessary to move goldenrod bushes to a new place no more than once every 6-7 years. Transplanting too often will only harm the plant.

Pruning

In the spring, the shrub does not need a similar procedure. Pruning is carried out only when preparing goldenrod for winter. At the end of autumn, before the first frosts hit, all branches are cut so that only a 10-centimeter stump remains above the ground. But culture does not need shelter for the winter period at all. The hybrid goldenrod is characterized by increased frost resistance and calmly tolerates this time even in the northern regions.

"Giants"

Tall varieties. The effect that they can give is completely beyond the power of their more compact counterparts. Large goldenrods will be in place both in the center of the composition and in the background, and will also perfectly hide you from the eyes of neighbors.

Outwardly, the "giants" are very diverse: in height, flowering time (from early September to October, and sometimes even to November), the shape of the inflorescences and their color.

'Goldtanne'

- bushes up to 200 cm high, with very large (more than 50 cm) orange-yellow inflorescences. Blooms from mid-September.

‘Goldking’

- plants up to 150 cm tall. Paniculate bright yellow inflorescences up to 35 cm long adorn the garden from mid-September to October, for 30–35 days.

In the Middle Ages, goldenrod was used as a medicinal plant for healing wounds. For this he was called solidago, which means "to strengthen", "to make healthy."

Goldenrods prefer illuminated areas, but they also tolerate partial shade, although in this case they bloom more modestly. They grow on any soil, even fairly dry, but moderately moist and sufficiently fertile is optimal. To retain moisture and suppress weeds, it is better to mulch the soil around the bushes with a 5-centimeter layer of peat or wood chips.

Solidago is a culture that needs the most minimal care. It consists only in top dressing (in the spring - during the regrowth of plants and in the summer - before budding), weeding and loosening. True, even if this is not done, the plant will not be very "offended". But one problem with goldenrods can still arise, especially in years with cool rainy summers: closer to autumn, they often suffer from powdery mildew, which manifests itself in the form of spots of white bloom on the leaves and even leads to their death. At the first signs of disease, the bushes should be treated with copper-based fungicides. As a preventive measure, it is useful to remove plant residues, as well as treat plants and the soil around them - in spring and autumn - with copper sulfate or another fungicide.

Over time, the central part of the goldenrod bush grows old and dies off, and it seems to fall apart. That is why for rejuvenation, containment of growth and, of course, for reproduction, the bushes should be divided every 4–5 years.It is best to do this in the spring, although it can be done in the fall.

The problem with self-seeding remains with varietal solidago. To avoid its appearance, it is necessary to cut off the faded inflorescences. If you decide to use seedlings for reproduction, remember that they do not retain varietal characteristics; anything can turn out!

If, nevertheless, you decide to take a risk and purchase a bush you like, examine its roots: if you see long root suckers - it is better not to purchase such a goldenrod - it will grow greatly. If the root system is compact, then the plant will not grow much.

Article by Alexander Kabanov

Varieties and types of goldenrod

Among the variety of species and varieties of solidago, there are several that are especially popular with gardeners and landscape designers:

Common goldenrod. The shoots of the plant are straight or branched, grow up to a maximum of 2 meters. Inflorescences are complex, they are paniculate, racemose or spike-shaped.
Daursky. This is a bush that grows up to a meter in height. His homeland is Siberia. Shoots are simple, powerful, branching is observed only in the inflorescence. Short hairs cover the upper part of the stem, the lower one is completely naked. Inflorescences of Daurian goldenrod are racemose or panicle-shaped and consist of yellow baskets.

Of the varieties of hybrid goldenrod, gardeners value the following:

Frugold. It grows up to 120 cm.The inflorescences of yellow shade are 25 cm in size.
Goldstral. The bush in height does not exceed a meter mark. Inflorescences are panicle-shaped and consist of yellow baskets.
Spetgold. Lemon yellow baskets adorn a meter-high bush. Their length is about 20 cm.
Goldking. One of the tallest varieties reaches 1.5 meters. Its decoration is a rich yellow shade of panicle inflorescences. Their length does not exceed 35 cm.

Reproduction

In natural conditions, goldenrod actively reproduces by seeds and shoots. If you want to plant goldenrod in your area, then you can do this by the seed method, dividing the bush and by grafting. Let's consider some of the features of each of these methods:

planting goldenrod by seed method. This method is used very rarely, since the planting material very quickly loses its germination. If you still decide to grow solidago in this way, then choose either November or mid-spring. Before planting goldenrod, the seeds should be kept in a damp cloth for some time. After a few hours, simply transfer the seeds to the excavated area. Some gardeners do not even bother with the deepening of goldenrod seeds, since it will germinate anyway. You can also bury the seeds to a maximum depth of 3-4 mm. if you planted seeds in spring, then the first shoots will appear in 14-21 days, and when planting before winter - next spring. After the seedlings get a little stronger, they should be planted. Border varieties of goldenrod are seated at a minimum distance of 40 cm from each other, and tall ones - 80 cm;
planting goldenrod by cuttings. This method, like the previous one, ensures 100% survival rate of goldenrod. You should start harvesting cuttings before buds begin to appear. Choose well-formed shoots. It is necessary to separate them with a "heel". The apical part of the shoot can also act as a cutting. If you prune a perennial during the flowering period, then young shoots will begin to grow intensively from the leaf axils, which can also act as planting material. The cuttings are simply buried in the open field, after which they successfully root;
planting goldenrod by dividing the bush. To divide a bush, it must be old and strong enough. Usually 4-5-year-old goldenrods become such.Older shrubs can be difficult to dig up as their root system becomes too large.

Before digging, moisten the soil, carefully dig up the bush and divide it into as many parts as its root system allows. Plant each part of the bush in a pre-dug planting hole

This method of propagation of goldenrod is also good because the plant is thus renewed.

Application of goldenrod

In cooking

The herb solidago (goldenrod) in cooking is usually used for medicinal purposes, which can be read in more detail below.

In medicine

The herb and flowers of goldenrod are widespread in medicine. The herb makes an excellent tea, which becomes a source of beneficial antioxidants, reduces acidity and also helps to strengthen capillaries. But honey from goldenrod is not only tasty, but also healthy - it will help you get rid of tonsillitis, rhinitis, sinusitis and even chronic rhinitis.

When losing weight

Usually, it is not customary to use herb for weight loss, but due to the fact that goldenrod cleanses the intestines, kidneys and urinary tract well, you can achieve a weight loss effect. In any case, you should not do this without consulting a doctor.

At home

The goldenrod flower is perfect for landscaping planning. A hybrid variety of goldenrod is perfect for a flower bed, since it does not give self-seeding and will not oppress neighboring plants. Also, goldenrod does useful things - it attracts beneficial insects and butterflies to your flower bed. Bright yellow flowers goldenrod can stand just fine for two weeks in a vase. The flowers have a pleasant and unobtrusive scent.

In cosmetology

Goldenrod is also widely used in cosmetology. In the first place is skin care, where the beneficial properties of the herb can be listed for a very long time. The herb is widely used for skin elasticity and lifting, is an excellent antioxidant, stimulates the synthesis of elastin and collagen, and also has an excellent anti-aging effect.

Types and varieties

We recommend that you familiarize yourself

Golden rod bushes are popular in the design of many gardens and plots.

The most used types:

1 Common goldsmith. It is the most common, its bushes grow in Europe, Asia and northern Africa. The stems of solidago are somewhat branched, from 60 to 130 cm high. The foliage is oval-ovoid. As a result of flowering, an inflorescence is formed that has a round or cylindrical shape. Yellow flowers begin to appear in late July - early August. This type is often used for medicinal purposes, as it has many medicinal properties. All kinds of decoctions and tinctures are made from it, as well as teas that help tone the body and normalize its work. Goldenrod is a wonderful honey plant. It is often used as an ornamental plant with beautiful flowers.

2 Canadian goldsmith. In its natural environment, this species grows in the northern part of America. Mountainous regions are more suitable for him. The herbaceous perennial can reach a height of 0.5 to 1.5 meters. Straight stems are somewhat omitted in the upper part. The leaf is lanceolate, rather large and can be 15 cm in length. A panicle-shaped inflorescence is created thanks to thin one-sided brushes. Solidago bloom begins in late August - early September. For a long time, this particular species was widespread in our regions, which provoked the misconception that the golden rod is completely unsuitable for growing in the garden and other flower beds. This is due to the fact that, thanks to the powerful creeping root, the Canadian goldenrod quickly spread throughout the territory and had a detrimental effect on other plants.

3Solidago is the highest. A variety from North America. Biologists regard it as one of the subspecies of the Canadian goldenrod. A perennial can grow up to 2 m in height. The foliage is simple, with solid edges.Flowers visually form a brush shape, which is collected in rather long one-sided panicles 30-40 cm long. The flowering period begins at the end of August, duration is 50 days.

4 Hybrid goldsmith. It is this species that includes complex forms of garden origin, often used to decorate the site. Most hybrids have a fairly short root system, almost unable to grow

Formed by small bushes that attract the attention of others, even without the presence of flowers. But if inflorescences are formed, they are small.

The most popular varieties that are often used for landscaping are:

1Perkeo is a compact bush, the height of which does not exceed 50 cm. The flowering period begins in early August. Flowers of a light yellow hue appear on the plant.
2Lorin - height 60-70 cm. The bush is quite compact. In mid-August, flowers of a bright yellow hue appear on it.
3Goldtanne is a tall shrub that grows up to 2 m in height. The inflorescences are round, resembling the shape of a panicle. Their length reaches 0.5 m. The flowering period is mid-September. At this time, bright orange flowers appear on the bush.
4Julind - reaches 1.5 m in height. The plant blooms in September with light yellow flowers.

In veterinary and traditional medicine, only two types of goldenrod are used: common and Canadian. Plants contain an impressive amount of organic acids, polysaccharides, fatty oils and other biologically active substances. The collection of raw materials for the manufacture of medicines occurs during the flowering period, young stems and inflorescences are used. Drying takes place in well-ventilated rooms. After the drying process, the dense stems are removed. The finished material must be stored in specially prepared cloth bags or in paper bags. The shelf life of raw materials is no more than one year.

Cooked decoctions, tinctures or teas based on goldenrod have an expectorant, diuretic, wound healing, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effect. Do not forget about contraindications. Given the fact that goldenrod contains a small amount of toxins, an overdose can cause harm to your own health.

Chemical composition

Common goldenrod and Canadian goldenrod are two representatives of the species Goldenrod belonging to the Astrovye family. These two species have much in common, not only in botanical characteristics, but also in chemical composition. The active substances in these plants are practically identical, differing only in concentration.

The rich chemical composition is due to the pronounced therapeutic effect of taking herbal remedies, so it is important to know which components they contain. Scientists managed to study in detail the composition of these plants, so they presented a complete list of chemicals that have the ability to influence the body, treat various diseases, and also carry out prevention

Listed below are the most significant active components of the plant, which are responsible for the therapeutic effect.

Organic acids.
Saponins.
Phenols.
Phenolcarboxylic acids.
Flavonoids (quercetin, isorhamnetin, astralgalin, rutin).
Coumarins.
Diterpenoids and triterpinoids.
Phytoecdysones.
Mineral compounds.
Vitamins - A, E, B1, K, PP.
Polysaccharides.
Fatty acids (in seeds).

The composition of goldenrod is also unique because the active ingredients contained in it add up to a synergistic effect, which makes the healing properties even more pronounced. Since the components of the plant complement each other, they are able to double and triple the therapeutic effect.

A bit of history

Almost all varieties of goldenrod are from the United States, where even during colonization, Indian tribes used it as a medicine that accelerates wound healing. Given this fact, traders quickly mastered its supply across the ocean, and sold it in European countries at a very high price. After a while, it turned out that the goldenrod began to grow independently in European countries, thereby causing a decline in interest in its person, but now the dense goldenrod plantations began to be decorative, decorating the vacant land plots of various nobles!

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Solidago rugose - Solidago rugosa Mill.

Homeland - North America. Habitat: swamps, wet meadows, bogs, roadsides, meadows. This species is highly variable in size, inflorescence shape and presence of hair. National American name "Rough-stemmed goldenrod" - "Rough-stemmed goldenrod".

Perennial plant with straight, smooth stems up to 200 cm tall. Sometimes he lays down. The rhizome is creeping. Differs in reddish-brown color of shoots. Leaves are oval-oblong to lanceolate, dentate along the edge, 4-9 cm long and 2 cm at their widest point. Basal leaves are absent. Baskets are small, collected in one-sided racemes, forming drooping paniculate inflorescences 45-60 cm long with arched ears. The flowers are yellow. Blooms 35-40 days in September. Bears fruit.

Location: successfully grown both in open sunny places and in partial shade. Very hardy.

Soil: Not demanding, but grows best on heavy, moist soils in partial shade.

Care: they grow strongly, the bushes are divided every 3-4 years. Before winter, it is necessary to trim the ground part at a height of up to 15 cm.

Reproduction: by dividing the bush and rhizome offcuts in early spring. Less commonly propagated by summer cuttings and sowing seeds. Goldenrods easily multiply by freshly harvested seeds, give massive self-seeding, weed. Seeds can be sown from January to May. The optimum temperature for germination is 22 degrees. Seedlings appear 10-14 days after sowing. For the reproduction of varieties, and even species, the division of the bushes is used. The best time to divide and transplant is spring, when regrowth begins. Most species and varieties grow quickly, do not require frequent transplants, it is enough to carry them out once every 5-7 years. Low-growing varieties are planted denser (40 x 40 cm), tall ones look better in a sparse planting (distance between plants 70-80 cm), when each individual bush is visible.

Usage: the main advantage of goldenrods is autumn and abundant flowering. Their variety allows you to choose varieties with flowering periods from August to September - October. Goldenrods are used, depending on the form of growth and height, in the form of thickets near fences, on the northern and eastern sides of buildings, in group plantings. Cut off goldenrod inflorescences are irreplaceable in autumn bouquets.

Solidago (Latin Solidago), or goldenrod, until recently was undeservedly considered by many growers as a weed plant, which was due to its adaptability to survival even in adverse conditions.

Natural species of solidago - Canadian and giant - quickly spread with the help of long creeping roots and flying seeds, filling vast territories. This plant is found in Europe, Asia, Eastern Siberia and North America. In the central part of Russia, goldenrods grow everywhere - along roads, in forests, in wastelands and sunny glades.

The undoubted advantage of solidago is its unpretentiousness and great decorativeness. The plant belongs to herbaceous perennials and has more than 100 species. Erect stems grow to a height of 30 to 200 cm, depending on the variety. Leaves are lanceolate with serrated or serrated edges. The flower itself has an interesting shape - the inflorescences are clearly visible in the photo, collected from small flower baskets in a panicle or brush. From August to October, the honey scent of the plant's flowers attracts insects and birds.

Landing rules

A favorite perennial of many gardeners, goldenrod will decorate any flower bed, hiding various flaws and irregularities in planting. True, in places where vegetable crops grow, for example, in a vegetable garden, it is not entirely desirable, since it belongs to an aggressive weed plant and can easily "hammer" useful plants. It is unpretentious, and therefore the plant is planted where there is a lot of light and in dark places. When seating it, remember that it can grow quickly.

Goldenrod usually propagates by seeds and shoots. You can try to plant it both by cuttings and by dividing the bush. This should be done in early spring or autumn. In the warm season, it is better to plant the plant with cuttings rather than seeds. Remember that the golden rose reproduces quite actively, up to 5 bushes can grow per square meter. If the variety is tall, then it is better to tie the stems to the stakes. If you decide to multiply the vegetation in the garden with cuttings, then use young shoots. To do this, it is necessary to separate part of the stem in the ground. In the case of sowing with seeds, at an air temperature of about 20 degrees Celsius, shoots may appear in 2 weeks.

Gift of the sun