Tree liana and landscape
Wisteria blooms unforgettably, because the colors of its long inflorescences are cast in blue, red and white shades.
Huge brushes gently descend, enveloping those around them with their sweetish aroma.
The beauty of wisteria is appreciated by landscape designers from all over the world, because this plant mesmerizes with its exuberant beauty.
Of course, it is quite difficult to grow a huge plant with lush inflorescences on the territory of our country, but if you put in a little effort, you will certainly be able to achieve good results.
Where it is applied in landscape design:
- As a rule, its vines are wrapped around the walls of houses, gazebos, vergols and open terraces.
- It is used as a gorgeous standard plant grown in huge pots.
- Build a fragrant blooming arch.
- Miniature varieties are ideal for indoor cultivation.
- It is often used to create a bonsai tree.
In China, during the flowering of these plants, family trips and excursions are arranged; such an unforgettable impression on people is made by a blooming garden of multi-colored fragrant wisteria.
Siberia
Wisteria is incredibly beautiful. It is not surprising that absolutely everyone wants to see her. But growing wisteria in Siberia is almost impossible. Even a variety like Blue Moon, which can withstand 40 degrees of frost, bows to its surroundings. In addition to a mild and warm climate, wisteria needs a long growing season. It is he who is responsible for the abundant and long flowering. The climate of Siberia cannot provide the necessary conditions. Even if you contrive and grow a vine, covering and protecting it at the same time from frost (providing a good shelter for the winter), and carefully watching that the plant does not get wet, flowering most likely will not come. If a miracle happens, the inflorescences will be weak and single.
Wisteria: care and cultivation in the middle lane
Unlike the usual wisteria zone, growth in the middle lane is not easy. Long and very harsh winters make it possible to save only young shoots and rhizomes. Flowering also expects much to be desired - adult plants bloom exclusively at 6-8 years of age. And where the summer is cold and rainy, you need to try hard to see the buds.
Wonderful environment - systematic temperature without strong changes, both day and night, and many more rays of the sun.
For excellent development in the middle lane, it is necessary to create growing conditions and care for wisteria close to wonderful.
Choosing a landing site and soil
Wisteria is a very thermophilic plant, due to this it prefers sunny areas and walls of buildings facing south. Open sites are not recommended; it is better to plant the vine along a high fence or under the wall of the house.
Achieve true and strong flowering is possible only with good lighting for at least 6 hours a day. In this case, winds and drafts should be avoided.
Wisteria is not very demanding on the soil. Basically, it grows well on any soil, but chernozem or rich clay soils are very favorite. But a limestone substrate or a swampy one is completely unacceptable.
Planting and characteristics of care
A vine is planted in the soil in early June, having prepared a hole 60 * 60 cm and adding mineral-based fertilizers in advance for digging at the rate of 25-30 g per m 2.
To prevent the vine from rotting and getting wet, a good drainage layer is first placed on the bottom of the hole. This will additionally save the root.
Like planting wisteria, care has its own nuances:
- After planting, the plant must be well watered.
- You should wait for the adaptation, which lasts about a month. After which the vine will grow and it will need to be supported.
- In hot weather or during a drought, watering should be periodic and sufficient.
- Spraying vines in summer is allowed.
- When the summer period approaches the end, watering is reduced.
- Rotten manure with water (20: 1) or mineral-based fertilizers (dissolve 20 g in a bucket of water) are used as top dressing.
- When the foliage falls off, you need to prune. It also goes away in the spring during vigorous growth.
- Before the first cold weather, the vine is removed from the supports, placed on boards located on the ground and carefully covered with moss, and then with lutrasil. Root areas should be "covered" with earth. This procedure is very important for young plants.
How to trim wisteria (video)
Japanese wisteria
Came to our country from Japan. It is inferior in beauty and frost resistance to other varieties, so it became widespread mainly on the coast of the Caucasus or in the Crimea. Rarely reaches 8 - 9 m in height, but has large leaves and inflorescences with small flowers. Depending on the garden shape, their color palette can be white, pink or light purple shades.
Chinese wisteria
A beautiful liana with dense foliage, originally from China, can grow up to 15 m. It has large foliage and beautiful light purple flowers, decorated in hanging clusters 30 cm long.
The plant prefers sunlit places, blooms in spring and retains flowering vines throughout the summer, which turn into densely edged beans in the fall. It is often used by gardeners in vertical gardening in the southern regions of Russia. It is remarkable not only for its bright flowers, but also for feathery leaves, which transform into golden hues with the onset of cold weather. Using special pruning, you can give an erect, tree-like or standard shape. Decorative varieties:
- alba;
- captivity;
- Blue Sapphire;
- Sierra Madre.
This variety is able to withstand only short-term cold snaps down to -20 ° C.
Beautiful wisteria
Bred in Japan. In Russia, it spread to the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus. The difference from other species is the leaves covered with velvet, mainly on the lower side. The shoots are also covered with silky fluff. Large purple or pale white double flowers form hanging brushes, 20 cm long.
Large wisteria
The beautifully flowering sun-loving vine is bred in North America. It belongs to close species of wisteria shrub, boasts huge clusters of flowers that reach 30 cm.Inflorescences reach 1.5 m.
Wisteria abundantly flowering
The flowering plant was brought to Europe from the United States. Woody lianas grow from 8 m to 10 m. The diameter of the stems at the base can reach 25 - 40 cm. The young plant is covered with whitish short hairs, which eventually disappear and the shoots become bare. Flowers - hanging racemose violet-blue inflorescences bloom in spring. Re-flowering is observed in July - September.
Shrub wisteria
A special kind of wisteria. It grows up to 12 m. It has drooping branches on which flowers of violet-blue color grow. Wonderfully decorates the alpine slides, creating an unusual vertical look. A plant planted in a tub, in the shape of a small tree, can decorate any room.
What is actinidia
Actinidia is a very unusual vine that can become a real decoration of a personal plot. It is also known to gardeners under the nicknames "northern grapes", "kiwi", "Amur gooseberries", "Far Eastern raisins". This plant is not only spectacular and decorative, but also very useful. It regularly produces berries that contain many vitamins, macro- and microelements vital for the body.
Actinidia in the garden looks very impressive
Actinidia is widely used in the garden.This vine has a powerful tree-like trunk, the shoots are literally dotted with large, beautifully shaped leaves. The gazebos and verandas entwined with it look very impressive. You can also disguise some unsightly structure or create a hedge.
Even in winter, actinidia attracts attention - its whimsically intertwining shoots look like the creation of a talented graphic artist
Spreading
In nature, there are many varieties of actinidia. Most of them are native to the Asian subtropics. But there is also actinidia kolomikta, which is widespread in nature in northern China. It successfully survives not only in the European part of Russia, but also in regions with a more severe climate, rightly ranked among the "risky farming zones" - in Siberia, the Far East, and the Urals. Liana is frost-resistant, temperatures up to -45 ° C do not harm it. The main danger for her is recurrent spring frosts, which are not something out of the ordinary in these territories. When the temperature drops to -2 ° C, the leaves will suffer, but quickly recover, at -4 ° C both they and the flowers will turn black and fall off, -8 ° C is a critical minimum at which the shoots may not survive.
In general, actinidia is one of the most ancient plants that have survived to this day. Botanists claim that this vine existed on the planet at the same time as the dinosaurs, but, unlike them, was able to survive the ice age. Accordingly, she has the ability to adapt to the most extreme conditions.
Description and characteristics
Actinidia belongs to the category of dioecious plants. If you plant it not only for decoration, but also counting on fruiting, there must be a "male" bush that will serve as a pollinator. Breeders have bred several new varieties, positioned as self-fertile, but practice shows that they cannot rightfully be called such. Distinguish "male" plants from "female" by flowers. In the former, they have many stamens, but lack the pistil.
Flowers on "male" actinidia bushes lack pistil
For the winter, the vine sheds its leaves. But before that, they acquire a very bright shade - sunny yellow, crimson-crimson, blood-scarlet. In shape, the leaf plate resembles a slightly elongated heart. In most varieties, it is dark green, but there are also varieties with a leaf tip colored white, pinkish or cream.
Bright multi-colored leaves only add decorativeness to actinidia
The flowering period is short (2–2.5 weeks), but it is very abundant. The snow-white or pastel pink flowers are small, but the open buds spread an amazing aroma, similar to the smell of orange blossom or lily of the valley.
Blooming actinidia spreads an amazing scent
Actinidia fruits look like very large gooseberries or small kiwi fruits. Their taste is very pleasant, sweet and sour, refreshing. The pulp contains more vitamin C than lemons and black currants. Its daily rate is only two fruits. It is best to eat fresh berries, so experienced gardeners recommend letting them hang on the vine until the first frost - then the shelf life will increase significantly.
Actinidia fruits are very similar in shape to kiwi
Rodents, primarily mice, are not interested in the shoots of actinidia. They can only build a nest in the space between the roots. But on cats, the plant has about the same intoxicating effect as valerian tincture. They do not eat the leaves, but to get to the juice, they gnaw through the bases of the shoots and roots.
Video: actinidia and a cat
Actinidia is distinguished by its rapid growth and early maturity. In a year, the shoots lengthen by an average of 1.5–2 m. The first fruits can be tasted 3-4 years after the seedling is planted in the ground. Average yield is 5-10 kg of berries from an adult plant.
Wisteria: care and cultivation in the middle lane
Unlike the usual wisteria zone, growth in the middle lane is problematic. Long and very cold winters can save only young shoots and rhizomes. Flowering also expects much to be desired - adult plants bloom only at 6-8 years of age. And where the summer is cold and rainy, you need to try hard to see the buds.
For good development in the middle lane, you need to create growing conditions and care for wisteria close to ideal.
Choosing a landing site and soil
Wisteria is a very thermophilic plant, therefore it prefers sunny areas and walls of buildings facing south. Open areas are not recommended; it is better to plant a vine along a high fence or under the wall of a house.
Wisteria is not particularly demanding on the soil. As a rule, it grows well on any soil, but black soil or rich loams are especially favorite. But a limestone substrate or a waterlogged one is completely unacceptable.
Planting and care features
The vine is planted in the ground at the beginning of June, having prepared a hole 60 * 60 cm and pre-digging mineral fertilizers at the rate of 25-30 g per m2.
Like planting wisteria, care has its own subtleties:
- After planting, the plant must be well watered.
- You should wait for the adaptation, which lasts about a month. After that, the vine will grow and she will need to install a support.
- In hot weather or during a drought, watering should be periodic and sufficient.
- Spraying vines in summer is permissible.
- When the summer period approaches the end, watering is reduced.
- Rotten manure with water (20: 1) or mineral fertilizers (dissolve 20 g in a bucket of water) are used as top dressing.
- When the foliage falls off, pruning should be done. It is also carried out in the spring during active growth.
- Before the first frost, the liana is removed from the supports, laid on boards located on the ground and carefully covered with moss, and then with lutrasil. Root areas should be "covered" with earth. This procedure is especially important for young plants.
Features of growing indoor varieties
Wisteria grows well in a tub on the balcony, terrace, southern room. During the growing season, she needs light and warmth. Fertilizing is required, otherwise the plant will stop blooming. In a tub, wisteria is well stocked.
In the fall, after pruning, the tub is taken out to the veranda or to another room, where it is cool enough (8 - 10 degrees), damp and not damp. Watering is rare and not abundant. In early spring, a plant is formed, leaving 2 - 3 flowering buds of wisteria and exposed to a permanent place.
If, after winter, the wisteria is located at the southern window, it will bloom rapidly. After a break of 1 - 1.5 months, flowering will resume, but not so abundant.
If the plant is not provided with cold dormancy, it will not just not bloom, it will die.
Wisteria is very responsive to spraying and feeding with universal fertilizer. Young specimens need to be replanted every year, adults after a few years.
After flowering, the plant is cut to half the length of the branches.
For high-quality flowering, regular watering is required. It is impossible to overdry the soil. You can protect from drying out by mulching the soil.
An annual plant can be transplanted into a permanent place in the garden. Any fertile soil and time from spring to autumn are suitable for this. Before planting, it is soaked in water for 2 hours. The root of the seedling in the hole is placed horizontally, the support is immediately installed and the stem is tied up. Watering the seedlings is necessary after planting. After 1 - 2 days, the plant is shortened by 20 cm, leaving 2 - 3 shoots. During the season, they grow by 2 - 2.5 meters. Larger specimens in our conditions will require disproportionate costs. Dry branches should be cut, and curly ones should be guided along the support. For the winter, the plant is spud and watering is stopped.
Gloves should be used when working with wisteria. it is very poisonous. It should not be planted near children's and medical institutions.
Despite its luxurious appearance, wisteria is not a very capricious plant. If you follow the basic rules of care, you can achieve annual abundant long flowering.
Growing features
Florists are in constant dispute whether wisteria is a flower or still belongs to a liana. Many are inclined to believe that this is a tree. Wisteria, or wisteria, as it is also called, is native to the tropics and southern regions. The plant belongs to the legume family. Feels great in the Crimea, Kuban and the North Caucasus. It is there that wisteria is used to create hedges, unusual tunnels and as a single plant.
When growing this exotic beauty in the suburbs, you need to be prepared for the fact that you will have to make a lot of efforts to create conditions for the plant. Considering that flower buds are formed only on vines that are more than 6 years old, it is very difficult to achieve flowering of wisteria. Indeed, during a harsh winter, the entire aboveground part of the plant may die. Usually, only the root system is preserved, which is capable of sprouting in spring. In addition, rainy and cool summers, temperature drops also do not contribute to the exuberant flowering of the plant.
When optimal conditions are created, wisteria can bloom 2 times. The first time - in early spring, the second - in early August.
For normal development, a set of important components is needed:
- temperature;
- light;
- moisture;
- top dressing;
- protection.
If you make an effort and provide good care for the wisteria, you can achieve good results.
Despite the fact that wisteria is similar to a vine, it does not grow particularly fast. In a year, the shoots grow no more than 30-35 cm, and in 6-8 years the plant is able to grow to the roof of the house. The abundance of leaf mass can cover any wall. But the inflorescences, which reach 30-35 cm, simply amaze the imagination with their grace and beauty.
To grow wisteria in the Moscow region, you must first of all consider how to protect the plant in winter. The best option would be to use container growing. Depending on the age of the plant, you will need a container with a volume of 20 to 60 liters. In October, the container is brought into a room where the temperature is kept at least 2-5 degrees. In addition, the liana needs lighting. Wisteria is watered once every 6-7 days. It is not recommended to feed the plant in winter.
With the onset of spring (early to mid-March), wisteria is taken out into a room where there is a lot of light, and watered every other day. At this time, they begin to apply top dressing, and also spray the foliage with solutions to which growth stimulants are added. Wisteria grows in the same way in the Urals. Cultivation of a southern guest is possible in any region of Russia. The main thing is to create appropriate conditions for it. It's not easy at all, but the blooming wisteria is well worth it.
Many amateur gardeners, when growing a plant from seeds in the Moscow region and the Urals, achieve flowering twice a year. However, the tree grows for a very long time, and more than one year will pass before it matures.
When growing wisteria, first of all, you need to choose the right variety. The best will be the cold-tolerant F1 hybrids. It is very good if the plant was grown from seeds in the same conditions in which it will continue to grow.
Siberian grape varieties
Even if all agronomic norms and rules are followed, it is not easy to achieve results if the wrong grape variety is selected. For Siberia, special frost-resistant early varieties have been bred that can withstand up to -40 ° C and give a crop.
Tukay
High-yielding variety. The berries ripen in 100 days.
It grows strongly in width, gives large yields, requires rationing.
Delicious amber-green fruits with dense skin are collected in large, up to a kilogram in weight, clusters.
Tukay
Solovyova-58
By the end of summer, it has time to ripen. The whitish fruits have a strawberry-nutmeg taste, are suitable for fresh consumption, are used for wine and juice. Bunches weighing 200-300 g.
Grapes are always rooted, do not freeze and are not susceptible to disease. The bush is compact. It is necessary to ration the harvest and avoid a heavy load.
Memory of Dombkovskaya
Vigorous vigorous bushes with carved dark green leaves. The berries are large, black in color, ripen by the beginning of September. The bunches are large, loose. The variety is resistant to diseases and frost.
Memory of Dombkovskaya
Sharov's riddle
A widespread variety in the gardens of Siberia. The fruits ripen at the end of August. Berries are dark blue, large, with juicy fragrant pulp, collected in medium-sized clusters. Cut bunches are stored for a long time.
Codryanka
The high-yielding variety is resistant to diseases, withstands frosts down to -22 ° C, ripens in 3 months. The berries are large, up to 8 g, purple in color and pleasant to the taste. The brushes are large, weighing up to 1.5 kg.
About 80 hybrids and varieties were bred for the Siberian region
When purchasing seedlings, they pay attention to growth, resistance to diseases, winter hardiness, size, taste and color of berries. It is safer to buy planting material in specialized nurseries
Codryanka
The Vorontsovs' nursery in Novosibirsk has established itself well, there are nurseries in Barnaul, Krasnoyarsk, Irkutsk ... You can take cuttings and seedlings from experienced gardeners. You cannot buy grapes from random sellers. There is a danger of taking infected plants or unsuitable for the local climate.
It is not easy to grow grapes in Siberia, but if you follow the recommendations of experienced gardeners, you can achieve harvests no worse than the southern ones. The following principles must be followed:
- choose only zoned varieties of local selection;
- provide regular feeding and watering;
- make sure that the plants do not freeze in winter and do not vomit during warming;
- harden grapes for resistance to temperature extremes;
- ration the harvest, avoid overloading the vine;
- carry out autumn pruning in two stages.
Taking care of grapes in spring in Siberia will not cause any special problems. Even in Siberian conditions, a decent harvest can be grown.
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Main varieties and varieties
Today, 9 varieties of wisteria have been identified, each of which differs in the height of the tree, the shade of the buds and the required climatic conditions. In the middle and southern latitudes of Russia, mainly four varieties are bred, the most frost-resistant.
Chinese
This variety includes several subspecies, each looks characteristic - long hanging buds from a shade of white to rich purple:
- Blue Sapphire;
- Amethyst;
- Prolific;
- Southern Belle;
- Texas White.
The native of the variety is China, where it grows wild in forests, mainly in moist soils. It has dense foliage and leaves of complex shapes. The maximum length of one is 30 cm. Shoots reach 20 cm in height, densely cover neighboring trees, walls and other structures.
This variety is referred to as re-flowering. In the presence of suitable soil and plenty of sunshine, re-flowering occurs in September.
Small fragrant buds are collected in clusters up to 40 cm long, and they all bloom at the same time. The first bloom can be 3-10 years of growth, depending on the characteristics of the variety.
Japanese
Japanese wisteria is almost two times smaller than the previous variety, rarely exceeds the height of 9 m. The leaves are larger, the inflorescences are longer. Flowers in buds are very small, abundantly cover a dense short peduncle. The second name of this variety is profuse flowering. The buds can be different, snow-white or lilac.
The climbing liana does not tolerate frost, freezes out almost completely when the temperature drops to 0. In nature, it grows in different parts of Japan, in Russia it is grown mainly as a bonsai plant in indoor conditions.
Blue moon
The Blue Moon variety is the most frost-resistant among perennial wisteria, therefore it is widespread in different latitudes of Russia. It tolerates a drop in temperature even down to -40 degrees, imported from the USA.
A feature of this variety is the shade of the buds. Depending on the species, it can be lavender, light blue or pink with a lilac tint. Without daylight, in the evening and at night, the flowers shimmer with a silvery tint. In the center of each bud there is a large pale yellow spot, clusters up to 30 cm long, leaves up to 14 pinnate. Their length is a maximum of 35 cm.
Wisteria macrostachya grows up to 7 meters in the wild and can bloom three times in the summer, provided sufficient light and high temperatures are obtained.
2 Care
When growing wisteria at home, you need to follow some rules:
- 1. Soil. The plant loves fertile black soil or loamy soils. An important condition is the absence of stagnant water on the site. Many growers for growing a plant completely replace the planting site with fertile soil and drain the soil.
- 2nd place. Since the plant is quite thermophilic, the location should be open and sunny. Sunlight should fall on the flower at least 5-6 hours a day. Therefore, it is necessary to choose a site for planting taking into account this condition. Better if it is on the south or southeast side of the building. It is also necessary to take care of a reliable support for the climbing vines of the plant.
- 3. Time. If these are seeds, then they feel more comfortable in the greenhouse. Planted in November-December. And it is better to plant cuttings in the ground in the spring, they take root easier this way.
After planting, young cuttings must be mulch 10 cm above the neck. For this, peat or dry compost is used. The mulch lays down in an even layer and remains there until next year. In summer, it will protect from the sultry sun, and in winter, it will help protect the fragile root system from frost. One of the main tasks after planting is the correct watering: regular, but without excessive stagnation of moisture. The first time after moistening, it is necessary to regularly loosen the soil and fertilize with organic fertilizers. If the recommendations were followed in a timely manner, then the next year the seedling will delight you with bright and strong shoots.
Another important condition is pruning. After all, the number of flowers in the current year depends on its implementation. So, it should be trimmed regularly twice a year. Wisteria will bloom well if all annual growths are shortened in August so that the length remains up to 30 cm.And in the spring of next year, after flowering, the shoots are shortened more, leaving up to 10 cm of the length of the shoots. This process is not a big deal, but it must be carried out without fail, otherwise there will be no abundant flowering.
In different regions of the country, wisteria cultivation has different characteristics. In the Moscow region and the middle lane, care is not difficult, the main thing is to cover the plant well for the winter. In the Urals and Siberia, it must be borne in mind that delicate wisteria may not withstand severe frosts, so planting a plant in tubs would be a good option. For the winter, it is recommended to bring them indoors, on terraces, balconies. And with the first heat, take it out again.
Perennial plants for Siberia and the Urals
To make a beautiful and organic perennial flower bed, you will need a variety of flowers and plants. The multi-tiered flower beds look especially great, for the creation of which you will need ground cover, undersized, medium and tall perennials. But not all perennial plants and flowers are suitable for Siberia and the Urals, since frost resistance should be an absolutely mandatory characteristic.
Low-growing and ground cover perennials
It is almost impossible to do without ground cover and low-growing perennial plants when making the landscape design of your summer cottage. It is with their help that it is traditionally customary to decorate the edges of the lawn, the foreground in the flower beds, or to create live borders.
Low-growing perennials that challenge nature and are successfully grown in Siberia and the Urals include:
Crocuses
Pansies (viola)
Muscari
Scylla (Proleska)
Chionodox
Gentian
Primrose
Sedum
Tenacious
Thyme (thyme)
Pinnate carnation (Hungarian)
Carnation herbal
Marigold
Daisies
Broad-leaved bells
Oregano
Gypsophila
Lily of the valley
Enotera
Erantis
Saxifrage
Juniper horizontal
Hosta
Forget-me-nots
Siberian Kandyk
Medium and tall
Following the undersized, medium-sized perennials, which include both flowers and decorative deciduous plants, are usually planted in the background.
Medium and tall perennial plants suitable for planting in Siberia and the Urals include the following joyful crops:
Astilba
Alpine aster
Aquilegia
Adenofora (Bell)
Tulip
Snapdragon
Delphinium
Rudbeckia
Swimsuit (Hot)
Peonies (especially herbaceous)
the Rose
Chrysanthemum
Lupine
This perennial in Siberia or the Urals can bloom with great pleasure almost all summer.
Clematis
Monarda
Catnip
Bedstraw
Day-lily
Dicentra (broken heart)
Bearded iris
Iris net
Siberian iris
Yarrow
Lily of the valley (cage)
Veronica gray
Thus, thanks to the tireless work of breeders in recent years, both in Siberia and the Urals, it has become possible to compete with nature and grow excellent perennial flowers. It is noteworthy that it was now up to the novice summer resident too. However, this must be done by rationally selecting plants that are adapted to the most severe climatic conditions.
Video: perennials for Siberia and the Urals
