Reproduction of irises (20 photos): how do irises reproduce? How to plant flowers in spring and autumn? How to propagate by seed and dividing the bush

General description and varieties of irises

It happens, for some reason, you need to store planting material for 2 weeks. Do not store it in plastic or damp cloth. If you have a choice, take larger rhizomes, they have more reserves of nutrients. If the cut has 7 or more leaves, the flower will bloom the next year, in the spring.

The best soils for bearded irises are light loams, but they can also grow on clay soils. Before planting, the site is dug on a shovel bayonet and all weeds are carefully removed, especially creeping wheatgrass, edible wheatgrass, all types of sow thistle, etc. When preparing the soil, it is good to add rotted manure to a depth of 20-25 cm, without mixing it with the ground.

"Iris" in Greek means "rainbow"
You can also use pyrethrum - dust the plants with powder or infuse 100-200 g of powder for 10 hours in 10 liters of water and spray with this solution.
With the onset of the first frost, the foliage is cut in half, as when planting. When yellow leaves appear, they are cut off. After flowering, the peduncle is broken out at the base. Towards winter, with the onset of the first frost, the plantings are covered with peat with a layer of 10 cm, in the spring it must be raked off.
Some gardening practitioners believe that irises can be propagated by leaves. This is also wrong. The iris leaf, separated from the rhizome, even in optimal conditions for root formation (in special greenhouses) does not form roots and gradually dies off.

It is also necessary to take care of the cuts. They are covered with a special mixture (sulfur and coal in a 1: 1 ratio). Such a treated seedling will root well and grow vigorously.

Bulbous irises bloom for about two months: the first buds will appear in mid-May, and flowering will end at the end of June.

It is no coincidence that the strongest and thickest rhizomes are chosen for planting: they have more nutrients, and the plant will calmly transfer the transplant to a new place.

How to plant by dividing a bush?

It is easier to propagate the culture by a vegetative method, moreover, this way you can achieve flowering already next year. To prevent the degeneration of mature plants at the age of 4–5 years and to maintain their ability to bloom, it is advisable to divide the irises every 3 years. There are certain periods during the season for this.

You can plant flowers in spring and summer, when the petals have already fallen, but it is also allowed to do this in early autumn, while the days are warm. The transplant in all cases has some differences, which should be known to those who have not previously been involved in the reproduction of this culture. Gardeners with sufficient experience in the cultivation and reproduction of irises are advised to orient the roots of the plant to the south when planting: this will contribute to optimal heating by the sun's rays and the formation of a large number of young buds.

In the spring

First of all, the knife is disinfected with a solution of potassium manganese, and then the rhizome is divided into parts. For this, underground shoots are taken at the age of 1-2 years. They should have buds and several leaves: 5 or 7 pieces. Disinfection of the instrument is carried out during division, and after the completion of the procedure, crushed coal should be applied to the cut sites or lubricated with potassium permanganate.

Seedlings left in the fall are treated with compounds that stimulate plant growth. This is necessary to accelerate root development.

If the root processes are excessively long, they are carefully pruned, and the rotten parts must be removed without fail. The disembarkation is carried out as follows:

make a small hole and pour cleaned sand into it;
the rhizome with the tops of the leaves cut off is placed horizontally in the hole;
sprinkle the earth so that the top of the roots remains outside;
the next plant is placed 50 cm from the one already planted;
after planting, the land is abundantly irrigated.

Summer

The ideal time for seating and planting is mid-summer. As a rule, the hottest days are observed in July. When the soil is very hot, the growth of the culture stops, some plants shed their leaves, the development of the root system and lateral shoots is inhibited. The irises should bloom and then they can be separated.

Dig up the plants using a pitchfork so as not to damage the roots. Then separate the parts of the rhizome with a knife or clean hands. Many gardeners prefer to simply break the rhizome: this way the planting material is less damaged.
Young roots are soaked in a solution of potassium permanganate for about 2 hours, and then dried for at least 4 hours.
Before planting the plants, it is desirable that the sections heal, this takes about 6-7 days. After that, the root processes should be shortened, leaving a length of 10 cm. The tops of the leaves are cut off, leaving 10-14 cm.
Annual links can be divided into 6-8 parts, the main thing is that each of them has a bud, which, when planting, should be in line with the soil surface. A larger number of cuttings are formed from the lateral buds.

In autumn

Some iris varieties are best divided and replanted in early September, when the plant resumes growth and other vital processes. This is especially true if the summer was rainy and not too hot. The irises planted in early autumn have enough time to gain strength and develop the root system before the upcoming frost, and then successfully overwinter. Having covered the plants in the ground, it is well watered.

After absorbing water, the soil must be loosened and sprinkled with mulch.

Not everyone knows, but irises can also be propagated by sprouts. During flowering, you need to cut off the sprout from the mother plant with the capture of a piece of rhizome. Young sprouts are planted in a cool place, in the shade, and they are constantly sprayed. Rooting occurs very quickly: literally in 2 weeks. At the same time, you do not have to worry about the fact that varietal characteristics will not appear.

Landing

Planting irises is a simple indentation of the prepared rhizome into the ground by two-thirds of its height, but at a slight angle towards the fan of leaves. If the cut is small, then in case of heavy rain it can simply be carried away or turned over, so it is better to root the irises in a container. Now I practice growing "babies" or irises of valuable varieties in pots filled with light soil and dug in a greenhouse

This method is great for irises purchased in mid-fall, when a good root system is essential. For summer planting, I prefer to fix the rhizome with a stone or a braided wire bracket

When rooting, water should be very sparing, so as only to moisten the top layer of the earth. The use of root formation stimulants significantly accelerates the formation of a developed root system. Some time after transplanting, rhizomes begin to grow in irises, and young leaves grow in the center of the fan. At this time, it is better to carefully remove the yellowed leaves that are dying as they grow and make sure that the "back" of the rhizome remains open.

Reproduction of irises by dividing the bush, how flowers reproduce - garden or bearded irises

One of the advantages of iris is that it can be divided in different ways for planting in new areas. Large, showy flowers appear in early spring and will bloom until summer. For more information on how to quickly and correctly propagate these flowering perennials, read further in the material.

Species diversity of irises

All irises are members of the Iris family. The genus includes more than 800 plants growing on different continents.Their color variety is so great that this is reflected in the name, which in Greek means "rainbow".

Breeding methods for irises

Reproduction of irises is possible in several ways. The main ones relate to vegetative propagation - due to the division of the rhizome or the separation of young bulbs.

Rhizomes reproduce bearded irises, popular in domestic gardens. They grow up to 40 cm and have large flowers. The other part is propagated by bulbs, like Dutch ones.

They are not so large, but are great for indoor cultivation, and also grow well in containers outside.

Generative seed

All varieties of irises, without exception, can reproduce by seeds.

This is especially important for breeders. After all, the bulbs or parts of the root copy the mother plant, and the seeds allow you to get new varieties of these beautiful flowers

Therefore, if you want to breed a new garden variety, then you will need 2 parent plants for this. One of which will be pollinated by the pollen of the other.

To obtain quality plants, select for propagation those varieties that are resistant to climatic conditions and rarely get sick.

Important! Anthers should be collected on the first day of flowering, and the flower should be pollinated on the second day from appearance. Those who want to start breeding need to remember the following rules:

Those who want to start breeding need to remember the following rules:

To achieve successful pollination, you need to get as much pollen as possible.
The easiest way to get it is to take out the anther (the organ that produces pollen) and rub it (or with a brush in the pollen) the stigma of the second flower.

If pollination is successful, the iris will form a seed box. They will contain the varietal characteristics of both parents. They can be used for further selection or further conventional reproduction.

It is difficult for a beginner to predict how genes will be combined. Therefore, you can start by simply getting iris seeds.

In the natural environment, the flower almost does not form them, since it is difficult for pollinating insects to get to its pollen.

: How to propagate by seed

The seed pod forms one week after pollination. And it will take her about 10-12 weeks to grow up. By the time it ripens, it begins to turn yellow. It is ripped off and dried indoors.

And then the resulting seed is stored in a paper bag until planting in the ground. Sowing seeds in the garden is carried out in September. You will need to prepare the site and carry out sowing with furrows.

Or prepare planting soil with a container and plant seeds in it.

Landing technology:

Soak the seeds in a bowl of water for 3-5 days.
Change the water daily. This will prevent the growth of mold and mildew.
Drain the liquid 20 minutes before sowing and let them dry slightly.
Prepare your planting mix. You will need 2 parts peat, 1 part perlite, 3 parts sterilized compost.
Sow the seeds into a container up to 1 cm deep.
Place the container of plants outdoors. Leave it outside for the winter. At low temperatures, the seeds will sleep, and in the spring they will sprout as soon as the weather is favorable.
Before the onset of cold weather, water the pot so that the soil does not dry out. You need to keep it slightly hydrated. But over-watering should be avoided so as not to create conditions for decay.
When the irises sprout in the spring, move the pot to a sunny spot.

About half of the seeds germinate. But those that have not sprouted may grow later and not only this year. Therefore, do not throw the soil out of the pots, but apply it to the area where you transplant the irises.

Vegetative

Vegetative propagation is called a method of propagation in which a new plant is obtained from a part of a root, leaf or stem.

This method becomes possible due to the fact that the part of the plant used for reproduction contains undifferentiated cells that can create organs for the new iris.

The main advantage of this method is that the new iris will be a copy of the parent.

Planting cuttings of rhizome irises - step by step instructions

The bush can be transplanted completely, cut off part or divided into 1-year increments and arrange a new bed of irises.

Form a hole (furrow) with a depth of 20 ... 30 cm.

Pour a mound of soil 5 ... 10 cm on the bottom.

Set the cut of the flower in such a way that the trimmed part of the rhizome "sits" on the mound. It is necessary to adjust the depth (perhaps add a mound) so that the rhizome after planting protrudes 1 ... 2 cm above the soil level.

The adventitious roots must be straightened and sprinkled with soil in several steps, each time compacting the added portion and pressing the roots.

Around the planted plant, form a hole with a rim for convenient watering and feeding.

Water the planted "shovel" at the rate of at least 1 liter per bush.

In a few minutes of voice-over, the most necessary information is laid out - about the choice of a bed, the preparation of dried cuttings and the rules for planting rhizome irises.

Breeding methods for irises

Irises are popularly called several types of plants: widespread everywhere, well-known rhizome irises, sometimes they are called "cockerels" or "irises" and bulbous varieties of culture - juno, iridodictum, xyphyum.

To avoid confusion, I will immediately make a reservation - I will talk about the reproduction of rhizomatous - bearded irises. Bushes of this species, if not interfering with their life cycle, can grow in one place for up to 30 years (Siberian irises), forming clumps up to 2.5 m in diameter.

At the same time, perennial links in the center of the curtain die off, and young ones grow along the edges. The intensity of flowering gradually decreases, the decorativeness of the planting decreases. For this reason, I do not recommend running irises to such a state.

Bearded irises should be divided and planted every 7-8 years, dwarf and other fast-growing varieties - every 3-4 years.

In addition to the vegetative method of dividing, irises can be propagated by seeds.

Types of phlox - choose the most beautiful

It is very difficult to highlight the most beautiful flowers, since each grower has his own. Some prefer short bushes, others prefer tall ones with large inflorescences. Perennial phloxes are very popular among gardeners, since they are more unpretentious in care and do not require annual planting of seedlings.

All phloxes are good and beautiful in their own way, but the following are still considered the most popular:

Snow Avalanche - refers to the early flowering pyramidal group. In height, these flowers grow up to 80 cm. Flowers are pure white.
Delta is another flower belonging to the early blooming pyramidal group. The height of an adult plant does not exceed 1 meter. The flowers are white with a raspberry-colored center.
Natasha - develops slowly and grows no more than 80 cm. Flowers are two-colored with white petals and wide crimson-pink stripes.
Hummingbird - belongs to the representatives of small-colored phlox. Differs in branched and large conical inflorescences. Flowers of light lilac-blue shades with a lilac star in the center. Differs in high winter hardiness.
Twinkling Star - star-shaped flowers with a characteristic fragrant aroma and pointed edges. Bushes are undersized. The flowering period is from June to September. Due to its miniature size, this variety can be grown on balconies.
Ferdinand - grows to a height of 60 cm. Branched stems with needle-like, round, star-shaped, dissected petals. The color can be different. Differs in strong aroma and double flowering.

Phlox Snow Avalanche

Davids Lavender is a powerful broad-leaved flower with oval-conical lilac inflorescences with a white center.
Selena is a medium-sized plant, the height of the bush does not exceed 80 cm. Flowering begins in the middle of summer. Lush conical inflorescences of dark pink color with a gray haze.
Bach - grows to a height of 80 cm. The flowers are medium-sized, dark pink in color with a raspberry ring, bloom in July. Flowers of this variety are sensitive to the sun and bad weather, so planting should be done in partial shade.
Berendey is a compact flower with strong shoots and large, rounded inflorescences. The plant grows to a height of 80 cm. The flowers are large lilac, covered with a silvery bloom.

Phlox are very beautiful flowers, regardless of the variety and name. Their inflorescences do not leave anyone indifferent, so each gardener must decide for himself which of them to plant on his site.

Phlox David's Lavender

Irises: planting and care in the open field

Irises are amazingly beautiful perennial bulbous flowers that amaze the imagination with a variety of shapes, colors and shades. This is probably why they got their name (from the Greek "iris") after the Greek goddess of the rainbow Iris.

The first mentions of iris in the annals of Ancient Egypt date back to the 15th century BC. It tells about iris in the legends of Southeast Asia, Ancient Rome, Scandinavian countries and even Ancient Russia.

We have heard that it was the favorite flower of the Slavic god Perun, who called it "a symbol of spiritual purity, immense courage and desperate bravery." And then the iris was called in Russia "kasatik".

The people said that glades with flowering iris appear where Perun sent fire lightning. These places were considered reserved, curing any disease and fulfilling the most cherished desire.

But only a person with a bright and pure soul, who was also lovingly called Kasatik, could find the way there.

Iris flower meadows can be found in the central and southern regions of Russia, as well as in Siberia in the South Urals and the Far East.

The name of the flower in Russia remained until the beginning of the 20th century, and then another (scientific) one appeared - iris, when serious breeding work began all over the world to create new varieties and hybrids of this lovely flower that could decorate any flower bed.

In the 20s of the last century, iris breeding was actively pursued in many European countries, as well as in the USA and Canada, Japan and Australia. These works were carried out in our country as well.

Since then, more than 40 thousand of the most diverse and spectacular varieties have been bred. If you choose them correctly, then the irises will bloom in your flower bed from late April to mid-August.

This flower is quite unpretentious and tolerates weather anomalies well. In addition, modern irises practically do not get sick. And planting in open ground and caring for them is not difficult.

Iris flowers are actively used in cooking. They make jam from them, make rich starchy flour for cakes, use them as capers in a marinade, add to soups and meat dishes as a seasoning.

Irises give off a wondrous, delicate aroma that fills the garden with an amazing magical scent. Therefore, plants are widely used in the perfumery industry for the manufacture of perfumes, creams, deodorants and very expensive powders.

In this article, we will tell you how to plant iris correctly, how to care for it and help you choose the best species and varieties for your site.

Iris - a bright rainbow of a summer day

Translated from the Greek "iris" - a rainbow, as it is called for bright and multi-colored flowers. He also has one more name - "kasatik", which in the Old Russian language corresponds to an affectionate appeal to a young man or a man. References to irises can be found in ancient medical treatises, their images are found both on old frescoes and on handicrafts. Its outlines are easy to find in various coats of arms, and it is also considered a flower of the Virgin Mary, consoling her in grief.

In Japan, every year at the beginning of May, the festival of irises is celebrated - sebu no sekku. In different countries, irises are used not only as ornamental plants. they are widely known in medicine. in cooking and in the perfume industry. Irises are used for the preparation of spices, flavorings

In many countries, irises symbolize military prowess, as their leaves are shaped like swords, and their flowers are helmets. Therefore, the Japanese believe that where there are boys, it is necessary to grow irises, as these plants increase morale and give courage. In feng shui, blue or blue irises represent faith, hope, eternal youth and the achievement of noble goals. And yellow irises are symbols of gold, wealth and abundance in the home. confectionery and spirits. aromatic oils and medicines.

Such different irises

In culture, there are about 300 species and several thousand different varieties of irises. among which there are both rhizome and bulbous plants. The height of irises is measured by the flower with a peduncle, and it can reach from 10 cm to 1.5 m meters. Dwarf species are considered to have a height of 10 to 20 cm. Low-growing - from 20 to 50 cm, medium-tall - from 50 to 70 cm.high - over 70 cm.On a peduncle, depending on the type of plant, there can be from one to seven flowers in size from 8 to 15 cm.

The most suitable for cultivation in our region are English bulbous irises as the most winter-hardy.

Of the rhizome irises, the most popular are bearded irises, among which both tall and stunted forms are known. Bearless irises are also grown, such as the yellow air-shaped iris, which we also call marsh iris, and the Siberian iris, known for its hardiness even in harsh climates. At the exhibition of irises, presented in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden, you can find irises not only with yellow and blue flowers, but also with pink, white, brown and even black petals. In our climate, irises bloom from late May to early July.

We plant and grow irises

Irises on your site can be placed not only in flower beds and ridges, but also among shrubs and fruit trees. observing only one condition - irises should not be in the shade.

To the garden medicine cabinet

In folk medicine, a decoction of dried iris roots is used as an expectorant, diuretic and to relieve headaches. Iris rhizomes have long been used in homeopathy as a choleretic and sedative, and the oil obtained from them is used to treat various skin diseases and increase immunity.

ATTENTION! Not all types of irises have medicinal properties.

Irises are distinguished by their high winter hardiness and unpretentiousness to the soil. They do not tolerate severe waterlogging, so it is better to plant them in a higher area. An exception is the marsh iris (calamus), which can be used to decorate even artificial reservoirs.

The root system of irises is located in the top layer of the soil, so they easily reproduce by dividing the rhizomes in spring or late August. Irises are planted at a shallow depth, leaving the bud and the top of the rhizome at soil level. Bulbous species of irises are propagated by baby bulbs. which can be seated.

Carefully! Irises cannot grow next to hazel (hazel). With such a neighborhood, they feel oppressed and do not even bloom.

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