Viola after flowering
How and when to harvest viola seeds
Seeds are collected from dead plants in August-September. After the flowers wither, small boxes with seeds remain in their place.
A sign that the seeds are ready to be harvested is when the capsule turns upwards.
Seeds are removed from the cut boxes, dried in the room and sent to storage in the refrigerator. If the boxes with seeds are not removed, then abundant self-seeding may occur, and you will see fresh spontaneous seedlings either in the fall or next spring, but if they are thinned and planted in time, then you can grow viola on the site without labor costs for sowing and planting work.
In the photo: How viola blooms in the garden
Viola in winter
The current varieties of perennial violets, if covered with spruce branches or dry foliage, can withstand even severe frosts - down to -30 ºC. And annual viols are disposed of after wilting.
Pansies in landscape design
It is better to plant viola in large groups on the ridges, along the lawns or in large containers placed on the terrace, balcony - in such compositions they look the most beautiful. In spring, pansies grow well under the crowns of deciduous trees, which are leafless at this time. Multi-colored patches of tiny flowers form a beautiful rug. Ivan da Marya also looks great in compositions with spring bulbous flowers, even in tall ones. It is interesting to combine the flower with perennial and annual plants, herbs.
This plant is not really whimsical. Therefore, pests and diseases almost in rare cases interfere with the growing season, as well as the lush flowering of the crop. As a result, you can always enjoy the beauty of pansies.
Gardeners appreciated this fragile-looking, but unpretentious plant. Pansies have become popular in the design of city parks and home gardens. The first pansies, hybrids from crossing a tricolor violet with a horned one, were obtained in England. The Swedish botany professor Veit Wittrock has devoted many years to the study of this plant and has written a book about it. In his honor, pansies received a second name - Vittrock's violet. Their combination with early bulbous flowers is successful: viola replaces hyacinths and daffodils that have finished flowering. Following the recommendations of experienced florists will help to decorate a garden flower bed, vase, path, curb or balcony, get aesthetic pleasure and please with home colorful plants.
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Pansies care
For abundant and long-term flowering, one condition is required - regular watering. Flowers cannot stand drought.
Top dressing is applied every 10 days, starting from the 10th day after planting. Fertilizers "Kemira" or nitrophoska are used, alternating with a solution of bird droppings or mullein. Fresh manure must not be used!
The faded pansies are cut off, leaving shoots up to 5 cm long above the ground, so that in 2-3 weeks new shoots will form, and the next wave of flowering begins.
Pansies give self-seeding, so if you do not remove the set seed pods in a timely manner, they can crack, crumble and even shoot when they dry, finding themselves in an unexpected and possibly unnecessary place.
For the winter, pansies must be covered with mulch. It protects the roots from temperature variability in early spring. The layer of mulch should not completely cover the flowers, so that they do not "suffocate" in the spring. To protect against frost, make snow retention.
Collect the seeds of the pansies when the seed pods turn pale. Seed germination lasts 3 years.
Types of Pansies
Violet Wittrock can bloom in the garden for several years.It grows from fifteen to thirty centimeters in height and is characterized by a straight stem and a fibrous root system.
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The leaves are collected in a rosette at the roots or bloom on the stem in turn. Large flowers emerge from the axils of the leaves. Flowers are wavy, plain, double or corrugated. They can be solid or multi-colored.
Perennial horned violet has been grown in flower beds for many years. It does not lose its decorative properties. However, it depends on the variety whether the horned violet can survive the winter cold. Viola ampelous is an annual plant that reaches a height of twenty centimeters. The plant dissolves small flowers of various shades. The ampelous pansies bloom from the spring months to the onset of cold weather. This variety is widely used in landscaping to decorate plots.
Violet tricolor refers to early flowering species. She has won a special favor among gardeners. The tricolor viola is planted at different times, and this does not affect flowering.
The flower reaches a height of twenty to twenty-five centimeters. It is assembled from five monochromatic or mixed petals.
The tricolor violet is famous for its medicinal properties. It fights inflammation, has a diuretic and expectorant effect. This flower is widely used in folk medicine.
Viola Williams is a perennial variety, but it is generally grown for no longer than two years. It grows as a shrub and grows up to twenty centimeters. Plants are often planted closely to create a vibrant, vibrant carpet. The flowers are characterized by a delicate blue tint and small size.
Viola Sororia blooms early: flowers appear in May. It is a lush bush with abundant flowering. Heart-shaped leaves are located at the roots. Florists especially love this variety for abundant self-seeding.
Viola fragrant is widespread in the west of Russia. It belongs to perennial crops. The plant has been grown for about five hundred years. It is distinguished by almost round leaves and flowers of various shades: snow-white, red, purple. This variety is often used for garden decoration.
How to care for seedlings?
After the emergence of young shoots, it is time for regular care. It implies compliance with the rules of watering, maintaining the correct temperature and humidity, timely fertilization and taking into account the necessary illumination. Consider the main nuances of creating comfortable conditions for pansies.
Watering and loosening
The seedlings react to the correctness and amount of watering. Water should not be allowed to stagnate in containers, it is also unacceptable for the soil to dry out. And in fact, and in another case, the seedlings will die. If you did not water the plant on time, you should not try to fill the moisture deficit with a large volume.
The plant itself is very delicate and fragile, you do not need to pour water, but spray the soil from a spray bottle. This rule should be especially remembered during the growing season. Watering pansies should be dosed, but regularly, not forgetting that they react to any touch. Before watering, water from the water supply system must be defended or filtered in order to get rid of heavy metal salts and other harmful impurities.
Lighting and temperature control
Until the plant has gained strength, it must be protected from direct sunlight. However, you do not need to hide it from the light - it should be sufficient, but diffused. The plant is light-requiring and needs long-term illumination. Given the insufficient length of daylight hours, in the first month of growth, it is necessary to provide it with auxiliary lighting.
Phytolamps can be used to compensate for the deficit in sunlight.As for the temperature for optimal growth and development, +25 degrees is quite enough. If the temperature rises, it will affect flowering and stunted growth.
Top dressing
Fertilization is an important nuance of care, because without them, soil depletion will occur. Regardless of whether a small, large-flowered or gigantic variety is chosen, the plant needs additional nutrition. It is believed that top dressing should be applied at least twice a season. At the same time, the key fertilization is performed in that phase of active development when the tricolor violet is picking up buds. For this, you can use the drug "Agricola".
Next time, it is advisable to feed the soil during flowering. As for the composition of the fertilizer, it is desirable that it contains potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus and other trace elements. To grow high-quality and strong seedlings, you can feed them with superphosphate or nitrate. When the soil is dry, you need compost or humus. You cannot fertilize the ground near the plant with fresh manure, this is strictly prohibited. You can not fertilize the soil during the dormant period, when the plant needs rest.
When breeding cultivated plants, any grower wants to achieve abundant and long-lasting flowering. Extend flowering pansies can, if you regularly and in a timely manner to rid the plant of wilted flowers, otherwise the seeds will immediately set in them. To form a healthy plant, it is necessary to pinch long and unsuccessful shoots in time. We must not forget to feed the flower, otherwise it will begin to dry for no apparent reason.
When to sow Viola for seedlings in 2020 according to the lunar calendar?
The seedling method is one of the more reliable methods. Sow in February during the lunar phase change. Observing celestial phenomena is not difficult, since the beginning of the month falls on the appearance of the young moon. Such a calendar can provide all the necessary recommendations for sowing. According to biologists, with the growing moon, the energy of the seedlings, which is in the roots, rises up. Therefore, it is advised to embed grains on full moons.
Lunar calendar for 2020
Favorable days for sowing
- New 2020 according to the lunar calendar (when a thin crescent of the moon is noticed in the sky) is considered an auspicious time, and then sowing can begin in February: 2, 3, 6. 7, 24, 25.
- If sowing has not been done on the last calendar days of the winter month, then it can be postponed to the 2nd - 3rd day and until half of March.
- For sowing in May, suitable days are: 3, 4, 5, 6, 25, 26, 30.
- Possible sowing in August. To do this, choose the following days: 1, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28 30.
Bad days
According to the lunar calendar, flower growers can solve practical problems, what day, and what is useful or harmful to do when growing. The "extreme" days of the lunar phase are especially unpleasant due to its increased activity. Do not forget that it is better not to start important landings on the killing moon.
It is not advisable to engage in sowing 9, 10, 22, 23 in February.
Pansy flower plant description
This perennial crop (although we habitually grow it as an annual) also has several more names - these are violets and viola.
An ornamental plant has been quite popular for quite a long time and today the varieties of pansies reach several hundred, and the types of culture - up to four hundred.
There are large-flowered and multi-flowered, gigantic, semi-double and terry, single, potted, ampelous, vat species of pansies.
The plant is not tall, reaching a height of up to 40 centimeters. The color of the buds is very diverse, like the size and shape of the leaves.
With proper flower care and in good weather, the plant develops quite quickly and is capable of blooming already in the first autumn after sowing.
Most often these are those varieties in which the diameter of the buds is about seven centimeters and usually with a monochromatic color of the buds.Viola blooms depending on the time of sowing seeds and lasts a long time - literally all summer.
Landing in open ground: terms and rules
Transplanting seedlings to a permanent place is the most important stage in growing a tricolor violet from seeds. Disembarkation dates are mid to late May. The main thing is that it is warm outside and there is no risk of recurrent frosts. Planting in a flower garden is not at all difficult, especially if you know all the subtleties of the procedure. Consider the basic rules and features of planting pansies seedlings in open ground.
Seedling preparation
If you properly prepare viola seedlings, then it will take root faster and adapt to a new place. Seedling preparation includes feeding and hardening.
Before planting in open ground, you need to feed the seedlings of pansies in about 2 weeks. For example, you can use liquid vermicompost as fertilizer.
Hardening is done two weeks before disembarkation
It is very important to do this gradually. In the first 2-3 days it is recommended to open the window
Then for 3-4 days the viola should be exposed on the glassed-in balcony, gradually increasing the time (for example, on the first day by 2 hours, then 5 hours, and then by 6-7).
The second week of hardening is done outside. On the first day, you need to take out the plants for half an hour and put them in the shade. Then, every day, slightly increase the time and gradually rearrange it to partial shade (not under the sun to protect from burns). On the eve of transplanting to a permanent place, the seedlings should stand outside all day.
Seat selection
The choice of a place for planting seedlings should be given special attention. The tricolor violet loves the sun, but the sun can harm it - the leaves will fade, the flowers become smaller
Therefore, you should definitely plant in a sunny place in the garden, which will have shade for several hours a day, in the very sunshine.
Or plant in partial shade, such as under a tree or bush. If planted in a too shady place, the flowering can be inconspicuous.
The soil on the site should be nutritious, loose, breathable and well-drained. By the way, experienced florists, who have been growing pansies from seeds for several years, advise to dig up a plot with crushed charcoal and humus in about a month before planting.
If the soil on your site can be characterized as heavy and clayey, then before planting seedlings, it is recommended to dig it up with sand, peat and add a complex mineral fertilizer (for example, nitroammofoska).
Landing technology
The scheme for planting viola seedlings in open ground is very simple:
- Make the holes slightly larger than the earthen ball. The distance between the holes is 20-25 centimeters.
- It is recommended to add a little vermicompost to each hole and mix it slightly with the soil in the planting hole.
- Transplant seedlings using the transhipment method.
- Cover the hole with earth and compact carefully.
- Water and mulch.
Flower care
After planting in a permanent place in a flower garden, you need to provide pansies with full-fledged care, which will help them adapt faster and bloom beautifully. You need to look after as follows:
- Tricolor violet loves soil moisture, but does not tolerate moisture stagnation. Do not allow it to dry out, but remember that waterlogging is dangerous due to decay of the roots and death of the viola, so water sparingly. The soil should always be moderately moist.
- Loosen the soil each time after watering (if the bed is not mulched).
- Avoid overgrowth of weeds that will negatively affect plant growth.
- Mulch after watering. It will protect the flower bed from the growth of weeds and will maintain an optimal level of moisture.
- For normal growth and lush flowering, plants can be fed. Use complex mineral fertilizers, for example, Agricola, Fertika Lux.
- It is recommended to cut off faded peduncles, this will help the plants to bloom more abundantly.
- When the tricolor violet has faded, you should cut it off, leaving somewhere about five centimeters.
Growing viola from seeds at home is not difficult, but it requires your attention and time. However, the result in the form of beautiful flowering will make you forget about all the troubles and worries.
