Is the plant listed in the Red Book
Despite on what The distribution area of the plant is large, the common swimsuit is included in the Red Book in some regions. On the territory of the Russian Federation, Belarus, Armenia and in some European countries, this flower is a protected species.
Such a plant is a very valuable melliferous plant, as well as wild-growing swimsuits provide breeders with rich material for creating garden hybrids. Thoughtless gathering of bright colors causes irreparable damage to this species and does not allow it to reproduce peacefully. That is why the flower needed a letter of protection.
As mentioned earlier, the plant develops within two years, which means that it takes two years for new flowers to appear. Only then will a fully developed specimen drop the seeds into the ground. Therefore, you should think about the next time you want to collect a bouquet of bright yellow "lanterns".
What does a perennial plant swimsuit look like (with photo)
According to the botanical description, the swimsuit (Trollius) is a perennial plant that forms a compact bush 50-100 cm high with erect leafy stems ending in 1-2 large spherical flowers.
Leaves are light or dark green, depending on the species, palmate-separate, sessile, formed from the root zone.
The flowers of the swimsuit, like all buttercups, are distinguished by glossy, lacquered petals of bright sunny colors - lemon yellow, golden yellow, bright orange. Flowers are round in shape, can be open and semi-closed.
Corollas consist of 5 - 20 petal sepals. They overlap each other and have a spiral arrangement. At the end of flowering, they fall off.
The culture blooms in May - early June, but there are also late species that bloom in July - August. Flowering lasts 18-25 days. During flowering, the plant emits a pleasant, subtle aroma.
The fruit is a rounded compound fruit, which consists of leaflets closely adjacent to one another. Seeds are small, black, shiny.
When describing the flower of the swimsuit, it should be noted that it is poisonous and causes burns on the skin, therefore close contact with it should be avoided and all planting work should be carried out only with gloves.
Caring for a swimsuit in the garden
Growing a swimsuit in the garden
Young bathers, as already mentioned, need regular moistening of the soil, and in the first month and protection from direct sunlight. By the age of two or three, the bushes growing in open areas reach a height of 50-60 cm.In partial shade, the bathing suit can grow up to 80-90 cm, and the stems and leaf petioles become longer, however, the bathing suit growing in partial shade forms fewer flowers, and the color is not so intense. In the shade, the development of the plant slows down, and it can reach its maximum size only in the sixth or seventh year. Lack of lighting also negatively affects the number of flowers formed by the plant and the brightness of their color.
Watering and feeding the swimsuit
Regular and thorough watering is required not only for young bathers, but also for mature plants, especially during a prolonged drought. For irrigation, use only settled and heated by the sun water: the easiest way is to install a tank or other large container in a sunny place in the garden, in which rainwater will be collected. After watering or rain, the soil is loosened and the weeds are destroyed.
Sometimes watering the swimsuit is combined with top dressing, using a solution of a teaspoon of urea in a bucket of water as fertilizer.The bather is also well accepted by such nutritional complexes as Nitrofoska and Agricola, the solution of which is prepared in the same proportion as the urea solution. Top dressing is necessary for a swimsuit at the time of bud break and before flowering.
Reproduction and transplantation of a swimsuit
You already know how to grow a swimsuit from seeds, but the seed method for propagating this plant is rarely used. Usually, a swimsuit is propagated vegetatively - by dividing the curtain, carried out every five years at the end of August or at the beginning of September. You can divide healthy, developed plants in the fifth or sixth year of life, because at this age the swimsuit that does not tolerate transplantation has a lot of vitality that will help her to cope with stress.
The mother plant needs to be dug out, its roots must be cleaned from the ground, washed well and cut into pieces with a sharp sterile knife, each of which should have several rosette shoots with roots. The sections are treated with a solution of potassium permanganate or wood ash, after which the cuttings are immediately planted in pre-prepared pits located at a distance of 30-40 cm from each other. The root collar should be deepened by 2-3 cm, and the leaves of the swimsuits should be cut off after planting. New leaves will begin to grow in just two weeks.
Swimsuit in winter
Almost all types of swimwear have such a property as cold resistance, therefore they spend the winter in the garden without shelter. When the leaves of the plant die off in September-October, they are cut off, leaving only petioles 2-3 cm long above the ground, which will protect the bud located in the center of the outlet. It is this bud that will give a peduncle next year.
Necessary security measures
Creation of an effective control system preventing the illegal collection of protected plants, including in protected areas. Strengthening explanatory work on the inadmissibility of collecting flowering plants in nature and the feasibility of growing cultivated varieties of the species in gardens and in personal plots. Compliance with the protection regime of protected areas in terms of prohibiting the collection and digging of plants, as well as limiting grazing and haymaking in terms of timing, areas and intensity. Control of the state of populations. It is advisable to preserve the gene pool of threatened populations under culture conditions by growing plants from seeds and subsequent reintroduction.
11.Interesting facts
The name "trollius" or "troll flower" came from the Scandinavian countries. People believed that trolls gather on warm June nights and brew a magic drink that cures all diseases. For cooking, special golden bowls are used, which are carried on high poles. Morning comes, the trolls go to bed, and instead of bowls, attractive flowers appear. Some associate the name Trollius with the shape of the buds - translated from the Latin "Trulleus" - a bowl, a round vessel.
The Russian name "swimsuit" reflects the moisture-loving nature of this flower - because it is often found on the banks of rivers and lakes. There is another version, according to which the flower is named after Agrafena Kupalnitsa, the Slavic patroness of water bodies.
All parts of the plant are poisonous, even if the juice of the flower gets on the skin of the hands, it can cause contact dermatitis - protect your hands with gloves when working with the flower.
Early flowering and a pleasant smell attract bees and other beneficial insects to the site - kupavka is an excellent honey plant.
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Traditional medicine: bathing suit treatment
Despite the risks associated with the toxicity of frying, and the lack of an assessment of its qualities by official medicine, there are many recipes for various diseases among the people. More often, remedies are prepared from it for the treatment of hemorrhoids, abscesses, scabies, scurvy, as well as for relieving edema in heart disease and angina pectoris. Let us consider in more detail how to prepare a medicine from the herb in each case.
With hemorrhoids
V home conditions similar diseases are treated with trays and lotions. To prepare the broth, it is enough to pour 1 cup of boiling water over 1 tablespoon of crushed dried flowers and boil the mixture over low heat for about 5 minutes. Then the broth is wrapped in a terry towel, and left to brew well. An hour later, the drug can be filtered and applied externally.
The components that make up the herb will relieve inflammation and swelling, which will ease the general condition of the patient. Such lotions or baths are recommended up to 3-4 times a day during the entire period of exacerbation of the disease. 
For abscesses for wound healing
Boils and other festering wounds are popularly treated with fresh frying leaves. But if the disease happened in the winter, when there is no way to get the necessary drug, you can use an infusion from dried raw materials.
For its preparation, 1 teaspoon of crushed dry leaves are poured with 1 glass of boiling water and insisted for two hours. Then the medicine must be filtered and applied to the abscess. Make sure that the tincture is warm, otherwise the course of the disease will worsen. Be sure to tie the wound or boil. It is better to do such manipulations at night.
In cases where the ailment has worsened, it is recommended to use an ointment from a bathing suit. Its components will relieve inflammation and promote wound healing, as well as draw out pus from the abscess.
The ointment is made from fresh grass, which is pre-steamed and crushed as small as possible. The finished mass is combined with any fat in a 1: 1 ratio. To enhance the effect, add 1 teaspoon of honey to the composition. 
With cardiac edema
Diuretic teas from the bathing suit are effective in treating diseases of the cardiovascular system to relieve swelling.
For this purpose, 1 tablespoon of a dry plant (the amount of fresh raw materials is doubled) is brewed in 350 ml of boiling water, infused for an hour and taken before meals twice a day, 2 tablespoons. If the swelling is just beginning, you can reduce the dose to 1 tablespoon.
With angina
For the treatment of angina pectoris, herbalists recommend an infusion of 3 tablespoons of frying and 1 cup of boiling water. The mixture should stand for 3 hours, then strain it. Take the drug in a tablespoon three times a day, regardless of food intake.
Just one teaspoon of dried bikini flowers is enough to prepare a scurvy medicine. Raw materials are poured with a glass of boiling water and the resulting mass is infused for about an hour, then filtered. The drug for medicinal purposes is taken orally 50 ml 4 times throughout the day. 
With scabies
Traditional medicine advises treating scabies and other dermatological ailments with tincture from a bathing suit. This is one of the rare occasions when plant roots are used. They are crushed to make 1 tablespoon of raw materials, then 200 ml of boiling water is poured in, insisted for about 2 hours. Strain the finished potion. It is recommended to take 30 g orally 4-6 times a day, depending on the stage of the disease. To enhance the result, for better assimilation of the medicine, it is advised to drink oatmeal infusion with honey after taking it.
Other recipes recommend additionally treating the affected skin with a herbal decoction from a bathing suit, the preparation of which we mentioned above.
Reproduction methods
Breeding a perennial is possible by dividing the bush and sowing seeds. Any method can be successful. The seeds of the plant will ripen by autumn. You can sow them directly into open ground, but long-term stratification gives the best predictions for high germination. Therefore, sowing has to be done almost in winter. Loose soil with the possibility of air penetration is suitable for this business. The ideal option is as follows: 2 shares of peat, 2 shares of land, 1 share of sand.
In the first days of May, you can wait for shoots. If at this time the weather is warm in summer, the flowers will need increased watering and shelter from annoying rays.When a couple of full-fledged leaves appear at the seedlings, it's time to dive them. Plant the sprouts 8-10 cm apart. Division of the bush:
- In the fall, the trollius needs to be dug up, divided into parts, delenki (each - with shoots and rhizomes).
- Each piece is planted in a place prepared in advance. Before frost, the bushes should root well. If you decide to start dividing a perennial in the spring, do it before the flowering stage.
- The material prepared for planting should not dry out. You need to plant delenki quickly. Embed the root collar by 2 cm.
Features of the content of the swimsuit
Location. In culture, it is recommended to grow in open, sunny places. However, some species can grow in partial shade. It is best to choose areas with diffused sunlight for keeping this crop, for example, near spreading garden shrubs or tall trees. Many gardeners plant this flower in open flower beds.
The soil. Light or medium loamy, structural, slightly acidic, with an increased humus content of the soil are most favorable for planting swimsuits. The plant does not tolerate stagnant water well.
Fertilizer. Top dressing is given in very small doses - diluted in 10 liters of water 1 teaspoon of nitrophoska, "Potassium Humate" for garden flowers (1 tbsp. spoon for 3 l of water) or "Intermaga" for flowers and ornamental crops (1 tbsp. spoon for 10 l of water, solution consumption - up to 5 l / 1 m2) and 1 st. spoon of urea. They are fed in early May. This top dressing can be repeated before flowering. Conducted dressing will significantly increase the splendor and brightness of flowering.
Transfer. When growing a swimsuit, the gardener periodically carries out work on transplanting a bush, performing it in the middle of summer, when, after the end of flowering, the plants are at rest. At this time, the bushes are dug up and divided into small divisions with a sharp knife (3-4 buds each). Such rejuvenated delenki form large bushes with 5-6 peduncles already in the second year.
Watering and other care. During growth and flowering, if there is not enough rain, watering is necessary. The bather needs constant soil moisture, but without stagnant water. Waterlogging of the soil or lack of moisture when growing a flower swimsuit negatively affects growth, development and flowering. Watering is recommended with settled water heated under the sun. You can put a large container in the garden and fill it with water. During the day, the water will heat up. Evening watering with warm, settled water will greatly benefit the plant.
By implementing bathing suit for its better development, it is necessary to systematically pour fertile soil to the base of the bushes. To achieve secondary flowering, it is required to cut off the faded peduncles.
Wintering. The plant hibernates in the open field without any problems. In preparation for winter, the aboveground part of the bush is cut off, so that only cuttings no more than 3 cm long remain above the soil surface.The left petioles will protect the bud located in the middle of the outlet, from which next year a peduncle will grow, from frost.
Distribution in nature and features of cultivation as a cultivated plant
In nature, the flower is found in places where there is enough moisture.
Also known as kupavka, Siberian rose, roast and trollius. Scandinavian legends say that this plant, because of its beauty, was popular with fabulous forest dwellers - trolls. The Slavs loved it no less and called it "kupavka" because it is most often found near ponds and rivers.
There is a legend that the plant appeared thanks to
European or Asian? Differences in the photo
The bather is found near water bodies, at the edge of forests, in meadows and forest glades. In nature, there are more than 20 varieties of it, however, varieties of only a few of them are used as garden plants. The most common are European and Asian. They can be distinguished by the color of the flowers and the degree of disclosure of the sepals.The European flowers are lemon yellow, while the Asian ones have orange double flowers. Sepals of the Asian species are more open.
European view (left) and Asian view (right)
The halo of distribution of the plant covers Central Asia, Eastern Europe, the Polar Urals and Western Siberia. Thus, it easily adapts to almost any climate and endures cold winters.
On the territory of a suburban or suburban area, it can be located near an artificial reservoir, on an alpine slide, a flower bed or in a rose garden (since one of its alternative names is "Siberian rose").
The flowering period is at the end of May. It lasts from 1 to 2 months.
Agricultural technology of cultivation
The bather prefers neutral nutrient soils. The area where this plant is supposed to be grown should not be in the open sun. Otherwise, it is quickly depleted, the flowers become smaller, the duration of flowering is reduced.
This culture is very demanding for watering. Does not tolerate lack of moisture. Watering should be regular, accompanied by weeding and frequent loosening of the soil. The swimsuit's powerful root system requires constant oxygen supply.
Particular attention should be paid to feeding this plant. The procedure must be carried out every 10-14 days throughout the entire flowering period.
As a fertilizer, choose a universal top dressing for flowering species. The finished solution is diluted with plenty of water to reduce the concentration of the drug.
Sometimes the root system grows and becomes bare, in this case it is recommended to add fresh nutrient soil under each plant.
Timely pruning of flown inflorescences will not only preserve the attractive appearance of the swimsuit throughout the season, but will also contribute to its re-flowering.
For the winter, only young plants are covered in the first year of life. To do this, use spruce branches or fallen leaves. Older specimens tolerate the cold, snowless winters of the middle lane perfectly.
Fairy Troll Flower
The bather is called the flower of the trolls. The Latin name for the flower is Trollius. According to one version, the name comes from the German Trollblume, which means "troll flower". Ancient Germanic and Scandinavian legends contain mention of this flower as a favorite plant of trolls - mythical inhabitants of forests and mountains.
In different regions of Russia, you can find many popular names for the flower: kupavka, kupavnitsa, lights, Siberian rose and others.
The plant has long been used in folk medicine to treat various ailments.
But even healers have always treated him with caution, since the bather is a poisonous plant. Substances contained in the roots and stems of a plant can be dangerous to humans
Swimsuit: care and cultivation
- Despite the fact that in nature swimsuits live in semi-shaded places, it is recommended to grow them in open and lighted areas in front of trees or shrubs. During growth, flowering and as the soil dries up, bathers need to be provided with watering. This plant winters well and does not require shelter. It can grow in the 1st and the same place for a long time without transplanting.
- Bathers are unpretentious, therefore, when growing, they do not require special soil. However, the most favorable for cultivation are light or medium loamy, structural, with an increased content of humus soils. They grow well on rich, light-textured lands, close to neutral in acidity. However, swimsuits also grow on soils poor in humus. They benefit from a mixture of leafy earth with peat and sand.
- The land under the perennial bathing suits is not dug up for a long time and requires weeding. Before planting, it is recommended to clean it from the roots and rhizomes of previously growing plants.An ideal place for planting swimsuits is considered to be low slides or ordinary beds against a background of various stones. For sowing seeds and growing seedlings, it is better to create a lighter soil, the components of which will be peat and sand in combination: 2 parts of peat, 2 parts of sand, 1 part of land.
- Caring for bathers consists in regular watering, weeding and loosening the soil. The loosening depth should not be more than 5 cm, since the plant has many superficial roots that can be damaged. The soil should be constantly mulched with a layer of peat or humus. For good development, it is necessary to systematically pour nutrient soil to the base of the bushes. This plant is hygrophilous, so watering is reduced only by autumn.
- To get a secondary flowering, you need to cut off the faded peduncles.
- All types of swimsuits are frost-resistant enough, so there is no need to cover them in winter. In a permanent place, they can grow up to 10 years or more, after which it is advisable to divide the curtain and transplant to a new place. Leaves of the swimsuit are decorative throughout the growing season. If you cut off the leaves that have not completed the growing season, this will significantly weaken the bud and the next year you will not get a developed peduncle.
Description
The Asian swimsuit used to be often confused with the Kytmanov swimsuit because of the similar color of the flowers, but they are different biological species. The stem of the Asian leotard is straight and smooth, it can be simple or branched and reach 80 cm in height. The bright green leaves have long petioles and 5-sided outlines. Stem leaves can be from 1 to 5, of which the lower ones are petiolar, and the upper ones are sessile with plates that become smaller upward. The roots consist of a large number of filamentous lobes, the main root is absent.
The flowers of this swimsuit are large, about 5 cm in diameter. Orange-red sepals in the amount of 10-20 pieces. The petals are 2-3 times longer than the stamens, they also have an orange-red color and are widened from the base upwards with a pointed tip at the apex. The flowering time of the Asian swimsuit is May-June, it is pollinated by beetles, flies and bees, has up to 50 peduncles in the bush. Fruits, ripening at the end of June, are leaflets up to 11 mm long, with a short nose, which is bent inward at the base.
Growing rules
Despite the fact that the Asian swimsuit is an unpretentious plant that is easy to grow on a personal plot, you should carefully read the recommendations of experienced gardeners.
Optimal location
For comfortable growth, this flower needs a sunny place or light partial shade. The soil should be well-drained, as the bather does not like drought. The soil is recommended to be used fertile, loose and sour, with a high humus content, the ideal option is a mixture of peat, leafy earth and sand.
Landing
A swimsuit should be planted or transplanted in spring or autumn. The distance between the planting pits should be about 30-40 cm. Plants grown from seedlings are planted with a lump, in the specimens obtained by division, the roots are shaken off, sometimes even washed from the ground.
Watering
The Asian swimsuit needs regular watering, especially transplanted young plants need it. Abundant watering is recommended for these flowers during dry season.
Top dressing
When watering, you can add a urea solution (1 tsp per 10 liters of water). It is recommended to use Agricola or Nitrofoska preparations for feeding. With their help, the swimsuit is fertilized at the time of the opening of the buds and immediately before flowering. Humus and peat fertilizers should be applied in the spring and early fall.
Preparation for wintering
The Asian bather belongs to frost-resistant plants. She does not need special shelter from the cold. But be sure to remove dry leaves before wintering (in October) and leave petioles 3 cm high.
