Features of cuttings of some plants
Hydrangeas
Many species at any time, the only exception is panicle hydrangea. When buds appear on annual shoots, they begin to cuttings.
Preparation of hydrangea cuttings. Illustration taken from open sources.
In large-leaved varieties, cuttings of last year's branches with annual increments are cut. Branches are often used for grafting when cutting bushes in the fall. Cut off the end of the non-flowering twig that grew this year. Enough fifteen centimeters in length.
Using a well-sharpened knife or pruner, remove the first leaves located near the base of the cutting, leaving 4-6 leaves. This helps to reduce foliage evaporation to aid rooting.
Pour a layer of gravel or expanded clay into the bottom of the box as drainage. Cover a third of the sand, peat and heather with the mixture. Pre-dip the cutting in the growth stimulator solution and stick the cutting in. Moisten the compost with a sprayer and place the bin at 15 ° C. Monitor watering regularly.
When the cuttings are rooted, transplant for the first time, in a mixture of soil (2/3) and heather soil (1/3). Prune the branches regularly.
To get a stocky seedling that has many side shoots, the top of the cutting should be trimmed when it has three pairs of leaves.
Lilac
Reproduction of some shrubs, such as lilacs, is difficult: cuttings root poorly. Lilacs are propagated after flowering. For cuttings, August shoots are chosen, that is, the bark of which has a slightly brown color. Preference is given to healthy branches, on which there are no signs of disease.
Reproduction of lilacs. Illustration taken from open sources.
Cut off young shoots 15-20 cm long, keeping a small piece of the supporting twig on both sides of the cutting. Remove two pairs of lower leaves to limit moisture loss, soak with stimulating solution. Fill the pot with mixed peat and sand halfway.
Using a small piece of wood, such as a pencil, transplant the stalk into the mixture and tamp everything around.
Always water and keep moist at 18-20 ° C. In early autumn, when the cuttings take root, they are transplanted, either in a larger pot, or directly in the ground, under cover to protect them from the winter cold. The cuttings are growing for two years.
Roses
Cutting roses depends on the variety and group to which they belong. Cuttings can be prepared for fall pruning and stored in the refrigerator until spring, or rooted at home. It is better to root semi-lignified shoots of the current year during budding.
Propagation of favorite roses by cuttings. The illustration is taken from open sources.
- Choose a beautiful stem for your rosebush, straight and vigorous, that has grown throughout the year.
- It must contain at least 3 eyes and 1 nascent bud.
- Cut out only the central part of the stem (about 15 cm), removing the bud that you cut just above the pair of leaves.
- Gently remove all leaves, keeping only 2 leaves on top.
- Remove the thorns from the part that will be in the ground (about 1/3 of the stem).
- Dip this part in water and let it sit for a few minutes, then in the root solution.
- Plant the cutting in a pot filled with special soil or a mixture of soil and sand.
- If there are several cuttings, keep a 5-10 cm gap between each cut.
- Water regularly, but not too much to avoid flooding the nascent roots.
Atrial fibrillation
Ciliated
arrhythmia - underneath
the concept is often clinically combined
flutter and flicker (or fibrillation)
atria - actually atrial fibrillation
arrhythmia. Their
the manifestations are similar.
Clinical
painting:
-
Sick
complain of intermittent palpitations -
Flutter
in the chest, sometimes for pain, -
strong
weakness, shortness of breath. -
Decreases
cardiac output may decrease
blood pressure, develop
heart failure.
Diagnostics:
-
Pulse
becomes irregular, variable
amplitude, sometimes threadlike. -
Tones
hearts are muffled, irregular. -
Characteristic
atrial fibrillation sign
- pulse deficit, i.e. heart rate
contractions, determined by auscultation,
exceeds the heart rate. It happens
because certain groups of muscle
atrial fibers contract chaotically,
and the ventricles sometimes contract in vain,
not having enough time to fill with blood.
In this case, a pulse wave will form
can not. Therefore, the heart rate
reductions should be assessed by
auscultation of the heart, or better by ECG, but
not on the pulse.
ECG
signs:
-
Alternation
increased and decreased heart rate -
increase
duration R-R -
preservation
the rest is a sign of sinus rhythm
Urgent
help:
-
Before
the arrival of the resuscitation team: -
Panangin
1 tab. Riboxin 0.002 g. Diazepam 10 mg. -
-
catheterization
peripheral vein -
Aspartate
Potassium and Magnesium (Panangin) 10% 20 ml sodium
chloride 0.9% 200 ml IV drip -
Novocainamide
10% 10 ml IV very slowly(with a decrease in blood pressure
below 100 Mezaton 1% 0.1 ml) -
When QRS
120 cm Novocainomide
do not enter! -
Amiodarone
(Cordaron) 150-300 mg IV slowly.
In the absence of
effect: -
Amiodarone
(Cordaron) 300-450 mg IV drip.
Seed material from China - pros and cons
It is not always possible to collect seeds of the desired variety on your own. Then make a purchase in a store or order online from China.
Pros:
- Large selection of seeds.
- Price: the cost is lower than in the store.
- Convenient: the order is placed in a couple of clicks.
Minuses:
- Due to transportation, the seeds are deformed, this affects germination.
- If the package is not airtight, the seeds will become damp and covered with mold. It is almost impossible to save such material.
- Place each seed in a separate order. It happens that the variety is not indicated on the package, there is a chance to confuse the seeds.
- Low seed germination compared to hand-picked.
How to collect zinnia seeds?
A beautiful, bright flower garden is a real pride for its owner. Alas, the advantages of annuals - the possibility of annual renewal of the flower bed and its variability - turn into disadvantages. Namely - the need to buy the seeds of the plants you like anew every year. Fortunately, most garden flowers produce quality seeds that a skilled grower can easily collect on their own, thus obtaining the desired seed, and at the same time saving time for searching and money to buy the necessary plants.
In this article, we'll show you how to properly collect and sort zinnia flower seeds.
Collecting zinnia seeds
Collecting zinnia seeds is not difficult - for this you just need to choose a beautiful flower and, after waiting for it to fully ripen (fade) and dry, cut it off. Please note that it will take a long time for the seeds to fully ripen - about 55-65 days, so for these purposes it is better to leave the first flowers in the flower bed. By the way, it is the flowers that bloomed first that are most often the largest and brightest, so by acting in this way, you also carry out breeding work - every year you choose the earliest, largest and most beautiful specimens for reproduction.
A dried flower with a brown seed basket can be further dried after cutting
After that, you need to carefully pull the petals and select seeds from the center of the basket at the base of the flower. Seeds are sorted, dried again and put into paper bags for storage
Sorting is important when you are determined to breed only one type of zinnia in your area - simple or double. Store them, like all other annual flower seeds, in a dry, cool, dark place, avoiding the formation of mold or fungal diseases.
What zinnia seeds look like
Having chosen the seeds, you can notice that several types of them are placed in one seed basket at once: shield-like flat, sharp spear-shaped triangular shapes and elongated seeds with a sharp subulate tail. These varieties most often produce different types of zinnias, so it is best to sort each species separately.
Simple zinnias (not terry) grow from seeds-shields with notches on the edge,
But the third type - strongly elongated seeds with a gray awl-shaped tongue - turn into magnificent lush double zinnias. Typically, these seeds are located in the outer rows of the seed basket.
Of course, double inflorescences of zinnias are more effective, but remember that they become such only with careful and proper care. If you do not have enough time or hard work to constantly monitor the condition of the flower garden, opt for semi-double or simple zinnias - they are more resistant to diseases, the vagaries of the weather and mistakes of novice florists.
.
Hyacinths: propagation by bulbs
This breeding method is the most popular among florists. Because at the lowest cost, it allows you to get a large amount of planting material.
Reproduction of hyacinths by children
Hyacinth babies are formed under natural growing conditions annually, in the amount of 3-4 pieces on one mother bulb. Babies detach from the main bulb during the summer dormant period. When the baby is ripe, it just needs to be separated from the main bulb. And that's it: a small onion after a dormant period can be used as planting material. With this method of cultivation, hyacinth will bloom in 2-3 years from the moment of separation and planting of the baby in the ground.
Reproduction by cutting the bottom of the bulb
If you need to get a lot of bulbs - babies - then another method is used. Freshly dug ripe bulbs are carefully examined so that there are no diseases. For reproduction, take the largest and strongest. The bulbs must be cleaned of dirt and rinsed with water. Then put in one layer to dry. The room must be well ventilated. You can start propagating the bulbs when they are well dry. This is about a week after digging.
When everything is ready, you can proceed to breeding. With a sharp knife (or even a spoon) we make a cone-shaped depression in the lower part of the onion. You need to cut the bottom together with the central kidney. The cut must be treated with a fungicide. These bulbs should be placed in a box, cut upwards. Tighten the container with plastic foil.
The temperature for germination of babies should be high enough. About 30 degrees. In two to three months, little babies will appear on the bulb. Their size ranges from a few millimeters to a centimeter.
Now the bulb, together with the children, needs to be planted in a box with soil. The soil must be loose and nutritious for the bulbs to develop well. Watering is moderate. When the bulbs grow and get stronger, the first small leaves will appear on them. At this time, children can be seated and looked after like bulbs from seeds.
Regardless of the method of breeding hyacinths at home, the result will be excellent if you apply diligence and patience.
When to dig up hyacinths after flowering
The optimal period is the last weeks of June - the first half of July, when the leaves of the plant turn yellow and weak.The ground part of the flower is removed, the tubers are removed from the soil, washed with water and thoroughly dried. Then we carry out an audit - we throw away the damaged (or with obvious signs of illness) specimens. If there are undeveloped babies on the bulb, they are separated and set aside for growing. Before storage, all tubers are subject to treatment against diseases and pests.
Planting material, photo:
After all the manipulations, the bulbs should be aged for about 7-10 days in a well-ventilated place at an air temperature of +17 .. + 20 ° C. To do this, they need to be laid out on clean paper, and after the specified time has expired, they must be hidden in paper bags. It is the period after flowering, as well as the processing and storage time of tubers, that are most important for hyacinths. At this time, the planting material is acclimatized, the scales dry up, the tubers are prepared for the summer period.
At a sufficiently high summer temperature, air and moderate humidity should be provided to the bulbs (if the thermometer reaches + 30 ° C). About three weeks before planting, the temperature in the room with the bulbs should be lowered to + 16 ° C to help them adapt before planting.
How to plant?
Algorithm for planting cuttings:
- For wisteria, boxes are chosen that are equipped with a good water drainage system. The plant does not like excessive waterlogging at all.
- A drainage layer is poured at the bottom of the box, approximately 3-5 cm.It will prevent stagnation of water in the soil.
- A ready-made soil mixture is poured onto the drainage.
- Sprinkle the soil on top with a layer of sand of about 1 cm.
- The substrate is moderately moisturized.
- Use a stick to make a hole in the soil 4-5 cm deep.
- A stalk is lowered into this hole.
- The soil is squeezed around the seedling.
- From above, the wisteria sprout is covered with a glass or plastic jar. This design will create a greenhouse effect for the plant and maintain the necessary moisture.
- The next stalk can be planted at a distance of 10 cm.
After 4-6 weeks, the wisteria will begin to germinate. At this time, you can start hardening the plant, removing the jar daily for 15-20 minutes. Gradually, the period of such ventilation is increased.
Hyacinth in the garden from the bulb
In order to grow hyacinth in a garden from an onion, the following recommendations must be followed:
- You need to choose medium-sized bulbs; it is better to save the most voluminous ones directly for forcing. The bulb must be firm, without any visible damage or pest-affected areas. If the bulb is soft, then it is better to throw it away immediately and do not waste time, it still will not rise.
- Choose a suitable time for disembarkation, it usually falls in the Indian summer (late September or early October).
- A place. To plant bulbs in the garden, you need to choose a well-lit open area that does not have strong winds. The selected area should be located away from trees or shrubs, otherwise their roots will take all the moisture. It is best to pick up a plot of land that is even or with a slight slope so that the water flows down and does not linger in any niches.
- The soil. The land must be dug up in advance and be sure to fertilize. For this purpose, mineral fertilizers or humus are suitable, but in no case use fresh manure. A flower cannot bloom in soil with acidic and dense soil in which water stagnates. Therefore, if you have any of the listed problems, you need to fix it. For example, put drainage or add sand, you can also lime.
The ideal soil for the growth of odorous hyacinths is loose and light soil with good drainage.
Stages of planting and preparation of the bulb:
- the first step is to disinfect, for this, before planting, you need to soak the bulbs for half an hour in a weak solution of potassium permanganate (pale pink);
- Make holes 10 to 20 centimeters deep (based on the size of the bulb) at a distance of at least 10, and preferably 15 centimeters from one another.
- the distance between the beds should be about 20 centimeters;
- at the bottom of each depression, pour clean river sand with a layer of 4-6 centimeters;
- lightly press the bulbs into the sand and lightly sprinkle them on top, and then fill the voids with soil.
Before the arrival of winter, it is necessary to close the area with bulbs, you can sprinkle the soil with sawdust, humus or dry peat. At the beginning of spring, the insulation must be removed very carefully, since the sprouts will appear early.
You can grow hyacinth in an apartment on a windowsill in a pot, in a house in a container or box, in a garden in an open area or in water. The process is quite painstaking, but completely simple, and if you adhere to the recommendations of this article, then you will definitely succeed, the main thing is to show a little patience. Bulbs and seeds are suitable for growing a garden plant with incredibly beautiful and fragrant flowers. And it does not matter if the hyacinth bulbs purchased from you or grown with your own hands. The main thing is to choose the right time of the year, namely autumn, if, of course, you want to get flowers on March 8, and also observe the temperature regime for storing the bulbs before planting.
When to plant hyacinths
A good time to plant bulbs is mid September / October. It should be borne in mind that if you plant a tuber too early, then it will begin to develop, but it will not stand the winter, it will freeze. If you plant hyacinths too late, then they will not have time to take root and get used to the place - accordingly, they will also die. If you are late with landing, then hurry up by the first week of November - this is the latest date. To do this, you will have to resort to additional measures - cover the planting site with fallen leaves, spruce branches or any other shelter in order to prevent the bulbs from freezing.
Can hyacinths be planted in spring? I often see gardeners asking about the spring planting of hyacinths. Most likely this question arises if you bought or presented you with a blooming hyacinth in a pot. What about the onion in this case? First, let the flower bloom. Secondly, do not immediately transplant the bulb into open ground. Let the bulb ripen: reduce watering, leave the flower alone, wait until all the leaves turn yellow and begin to die off. It will take about a month and a half. After that, free the onion from the pot and leave in a shaded place until September-October (the timing depends on the region). And then do as the advice recommends planting hyacinths in the fall.
Further care of seedlings
The bulbs obtained from the seeds are planting material that is already familiar to everyone and is handled as usual. As you know, hyacinths are planted in the soil in autumn, covered with a thick layer of straw or similar material.
Before planting, the bulbs can be treated with a fungicide, after all, hyacinths are a little capricious and prone to disease. In the spring, after germination, the flowers must be fed.
But on the other hand, the resulting hyacinths, as a rule, do not inherit maternal traits, that is, it is quite possible to obtain a completely new, unusual variety of a flower. This is what attracts breeders and enthusiastic gardeners to seed reproduction. If it is possible to grow a really new type of exquisite flower, then in the future it is propagated by the usual, bulbous method.
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