Pests and diseases of the tree
Many plants are susceptible to various diseases and parasites, and maple is no exception. Its red leaves are under threat. When infected with powdery mildew and coral spot, diseased shoots are immediately removed, covered with pitch and treated with disinfectants. If the buds have not yet appeared on the culture, they are sprayed with copper sulfate and special sulfur.
Norway maple: description, tree care rules
As soon as the larvae of such parasites as weevil, mealybug and wedge-shaped whitefly appear, they are immediately treated with special means. Insectoacaricide from pests Actellik has proven itself well (use according to the instructions for use). When infected in the fall, the leaves are collected and disposed of.
Red maple is not only a beautiful and unusual plant, in the spring season you can collect juice from it for making sugar. It should be remembered that the correct drink runs only during the day and until the kidneys begin to swell. Few people use wood for these purposes; red maple is used for beauty. And with the right place of planting and care, the plant can be admired for many years.
Peculiarities
In any botanical reference, the description of the Norway maple begins with the name in Latin. We will not deviate from this tradition - Acer platanoides. There are other names: plane-tree, plane-leaved, ordinary maple. Belongs to the Sapindov family, grows in Europe, South-West Asia. Grows alone, sometimes forms dense thickets. In our country, it is cultivated for decorative purposes - the design of parks, squares, street decoration. By the way, the life expectancy of a large size is decent and is 200-250 years.
Canadian maple
Some more interesting facts:
- Height - up to 30 meters.
- The Canadian maple leaf has large toothed edges. Consists of blades with pointed edges. The largest leaves reach 18 cm in length and 20 cm in width.
- Painted dark green. In autumn, the shade becomes orange-yellow, crimson.
- What is the shape of the maple leaf, we found out. It has a long petiole that secretes milky sap.
- The flowering period depends on the climate. In warm regions, yellow-green flowers appear in March, in cold regions in May. The smell is pleasant, neutral. Inflorescences are corymbose. Insects play a key role in pollination.
- In September, the fruit appears on the maple. Due to its unique shape, it cannot be confused with anything else. Imagine a lionfish with seeds in each part. Light breeze - they fly long distances. The tree begins to bear fruit from about 17 years old.
- The bark tends to change. In young trees, it is smooth, has a gray-brown tint. Every year the trunk is covered with more and more longitudinal cracks, it becomes almost black. Due to the shallow bedding of the root system, maple takes away all nutrients from the surface. Therefore, nearby flowers and shrubs grow poorly.
8 tips for planting and grooming
Tip 1. Choose a suitable planting material
‘)); Breeding methods:
The photo shows a seedling 2.5 meters high, but you can buy a smaller tree |
|
Tip 2. Choose the right time and place
|
|
Tip 3. Plant the plant this way
|
|
Tip 4. Water the plant correctly
|
|
Tip 5. Apply fertilizer once a year
|
|
Tip 6. Periodically loosen the soil around the trunk
|
|
Tip 7. Prune as needed
|
|
Tip 8. Periodically check the maple for diseases and pests
|
Popular varieties
Maple varieties:
Fan Japanese
Description:
|
|
Shaina
Description:
|
|
Aconitifolium
Description:
|
|
Orange dream ‘)); Description:
|
|
Skeeters Broom
Description:
|
|
Bloodgood
Description:
|
|
Dissectum Garnet
Description:
|
|
Acer Palmatum (Greenleaf)
Description:
|
|
Sangokaku
Description:
|
|
Dissectum
Description:
|
|
Deshojo
Description:
|
|
Maple shirasavan aureum
Description:
|
Japanese Maple Care
Red maples do not require radical pruning, but it is imperative to remove diseased and dry branches. In spring, care consists in replacing the top layer of compost with a fresh one, previously enriched with fertilizers. The mixture is prepared from 40 g of urea, 30 g of superphosphate and 25 g of potassium salt. can be covered with mulch to retain moisture and protect against crusting. Watering in the summer must be combined with top dressing and loosening. Red maple tolerates a lack of moisture, but loses its decorative effect. The irrigation regime must be adjusted depending on the local climate and weather conditions. Winter hardiness largely depends on the species, variety and age of the plants. In autumn, the roots of young trees and bushes on the site should be insulated with dry leaves, and the containers should be brought into the room.
general description
Japanese red-leaved maple is a common collective name under which various types of maples are hidden, whose homeland is Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Hokkaido) and South Korea. It is a perennial deciduous woody plant. Low - in natural conditions of growth. In landscape design, a short, dwarf maple is used (up to 1.5 m in height), and quite tall (capable of growing up to 10 m). In 1784, J.A. Murray gave a complete botanical description based on the unpublished work of the Swedish naturalist Karl Thunberg.
Shoots are reddish gray, smooth.
Japanese Maple Leaf:
- rounded;
- serrated (the tips have small oblique teeth);
- opposite (when two leaves opposite each other extend from each stem node);
- slightly pubescent with fine villi;
- diameter - up to 15 cm;
- cut in half the diameter or almost to the very petiole (this depends on the variety);
- 7-, 9- or 11-part;
- keeps on a thin petiole of medium length - up to 5 cm;
- the color in summer is calm green, in autumn it is bright carmine, luminescent red, poisonous scarlet, crimson with yellow and orange splashes.
It is to the shape of the leaf that the Japanese palm-leaved maple, or fan-shaped, or palm-shaped, owes its name.
Flowers:
- in long drooping scutes;
- pubescent;
- length - about 3 cm;
- flowering - from April to June;
- color - bright, violet-red, or pale, green-yellow (depending on the variety);
- then they turn into lionfish (fruits), which hang under the leaves throughout the season.
Distribution area - mixed forests on mountain slopes. Under natural conditions on the territory of the Russian Federation, it grows in a single place. This is the island of Kunashir - the South Kuril region of the Sakhalin region. Due to the small number of individuals in the population and the lack of seed renewal, it is listed in the Red Book of Russia.
In Japan, October, when Japanese maples acquire their bright colors, is called Momiji time (translated as red leaves).
Pruning and shaping the crown
In order for the red maple to remain truly decorative, a lot of attention should be paid to its crown. There are three trim options:
- diseased, damaged and dry branches are cut off;
- formative pruning, in which, by pruning branches, an attractive appearance of the crown of the tree is created;
- anti-aging pruning is a comprehensive measure for old trees.
Maple is pruned from late August to December. Only experienced gardeners prune maple trees in early spring. Wounds on the bark and branch cuts are covered with a special garden putty - it will protect the tree from pests. All cuts are made at an angle.
Forming a beautiful crown requires experience and creativity. Professional gardeners trim the red maple to create incredible shapes.
Maple varieties: photo and description
"Crimson King"
Norway maple Н = 15 m
A tree with a spreading crown and large lobed leaves of a red-purple color, which turn orange in autumn. The flowers are yellow with a reddish tinge, appear simultaneously with the blooming of the leaves.
"Drummondii"
Norway maple H = 12 m
An elegant tree with a regular crown. Young leaves are pink at the edges, later a wide creamy border appears on them. The light color of this variety goes well with plants with dark colored foliage.
"Atropurpurea"
Maple false-plane H = 20m
A tree with a wide-cone-shaped crown. Young leaves are red-brown, later change color and until autumn remain dark green above, and below - deep red with a purple-violet bloom.
"Flamingo"
Ash-leaved maple Н = 4 m
This is a short tree or large shrub. The variety is very beautiful, variegated. Young leaves are pink, later become white and variegated. Maple is suitable for small gardens as a specimen and for use in color compositions.
Silver maple Н = 20 m
A picturesque tree with long, slender branches hanging down.Leaves are carved, heavily dissected, graceful, silvery-green in color, turn light yellow in autumn. Preferred to be used as tapeworm.
Globosum
Norway maple Н = 7 m
The tree, without pruning, forms an even, very dense spherical crown, which in adult plants becomes flat. Recommended for landscaping city streets, but also suitable as a decorative element for a small garden.
"Royal Red"
Norway maple H = 12 m
The crown is shirokokonicheskaya, the leaves are large, shiny, bright red throughout the growing season. Yellow inflorescences look very impressive against the background of brightly colored leaves. The tree grows rapidly. This variety is widely used.
"Variegatum"
Ash-leaved maple Н = 5 m
A beautiful tree with decorative, white-green, variegated leaves and spectacular fruits. Used as a tapeworm and in contrasting compositions with other hardwoods. It tolerates urban conditions well.
: Ash-leaved Maple Flamingo
A small tree or ...
: Indoor maple or abutilone -…: Growing bird cherry with seeds and cuttings
Description of red maple
The maple plant is a popular genus, which includes 160 different species, for example, some of them: American maple, bearded maple.
It grows on absolutely any soil, only marshy ones are not suitable.
This plant attracts attention with a special shade of leaves. As with all other plants, maple leaves contain chlorophyll.
As with all other plants, maple leaves contain chlorophyll.
In summer, maple is green.
But this tree also contains anthocyanins and carotenoids. They give the leaves red, orange and unusual yellow tints.
Maple fruit is also interesting.
Its crown is oval or round. Often it resembles a porcini mushroom in shape.
- Maple wood color is light silver.
- It just goes well with red leaves.
- The leaves are five- or three-lobed.
Species characteristics
Maple with red leaves tolerates frost well. It can withstand temperature conditions up to -20 degrees inclusive.
The plant does not like constant moisture and sufficient light.
At the end of August, you can already carry out the procedure for pruning the tree, which contributes to the rejuvenation of the plant. This is allowed until December.
Attention! In the spring months, these actions are strictly prohibited, since during this period the maple selects nutrients necessary for normal life from the soil. Thus, it is possible that the plant will be harmed.
Vaccination is done in spring and summer by means of budding.
Red maple varieties
There are different types of red maple. So, maple, the varieties of which are most popular, are used for landscaping parks, gardens and other public places.
Red Sunset is the most famous tree variety. There is a high content of carotenoids in it. This is why the leaves of this maple are bright red.
Another variety "Royal Red" - by the beginning of the vegetative period has a crown color of bright red. Gradually, the shade takes on a dull outline.
"Drummondi" - when the leaves bloom, they are pink. After some time, the color changes to light green.
Planting and breeding
Canadian Maple Seeds
You can propagate the Canadian maple so that the tree grows strong and healthy in different ways: by seeds, seedlings, layering.
Each method is good in its own way. Choose areas that are well lit by the sun - then the crown will be denser.
In places with insufficient sunlight, the leaves become small, saturation is lost.
The reproduction of the Norway maple by various methods will be considered below:
Seeds
Simply assembling a lionfish and planting it in the ground is not enough. The seeds are necessarily stratified.
To improve germination, in the fall they are placed in sand or peat, kept in sand at a temperature of no more than 3 degrees.
You don't need to get the seeds out of the wings. Sowed in April.The soil should be moist and fertilized, the optimum depth is 4-5 centimeters.
Sprouting should be expected in two weeks. By the way, they grow quite quickly - up to 60 cm annually. After 7 years, a two-meter tree will rise above your site.
Up to 25 years old, this type of maple grows in width and height, then it only adds in width. Development slows down or stops completely after 50 years.
Saplings
If you have maple seedlings, they can be planted both in the fall (wait for the leaves to fall) and in the spring. It is advisable to do this in March-April, when the buds have not yet blossomed.
Particular attention is paid to the integrity of the root system. When buying, choose seedlings with a large lump
The depth of the fossa is at least 50 cm, humus is placed on the bottom.
When planting without a coma, the roots are carefully straightened to avoid creases, they are carefully tamped and watered.
Layers
Another common method used by both beginners and experienced gardeners.
Reproduction by cuttings begins with the fact that in the fall you cut lignified branches 25 cm long from the tree.
Then you bury them in the sand and store them in the basement so that the soil does not freeze. Plant in prepared soil in spring.
By the way, you can not wait for autumn, but cut the cuttings in the spring, treat with growth stimulants, plant them in the ground, covered with a plastic bottle.
It is important! When planting a maple, the distance between trees should be 2-4 meters. Otherwise, large-sized adults will interfere with each other.
Planting and leaving
Ginnala maple, palm-shaped, red, false-plane, Manchurian, small-leaved,
holly ‘Globozum’ ‘Drumondi’ ’‘ Royal red ’,
field, silver, Tatar, ash-leaved 'Flamingo'
Landing features: Planted in open areas or in partial shade. Plants with decorative leaf color lose their color when planted in the shade.
Root collar at ground level. In plants that give abundant root shoots, it is slightly deepened - up to 5 cm.
If the groundwater is close, drainage is necessary, consisting of crushed stone with a layer of 10-20 cm.
Soil mixture: Humus or peat compost, turf soil, sand - 3: 2: 1.
For field and silver maple - leafy soil, peat, sand - 2: 2: 1.
It is possible to add a complete mineral fertilizer to the planting pit (120-150 g of nitroammophoska)
Optimal acidity - pH 6.0 - 7.5, for red maple - pH 6.0 - 7.5
Top dressing: If fertilizers were not applied during planting, then in the spring of the next year after planting, apply:
urea (40 g / m2),
potassium salts (15-25 g / m2),
superphosphate (30-50g / m2).
In summer, when loosening and watering, they introduce kemira (100-120 g / m2).
Watering: After planting - 20 liters per plant. Most maples can tolerate dry soil, but thrive best when watered.
The watering rate in the dry season is 10-20 liters per plant once a week.
Under normal rainfall 10-20 liters per plant once a month.
Loosening: Shallow, regular, during weeding and after watering to avoid soil compaction.
Mulching: After planting, the soil near the plants is mulched with peat or soil with a layer of 3-5 cm.
Pruning: Pruning of dry and diseased branches is necessary.
Whitefly
Mealybug
Leaf weevil
Diseases:
Powdery mildew
Black spot
Preparing for winter:
Young plants in severe winters with a lack of snow cover should be covered with spruce branches near the root collar.
In case of frost damage, annual shoots must be cut off. The crown will recover due to new shoots that have time to woody before the onset of frost.
In the first 2-3 years after planting, standard plants must be covered by wrapping the trunk with burlap in 1-2 layers to protect against frost damage. With age, their winter hardiness increases.
Similar materials
In the garden with their hands ... |
Perennial flowers ... |
||
Garden and vegetable garden maintenance…. |
Ornamental plants for the garden ... |
||
If it's roses, then everything is according to the rules .. |
Is it troublesome with clematis ... |
Maples in Russia
Maple appeared in Russia several centuries ago, and the first was the Norway maple breed, which was planted in monastic and boyar gardens. A little later, other types of maple began to be used in park culture - Tatar, Manchurian, ash-leaved. Now in the vastness of Russia there are 20 species of maples, of which the most widespread are white (pseudoplatan), field maple, Norway maple (plane-leaved).
Norway maple is the most widespread. It is a tall tree (up to 28 m) with a dense spherical crown. In young trees, the bark is smooth, gray-brown in color, becomes almost black over time and becomes covered with longitudinal cracks.
The field maple reaches a height of 15 m, has a trunk with brownish bark and a dense spherical crown. It tolerates a haircut well, therefore it is sometimes used for but more often for group and single plantings.
Tatar maple is a low tree with a smooth, almost black, bark. It has an elegant look not only in autumn, but also in summer, when its numerous pink-red lionfish fruits ripen.
White maple (also called sycamore) can reach a height of 35 m. It has a wide domed crown. The bark on young trees is white, darkens and flakes with age. Wood is used in the manufacture of musical instruments, for the production and decorative cladding of furniture.
Maple red Acer rubrum
The red maple tree is truly a favorite of landscape designers for its variety of shapes and bright colors at any time of the year. This is an unpretentious, long-lived, frost-hardy and shade-tolerant tree, perfectly adapting to various difficult soils and polluted, gas-polluted air. With good care, it practically does not get sick and is less susceptible to attack by pests. The only thing this maple does not tolerate is excessively dry soils. Autumn color depends on soil and weather conditions.
Some of the forms and varieties of this deciduous tree "flash" with a warm color only in the fall, remaining habitually green in spring and summer. Others, in the warmer months, simply glow on the site with various shades of yellow and scarlet, thanks to which they look great in solitary plantings, and do not get lost in dense common thickets. Consider some of the popular ornamental red maple varieties.
Maple Red Summer Red (Summer Red)
This maple is prized for its variability in leaf color throughout the season. Its young leaves are red or purple with maroon long petioles, in full dissolution - dark green above and gray below, in the fall on one leaf a heterogeneous color varies from green-golden-orange to burgundy-purple.
An adult tree grows up to 10-15 meters. The crown is narrow or round-pyramidal, dense, uniform. The bark is dark gray, smooth. Leaves are medium-sized, three-lobed, hard, glossy.
Maple red October Glory
"October splendor" - this is how the name of this maple can be translated, and it was not given in vain. Its leaves are bronze-red in dissolution, then they become light green with a bluish underside, in the fall they acquire a bright red (more often) or orange-red color.
A mature tree grows up to 7-15 meters. The crown is wide-pyramidal, dense, uniform. The bark is gray-brown, smooth, becomes weakly fractured with age. Leaves are medium in size, three- or five-lobed, with jagged edges, hard, shiny.
Maple red Armstrong (Armstrong)
This fast-growing maple is distinguished by foliage, which, when blooming, is carmine-red, then intense green on reddish petioles, gray below. The autumn color is bright - from yellow, orange to purple-red tones with a pinkish-silvery "backing".
A mature tree grows up to 10-15 meters. The crown is columnar or ovoid, dense, uniform. The bark is gray-silvery, smooth, becomes weakly fractured with age. Leaves are medium in size, five-lobed, smooth, shiny.
Maple red Scanlon (Scanlon)
The leaves of this maple, when blooming, are reddish on the same red petioles, then in summer they turn rich green on top (greenish-bluish on the lower side), in autumn they acquire an orange-red or red color, sometimes with a purple tint.
A mature tree grows up to 9-12 meters. Crohn narrow-columnar or narrow-pyramidal, dense, uniform. The bark is dark gray, flaky, the branches are brownish red. Leaves are medium-sized, three- or five-lobed, smooth, shiny, with finely toothed edges.
Norway maple care
As mentioned above, planting and caring for Norway maple does not require special knowledge and skills. Even beginners can grow such a tree. It easily tolerates severe frosts down to -40 degrees, it can go for weeks without watering on a dry summer day. For young seedlings, frequent and abundant watering is enough, periodic loosening of the soil. In summer, it is recommended to water once a week, with the calculation of 2 buckets of water per 1 tree. In the fall and spring, the frequency of watering can be reduced to once a month.
Maple green
It is advisable to cover small and immature varieties of maples in November with dry leaves, spruce branches. When the trees grow up, they do without shelter. In spring, sanitary pruning is practiced, during which the diameter of the crown is formed. When you cut the branches, they will grow much more intensively, they will be lush, and the tree itself will be more beautiful.
A transplant is only encouraged at a young age, up to about 15 years old. The older Acer platanoides gets, the harder it is to be transplanted. However, this is much more difficult to do because of the strong growth of the root system and too dense crown.
Maple species: tall and majestic
Among the maples, there are very large representatives. One of them is a majestic maple, or velvety maple (Acer velutinum),
growing in eastern Transcaucasia and the mountains of Northern Iran. With a height of 50 m, it looks like a real giant, moreover, its trunk diameter reaches 1.2 m. This maple looks especially impressive during fruiting, when it is decorated with large hanging fertile panicles carrying up to 60 lionfish. A truly magnificent sight.
Slightly smaller is the pseudoplatan maple, or sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus), a typical representative of the mountain forests of the southwestern part of Ukraine and the Caucasus. A tree up to 40 m in height and up to 2 m in diameter with dark gray bark, peeling plates that expose light young bark. Especially beautiful when free standing, forms a dense tent-like crown. In ornamental gardening, various forms of the pseudoplatan maple are most often used. The variety "Purpurea "
two-colored leaves, they are dark green above, purple below. Young leaves of the variety "Leopoldii"
covered with yellowish-pink spots, adults are variegated, with irregular, light green or cream spots.
North American is no less monumental silver maple (Acer saccharinum),
reaching a height of 40 m with a trunk up to 1.5 m in diameter.
A characteristic feature of this species is deeply dissected five-lobed leaves on long petioles. From above they are light green, from below - silvery-white, hence the specific name. In the autumn, this maple stands out with light yellow foliage. Looks great on the banks of reservoirs, in alley and group plantings, but it should be remembered that its branches often break off from adhered snow and strong gusts of wind. The decorative variety "Wieri" is notable for its graceful carved foliage and picturesque crown with long, hanging shoots.