Perennial primrose, planting and care (60 photos): how to grow flowers of heavenly beauty -.

Growing from seeds

For good flower growth, the following nuances should be taken into account:

It is best to grow fine-toothed primrose in partial shade in slightly acidic soil.
When sowing, take into account the distance - it should be about 30 cm so that the leaves of the flower have enough space, but there is no free space.
You can sow seeds of fine-toothed primrose immediately in open ground, after the snow has melted from the ground. This variety is quite resistant to frost and cold weather, so you don't have to worry that the unstable spring weather will interfere with the flowers.
When sowing in the fall, for a good wintering, cover the crops with a layer of fallen leaves.

How to sow seeds step by step:

Sow on top of the seed compost, cover with sand and leave in a shady cold frame or cool greenhouse.
Sow seeds 1 inch (2.5 cm) into trays or cages containing suitable fertile soil.
Sow seeds on the surface of the compost (do not cover - they need access to light) and place in a bright place at a normal temperature of about 16 ° C.
Germination should take place between 21 and 40 days.

Primrose seeds can also be sown during warmer seasons, but the following layering method will need to be used to artificially simulate "winter":

Place the seeds between two pieces of damp filter paper or a folded kitchen roll.
Then put it in a plastic bag and place it in the refrigerator at 4 ° C, which is the temperature found in most refrigerators.
Examine the seeds after two weeks and remove when seedlings appear by returning the seeds to the refrigerator.

Most seeds should germinate in 4-5 weeks, germination may be erratic. There are observations that primrose seeds can still germinate two years after sowing. Remove the seedlings and place the pot in a shaded corner of the garden, just in case!

Unlike autumn sowing, spring sowing requires more attention. You need to start work at the end of January or the beginning of February. In order for the primrose to be guaranteed to sprout, it is necessary to combine the germination of seeds with their stratification. The most convenient way to do this is as follows:

We take a couple of cotton pads, lay the seeds on one of them. It is convenient to do this with a dampened match or toothpick.
Cover with a second disc and place in a small container.
Moisten the discs slightly.
We alternately keep the jar of seeds in the refrigerator and in the room, the time spent at different temperatures is gradually shifted towards increasing the room temperature.
After the seeds are nailed, we plant them in the ground.
In the process of growing seedlings, we make two picks.
At the end of May, we plant primroses on a seedling bed.

Planting fine-toothed primrose in a permanent place is carried out in the fall or spring of next year after flowering, but no later than mid-August, so that the plants can take root and prepare for winter.

When the seedlings have their first pair of true leaves and are large enough to cultivate, transplant them into 7.5 cm wide peat compost pots. Continue to monitor growth, then acclimate the plant to outdoor conditions for 10-15 days before planting. Plant primrose in humus-rich soil that retains moisture and in shade. The first shoots will delight you.

Dividing the bush

Vegetative propagation of primroses by dividing the bushes for 3-5 years of cultivation, as well as by root and leaf cuttings, is no less effective. Early spring is considered the ideal period for dividing the bushes, since with a later division, primroses may not have time to fully take root by winter.

What should be done to divide the bush:

The plants intended for transplantation are abundantly watered.
After the water has watered the soil abundantly, primroses are dug up.
The roots are washed and with a sharp knife they are divided into several parts, making sure that each of them has a renewal point.
Dust the cuts with wood ash.
They put him in a new place.

You can divide the bush in late August and early September, although this can be done even after the fine-toothed primrose has faded. The size of the division can be of any size, but each division must have at least one renewal bud.

How to propagate and plant a perennial primrose

After about 4-5 years of development, primroses grow so much that they can be propagated by dividing the bushes. Most of the species are spring flowering plants. In April - May they have a period of active growth. After flowering and ripening of seeds, the plant begins a period of summer dormancy. At the beginning of August, the plants wake up, they activate the growth of roots and leaves, and flower buds are laid, which will turn into flowers next spring.

This feature of the development of plants determines the optimal time for their division: late August - early September, or early spring, although species common in gardens (Julia primroses, tall, multi-flowered, Siebold) can easily tolerate a transplant even at the time of flowering. It is advisable to divide the fine-toothed primrose blooming in spring in early spring or in August. A later division is undesirable, the plant may freeze in winter.

Before digging up the plant, it is watered. Then with a knife the plant is cut into several pieces of arbitrary size, the main thing is that there is at least one bud of renewal. The surface of the cuts should be sprinkled with ash. Then the cut bushes should be planted in the ground as soon as possible and watered.

Plant new primrose bushes at a distance of 10-15 cm from each other, and large species (fine-toothed, Florinda) at a distance of 20-30 cm. Adhere to the rule that there is no open space between adjacent bushes, especially small species. Then the rosettes of leaves shade the soil near the bush, and it dries out less. After transplanting, the plants need to be watered if there is a drought.

Division allows you to kill two birds with one stone: to get new planting material and to rejuvenate the plant. If primroses grow in one place for a long time without transplanting, then their flowering decreases, and rhizomes located close to the soil surface are exposed. This can lead to freezing in cold winters and dry out in hot weather. Therefore, every year in the fall, starting from the second year, you need to add nutritious soil to the plants, or mulch with foliage to cover the rhizome.

When dividing a bush, pieces of rhizome will certainly remain, try to propagate primroses with root cuttings. They are planted in a light nutritious substrate to a depth of 2.5–3 cm. With sufficient humidity and the presence of heat, new sockets will hatch from the buds of renewal.

How to propagate a garden primrose

As you can see, caring for perennial primrose in the open field is simple, does not require special knowledge, except that reproduction can cause difficulties.

Growing primrose from seeds

This is the most problematic breeding method. Much depends on the quality of the seeds, storage conditions, and storage duration. The fact. that primrose seeds quickly lose their germination, this happens especially quickly. if they were kept at temperatures above 18 degrees. Agree. few stores and warehouses will bother maintaining optimal storage conditions. When shopping in a store, we look at the shelf life - if too much time has passed, we refuse it.

Another failure is related to that. that many species of primrose, in addition to the fine-toothed and ordinary primrose, need a period of stratification - an imitation of the cold period in which the seeds are sleeping, but an enzyme is produced inside that will make them wake up after hibernation. More reliable late planting by the end of autumn - about November.

I take a plastic shallow container with a lid. I make a lot of drainage holes there. I fill it with loose soil, compact it, moisten it a little from a spray bottle, spread the seeds with a toothpick - at least a dozen per square centimeter, while pressing down slightly.I close the container with a lid. I dig it into the ground. I insulate it with a layer of spunbond, leave it for the winter. In the spring, unsuccessful shoots will appear, which, when a real leaf appears, can dive into the ground or separate shallow containers.

A similar procedure can be done by planting primrose seeds in winter (December-January). Place the closed container in a plastic bag and bury it under snow with a cover thickness of at least 30-40 centimeters. This can be done right in the urban setting of the front garden, garages, sheds, just mark the place of the ditch.
Placing the planted seeds in the refrigerator. freezer, just cooling the bags and similar manipulations, no matter how hard I tried, did not lead to success.

If we plant species. not requiring stratification, I advise you to sow them in February. at the latest, using a container with a lid. When the seeds sprout. the lid is removed for a short time, accustoming to normal conditions, this time is gradually increased; finally, they shoot it altogether. If necessary, moisten only with a spray.

The pick is carried out. when a couple of real leaves appear, using small containers with drainage holes. For planting in such cups, I use a small teaspoon to grab a lump of soil with the roots.

Further care consists in hardening, if the weather allows you to take the plants to the balcony or loggia with a temperature of at least 10 degrees. careful watering. I don't use fertilizers, but I buy land.

In the spring I plant primrose seedlings in a school for growing, and in a permanent place - next year or this fall, according to the situation.

Depending on the type and variety, the garden primrose will bloom in six months or it will take two or three years to wait.

Seeds of hybrid varieties, harvested and planted in the ground. the properties of their parents do not repeat, this must be taken into account.

Other harvested seeds can be sown immediately after harvesting, preferably in containers. dug into the soil. So that the landings are not lost. it is necessary to provide such crops with the necessary moisture.

Propagation of primrose by dividing the bush

The easiest and most reliable way. produced by the end of summer. just a socket is separated from the main bush with a sharp knife. for good health, you can free a part of the bush from the ground and separate the rosette with roots. Sprinkle the cut with ash. For convenience, you can dig up the entire bush, but I don't. We plant the separated specimens in prepared soil at a distance of 15-20 cm from each other.

When to plant primrose in the ground depends on the species. flowering time, it can be early spring or after flowering. end of July - August.

Reproduction of garden primrose using rosettes

When we have a valuable species of primrose, but a single specimen, you can cut off the rosette formed next to it with a sharp knife, without digging out a bush. She has not yet formed roots, but has their beginnings. We plant the cuttings in wet soil, cover with half of a plastic dark bottle. After a month, roots are formed, the rosette will become an independent plant. you just need to gradually accustom her to the light and humidity of the surrounding air. From my own experience I know - the result is 100%. So there is no need to wait for emergency breeding. until the bush grows.

Perennial garden primrose: planting and care

Planting site for perennial primrose

This primrose prefers partial shade, although it can grow in the sun, but we must remember that in open places, delicate leaves are burned in it.

There are different varieties of early flowering and later primroses, but as a rule, flowering occurs in the month of May, when the sun is already “beating down” enough.

The best planting option is the trunks of trees and shrubs. For several years, primrose forms a flower meadow.

It can be planted somewhere in a secluded corner even in the shade of the building, the flowers will have enough moisture and lighting, and in the summer it has a dormant period.

And if your variety blooms twice, then in the fall, when all the plants have already faded, the primrose wakes up - and again pleases us with its variegated color.

Primrose prefers light, crumbly soils, does not grow on heavy loamy soils.

Reproduction of perennial primrose

Garden primrose easily propagates by dividing the rhizome. It tolerates transplanting well even during flowering.

But still, it is better to transplant not in the midst of flowering, but before or after, right up to October.

Propagated by seeds through seedlings. Primula grows well by self-seeding.

Overwintering perennial primrose

Winters well under favorable conditions. In winter, you can specially put more snow on the primrose. If the winter is dry and snowless, you can cover it on top with spruce branches.

It happens that a few bushes fall out, so plant the primrose in more, or even better share with your neighbors, so that later you can restore the variety.

There are many hybrids of the flower, with very beautiful coloring and very large flowers.

I call such primroses seasonal toys, even with good shelter there is a small chance of overwintering them.

I love auricular or auricula and akaulis (simple flowers). They winter normally even in the conditions of the Leningrad region.

The only thing is, if the primrose grew earlier in the apartment, then it will not take root, buy garden material.

Terry akaulis are insanely beautiful, but the inhabitants of the Central Russia can only dream of them - they freeze out.

The exceptions are forms with pale lemon-yellow and lilac-pink flowers, but even then 50/50.

But, the most proven garden primroses are ordinary or stemless, with me and my friends they always overwinter, grow well, not whimsical.

The flowers, of course, are ordinary, but they come in different colors.

Perennial primrose care

Caring for garden primrose is weeding.

Complex fertilization should be applied in the spring, as well as in the summer at the end of June - July.

Primrose, or primrose, belongs to the Primroses family. This is an insanely beautiful perennial flower that blooms in early spring. In the wild, there are more than 500 species of primrose, common in Asia, America and Europe.

The plant is found in forests, mountainous regions and plains on moist, humus-rich soil. Some rare species of primroses are included in the Red Book of the Russian Federation. These include primrose primrose, Julia, Darial, Berengi.

Primrose advantages:

pleasant aroma;
early abundant and long flowering;
variety of shapes and colors;
winter hardiness;
fast reproduction;
decorative foliage (until late autumn).

If you collect different types of primrose in your collection, the flowers will delight with their beauty from early spring to late summer. There are varieties that bloom twice a season - in spring and autumn.

Early primroses bloom in spring almost immediately after the snow melts. Duration of flowering - until the end of May.Perennial primroses are used as an ornamental culture in any flower beds, borders, rabatkas, on alpine hills.

From their group plantings, a picturesque, very bright carpet is formed. If you want a beautiful garden to appear on your windowsill in March, plant primrose in pots in the fall. Also, the flower is used to decorate flowerpots and containers.

Description of primrose: varieties and varieties

Primrose is prized for its bright colors of various shades, some varieties have a pleasant smell, and primrose leaves can also be eaten. Although primrose varieties are numerous, not all of them are grown in the gardens.

Primroses have a very rich palette of shades.

Garden types can be divided into:

umbrella;
cushion;

Primula cushion

capitate;
tiered;
candelabra;
bell-shaped.

Primrose capitate

Any owner in the garden has a plot on which nothing can be planted. Nothing grows there. It is best to plant primroses on such sites, because among them there are such unpretentious varieties that they grow absolutely anywhere, wherever you plant them. And maybe they will not be the brightest flowers in your flower bed, but they will invariably delight you with fresh spring greenery. For this, spring primrose or common primrose is well suited. The same practically undemanding, but brighter and more spectacular are the fine-toothed and auricular primroses.

Primroses bloom early, in April, and bloom until July. And some of the varieties bloom again in late summer.

Reproduction, planting and caring for perennial garden primrose

Here you will learn how to grow a perennial primrose in your garden.

All primroses love moist but not flooded soils and shade. Indeed, in nature, they grow under the canopy of trees and shrubs or on the northern side of the mountains and foothills.

When growing garden perennial primroses, clay soils are unfavorable, they must be loosened with sand, humus and peat.

Primula gratefully tolerates transplants. It can be replanted in spring, summer and autumn. The only condition is abundant watering and preservation of a clod of earth. However, early spring and the first half of September should be recognized as the optimal time for planting. Of course, the quality of the planting material must be good. After planting, the plants should be watered abundantly for 10-15 days. Subsequent care - mulching, weeding and watering.

After planting garden perennial primroses, when caring for them, you should definitely give three fertilizing dressings. One - in early spring (nitrogen), the second - 2-3 weeks after the first (phosphorus) and the third - in early August (potassium-phosphorus-nitrogen). However, the dose of fertilizer for evening primrose should be low.

Water the primrose abundantly, but not often, only on the hottest and driest days. But at the end of August, watering should be increased. During this period, new leaves are formed and buds are laid. If it's a long, warm autumn, the primrose can bloom, which is not at all desirable. Flowers must be cut off, and the plant must be fertilized so that in winter it does not go exhausted

It is very important to keep the leaves until late autumn. They not only nourish plants, but also provide a natural shelter for the winter.

Dividing a bush is the easiest way. Divide three-year-old bushes in spring or late summer. When planting, do not deepen the root collar. You should also take into account the strong proliferation of plants, so they must be planted at a distance of at least 20 cm from each other.

Propagation by primrose seeds is not difficult and highly desirable, since there is a complete rejuvenation of the plant. Seeds must be sown fresh this fall. Sowing is done in open ground, boxes or pots. Seedlings dive when two true leaves appear at a distance of 10-12 cm from each other. Only in the second year they are transplanted to a permanent place.When propagating and caring for primrose for the winter, seedlings must be covered with dry leaves with a layer of 10 cm.

Primroses are widely used as curb plants, in the formation of separate groups, in shady alpine hills.