How to grow spirea in Siberia: features and recommendations

How to grow a shrub?

Shrub cultivation is not difficult. The success of a plant's development depends on the correct preparatory work and the implementation of the planting procedure. Correct fit is the key to success.

Therefore, it is important to buy high-quality seedlings, choose a place

The choice of planting material

An important point is the acquisition of healthy planting material that meets all quality requirements, as well as the choice of exactly those species that are suitable for a given region. Spirea is recognized as a hardy and frost-resistant shrub, so almost all varieties are able to adapt in Siberia.

Primary requirements:

• recommended to purchase at specialized points of sale;
• a visual inspection of the bush is important: during spring planting, there should be no swollen buds or emerging leaves, and during autumn planting, the shrub must shed its foliage;
• view the roots (if they are open): the roots should be firm, without signs of mold, small damage increases the chance of infection;
• when buying shrubs in containers, the spirea sits down at any time.

Soil preparation and site

The selection of the most favorable site and the preparation of the soil that meets the requirements is the key to the full development of the shrub.

Despite the fact that the plant is considered unpretentious, it is necessary to create conditions for quick adaptation and abundant flowering. Accordingly, it is recommended to choose a sunny area, planting in a shaded place reduces the decorative qualities of the shrub. It is undesirable to plant in lowlands, especially where moisture and cold accumulate.

The culture has a sufficiently developed root system, therefore, it is undesirable to plant next to fruit bushes and trees. Spiraea needs a light, enriched soil that is easily permeable to oxygen

When planting in spring, it is important to prepare the soil in the fall, apply the necessary fertilizers

How to plant?

Spirea is a rather unpretentious plant, so planting should not cause significant difficulties. There are several options for shrub propagation: by seeds, cuttings, using layering and separation of bushes. Only non-hybrid plants can be propagated with seeds, as hybrids do not produce seeds. The simplest method is cuttings, since it has a high chance of rooting, and young shoots from cuttings can be planted in their future growing area as early as the next season.

Timing

The timing of planting spirea completely depends on the flowering time of the selected shrub variety. If the variety blooms in the spring, then it should be planted in the fall. Summer flowering spiraea species are planted in early spring, before the first foliage appears.

Seat selection

The best option for planting a spirea is a sunny upland, since there can be high humidity in the lowlands, and in the shade it is quite difficult to achieve a lush flowering of the shrub. The spirea has a rather extensive root system, so you should not plant it near fruit-bearing plants, as it often releases layering. The soil is preferable to be loose, good oxygen permeability. In the presence of clay in the soil, it is necessary to arrange a drainage system. If the shrub will be planted in winter, then fertilizer should be applied to the soil in the fall. Both mineral store and organic natural are suitable.

Landing scheme

• The preparation of the holes should be started a few days before planting, so that the earth has time to settle. Pits are dug a little more than half a meter deep, or about 1/3 of the volume of the root system. The distance between the pits must be respected.To grow a hedge, you can leave only 30 cm between the bushes, and for free-standing plants you need at least 70 cm.
• To ensure the drainage effect, the bottom of the pit must be covered with fragments of brick, expanded clay, or pieces of rubble.
• To plant a purchased seedling with an open root system, its roots must be lowered for a while in a container of water. If the seedling is in the ground, then it should be well watered.
• Before planting, it is customary for seedlings to trim shoots and shorten unnecessarily long roots a little.
• Part of the soil from the pit is mixed with mineral or organic fertilizer and fills the bottom of the pit.
• The seedling is placed in a hole and covered with the remaining soil. The soil around the bush must be compacted in the form of a small mound.
• Peat or needles for mulching need to be poured over the soil around the seedling.

Rules for caring for a growing shrub

Growing spirits requires careful attention to soil moisture, periodic fertilization, annual sanitary and, if necessary, formative pruning.

All types of spirea are quite drought-resistant, but due to the close occurrence of the roots to the surface, they can dry out. In long hot periods, the bushes need watering once every two weeks. Tall representatives need up to 1.5 buckets of water per watering, undersized representatives need 8-10 liters. In the future, gardeners are limited to rare watering. Regular hydration is required only for young plantings. They are watered 2-3 times a month, 15 liters per plant.

Gold Princesses

To keep the soil moist and loose for as long as possible, mulch the soil. The layer is laid from peat, sawdust or pine bark 6-8 cm thick. Mulch not only protects the root system from overheating, but also reduces the frequency of moisture.

Periodic loosening of the soil is necessary for free access of oxygen to the roots. For comfortable growth of the bush, all weeds around it are removed as they appear.

Nutrients for growth and flowering

Regular feeding is essential for long and effective flowering. In the spring, a nitrogen fertilizer or mineral complex is applied for an early flowering species. At the beginning of summer, feeding with the complex is repeated. Along with mineral fertilizers, organic matter is used, for example, mullein solution. To enhance the effect, superphosphate is added to the solution (about one matchbox per bucket of liquid).

By the end of August, fertilizer is applied with potassium and phosphorus, so that the plant begins to prepare for winter. Nitrogen fertilizers applied closer to autumn will harm, since nitrogen provokes an increase in green mass. This is dangerous for the plant, since all young shoots will freeze with the arrival of cold weather.

Humus as a top dressing

How to trim spirea?

Sanitary pruning of all varieties occurs in the spring. Spring-flowering varieties bloom on last year's shoots. The buds on them are distributed evenly along the entire length. Therefore, with the onset of spring, only damaged branches are shortened and removed. Old and weak stems are removed every 3 years in the spring. In summer, all faded inflorescences must be cut off. This will redistribute the strength of the plant from seed formation to continued flowering.

Summer flowering representatives form buds on the shoots of the new season. The pruning rules will be slightly different:

1. In the spring, each shoot is shortened by 1/2 to powerful buds. The larger the pruning, the more the shrub will grow by summer.
2. Weak and thin branches can be removed completely so that the plant concentrates all its strength on flowering strong shoots. Trimming will provide even coverage of the entire bush.
3. Once every 3 years, the plant is rejuvenated by cutting off old stems into a stump.
4. Weak and diseased branches can be removed throughout the season.

Video with recommendations for pruning summer varieties.

Preparing for winter

Before sheltering young seedlings for the winter, experienced gardeners recommend preventive treatment against dangerous pests, which include blue meadowsweet sawfly, beet aphid, and kidney gall midge. Treatment with chlorophos helps to get rid of the sawfly, from beet aphids - infusion of capsicum, from gall midge - metophos, chlorophos.

Young plants planted in autumn should be immediately protected from frost by building a shelter over them. Low-growing varieties successfully overwinter under snow, but taller bushes may need the help of a gardener. If the variety does not differ in hardiness (for example, Japanese spirea) or is planted in a cold region, it must be prepared annually for wintering. You will have to tie the branches, bend them to the ground and fix them with pegs, then cover them with dry leaves.

Planting spirea on the site is a groundwork for many years. An ornamental shrub will provide protection from prying eyes, wind and dust, and graceful white, pink or red blooms will transform the site every year.

Cardiology and modern cardiovascular surgery

Many heart diseases can only be cured through surgery. Therefore, such a direction of cardiology as cardiovascular surgery has appeared and is actively developing. The field of activity of specialists in this field requires high professionalism from them. Every day, vascular surgeons save the lives of many people, including children. You need to be physically fit and have a strong nervous system to perform an operation lasting several hours.

In what cases the help of a cardiovascular surgeon is required:

• with a weak effect of a conservative method of treatment;
• in the case of an advanced stage of the disease;
• when there is a need to mechanically eliminate the causes of cardiovascular anomalies.

Examples of pathologies that are treated surgically:

ischemic heart disease and concomitant conditions (stenosis of the coronary arteries, angina pectoris, cardiac tamponade, arrhythmia, acute mitral valve insufficiency, myocardial infarction with complications);

• heart failure;
• aortic aneurysm;
• heart valve disease of any etiology;
• endocarditis of an infectious nature;
• pulmonary hypertension;
• pulmonary embolism;
• effusion in the pericardial cavity;
• varicocele;
• Raynaud's syndrome;
• encephalopathy;
• varicose veins.

Some types of surgical treatment:

• bypass grafting;
• installation of valve prostheses;
• elimination of the aneurysm;
• balloon angioplasty;
• implantation of a pacemaker;
• stenting of large vessels;
• correction of congenital defects;
• heart transplant.

Growing features

Growing this shrub is not difficult. If we talk about the features of planting and subsequent care of the plant, then the following can be noted.

• Spirea prefers sod or leafy soil. Preparing the soil for planting is not difficult. It is best to plant the plants in specially prepared fertile soil, which is prepared from two parts of the earth and one part of peat and sand.
• A drainage layer is poured into the bottom of the planting pit.
• Planting depth should not exceed 50 centimeters.
• The root collar is always located above the ground.
• It is best to land in the rain or cloudy weather.
• The best neighbors for this ornamental shrub will be thuja, spruce and juniper.

Correct fit

You can plant a shrub in open ground in spring or autumn. If you are doing this work in the spring, then planting must be done before the leaves begin to bloom. When buying seedlings, you should inspect the condition of the root system, which should not be damaged, and the roots should not look overdried.

In the fall, this plant is planted even before the leaf fall is complete.Spirea after transplantation does not tolerate cold well, so it is best to mulch the bush with sawdust, peat and cover with thermal insulation materials. Also, in the fall, before the end of the leaf fall, you can divide the mother bush for plant propagation. With proper division, the plant quickly grows and gains green mass in the spring.

It is best to choose a site for planting spirea that is well-lit by the sun and protected from the wind. The soil must be fertile, therefore it is recommended to additionally feed it with rotted manure or use a fertile soil mixture. When choosing a site for planting this ornamental shrub, remember that the spirea grows rapidly, increasing the area occupied by the plant.

Care advice

They are undemanding plants that thrive in fertile, loose soil with good drainage and bright sunlight. Do not forget to also regularly mulch the soil with a seven-centimeter layer of peat or sawdust.

Spirea does not tolerate drought well, therefore it needs moderate and even frequent watering. It is recommended to do this watering twice a month, and about 15 liters of water should go to an adult bush. Weeding and loosening of the soil will definitely be required, especially after watering the plant. Mineral dressing will speed up the growth of the shrub and make the flowering as decorative as possible. In the middle of summer, it is recommended to feed the bush with a mullein solution with a small addition of superphosphate. In autumn and spring, complex mineral fertilizers can be applied.

Various insect pests, including spider mites and aphids, can deliver certain troubles. To combat these pests, plantings should be treated with Pirimor, and the mite is fought with karbofos. Both preventive treatments and direct spraying of shrubs when they are affected by pests can be performed.

To form the correct growth and provide decorativeness, the shrub will need annual pruning. Spirea, pruning in the fall of which is not particularly difficult, quickly recovers after such procedures and subsequently restores the splendor of the bush. You will need to carry out a sanitary pruning of plants in the spring, removing the shoots that have frozen over the winter. Old branches, which are already 3-5 years old, should be cut almost to the very stump. 5-6 large shoots are left on the shrub, and all the remaining old branches and young shoots are cut off, after which the plant will actively grow the green mass, which will form the correct crown.

Reproduction methods

It is possible to propagate a shrub independently in several ways: by layering, cuttings, seeds. These techniques are applicable to many garden shrubs. For beginners, it is advisable to choose simple methods.

Stem retraction method

Reproduction scheme by layering

Following the step-by-step instructions, you can easily get fresh spiraea shoots in the fall. The mechanism of action is the simplest and gives excellent results.

1

On an old bush, 2-3 years old, a young shoot with blossoming leaves is chosen. It is most convenient to use the extreme branches.

2

With a sharp knife, lightly scratch the stick in the place where it touches the ground if you tilt it strongly.

3

The shoot is bent to the ground and placed in a prepared gutter.

4

The trench is dug shallowly - by 20 - 30 cm. The soil is slightly loosened and well watered.

5

Fix the branch with a wire brace and sprinkle it with earth.

6

Throughout the spring and summer, remember to water and fertilize the gutter.

In the fall, a strong seedling will grow in this place, which is separated from the mother tree and transplanted. The longer the branch was, the more young bushes are obtained from it. In order not to injure the young root system, shoots are sometimes left until spring.

Cutting method

This method is more complicated than the previous one.The laboriousness lies in long-term control and continuous care of the cuttings. When cuttings, a perfect copy of the parent shrub is obtained.

Spirea cuttings

In early-flowering varieties of spirea, cuttings are cut in the first days of summer. In late flowering - at the end of June. Choose a branch among young annual shoots, half lignified.

1

A half green branch is cut into sticks with 5 leaves.

2

The lower end is freed from the leaves, the rest are simply cut to half.

3

Prepare a container with a biological growth stimulant - epin.

4

Bars are placed in the epin, with the lower cut to the bottom of the container - for 10-12 hours.

5

The lower cut is treated with a rooting stimulator or a phytohormone of a powdery structure.

6

Prepare a box or container with fertile soil mixed with sand.

7

Cuttings are planted, watered.

8

Cover each branch with a glass jar or place the entire container under a plastic wrap.

9

Install it in the openwork shade in the fresh air. The area under the crown of a tall tree is well suited.

10

Throughout the summer, the soil in the box is constantly monitored, it must be moist. Drying is not allowed. Each stalk is sprayed with water 2-3 times a day.

11

With the onset of autumn, before the cold weather, the box is dug into the ground. Mulch with dry leaves, cover with a wooden box.

12

In the spring, after the snow melts, the box is removed.

13

As soon as the young shoots grow, each plant is ready for transplantation.

Seed method

The most rarely used method. The main disadvantages are the laboriousness of collecting seeds, low germination, as well as a long waiting period for flowers to ripen: at least 3 years.

Spirea seeds

1

The seed bolls are awaited.

2

Their readiness is evidenced by their brown color.

3

Seeds are harvested and removed prior to opening. They ripen in a warm room for about 2 more weeks.

4

They are sown in early spring, like ordinary seedlings, under a film.

5

Standard care: watering, mineral fertilizers, loosening the soil.

6

Towards the end of summer, when 2 true leaves grow on the shoots, the seedlings dive into the ground.

7

For the period of the cold months of winter, the shoots are wrapped in spruce branches, leaves, then snow.

8

Next spring they are seated in the right places.

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Flower care

Requirements for crop care are minimal:

Stable watering is necessary, although the plant is recognized as drought tolerant. For a month, spirea should receive 12-16 liters of liquid. In hot weather, watering is carried out every 14-16 days, it should be abundant, especially for newly planted ones.
After watering, the soil must be loosened to prevent crust formation.

Loosening is carried out carefully and shallowly so as not to injure the roots.
Periodically, it is required to put a layer of mulch in order to retain moisture, create a microclimate.

Nutrients for growth and flowering

For abundant fruiting, it is important to apply fertilizers in a timely manner. In spring, nitrogen-containing preparations or organic matter are introduced

At the beginning of summer, the shrub must be fed with a complex of mineral preparations. At the end of summer, enrich the soil with phosphorus-potassium preparations.

How to trim spirea?

Sanitary pruning of the shrub is carried out in the spring, all weakened shoots that have damage are removed. For spring flowering crops, only the tops should be trimmed. In the later ones, all branches are shortened by 1/3. In bushes of seven years of age, it is recommended to perform anti-aging pruning: remove all branches, leaving 6-7 young ones.

Shelter for the winter

The plant is considered hardy, but still needs shelter. The branches must be tied and bent to the ground, sprinkled with foliage, needles.

Types and varieties of summer-flowering spirits

In such plants, buds are formed exclusively on young shoots, and the next season they dry out.The shrub itself is considered durable, it grows actively over the years with proper care.

Japanese spirea

The bush of this plant is rather miniature - its average height is about 150 centimeters. The leaves are green-blue in color. The flowers of this spirea are pink, differing in shades depending on the variety. Japanese spirea blooms throughout the summer months.

Table 2. Varieties of Japanese spirea

White spirea

The most popular variety of spirea, which has been cultivated since the end of the 18th century. The bush is quite tall - it grows more than one and a half meters. The flowers are white, they are combined into paniculate inflorescences. Active flowering is observed closer to mid-July.

Variety of white spirea

Spirea Bumald

The plant is hybrid - it was obtained by crossing Japanese and white spirea. Its height is average, usually up to a meter. The color of foliage and inflorescences differs depending on the variety.

Blooming spirea "Bumalda"

Table 3. Spirea Bumald: main varieties

Willow spirea

Most often, this type of shrub plant is found near lakes and rivers, willingly willow spirea grows in moist soil. The branches grow in length by 180-190 centimeters. The flowers of such a plant are usually yellowish, the inflorescences are panicle-like.

Spiraea of ​​this type is resistant to frost, so it is preferred to plant it in Siberian regions.

Inflorescences of willow spirea

How to care for spirea?

We mentioned that spireas do not belong to capricious plants, but she still has certain requirements. Yes, the shrub will not die with minimal maintenance, but if the gardener expects to observe the rich flowering of spirits, he should make some effort.

Moisturizing

Abundant watering is required for seedlings after planting in the soil and for all young shrubs, especially in the hot season. Severe drying out of the soil is fraught with the rapid death of the plant.

Non-flowering bushes can be spilled directly over foliage

Weeding and mulching

The roots of young plants are rather weak, so weeds should be regularly removed around them. In addition, it is required to constantly loosen the ground near the bushes to ensure oxygen penetration. Also, the soil in which the spirea grows is mulched with peat to a depth of 7 centimeters around the planting site - this allows you to better maintain moisture.

Peat mulching

Fertilizers

Abundant flowering of spirea can be achieved by feeding the plant with potash and phosphorus fertilizers. Usually, such procedures are carried out in early spring for early-flowering spirits, for summer varieties, additional feeding is needed in mid-July.

How to trim a spirea

Pruning spirea after flowering is one of the essential components of caring for it. This pruning helps to achieve the following results:

• gives the plant the opportunity to overwinter without problems and preserve flower buds;
• stimulates further flowering;
• makes the bush lush and spreading;
• helps to give the spirea the desired shape.

At the same time, pruning, its timing and quality, depends not only on the results that you intend to achieve, but also on the type of spirea that is growing in you.

Immediately, we note that the spirea lashes are short-lived and after two to three years they begin to dry. Not only do dry shoots give the bushes an unkempt look, they do not allow new branches to grow and form. As a result, the spirea looks sloppy, uneven, and even does not bloom as beautifully as it could. Therefore, pruning the spirea is an indispensable element of care. Pruning the spirea after flowering.

Pruning early flowering spirea

Those bushes that bloom in spring and early summer are usually cut off immediately after flowering. Such varieties quickly grow shoots that stretch in different directions, and they definitely need pruning to form a crown. Otherwise, after a year or two, the bushes will be completely shapeless.

It is necessary to cut off the shoots of such varieties by about one third, otherwise the flowering next year will be less decorative. At the same time, it is necessary to cut off the spirea in the fall, and to limit the eternal one to the removal of dry, broken from the wind and frozen shoots. Such varieties do not need to be cut too short.

But early flowering spireas can be given any shape, depending on your imagination. Spireas, trimmed in the form of geometric shapes or figures of animals, look very beautiful.

Pruning spirea that blooms in summer

It is customary to cut these spireas in the fall, when preparing the spireas for winter, and you can cut them quite hard, this will only benefit the shrub. These varieties are pruned in the fall and spring, after the plant has emerged from hibernation.

You need to cut such a spirea short enough, and remove not only completely dry shoots, but also shoots that begin to grow from the root and interfere with the shrub development.

At the same time, pruning can be combined with dividing an overgrown bush when you need to plant it or simply rejuvenate it. These works should be done in early autumn, and you need to choose a cloudy day so that the planted parts of the bush do not burn out in the sun.

The landing site must be prepared in advance. At the same time, we must not forget that spireas should not be planted too close to each other, given the rapid growth of green mass.

In addition, when pruning, it is easy to get planting material - the very cuttings with which the spirea is easily propagated. Cuttings are easy to root, and you can just plant them in pots for the winter and moisten them, waiting for green leaves to appear on them. In the spring, such cuttings can be planted on the site, choosing a suitable sunny or very slightly shaded place for them.

In addition, anti-aging pruning is indicated for spirea. With this pruning, an old bush (that is, one that has been growing for more than ten years, or even longer) is pruned in such a way as to remove the stems almost completely. Small stumps remain from the spirea, which quickly begin to release new growth.

At the same time, keep in mind that in the spring only those varieties of spirea are planted that bloom in summer, that is, late-flowering varieties. But in the fall, you can plant those spireas that bloom in the spring, and those that postpone their flowering for the summer.Both the first and second varieties take root perfectly in the fall and make luxurious ornamental bushes from them.

If the spirea, despite all your efforts, gives little growth and almost does not bloom, it is time to uproot the bush and plant another in its place. This behavior of the bush means that the root system is damaged, and the ornamental bush will no longer be.

After pruning the spirea, it is advisable to mulch with dry foliage, sawdust or peat, this will help the bush to recover faster. Do not neglect this condition, since the spirea responds to this kind of manipulation with abundant flowering.

How to plant?

The technology of planting spirea in Siberia is not particularly difficult for gardeners, however, it is accompanied by a number of rules, the observance of which is a guarantee of the plant survival and its further qualitative development.

Preparation of planting material

The key to a strong, healthy spirea is fresh and high-quality planting material, which must be properly prepared just before planting.

When choosing a seedling, experts advise paying attention to:

1. Roots. The root processes must be strong, elastic, healthy, without dry, damaged, sore spots, traces of rot or fungal diseases.
2. Shoots. The branches should be flexible, healthy, without foliage, with "live", but not swollen buds.

The best option is to buy seedlings in containers that can be planted on the site at any time.

Before planting a plant in open ground, you need to prepare it:

• shorten too long root processes, cut dry and lifeless;
• shorten the ground part by 1/3 of the length of the shoot;
• immediately before planting, treat the roots with a clay mash.

Important! It is difficult for a non-professional to distinguish the grade of spirea, therefore, the purchase of planting material must be made in specialized nurseries or from trusted distributors. If the earthen lump on the roots has hardened, experts advise to soak it in cool water a few hours before planting

If the earthen lump on the roots has hardened, experts advise to soak it in cool water a few hours before planting.

Choosing a landing site

Particular attention should be paid to choosing the optimal place for the spirea. It belongs to light-loving plants, therefore it prefers to grow in well-lit, sunny areas, protected from cold winds and drafts.

An ideal option would be an elevated place with a groundwater table of at least 1.5 m.

The land for cultivation should be light, nutritious, and allow water and air to pass through well. When carrying out planting work in the spring, a pit for seedlings is prepared in the fall, while the soil is fertilized with organic means or complex mineral preparations.

Stages

In Siberia, Japanese spirea seedlings can be planted in open ground both in spring and autumn, depending on the period in which the plant blooms. For early flowering, the end of August - early September is suitable, for late flowering - April-May.

The planting material planting technology is carried out in several stages:

• dig a depression at least 50 × 50 cm in size;
• part of the removed soil is mixed with one part of sand, one part of peat and two parts of leafy earth;
• the bottom of the recess is lined with a layer of expanded clay or broken brick drainage;
• from above, the drainage tier is covered with fertile soil;
• a seedling is lowered into the pit, the root processes are carefully straightened;
• the plant is covered with soil so that the root neck remains on the surface by 4–6 cm;
• a ditch is formed around the trunk circle, into which settled water is poured;
• when the moisture is absorbed, the circle is sprinkled with soil, mulched with peat.

When planting several specimens, the distance between them should be at least 0.5 m, between rows - 0.4 m.