What types of cherry blossoms grow in our gardens?
Many of our compatriots, tempted by sakura blossoms, are eager to settle such beauty in their plots. Is this possible, and for which regions are different types of cherry blossoms suitable?
It turns out that our gardeners have long been familiar with some of its varieties. So, on the territory of the former USSR, at the beginning of the XX century, finely sawed cherry was "registered". A large collection of plants was brought from Japan to the Adler arboretum "Southern Cultures" back in 1936. And now this type of sakura can be found on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus, in the Crimea (Nikitsky Botanical Garden), in the Krasnodar Territory, in the Stavropol Territory and on Sakhalin.
She successfully winters in Kiev, Lvov, Transcarpathia, as well as on the territory of Moldova. There have been attempts to grow finely sawed cherries in St. Petersburg, Estonia and Latvia, but the climate of northern latitudes is not very suitable for it.
Small-sawed cherry is a fast-growing species that can reach up to 8-10 m in height. The tree is prized for its unusual glossy bark and bright pink inflorescences that completely cover the branches during flowering. The crown of this cherry is funnel-shaped; to give it a beautiful shape, new growth is shortened annually on young trees. It is better to plant finely sawed cherries in sunny, wind-protected areas with fertile soil.
Now there are decorative forms of finely sawed cherries, which are of particular interest to gardeners. Among them, there are varieties with white or pink double flowers, as well as plants with weeping branches.
Many decorative forms of sakura belong to the sharply serrated cherry species. On the basis of this type, foreign breeders have bred a number of double varieties, such as:
- Kwanzan - with dense double flowers of intense purple hue.
- Amonogawa - with semi-double, pale pink inflorescences.
- Shirofugen - with white semi-double flowers, which turn pink by the end of flowering.
Unfortunately, in central Russia, only non-double forms of this species winter well, the rest are recommended for growing in containers.
Glandular cherry is a small, multi-stemmed shrub that reaches a height of 0.5 to 1.6 m. The flowers are pink, by the end of flowering they become almost white, do not fall off within 2 weeks. In the wild, ferruginous cherries live up to a hundred years. Although the homeland of this plant is China, Korea and the southern part of Primorye, it has adapted well to the climate of many regions of Russia.
Among gardeners, decorative forms of this species are famous - the varieties Alba Plena and Rosea Plena. They are often called terry cherry, or northern sakura. The main advantage of terry varieties is their luxurious flowering, which begins in May and lasts more than three weeks.
These ornamental cherries are fast-growing shrubs with a height of 1.2-1.5 m, with a rounded crown. The branches are flexible, reddish-brown in color, diverge from the center in different directions. Such plants look great against the background of the lawn, near the water, in rockeries and rock gardens next to stones.
Short-bristled cherry is a slow-growing tree with a weeping crown up to 5 m in diameter. It blooms very profusely in April-May, before the leaves appear. The flowers are simple, pink in color, their diameter is about 2 cm. This type of sakura is quite frost-resistant, withstands frosts down to -29 ° C, but for a short time. Prefers sunny areas, but can grow in light shade.
Plants look beautiful both in single and in group plantings. It is recommended to plant short-bristled cherries in places protected from the wind and make a shelter for the winter.
Sharp-serrated cherry (Cerasus serrulata). Evan Chak Glandular cherry (Prunus glandulosa). Chien Hung Short-bristled cherry (Prunus subhirtella). Anita gould
Reproduction
Maple reproduces well by seeds. The landing process was discussed above, but here we will consider stratification. The first method is to collect seeds from the mother tree and sow them in the seedling bed in the fall. In winter, natural processes will take place, and in spring the seeds will sprout.
The second method is artificial. Peat moss, sand and vermiculite are introduced into a tight plastic bag with a fastener. Add some water. Then about 30 healthy seeds are packed in bags (manipulations are performed with sterile gloves). Each bag is gently smoothed to remove air.
The packages are stored in the refrigerator at a temperature not lower than +1 and not higher than +5. Most maple seeds only need 3 or 4 months of age. If everything went well and the seeds have sprouted, they can be planted in the ground.
Red maple can be propagated by cuttings, but the rooting rate is low. The season for cuttings is the beginning of autumn. Shoots 25 cm long are cut at an angle, leaving a couple of leaves on them, then kept in a special solution ("Heteroauxin" and others) for 24 hours for root growth.
The cuttings are planted in light and moist soil: the ratio of soil, peat and sand is 2: 1: 1 or 3: 2: 1. In the spring, they are transplanted into fresh soil.
Another way to reproduce is by vaccination. A stalk or bud is grafted onto a stock of the same species. The best time is spring and early summer.
Reproduction
This ornamental plant is bred by layering, cuttings and grafting. Reproduction in the first way is the simplest, it makes it possible to grow a strong seedling with a well-formed root system, fully prepared for planting. In the spring, near the lilac bush, you need to make a small furrow, bend a branch to it and sprinkle it with earth, leaving only a few shoot ovaries at the top. Already in the fall, you will receive a young seedling that can be replanted next year.
Cutting is a more complicated method, since the shoots do not take root well, so everything must be done with special care. Cuttings are cut when the bush is in bloom, annual stems are selected with 2-3 nodes. Cuttings and soil should be disinfected with special disinfectants and left to root in boxes for two months, covered with foil or cut plastic bottles. They are planted in the open ground in the spring.
Propagation by grafting is fairly common, although these seedlings are sensitive to cold. The stock is used with ordinary or Hungarian lilacs, this manipulation is carried out in the spring, although the cuttings are cut in February and stored in the refrigerator. Before budding, all branches are cut off at the stock, leaving only 15-20 cm, the root processes are removed and watered generously for several days. The stem of the stock is split with a special knife, then a wedge-sharpened shoot of Chinese lilac is inserted there. The vaccination site is fixed with tape, the damage is treated with garden varnish, and everything is wrapped in a bag, which is removed when the buds swell on the scion.
It will not be difficult to grow such an ornamental shrub on your site, you just need to take into account some of the nuances of caring for it. And then you can fully enjoy the fragrance and beautiful flowers of the extraordinary Chinese lilac.
For information on how to plant lilacs correctly, see the next video.
Description, characteristics of the variety with a photo
The apple tree is frost-resistant. With a long and cold winter, the buds freeze slightly. Drought and gusty winds do not harm the tree. The apple tree easily adapts to gas pollution, air dustiness and soil salinity.
The apple tree grows for a long time. By the age of 10, it reaches 3-4 meters, the maximum tree height is 5-6 meters.
Quite often, the apple tree takes the form of a bush. The young tree has a compact oval crown. Over time, it becomes more spreading and branched.In the absence of shaping pruning in adulthood, it becomes spherical or oval-shaped, often of an irregular shape. The crown width is 4-5 meters.
Leaves are red-purple in color, oblong-ovate or elliptical, 8-12 centimeters long, the upper part of the leaf is narrowed. The top is glossy, the bottom is pubescent. By the end of summer, the color of the leaves becomes lighter, crimson. If the tree is very leafy, the leaf blade is purple only below, the top of the leaf is dark green.
This has its own flavor and many gardeners specifically strive to thicken the crown.
During flowering (in early May), the apple tree is covered with unusually beautiful and fragrant flowers. Flowering lasts 13-15 days. Flowers differ from ordinary apple trees in large size (2.5-3.5 centimeters in diameter), shape, aroma and ruby-red color. They are held on the branches on white-tomentose, thin peduncles. When blooming, the tree resembles a bright ball. At the same time, branches are practically invisible.
After flowering, fruits appear. Apples ripen in mid-September. They hang on long stalks. Fruits are small, about 1.5-2 centimeters in diameter (smaller than cherries). The shape is oblong. The color of the skin is dark red or purple. A gray waxy coating is visible from above. The fruit has a tart, bitter taste. They are not suitable for food and can cause food poisoning (if consumed in large quantities).
Some housewives make tart wine or cider from these fruits. Apples contain quite a lot of vitamins, triterpenoids and acids, and a small amount of this drink will be useful.
In landscape design
The apple tree is used in single, alley, group plantings. From trees of this variety, hedges and contrasting tree and shrub groups are created. Often, wood is used in the design of the facade, the site in front of administrative buildings.
The decorative apple tree is used in single compositions. The distance between trees must be at least 15 meters. When planting several apple trees of this variety at a distance of 5 meters from each other, a dense hedge is obtained. The apple tree looks beautiful surrounded by paths and contrasting flower beds, a rabatok.
Beautiful blooming sakura species for the northern regions
In the Main Botanical Garden (Moscow), there is a terry cherry tree, which has a fairly high winter hardiness. White flowers on long stalks, collected in clusters of 3-5 pieces, bloom simultaneously with late varieties of cherries.
Presumably, this variety appeared as a result of crossing the common cherry and the terry form of the sharply serrated cherry. The hybrid is sterile, but can be propagated by root shoots and grafting on other related species.
Sakhalin cherry (C. sachalinensis), which reaches a height of up to 8 m, is distinguished by its outstanding winter hardiness. It winters well in Siberia, the Khabarovsk Territory and in the European part of Russia. Sakhalin cherry blossoms begin early, at the same time as the apricot. The flowers are large, up to 4 cm in diameter, from pale pink to reddish pink. Two forms of this species have received variety status:
- Rosanna is a medium-sized tree with a wide-oval crown and pink-red flowers.
- "Cypress" - with a narrow pyramidal crown and bright pink flowers.
Sakhalin cherry (Cerasus sachalinensis). Lora black
Cherry sargent is a shrub or tree that grows from 6 to 12 m in height and 5-8 m in width. The shape of young plantations is funnel-shaped; with age, their branches often take a horizontal position. Simple single flowers with pink petals are collected in inflorescences of 2-4 pcs. Flowering begins before the leaves bloom, in April. At this time, the trees, covered with pink-red inflorescences, become the real favorites of the garden. Unfortunately, flowering does not last long, only about a week, but this does not prevent you from fully enjoying the beauty.
The natural area of distribution of sargent cherry is the north of Japan, Korea, as well as the Far East and Sakhalin. This species grows mainly in mountainous areas, therefore it is much more hardy than other cultivated varieties of cherry blossoms. Plants can be successfully grown in central Russia and even at the latitude of St. Petersburg, if you provide them with good wintering with shelter.
Cherry sargent (Prunus sargentii). Andrii Khomiuk
Do not forget about other flowering plants that can become a real decoration of our gardens and parks. These types include:
Three-lobed Luiseania (L. triloba) is a beautiful spreading shrub that is frost-resistant and drought-resistant. In April-May, numerous double flowers of pink or pink-white hue open on its branches. Flowering lasts up to 2 weeks.
Cherry Maak, or Bird cherry Maak (P. maackii) - the most frost-resistant species, which has a beautiful color of the bark - from reddish-orange to golden. The flowers are collected in beautiful long white clusters. This species is found in the wild in the Far East, Primorye and China. The tree easily tolerates flooding and drought, transplanting and shearing, and grows well in urban conditions.
Felt cherry (P. tomentosa) - pleases with its abundant flowering in May. Most often, this culture is planted in decorative hedges, but its fruits are edible, and the taste is in no way inferior to ordinary cherries. Felt cherry is highly frost-resistant, unpretentious to soil, but does not tolerate shading well. The crop can grow and bear fruit well for only 10 years, but rejuvenating pruning can extend this period to 20 years.
Crested Crested Care in the Garden
When growing a corydalis in a garden, it should be watered, weeded, fed, loosened up the soil surface and protected from pests and diseases in a timely manner. But it should be borne in mind that different types of care requirements and preferences may differ.
How to feed and water
In the first spring weeks, when the beginning of the growth of the corydalis is noted, as a rule, the soil is quite moist from melt water, so the plants will not need to be watered. After the earth dries out, the plants will need to be watered systematically. It should be noted that alpine and desert species should be provided with moderate watering, since they react negatively to stagnant moisture in the root system, while a short drought does much less damage to the plant. It must be remembered that any of the corydalis species reacts extremely negatively to stagnant water in the soil, in this regard, the land on the site must be well-drained. When the bushes are watered, you need to loosen the surface of the site, while removing the weeds. To reduce the number of weeding, watering and loosening, the surface of the site must be covered with a layer of organic mulch.
Only forest species of corydalis need feeding, while compost or leaf humus should be added to the soil during digging before planting. Also in spring, you can mulch the surface of the site with organic matter.
After the bushes have faded, their parts located above the ground turn yellow over time, and their dying off is observed. To remember where they grew, you need to mark each bush by sticking a peg next to it. This culture is distinguished by a fairly high resistance to frost, so it does not need shelter for the winter. However, it should be borne in mind that the Chinese Corydalis can die if the air temperature drops below minus 23 degrees.
How to transplant and propagate
It is recommended to transplant this primrose during the period of its rest. But even during the flowering period, the corydalis bushes tolerate this procedure quite well. However, when transplanting, a part of the flowering bush located above the ground can come off quite easily, in which case the tubers will begin a dormant period earlier than usual.They move the bushes to a new place along with a lump of earth.
For the reproduction of such a plant, seeds, tubers, and also the method of dividing the rhizome are used. On the rhizomes, tubers are formed only on the corydalis of Kashmir and Bush. You can divide the rhizome in the spring, as well as from the middle to the end of the summer, and they do this during plant transplantation. When dividing a bush, it should be borne in mind that each delenka must have a renewal bud and a part of the rhizome. When planting delenoks, they are buried in the soil by 5-15 centimeters (depending on the size of the tubers), while a distance of at least 10 centimeters should be kept between the holes. But it should also be borne in mind that this breeding method is not very popular with gardeners.
Unripe corydalis seeds should be sown. So, they should be painted black, but the boxes should still be green. Try to pick the pods in time, otherwise, when they are fully ripe and open, the seeds will spill out onto the surface of the site, where ants will quickly drag them away. The seeds remain viable for 7 days, so there is no need to tighten them with sowing. Seeds are sown in containers, which must be filled with a moistened substrate. Then they are transferred to a shaded place and make sure that the soil mixture is always slightly damp. Seedlings can be planted in the garden after spring comes. Corydalis grown from seeds bloom for the first time after 2–4 years (depending on the species).
Diseases and pests
Corydalis are highly resistant to disease, so they rarely get sick. If there is stagnation of water in the root system, then this can cause the development of a fungal disease.
Any culture can become infected with a viral disease, no matter how badly or well you care for it. Bushes affected by such a disease should be removed from the soil and destroyed, and the area where they were grown must be spilled with a solution of potassium manganese, which must be strong enough
To cure a plant affected by a fungal disease, it must be sprayed with a fungicide solution.
Of the pests, mice and moles pose a danger to the corydalis. To get rid of them, bait with poison must be placed on the surface of the site in several places.
Host varieties and species
One of the most commonly used species in horticulture is the Siebold host from the island of Honshu (Japan). This plant is characterized by dense, broadly cordate-ovate leaves, covered with a waxy, bluish bloom. Their length is no more than 35 cm, and their width is up to 25. Flowers in the form of white funnels, 5-6 cm long are located on rather long (up to 40 cm) peduncles.
Old Japanese hybrids of this species are often found in gardens, especially the hosta variety aureomarginate with leaves bordered by a wide dark yellow edging.
Another popular species - wavy hosta - has a garden origin, bred in the Land of the Rising Sun. Its leaves are oblong-ovate, elongate 20 cm in length and 13 in width. The edges of the foliage are characterized by strong waviness, and the central part is a combination of white and green areas (the center may be completely white). The shape of the flowers is funnel-bell-shaped, the color is light purple, the length is up to 5 cm. The peduncles of this species rise by as much as 80 cm and have several small leaves.
The hosta variety, wavy albumarginate, is included in the medium-sized group; it develops normally in high light conditions. Its dark green leaves are 19 cm long and 9 cm wide with a thin creamy white border. The color of the flowers is dark purple, they are located on even higher (up to 90 cm) peduncles.
Sort hosts
Along with the species and varieties presented above, varietal hosts are widespread, of which today there are more than 3000! Given this number and variety,in culture, it is customary to divide them into several garden groups.
For example, according to the color of the leaves, hosts are classified as blue, yellow, light-bordered (white or yellow edging), and so on.
An individual blue host (like any other), at the same time, falls under the size classification - the blue cadet host variety is low.
Hosta halcyon, like the previously mentioned hosta wavy album of arginate, to the middle.
White-bordered varieties include the dwarf variety of the hosta stiletto and the average hosta patriot.
Hosta golden tiara - medium yellow bordered.
The low hosta jun has a creamy yellow center and blue-green edges.
Hosta Striptease looks very original - the center of a wide dark green leaf is highlighted with a yellow spot with a thin white border.
Hosta Golden Meadows is considered one of the most beautiful thanks to the corrugated edges of the sheets.
The rounded foliage hosta variety guacamole may have yellow stripes on it.
Hosta first frost is so popular that in 2010 it earned the title of “Host of the Year” - medium in height (up to 35 cm), spreading (up to 90 cm in width), changing the bluish color of foliage to green.
Hosta albopicta - medium, very stable, changes the shade of leaves from yellow with bluish-green edging to 2-tone green.
Hosta variety Big Daddy - blue, large, with waffle-textured sheets, exudes a light aroma.
The Hosta Hybrid Gypsy Rose has foliage with a golden yellow center and dark green edging.
Hosta cherry berry is undersized (up to 30 cm in height), with creamy white, dark green around the edges, covered with light green strokes of leaves.
The hosta variety Rainbows end is dwarf, with glossy bright yellow foliage with a wide green frame.
Hosta wide brim with heart-shaped foliage, painted in an emerald green tone, bright yellow at the edges, is quite sprawling - its height is 60 cm, and its width is 90.
Hosts for our climate
Of all the host varieties that exist today, the most suitable for growing in our climatic conditions are the following:
The aforementioned Blue Cadet host variety. Its bush is about 15 cm high and up to 50 wide.
Hosta brim cap. Variegated, with green foliage and white edging. Height - up to 30 cm, width - up to 38. It is best to plant in the shade and where there is light for half the day.
Hosta gold standard. The foliage is ovoid, dark green, golden in the center. Strong growth is characteristic.
Hosta is a patriot. The foliage is green with distinct stripes 1–2 cm wide, changing color from creamy yellow in May to white during the growing season.
Characteristics of different types of irises
There are 3 types of bulbous irises: Iridodictyum, Juno, Xiphium.
Iridodictium - reticulated iris, reticulata
Iridodictium is a spring ephemeroid that blooms at the same time as crocuses, galanthuses, groves, scyllas. Its other names are reticulate iris or reticulata (Iris reticulata). Iridodictium is the smallest representative of bulbous irises. Its growth at the time of flowering is only 10-15 cm.
Iris net "Katharine Hodgkin" - a resistant variety that can grow in one place for 5-6 years without digging and drying
Iridodictium enters the growing season with the first rays of the spring sun (March-April). The leaves from the bulb appear at the same time as the peduncle. One flower blooms on each peduncle. Flowering lasts 10-14 days, after which the flowers wither, and the leaves of the plant continue to grow, stretching up to 20-35 cm. After that, they begin to turn yellow and dry, and by mid-June they die off.
Another feature of the netted iris is its unpretentiousness. Its bulbs are frost-hardy, they do not need an obligatory annual digging.
Juno - "iris pearl"
Juno are very rare bulbous irises, which are also easy to grow. They bloom in April-May, after which their aerial part dies off.
Juno height reaches 20-40 cm. Their crescent long leaves are located on the stems in two regular rows in several tiers. Up to 5 flowers are laid on one peduncle.
For the winter, juno should be covered with spruce branches or fallen leaves - they have low frost resistance
Juno begins a dormant period from mid to late June. At this time, it is advisable to dig up their bulbs in order to dry them and plant them again only in September, before winter.
Xyphyums - Dutch, American, Spanish irises
Xyphyums are the most capricious of the bulbous irises family and at the same time the most affordable. Especially often in our market you can find Dutch irises - these are xyphyums. Unfortunately, most of their varieties are not hardy and die already at -10 ° C. Therefore, if there is a desire to preserve the plant, the bulbs will have to be dug up in the fall, and planted again in the spring. However, since Dutch irises cost mere pennies, many flower growers do not bother digging up in autumn and treat these plants as annuals.
Dutch irises are the most common bulbous irises, which, unfortunately, are not hardy at all.
Spanish xyphyums are even more delicate, they are not cultivated without digging even in the south of our country.
More frost-resistant xyphyums of the English group, but they are very rarely found on sale. Their bulbs can withstand frosts down to -25 ° C and take root freely in the middle lane.
English irises can be grown in any cultivated soil with good drainage. Not demanding at all, withstand harsh winters
The height of xyphyums varies from 40-90 cm. In June-July on a thin peduncle one by one the most beautiful brightly colored flowers bloom - monochromatic or two-colored. The dormant period begins in September.
