Buttercup species
In the vastness of Russia, ranunculus is found in fields and forests; the full species diversity includes more than 650 species. All types are suitable for use in landscaping personal plots. But most often, several basic types are used for decorative purposes:
Buttercup Decorative (Ranunculus)
The most popular species among flower growers, which is characterized by high decorativeness. In the northern hemisphere, the most suitable varieties for growing
- Terry, or, more commonly, the name pion-shaped, was named for the visual similarity of its flowers with peonies; its color is large, monochromatic, buds are tight;
- French - semi-double color petals, located in 2-3 rows around the stem;
- Persian - has small flowers with semi-double or smooth petals; was named because it resembles Persian kittens;
- Buttercup Masha welcomes cultivation from seeds. Has terry petals painted in white, which are framed with a bright border; the plant itself is low (30-40 centimeters), its stem is branching;
- Turtle-shaped (African) - its flowers are spherical in shape with very fleecy double petals.
Buttercup Caustic or Chicken Blindness
Herbaceous perennial, the height of the branched stem ranges from 20 to 50 centimeters. The lower leaves are much larger than the upper ones and have a leaf blade close to a solid one. The upper leaves are densely dissected and have linear lobes. The number of leaves towards the top of the stem also decreases. The flowers of caustic buttercup are simple, no more than 2 centimeters in size, have 5 wide yellow petals. It begins to bloom in the month of June.
Buttercup yellow golden
Its straight stem reaches a height of up to 40 centimeters. Its rounded toothed leaves are concentrated at the root of the plant and have long petioles. At the top of the stem, occasionally single sessile leaves are located linearly. Buttercup blooms from April to June. The flowers are small with a lowered calyx, the corolla is simple bell-shaped, the petals are colored yellow. Occurs in places with damp soil: forests, meadows.
Buttercup Poisonous
It cannot boast of high decorativeness. After all, its flowers are simple, small and colored yellow. But plant sap is used in folk medicine, for example, to treat scabies.
Ranunculus buttercup plant video review
Buttercup creeping photo
Perennial. Its creeping stem, 15-40 centimeters long, is covered with short villi. The branches of the stem, in contact with the soil, take root, forming a new plant. The bright green leaves of the buttercup have petioles, and cover the stem to the very top. It blooms with simple yellow flowers of the correct shape, consisting of 5 petals. The flowering period begins in early June. Very poisonous.
Banewort
A stunted representative of 20-50 centimeters, grassy. The stem is erect or ascending, covered with diamond-shaped and oval-shaped leaves along the entire height. The lower leaves have long petioles, the upper ones are planted on the stem. Its small (0.8-1.2 cm) single flowers are yellow in color. As the name implies, buttercup juice is hot and can cause severe skin irritation.
Asiatic buttercup (asiaticus)
Its branching erect stem is decorated with bright green foliage with fluff and grows up to 45 centimeters. Flowers of this type of buttercup have a diameter of 4-6 centimeters and various colors. They are located singly or in inflorescences of 2-4 flowers. Flowering begins in July. Perennial.
Sayan buttercup
Differs in curved stems, about 20-30 centimeters in height. The leaves are 2-3 centimeters in diameter, round or heart-shaped. Upper the sheets are attached to the stem, and the lower ones produce long petioles. With the onset of July, flowering begins with a small yellow color. The receptacle is covered with fine hairs.
Buttercup multi-flowered
Herbaceous perennial plant with a height of 40 to 80 centimeters. Its erect stems are branched and covered with fine villi, like foliage. The leaves are round-cordate; have deeply finger-dissected, which are divided into linear or linear-lanceolate segments. Blooming with simple bright yellow flowers lasts from June to August.
We repeat, but! Absolutely all described types of buttercups are poisonous. In cultural cultivation, it is necessary to provide for protection from children and pets, or refuse to plant.
Buttercup species
More than six hundred different representatives of culture are known. They differ in the degree of toxicity and usefulness. Creeping, poisonous, multi-flowered, watery have become widespread and used. These species are safely grown as horticultural
Creeping
Differs in creeping, long stems, growing up to 40 cm. It was called "creeping" precisely because of its appearance. In some places, the stems even take root, propagating vegetatively.
Honey-yellow buds begin to bloom on each stem from the end of spring. Flowering ends with the beginning of autumn. The diameter of the inflorescences reaches 2 cm. The creeping buttercup can be grown in the shade and partial shade.
Creeping buttercup
Multi-flowered
Perennial with a straight double stem. The flowers are large and bright yellow; they adorn the culture only in the middle of summer (June-July). The stem and petioles are covered with hairs. The plates are wedge-shaped and long. In the wild, it is found on forest outskirts and fields.
Multicolor buttercup
Water
It is known as swamp. It is strikingly different from its “brothers” in that it grows right in the water. It can be planted in an aquarium. It grows up to 20 cm. When the stems reach 8-10 cm, they begin to creep. The rich green plates of the leaves are carved and resemble a star. More often grown in nurseries and greenhouses.
The inflorescences are white and rise above the water. At the beginning of autumn, ovoid fruits are formed on the plant, the top of which is decorated with stabbing bristles. It is widespread not only in Asia, Europe, but also in America and Africa. Its uniqueness lies in the fact that it feels great in shallow streams and reservoirs.
Water buttercup
Poisonous
Not perennial. After a year or two, the plant is sown again. The height of the hollow stem from the inside is variable, depending on the growing conditions, from 10 to 70 cm. The diameter of the tiny pale yellow flowers is 7-10 mm.
The decorative appearance of the flower is given by ovoid oblong green leaves. The content of alkaloids in the plates of this variety is the highest.
This requires the most careful handling of the crop.
Poisonous buttercup
Pungent
Popularly known as night blindness. The tallest member of the buttercup family. It can grow up to the waist of an adult. The inflorescences have a golden-sunny hue. Straight, branching at the end, the stem is covered with appressed fine hairs.
The rhizome is short. It is a bundle of many filamentous processes. Flowers bloom at the ends of the twigs, do not gather in large inflorescences. They are bright and look pretty impressive.
The plant was called "night blindness" because of the poisonous sap that irritates the mucous membrane. It is believed that poultry grazing in a buttercup field loses their sight. There is no scientific evidence for this fact.
Pungent buttercup
A set of measures for the care of Buttercup
The plant is not particularly difficult to care for.
To obtain a beautiful flower arrangement, it is sufficient to follow a number of simple rules of agricultural technology:
- preliminary preparatory work
- watering mode
- feeding method
- loosening and weeding
- removal of dried and faded inflorescences
- preventive measures to prevent diseases and swelling of pests
Watering mode
An unpretentious plant does not require close attention. The flower does not react well to excessive watering or dryness of the soil. For an optimal condition, experts recommend watering no more than once every two or three days.
In case of accumulation of a large volume of water in the area of the rhizome of the flower, a rotting root system may appear.
The amount of watering should be reduced when the following situations occur:
- the presence of a bloom of white bloom in the area of the stem or on the leaves of the flower
- falling off only buds set long before flowering
Gardeners finish watering Buttercups at the end of summer, before the foliage turns yellow.
When growing Buttercup at home, watering should be done regularly using water at room temperature. The plant loves well-moisturized soil. The main thing is not to be too zealous and not to pour water on the bushes. For better growth, it is necessary to maintain a humidity regime in the room. In a hot period, it is recommended to spray the plant from a spray bottle, to do a light shower. When growing shrubs at home, shrubs require more frequent watering than outdoors.
Top dressing
When growing a Garden Buttercup in open ground and home conditions experts advise feeding in the summer season and spring. The frequency of the event is once every two weeks. Mineral, potash and organic fertilizers, peat or diluted compost are suitable as material for feeding. For best results, it is better to alternate the two types of feeding. Potash fertilizers are applied at the rate of fifty grams per square meter of planting.
Ranunculus in natural habitat
Most varieties of flowers in the family begin to bloom only after top dressing. During the period of active growth, the flower especially requires fertilizers, preference should be given to compositions rich in nitrogen, phosphorus-potassium compositions.
Removing weeds and loosening the soil
The Asiatic Buttercup requires careful attention. Weeds should be removed at least once a week.
Timely weeding and loosening of the soil will allow you to grow a lush flower bed of bright flowers
The procedure will provide oxygen access to the root system.
Removal of dried and faded inflorescences
The plant requires timely cutting of dried inflorescences. For the procedure, gardeners use a pruner or a sharp knife. The event is necessary to organize the space for the flowering of young buds.
Ranunculus in a street pot
Untimely removal of dried buttercup inflorescences leads to poor flowering. The plant puts all its energy into growing new foliage, not buds.
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How to care after flowering
In the fall, the ranunculus plant must be dug up. Do this when the leaves turn yellow and dry.
After cutting off the leaves, the tubers should be carefully removed from the soil. This perennial flower, wrapped in moss or a paper bag, should overwinter in a basement at a temperature of 5-6 degrees.
Beforehand, a half-hour etching in a solution of foundation is required, and then it must be dried for several days. On the open ground, the rhizome can be left in the ground, covered with foliage or spruce branches.
But this can only be done if there are no frosty winters in your climatic zone.
If you keep ranunculus flowers at home, then after the end of the flowering period they should be placed in a shaded place. When the leaves turn yellow and dry out, the plant is transplanted into new soil and left in a room with a temperature of 16-18 degrees.
New shoots can be seen already in April. The dug tubers are stored in the basement or in the refrigerator.But in order to preserve the beauty of flowering, it is recommended to buy new tubers for planting.
Ranunculus is a wonderful flower to decorate your flower bed or balcony. The plant can be used in bouquets or kept in a vase of water. The growing process is simple and the flowering is great.
Growing buttercups from seeds
Garden buttercups need to be sown for seedlings early, so that they have time to develop before the onset of frost - in February or early March
The substrate in the container / box must be leveled and the seeds must be scattered over its surface, keeping a distance of 1.5 cm, then carefully cover them on top with sifted soil (depth, should not exceed 3 mm)
After that, it is recommended to spray and cover the container with foil. For germination, buttercups need a humid environment, a temperature of 15-20 ℃ and bright lighting (for example, a well-lit windowsill). Humidification is recommended to be carried out using a finely dispersed spray gun, preventing the soil from drying out, and you should not forget to periodically wipe the glass for drying and ventilate the room.
The first shoots should appear in 15-20 days, after which the film must be removed, the temperature must be increased to 18-22 ℃ and additional illumination should be started so that daylight hours for the plant lasts at least 10 hours. Planting in the ground is carried out in the first year of cultivation.
Planting flowers
Culture is not capricious. Even a novice gardener can handle planting a buttercup. The main thing is to follow the basic rules and recommendations.
Soil preparation
To plant a plant, you need to prepare the soil. It should be nutritious, lightweight, waterproof and breathable. These parameters are fully consistent with the mixture, which consists of:
- coarse sand (preferably river);
- humus;
- black soil;
- garden land.
The ratio of the components is 1: 1: 1: 2. The alternative is peat and leaf substrate soil with the addition of sand (1: 1: 1/2), which is pre-pierced for about 30-40 minutes at a temperature of 180 degrees. If the buttercup is grown in containers, they equip good drainage.
Preparing the soil for planting buttercup
Landing options
Reproduction is carried out in several ways:
- From the rhizome. The tubers must be healthy. If you see signs of fungus or mold damage on them, they are not suitable. Choose a strong, not too thin and medium-length rhizome. Too large can be divided into several parts. The tubers are kept in a biostimulator until the cones slightly increase, and then they are buried by 5 cm, maintaining a distance of 10 cm between plantings. The wells are filled up and watered abundantly.
- Seeds. The planting material is sown in wide shallow containers with sand, moistened with a spray bottle. They will organize a greenhouse. Use polyethylene or glass, airing daily. The mini-greenhouse is removed in a warm, but protected from direct sunlight place. You can open the greenhouse after the appearance of three full leaves. Seedlings are transplanted and watered gently. Plants bloom in the second year.
- Shoots. The method is used extremely rarely due to the fact that it leads to degeneration. In growing specimens, the petals become smaller and become pale.
If you decide to sow seeds, you should carefully inspect the packaging and purchase with the F1 mark. Choice of method growing a garden flower buttercup depends on what kind of planting material is possible to obtain.
Seed propagation process
Popular species and varieties
- Asiatic buttercup - this variety is distinguished by its beautiful double flowers, which have a great similarity to roses. The shrub grows to about forty centimeters in height.
- African buttercup - This variety is very similar to a peony. Its distinctive features are flower petals, which, as it were, are wrapped inward and bright green leaves of large size.
- Pungent Buttercup - This species is often found in the wild, prefers moist meadow or forest soils and partial shade areas. The plant is frost-resistant and has medicinal properties. Active flowering begins in early summer, the flowers are golden-yellow in color.
- Aconitol buttercup - this species is distinguished by flowering white or yellow. The shrub reaches a height of almost 80 centimeters.
- Anemoliferous buttercup is a low-growing bush plant (no more than 30 centimeters in height).
- Many-flowered buttercup - this perennial type of shrub blooms throughout the summer, medium in height (about half a meter), blooms with shiny yellow flowers.
Garden buttercups retain their decorative properties for 3-4 years, after which it is advisable to update the varieties.
Buttercup care
Taking care of the culture is pretty simple. It does not differ in any increased requirements. The main thing is to comply with the rules and recommendations regarding the main points of the content.
Proper watering
The main difficulty in caring for buttercups is precisely the moistening of the substrate. The soil should not dry out or be poured. Excess moisture causes rhizome decay. It is recommended to water the flowerbed when the top layer dries up.
The frequency of hydration is reduced after the flowering period. The plant begins to prepare for the resting phase and does not require additional watering. It is completely discarded when the leaves turn yellow.
To avoid excess moisture, the bottom of the grooves is laid out with drainage. It can be expanded clay or pebbles.
Correct watering of flowers
Lighting
Almost all varieties of culture prefer diffused light. Direct sunlight burns the sheet plates. A flower bed with buttercups should be illuminated for at least 5-6 hours daily.
Penumbra is not a problem either. The plant thrives even in such conditions. If it is planted in a place open to the sun, it is recommended to organize shading using a mesh.
Moisture
Buttercups prefer moderate humidity. In too hot weather, the bushes should be sprayed. For this purpose, settled water is used. It is best to leave the liquid to stand in the sun throughout the day.
Fertilizing buttercups flowers
Top dressing
To provide full care for representatives of the Buttercup family, regular feeding is required. Experienced growers recommend using nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Top dressing is applied every 3 weeks.
When buds appear on the bush, complexes with phosphorus with potassium are used, which are given to the culture every 14 days. Organic matter is also needed. Rotted compost will do. It is used only at the beginning of the vegetative phase.
Loosening the soil
Buttercup roots need fresh air. Loosening allows to enrich the soil with oxygen. The procedure allows you to get rid of stagnant water. It is recommended to repeat it every week.
It is necessary not only to loosen the soil, but also to carry out weeding at the same time, getting rid of weeds
The main thing is to be careful. Otherwise, you can damage not only the rhizome, but also the stems.
Planting ranunculus bulbs
It is best to buy tubers in February-March, since in winter they should be stored at a temperature of + 5 ° C and an air humidity of no more than 60%. If stored incorrectly, the tubers will not be viable and will not germinate. When buying, you should carefully consider the tubers: they should not be lethargic and dry, and also too soft.
You can plant tubers in the house and grow seedlings, or place the tubers directly in the ground in an open area. For planting select the largest bulbs, which have 4 "marigolds".
Planting and caring for ranunculus in the house begins with growing seedlings. For seedlings, tubers are planted in containers with soil in late March or early April. The soil is made by mixing the same parts of humus, black soil and river sand. Drainage from broken bricks and small pebbles is placed on the bottom of the container.
The tubers are prepared before planting - first, the bulbs are kept in a manganese solution for 30 minutes. Instead of potassium permanganate, to protect the bulbs from decay, they can be placed in a solution of the drug "Maxim".
After they put a napkin in a plastic container, the fabric is moistened with a solution of pure water and a few drops of Zircon or Epin, Energen, Kornevin. Then spread the onions on top and cover them with a dry napkin. Leave for 4-5 hours. When the bulbs begin to swell, they can already be planted.
Or you can do it differently: pour a little bit of soil purchased from the store on the bottom of the container, water it abundantly and put the bulbs. Spray on top from a spray bottle and cover with a film
When the roots begin to appear, you can carefully transplant the bulbs into containers filled with earth.
If you need to immediately plant the bulbs in an open area, then this is done in mid-May, when the threat of recurrent frosts has passed.
Dig the planting holes 25 cm deep and 15 cm in diameter. A 10 cm layer of sand is poured at the bottom. Then a 10 cm layer of fertile soil is placed. After that, an onion is placed. Sprinkle it on the sides with soil. Water the plantings with warm water. Mulch with rotted sawdust. There should be a distance of 15 cm between adjacent bulbs.
When planting, the tubers are placed at the bottom of the hole with their "beak" down, then covered with a 5-8 cm layer of earth. The upper bud of the tuber must not be covered with soil, otherwise the plant will die.
Ranunculus does not like transplanting, so you can immediately plant the bulbs in open ground and not disturb the culture again.
If there are frosts or the air temperature drops sharply, then cover the planting with non-woven material: spanboid, lutrasil.
Enviable variety of immodest ranunculus
Buttercup or Asian Ranunculus (Ranunculus asiaticus), also known as Ranunculus, is a herbaceous perennial with a tuberous rhizome, the shape of which is most reminiscent of spiders and carrots. In length, the roots reach only 2.5 cm. Stems are weakly branching or non-branching, up to 50 cm in height. Leaves and shoots are heavily pubescent. The greens are few, tripartite, bright in color, a bit like dahlia leaves.
Buttercup flowers up to 6 cm in diameter are semi-double or double, very rarely simple. Most often they are solitary, consist of so many densely spaced petals that they seem almost artificial. They resemble balls, roses, peonies or turbans in shape. The garden buttercup blooms in June, flowering continues for a not so long period, but incomparable in its beauty.
Among garden buttercups, there are both tall and lower varieties that can be grown both in open soil and in a pot culture. Representatives of the four main decorative groups of buttercups do not lose their popularity today:
- cut varieties of the group of Persian buttercups, the flower shape of which really resembles legendary hats;
- touching French buttercups, the most graceful species with two rows of petals creating strikingly symmetrical patterns;
- long-flowering peony buttercups with their incredible variety of varieties;
- turban, Turkish or African buttercups, the flowers of which are striking not only with a spherical shape, but also with an incredible number of petals.
But new varieties and mixtures of buttercup - 'Bloomingdale Mix', 'Bloomingdale Strain', 'Rose Bicolor', 'Color Carnival', 'Double Pink Mix', 'Tecolote Strain', 'Tecolote Giants',' Rebecca Mix ',' Early Dwarf Strain ', etc.
The strategy for growing garden buttercups from seeds is the same for other types of buttercups, including perennials.
The soil
Garden buttercups grow well only in light and loose soil, weakly acidic or neutral pH 5.5-7. Loamy soil (too heavy and dense soil) or sandy loam soil (too poor in nutrients) is not suitable for growing them. Heavy soils are loosened with sand and peat.Peat soil is more suitable, but if it is too acidic, lime is added to it. However, it is also desirable to improve pure peat - add humus to the planting hole in flower beds, both in the form of compost and forest leaf humus (rotten fallen leaves), as well as sand
It is important that the earth did not retain moisture for a long time, but when watering it absorbed water well, and it is difficult to moisten ordinary peat soil well and evenly
It is advisable to prepare and dig up the flowerbeds in the fall, so that the introduced compost is well mixed and the earth is crumbled.
Ranunculus care
Planting and caring for ranunculus in the open field include placing tubers in the soil, constant watering them. You also need to pull up weeds, shallowly loosen the ground after each watering or rainstorm. Since the tubers can rot, the soil should be loosened at least once a week so that enough oxygen is supplied to the roots.
Watering ranunculus
Immediately after planting, the culture is watered with a small amount of water. The rhizomes of the flower do not tolerate either an excess of water or a lack of it. Because of this, the crop is watered regularly, but not abundantly, but in moderation. After watering, the soil should be slightly damp and collect in small lumps. Water after about 2-3 days. It is especially necessary to water in a timely manner during flowering, since the flowers die when there is a lack of water. At the end of August, they begin to water once every 4-5 days.
Top dressing of ranunculus
In the spring, the culture is fed by diluting 1 share of mullein in 10 shares of pure water. You can feed it with potassium sulfate, sprinkling 40 g per 1 m² of soil, after digging it shallowly and be sure to water it with water. They are also fed with ash, since it contains potassium. Before blooming buds, the flower needs potassium and limestone. You can use nitroammophoska, nitrophosphate, pouring 50 g into 10 liters of water and consuming this composition per m².
It is very good to feed the culture of Kemira Lux once every 2 weeks. In addition to the 3 basic elements that plants require, this fertilizer also contains the whole complex of trace elements. Water by dissolving 1 tbsp. a spoonful of top dressing in a bucket of water (10 l).
When the inflorescences fade, they are cut off so that new ones appear, since the inflorescences grow very densely and interfere with the neighboring ones. At the end of August, the stems are cut to the ground.
Preparing for winter
In the center of Russia, tubers are dug up. This is done when the foliage of the crop turns yellow and dry.
The nodules are very fragile, because of this, they must be carefully excavated. They clean the soil and cut the stems from them.
Every year, 5-7 daughter ones appear on each adult bulb, they can be separated. The tubers are washed in water and placed in a weak solution of potassium permanganate or Fitosporin for half an hour. For soaking 10 g of Fitosporin powder is dissolved in 0.5 l of water, flowers are sprayed with this solution. This rate is enough to process 20 kg of bulbs.
After the tubers are dried for 3 days in the shade. Then wrapped in paper and put in boxes. The boxes are moved to a room with an air temperature of about + 5 ° C, they can also be placed in a refrigerator. You can also wrap the tubers in dry moss.
