Growing from seeds
Nasturtium can be diluted in two ways: by sowing seeds directly into open soil and by growing seedlings at home. This interesting and entertaining process does not require certain subtleties.
Additional Information! Why the seedling method is better: plants bloom earlier than those sown in the ground, and suffer less from weeds, since they are ahead of them in growth.
Time to board
To get early flowering bushes, you need to grow seedlings from seeds. When to plant nasturtium when grown from seed depends on the planting region. Spring (late March or early April) is considered a favorable period for this procedure, in regions with a cold climate - mid-May.
Choice of capacity
Biocontainers, pots made of peat, plastic, cups with a removable bottom up to 10 cm in diameter are suitable as containers for the construction of nasturtium seedlings. The best solution is to take peat tablets for this purpose.
Choosing a container for planting
Soil and seed preparation
Before sowing seeds, you need to prepare them. To do this, carry out the following procedure:
- Sort by removing underdeveloped, small and damaged seeds.
- Place the inoculum for 15 minutes in a potassium permanganate solution heated to 60 ° C for disinfection.
- Then put the seeds in a gauze cloth and send them to cool water for 24 hours.
- For intensive future growth, they can be germinated a little, and then planted in pots.
The soil substrate can be used in the store or you can make it yourself by taking turf, sand, peat in equal parts. Mix and sift all ingredients well. Heat the resulting mixture with a hot potassium permanganate solution and leave in the room for 1-2 days. Then fill the containers with them and you can start sowing.
Sowing
In containers with prepared soil, make a 2 cm depression. Place 2-3 seeds in each pot. Squeeze the soil a little and water using a spray bottle. This will not wash out the soil and keep the seeds in place. Cover the planting containers with foil, glass to create a greenhouse.
Attention! Containers with seedlings should be transferred to a light and warm windowsill.
Favorable days for planting
Every experienced summer resident knows that crops and flowers need to be planted on certain days, which depend on the phases of the moon. The heavenly companion can both help the summer resident in his affairs, and interfere. So that all work is not in vain, scientists have developed a special lunar sowing calendar, which is new every year and always gives clear dates for all agricultural techniques. This year, the stock rose can be planted on the following auspicious days:
• in March - these are: 1, 3, 4, 20, 21, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30th - for those varieties that are annuals;
• for perennials: March 1, 3, 4, 20, 21, 28, 29, 30;
• in April: 1, 18, 19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 26, 29;
• perennials: 1, 6, 7, 8, 20, 21, 29.
In general, planting of stock-roses for seedlings with seeds is carried out from February to April, but in the first case, this is for those who have a greenhouse, the second option is for the northern regions. For a temperate climate, sowing is carried out from March.
Flower bed care
The stock-rose is not at all capricious, but minimal care is still needed. In good soil, it does not need to be fed, the whole concern is weeding, watering, removing weeds
It is important to loosen the soil, the roots need air access, otherwise they will begin to rot. The soil should be loosened at a distance of 5 cm around the flower. They feed the flowers a week after planting, if nothing was added to the soil before transshipment
Top dressing during the budding and flowering period with mineral compositions under the root, or preparations for foliar dressing is permissible. This increases the splendor. This process is repeated every 3-4 weeks until the end of flowering. Then the whole plant is cut, leaving the cutting 20 cm from ground level
Flowers are fed a week after planting, if nothing was added to the soil before transshipment. Top dressing during the budding and flowering period with mineral compositions under the root, or preparations for foliar dressing is permissible. This increases the splendor. This process is repeated every 3-4 weeks until the end of flowering. The plant is then cut off entirely, leaving the cutting 20 cm above ground level.
Young perennials must be fed for the winter, so that the plant gains strength before a long sleep. Faded buds are removed if no seed is needed. Water in moderation, usually 1-2 times a week.
Flowers - stock rose
The decorative stem of the rose is a bush up to 2.5 m high, with heart-shaped serrated leaves on the stem. From the beginning of summer to the end of autumn, the plant forms solid spike-shaped inflorescences located along the entire length of the trunk. The flowers are very large, up to 12-13 cm in diameter, the shape of the corolla is bell-shaped. Rosettes are found semi-double, double and simple, in some varieties with ruffles and frills along the edge of the petals.
The color of the flowers is stunning - all tones of the reddish-yellow range, even lilac, purple, violet, black and red. The inflorescence blooms from bottom to top. The stock rose is actively used in landscape design, it becomes a decor for fences, walls, fences, arches, gazebos, it can be a hedge. It belongs to the Malvaceae family, it is the most beautiful representative of the species.
What is the difference between mallow and rose stem?
Many mallow (mallow) and the stem of the rose are considered one flower. But it is not so. They are assigned to the same family, but different genera and have certain characteristics. Stock rose and mallow - what is the main difference:
- The main difference is the lifespan of a culture. The stock rose is a biennial or perennial plant, about 80 of its types have been identified. In contrast, mallow is an annual crop.
- The height of the bush. The stem of the rose can reach 2.5 m in length, the mallow is much more modest - from 30 to 120 cm in height.
- Externally, the mallow differs from the stem of the rose with notched flower shapes and dissected leaves. Its corollas have cups with five petals, on which longitudinal stripes are clearly visible.
Possible growing problems
Gardeners rarely encounter problems when caring for this representative of the flora, but sometimes they still do not bypass the culture.
Diseases and insects
Despite the resistance of canna to diseases and pests, this plant is sometimes affected by an illness. This is possible if the rules of agricultural technology are not followed, for example, when organizing poor drainage during planting. The following diseases and insects are more common.
- Bacteriosis It can be recognized by black spots on buds and foliage. Fighting the disease is usually useless, so gardeners are advised to eliminate the affected flower from the flower bed.
- Rust. The disease is indicated by red streaks on the leaves and a gray sediment on the flowers. In this case, it is sufficient to remove the affected parts and destroy them.
- Fungus. A fungal infection can be judged by the presence of yellowness on the leaves. To save the affected flower, it is treated with a light solution of potassium permanganate.
- Caterpillars. These pests are usually visible with the naked eye. Special means help to get rid of them.
Sprouts do not hatch
Sometimes the problem for novice gardeners is the lack of seedlings. Sprouts may not appear due to the poor quality of the planting material, but there are other reasons for this. If seedlings are not observed, then carefully examine the tuber. If it does not have dark spots or mold marks, then soak it halfway in water or a root-forming agent such as Zircon. If the material is of high quality, then in 1-2 weeks it will "wake up" and will actively develop.
If the plant has already grown in the garden before and does not want to "wake up" after wintering, then the reason for this may be non-compliance with storage conditions.For example, the rhizome could dry out, freeze, or rot. If you notice signs of spoilage on the bulb, cut off the affected fragments and disinfect the tuber. When dry, soak the rhizome in water. If the tuber is frozen, then it will not be possible to restore it.
After processing the spoiled rhizome, try to germinate it in peat. Keep the substrate moist and keep the planting container in a warm room, regularly feeding the crop or adding Zircon solution. After 2-4 weeks, the bulb should wake up.
The plant does not bloom
A frequent problem is the lack of flowering in the culture. Even a florist who has followed all the rules for the care and storage of planting material may face this. Usually the source of this problem is the harsh climate of the region. For example, this phenomenon is characteristic of plants planted in Siberia. In such conditions, tubers that were taken out after storage necessarily need the above-described awakening procedure.
If the rhizomes were not awakened and flowering did not occur, then in the fall, before the first cold weather, remove the non-flowering bush from the garden and transplant it into a container. Place the plant in an apartment and follow all the care rules mentioned above. Most likely, in indoor conditions, the culture will delight its owner with flowers.
Sometimes flowering is absent in home maintenance. The reason for this situation cannot be explained by the climate, so it can be assumed that the culture lacks heat, water and air humidity.
For growing and caring for cannes, see the next video.
Planting seeds and caring for the stock rose
Planting and further cultivation of a flower with seeds consists of several stages.
When to plant
For mallow to bloom in the year of planting, the plants must be grown in seedlings. The most optimal sowing dates are late February or early March. Although the culture is unpretentious, it is better to plant seedlings in a heated ground. Therefore, the exact sowing time depends on the growing region.
Material preparation
For sowing, only high-quality planting material should be used, which is no more than three years old. Seeds should be harvested only after they are fully ripe, as can be judged by the yellowed and dried bolls.
If the weather is wet during the collection of seeds, then the branches need to be cut and dried indoors.
Experienced florists always advise pre-sowing seed preparation. This requires:
- Checking seeds for germination. Prepare a 3% saline solution and dip the seeds into it for 15 minutes. All grains that have sunk to the bottom are considered suitable for sowing. The rest can be safely thrown away.
- Treatment. Use modern dry pesticides according to the instructions or hot water. Seed material is alternately immersed in hot and cold water. The procedure is carried out within half an hour.
- Stratification. At this stage, it is possible to awaken the natural vitality of the plants. The grains are mixed with sand and poured into a cloth bag. Then place it in the cold (on the bottom shelf of the refrigerator, cellar). As a result, conditions are created that are close to natural. After planting in the ground, the seeds hatch quickly.
Having made the correct pre-sowing preparation, it is possible not only to increase the resistance of seedlings to various natural influences, but also to ensure the safety of adult plants in the future.
Sowing seeds
For planting seeds for seedlings, nutrient soil is used with the following composition:
- compost - 2 parts;
- sod land - 1 part;
- river sand - 1 part.
Step-by-step instruction:
- The container is filled with prepared soil.
- Seeds are evenly distributed over the surface of the earth and lightly sprinkled with earth with a layer of 1 cm.
- Spill the plantings from a spray bottle with water at room temperature.
When using tap water, let it settle in an open container for 24 hours. This will get rid of chlorine, which negatively affects seed germination.
- The landing container is covered with a lid and installed on a window on the south side. Landings need to provide a temperature of + 20-22 ° C. The emergence of seedlings should be expected after 7 days.
Seedling care
Until the emergence of shoots, the container must be opened every day for ventilation. Due to the short daylight hours in February-March, mallow seedlings have to be illuminated. An LED lamp is suitable for this, or better a phytolamp.
When growing seedlings, the temperature should be room temperature. Watering is done as needed. The plants do not need any fertilizers during this period.
Picking
A month after sowing, the seedlings are transplanted into separate containers, while the plants should have at least 2 true leaves. Both peat and plastic cups are suitable for picking. The procedure avoids stretching and weakening of seedlings and consists of the following steps:
- A tall plastic cup is filled with a little more than half of loose earth, having previously made holes in the bottom for drainage.
- Using a fork, pry the plant and carefully remove it from the container.
- The sprout is placed in a glass, held vertically and covered with soil. Deepening is carried out to cotyledonous leaves.
Malva does not tolerate picking well and gets sick for about a week after transplanting.
Landing in open ground
To plant a stock-rose on a site, places with a high level of groundwater and lowlands should be avoided. Due to the fact that some varieties are quite tall, planting should be done along the fence and walls of the house. So the plants will receive not only protection from the wind, but also support. The planting site should be well lit, otherwise the flowering will be weak in the shade. Seedlings are planted in open ground only after the threat of frost has passed. In many regions it is May, and in Siberia and the Urals, it is better to land in the second half of June.
How to grow seedlings?
Quite unpretentious flowers - stock-rose. They do not like wetlands, but they easily endure dry seasons. If you want to get flowering in the first year, then first you need to try and grow seedlings, which you can plant in the garden in the future.
For better germination, you need to use two-year-old seeds. The first step is to germinate them - pour warm water for 12 hours. So they are saturated with moisture and give the first shoots much faster.
The root of the plant is pivotal, and the seeds must be planted shallowly. Separate cups or containers are perfect, it is not recommended to grow seedlings in a common box - when transplanting, the root of the plant can be damaged, it can then get sick and die.
To grow seedlings, you will need a nutritious soil consisting of sawdust, compost, turf, sand and peat. The grain is placed on the ground, and sprinkled on top with a centimeter of the same mixture. For quick germination, you need to cover the pot with polyethylene, maintain the humidity and temperature in it no higher than 20 degrees. If these conditions are met, sprouts will appear in 2 weeks.
Reproduction of cannes at home
Homemade cannes are propagated by seeds. Reproduction of cannes at home is carried out in late February - early March. Since the seeds of this plant have a rather dense shell, they are stratified before planting, that is, for a day they are placed in a solution of a growth stimulator, for example, "Epin". Stratified seeds are planted in small containers filled with light, loose, breathable soil. A peat seedling substrate mixed with sand in a 2: 1 ratio is well suited. It is recommended to plant each seed in a separate pot to a depth of 0.5 - 1 cm. When planted deeper, they will not sprout, or they will sprout for a very long time. It is enough to press the seed into moistened soil or leave it on the surface, covering the pot with plastic wrap to create a "greenhouse". Place the container with seeds in a warm, sunny place.
Further, you will need to take proper care of the seedlings and provide favorable conditions for their growth and development. Seedlings should be regularly watered, fed with mineral complex fertilizers and periodically sprayed. With proper care, by the end of May they will stretch up to 20 cm, and 4 sheets will be formed on each of them. Grown plants can be placed in the garden, and when the threat of recurrent frosts has passed, they can be planted in the ground. Over the summer, the flowers will get stronger and by autumn they will grow up to 40 - 50 cm, while the leaves will be the same as in adults. In the fall, you need to divide the plant, since over the summer many growths are formed on it and the bushes increase 2 - 3, sometimes 4 times.
Thus, growing a canna flower at home from seeds, a florist will receive an adult plant in one season. In addition, with the seed method of reproduction, the likelihood of damage to flowers by various diseases is significantly reduced or eliminated altogether. When caring for a flower, regular watering is necessary, especially during the flowering period. With the onset of cold weather, the bush is dug out together with an earthen lump, transplanted into a tub or large pot with a diameter of 40-50 cm, brought into the room, then it will continue to bloom.
Description and varieties
The stem rose belongs to the Malvaceae family. Among the people, it was called a kalachik or mallow. Depending on the species, the stem can be straight, recumbent or ascending. Leaves are cuttings, pubescent, heart-shaped. On the upper part of the stem, the leaves are smaller; the closer to the ground, the larger the leaves.
The herbaceous stem reaches a height of 30 to 250 cm. The peduncle in tall plants is about a meter. Large flowers are located in the axils of the leaves - up to 5 pieces in each. The flowers are regular, bisexual, can be simple, semi-double and double. Petals can be yellow, white, crimson, pink, purple, red, burgundy.
The fruits of the plant outwardly resemble a cake, which, as it ripens, splits into slices. Seeds are transferred with the help of animals, as well as by attaching to the soles of people's shoes.
A variety of flower varieties can delight any gardener. Breeders managed to obtain a large number of varieties and species of mallow. Even ordinary varieties that look rustic can add a touch of romantic atmosphere and home comfort to any area.
Popular varieties:
- Annual. A beautiful flower with a delicate aroma, up to 80 centimeters high. The plant can have both simple and double flowers up to 10 centimeters in diameter.
- Royal. Annual flower with a trunk height of 50 centimeters. Double flowers with jagged edges of petals and a pleasant aroma. The rose blooms in the year of sowing and pleases with flowers from July to early autumn. Often used for mixborders and flower beds.
- Terry. Photophilous herb up to 2 meters high. Double flowers up to 15 cm in diameter and corrugated petals.
- Carnival. Biennial light-loving drought-resistant plant with large double flowers of various shades.
- Margarita. A plant with large and incredibly beautiful flowers, reaching 2 meters in height. Often used to decorate hedges.
- Violet. Variety with a strong, straight stem up to 2 meters in height. It stands out with large purple flowers. The plant loves warmth and sunlight, as well as fertile soil. Long-lasting and abundant flowering.
- Blackberry Sorbet. Tall culture, reaching 2 meters in height. Flowers are large, double, dense. The petals are rich yellow and burgundy.
- Take it. Culture up to 2 meters high. The flowers are incredibly beautiful - juicy burgundy or pink.
- Double Cassis. The culture is large, tall with large flowers. The petals are purple-cherry with a white border. Blooms from July to mid-autumn.
- Double Pink. An erect double stem of a rose, the stem of which is entirely covered with large flowers of pale pink color.
- Stock-Rose Chaters. A culture with densely doubled large flowers of yellow, red or white, growing up to 2.5 meters. Long-lasting, abundant flowering.
- Red maiden. A tall, drought-resistant crop that loves sunlight and fertile soils. The erect stem is entirely covered with bright red double large flowers.
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