How to plant and grow a carnation from a cutting: how to care
Before planting a carnation correctly, you need to know the planting patterns: 15 x 18 cm (36 plants per 1 m2), 15 x 15 (44 plants per 1 m2), 10 x 15 - 20 cm (44 plants per 1 m2), 15: x 12 cm (50 plants per 1 m2), 15 x 10 cm (60 plants per 1 m2). The planting density is determined by the time of growing the carnation in one place and the timing of planting. At early stages (I quarter), a more rare planting is carried out, at later periods (III - IV quarter) - a denser planting.
Before growing carnations, you need to know that the cuttings are planted shallow, making sure that the root collar is not immersed in the substrate. Therefore, on light loose soil mixtures and peat, planting is often carried out by the "irrigation method". In this case, the cuttings are placed in the cells of a mesh pre-stretched according to the planting scheme or in special wire rings, and then the substrate around the cutting is carefully watered with water from a hose. In this case, the substrate slightly covers the roots, which are partially washed out into it.
If you want to know how to care for a carnation, then remember that much attention is paid to the correct garter of plants.
In the spring, as soon as the snow melts, it is advisable to temporarily shade the plant with a covering material from the sun's rays in order to avoid burns. The covering material is left until the plants start growing. During the season, 2-3 additional feeding is carried out.
The second feeding is carried out during the formation of flower buds: in 10 liters of water, dilute 1 tbsp. spoon of potassium sulfate and superphosphate.
The third feeding is carried out during flowering: 1 tbsp is diluted in 10 liters of water. spoon "Potassium humate" for garden flowers. Watered with a solution at the rate of 3-5 liters per 1 m2.
After dressing and watering, a little loosening is carried out. Look at the planting of a carnation and caring for it in the photo, where all agrotechnical measures are presented:
Disease and pest control measures
Carnations often get sick with root rot from high dampness, from which leaf rosettes fall off and the plant dies.
When the plants reach a height of 10 cm, they are treated with solutions of the newest preparations "Abika-peak", "Alirin-B", "Gamair".
Application of cloves
Carnations are grown everywhere - in flower beds, in flower beds. She is a wonderful decoration anywhere in my garden. But it is better to plant low-growing carnation plants in the foreground in front of tall perennials or shrubs.
It is believed that the flowers of the "carnation" are of the greatest value. In fact, "flowers" mean buds. They collect unblown flower buds, which, when dry, lose their bright color and become dark brown. The shape of a one and a half centimeter bud resembles a nail, hence the name.
The flower buds have an aromatic strong smell and a pungent spicy taste. On the longitudinal section of the bud, even at low magnification, numerous rounded containers with essential oil are clearly visible, located on the periphery and especially densely at the base of the cylindrical receptacle. A benign "clove" in a glass of water floats vertically, since the essential oil is heavier than water. The low oil clove floats horizontally. Flower buds contain up to 20% essential oil and about 2% tannins.
Clove flowers, like all spices, aid digestion and are usually used in a mixture with other spices. Clove is mainly used in the food industry. In dentistry, essential oil is used as an antiseptic.
See how carnation is grown in the video, which shows all the agricultural techniques of experienced florists:
Types and varieties of rutnik
Only four types of rutniks are used as ornamental plants:
Calliantemum anemone, or Beautiful anemone, or Rutovnik anemone (Callianthemum anemonoides) - Alpine perennial, accustomed in nature to settle on calcareous rocks, more often found on the northeastern slopes. In height, low non-branching shoots reach 10-20 cm. Leaves appear only after flowers, double-pinnate, curly, reach the greatest decorative effect in the middle of spring.
This species blooms in March, most often capturing April. Large flowers with a snow-white color and a slight pink tint are very effective.
Calliantemum anemone, or Beautifully anemone, or Rutovnik anemone (Callianthemum anemonoides). Keith murdock
Calliantemum Sayan, or Krasivotsvet Sayan, or Rutovnik Sayan (Callianthemum sajanense) is an alpine plant with a horizontal, powerful rhizome. The greens are colored in a brighter shade of dark green, but the plant produces much less leaves. They develop, albeit weakly, already during flowering, ovate-double-pinnate, with very wide segments.
Peduncles from 5 to 30 cm in height bear two-centimeter, anemone-like, half-open flowers with ovoid and shining white petals.
Calliantemum Sayan, or Beautifully Sayan, or Rutovnik Sayan (Callianthemum sajanense). btogrody
Callianthemum coriandrifolium, or Beautifully coriander-leaved, or Callianthemum coriandrifolium is a snow-white, very spectacular beautifully flowering, one of the most common late-flowering species in nature. The leaves are more modest, dark green, basal, they are large, and the complex-pinnate leaves themselves do not seem so elegantly curly.
On peduncles up to 20 cm high, large snow-white flowers, more reminiscent of anemone, rise. Flowering begins only in May; in regions with harsh winters, it often stretches until mid-June.
Calliantemum coriander-leaved, or beautifully coriander-leaved, or coriander-leaved rutum (Callianthemum coriandrifolium). Leo julen
Calliantemum alatavsky, or Krasivotsvet Alatavsky, or Rutovnik alatavsky (Callianthemum alatavicum) is an alpine species with narrow-oval leaves that release up to 5 pairs of lateral leaves and two-centimeter flowers that rise 20 cm in height. Creamy white petals with a brown spot at the base bloom in mid-spring.
Calliantemum alatavsky, or beautiful flowers alatavsky, or rutovnik alatavsky (Callianthemum alatavicum)
In decorative gardening, beautiful flowers are used:
- for the design of alpine slides and rockeries;
- as a touching spring accent in the design of reservoirs (especially reservoirs with a rock garden);
- for natural touches in the spring design of streams and other types of natural water bodies;
- in curbs and mixborders-belts with gravelly mulched soil;
- as "precious" accents in the foreground of flower beds or in modern flower beds, the soil of which is covered with decorative mulch.
These plants look best in the company (and against the background) of stones, stone chips, in splendid isolation or in a group, at some distance from other species.
Description of the variety
Due to the excellent taste characteristics of berries, unpretentiousness, drought and frost resistance, this variety of raspberries has long been cultivated by many gardeners of the Altai Territory. For more than thirty years, Kolokolchik has gained a lot of positive reviews, and the list of regions in which it is grown has significantly expanded.
Bush
The bushes near the Bell are medium-sized, reaching 1.5-2 m in height. On fertile soils, subject to all the rules of care, bushes can grow up to 2.3-2.5 m. Shoot formation is average. The bell is a medium-ripening variety.
This variety is distinguished by high winter hardiness (up to -25˚С –27˚С) and drought resistance. It is rarely affected by spider mites.Resistant to many diseases characteristic of this culture.
To get an excellent harvest of sweet, aromatic berries, it is necessary to plant seedlings in a sunny place. Lack of lighting affects the appearance of the bush and the quality of the crop. The shoots become elongated, and the berries become smaller and have a sour taste.
The bell raspberry has elastic, erect shoots, in the first year they have a pronounced green color. In the second year, the stems woody and become grayish-brown, with small spots of purple color on the sunny side, and a weak waxy bloom.
The shoots of the first years are strongly studded. There are no thorns on the shoots of the second year, but pubescence is present. In the upper part of the stem, there is practically no edge, but the base is heavily pubescent.
Raspberry foliage The bell is large, wrinkled, light green, slightly twisted. Lateral fruiting branches have a weakly expressed waxy bloom. The flowers are large enough, up to 1 cm in diameter, the stamens are located below the pistils, the sepals are long.
Raspberry bloom begins at the end of May in the southern regions, in regions with harsh climatic conditions - in the second half of June. The first wave of berry ripening occurs in early to mid-July.
The root system of the bell raspberry is quite powerful, it develops well, it deepens by no more than 40-45 cm.
Berries
Raspberry berries are large, weighing 2.9-4.7 g, have a standard bright red color, slightly pubescent. The shape of the berries is conical, slightly reminiscent of a bell, which served as the basis for assigning such an unusual name to this variety. The fruits are juicy, have a sweet-sour taste with a pronounced raspberry aroma. In terms of taste, the berries were rated at 4.2 points.
The variety is characterized by an extended fruiting period. Ripening is undulating, the raspberry harvest is harvested at least 5-7 times per season. An additional plus is the versatility of the use of ripe berries.
The undoubted advantage of the Kolokolchik variety is the absence of shedding of ripe berries. Raspberries perfectly retain their presentation and taste during transportation.
The yield of bell raspberries is:
- per hectare - up to 105-120 centners;
- from 1 m² - 10.5-12 kg.;
- from a bush - 5-7 kg.
Many gardeners argue that, subject to all the rules of agricultural technology and favorable weather conditions, these indicators can be increased by 30-40%.
Growing and care
Duchesse de Nemours is not capricious. However, in relation to the plant, it is required to regularly carry out all the basic care measures: watering, weeding, loosening the soil under the flower, feeding. Soil moistening should be more intense in hot weather and less abundant in cool weather. Average water consumption per bush: 2-3 buckets. Water for irrigation is used settled, warm. The first two years, the plant does not need feeding - they are introduced into the care plan for the third year of the peony's life. Twice a season they bring under the bush organic fertilizer - for example, humus. In the budding phase, at the beginning of flowering and two weeks after it, Duchess de Nemours needs mineral complexes characterized by a high content of phosphorus and potassium.
Plants are planted in fertile soil with good air and water permeability. It is best if it is a loamy soil with a slightly acidic reaction. In order to reduce acidity, lime is added to the substrate. To plant a peony, dig a hole 60 cm deep. A layer of drainage material is placed on the bottom, then 2/3 the hole is filled with earth and superphosphate is added. Garden soil is poured on top. The recommended composition of the soil mixture: peat, humus, garden soil, sand in equal parts. When planting, a distance of 1 meter or more is observed between the plants. An ornamental shrub is planted in a sunny place, although it also tolerates shade well. It is better to protect the variety from drafts, but even if this condition is not met, the culture will not suffer too much from this.In the fall, the bush is cut at soil level. This is done after the first frost. It is not necessary to shelter Duchesse de Nemours - a layer of snow is enough for a normal wintering.
Under adverse weather conditions and insufficient care, the peony can be affected by gray rot, brown spot, rust and ring mosaic. Any fungicide will come to your aid here. Possible pests of the shrub: aphids, ants. From them, the plant will protect Fitoverm or Agrovertin.
Follow-up care
Caring for the Bell raspberry variety consists in performing standard and well-known activities for every gardener:
- watering;
- weeding, feeding;
- garter;
- thinning foliage;
- pruning shoots.
Proper watering rules
The Bell variety is distinguished by good drought resistance and does not require frequent and abundant watering. However, it is worth mentioning that during the formation and ripening of berries, the soil in the raspberry tree should always be moist. Otherwise, the lack of moisture affects the quality and presentation of raspberries: the berries become small and begin to crumble.
It is also not worth it to excessively moisten the soil. Waterlogging is no less detrimental to plants - the root system becomes weak and more susceptible to putrefactive and fungal diseases.
How often to weed and feed
Weed the bell raspberries 2-3 times per season. As for the application of fertilizers - in the first year after planting, the culture does not need feeding. But starting from the second year, raspberries are fertilized according to the standard scheme.
Garter and thinning raspberries
During the fruiting period, the branches with berries, due to the large-fruited variety, droop and may break. Therefore, experienced gardeners are advised to tie the stems to the trellis in order to preserve the ripening crop. In addition, the raspberry bushes, located on the trellis, evenly receive a sufficient amount of sunlight, which contributes to the simultaneous ripening of the berries.
Also, during the ripening period of berries, with excessive thickening, the foliage must be thinned out. High foliage interferes with the full ripening of raspberries, so some of the leaves are cut with shears.
Pruning and preparing for winter
In the fall, when preparing raspberries of the Kolokolchik variety for winter, the sprouted shoots are removed from the trellises and cut at a height of 5-8 cm from the ground. Also, extra annual shoots are cut out mercilessly. One bush should contain no more than 4-6 young shoots that will bear fruit next year.
The raspberries are cleaned, if necessary, a layer of mulch of 8-10 cm is laid to prevent the root system from freezing.
There are no unequivocal recommendations regarding the shelter of raspberries for the winter. It all depends on the region and its climatic characteristics. In areas where winter frosts of –35˚C –40˚C are not uncommon, annual shoots of the Kolokolchik variety should be bent to the ground so that they do not freeze. But in the central and southern regions, this procedure can be abandoned.
Basic information about caliobrahoa
This type of plant was bred in the second half of the 20th century - in the eighties. Variegated densely growing flowers covered all the plants with a dense roof, giving it the shape of a sphere.
Over time, breeders have been able to adapt the calibrachoa to a wide variety of climates. Therefore, today this plant pleases the eye almost all over the world. Most often in a flower shop, it can be seen in a floor pot or in a basket suspended from something. Recently, flower shop sellers have noted an increase in demand for calibrachoa seeds and petioles. This is due to the growing popularity of growing ornamental plants from seeds at home.
The calibrachoa flower is often confused with petunia. Indeed, these two ornamental plants have a similar appearance, but there are also a number of pronounced differences between them. To distinguish between them, you need to know the characteristics of calibrachoa, for example:
- the shape of the flower petals is rounded, and not pointed, like in petunia;
- the color scheme is monochromatic (without color spots and streaks);
- flowers do not have a velor base to the touch.
If it suddenly happens that when growing calibrachoa, the shade of the inflorescences is not similar to that shown on the package, do not be upset. This is perfectly acceptable for this type of plant. The color of the petals depends on temperature changes and can change over time, depending on the climatic conditions of its habitat.
Iberis: description of annual and perennial species
Consider the main types of plants.
Iberis umbrella
This is an annual small flower, which reaches a height of about 27-30 cm. It has a fragrant, bright aroma, a wonderful honey plant. Flowers can be of different shades - lilac, purple, pink. They are collected in brushes and are small in size. These brushes look like umbrellas, which is what gave them their name. The diameter of the inflorescences is about 5 cm, there are a lot of them during the flowering period, so they often look like lush bouquets, and the flowers completely obscure the foliage. There are also white flowers with 4 petals.
Also interesting is the variety of Iberis Blackberry meringue. Its flowers are white, lilac, dark lilac (closer to blackberry). They resemble this berry, which is why they got their name. The aroma is fragrant, and the density of flowers is very high. Perfectly decorates the space.
Iberis of Gibraltar
It also looks like a small bush, it has many lilac or pale pink flowers. Most often it is classified as a juvenile, since it usually does not survive after the second winter. It reaches a height of no more than 25 cm, and spreads about 40 cm in diameter. Gibraltar blooms in spring and develops well if it receives a lot of sun. Therefore, you need to plant it not in the shade, but on the sunny side.
Among this species, the Chameleon stands out. It got its name from the color of the inflorescences - from white to purple. The flowers are very fragrant and the foliage has a pleasant dark green hue. It is grown quite often, because it is unpretentious in care, frost-resistant. He loves not only sunny places, but also small shading.
Iberis evergreen
This representative is a long-term one. In height, it is slightly larger than its counterparts - about 40 cm. Narrow leaves are a characteristic feature. The inflorescences are collected in a long narrow shape, resembling umbrellas. It mainly blooms at the very end of spring, but it happens that it blooms again in the second half of summer. The flowers are white, grow profusely and completely cover the leaves during the period of maximum development. It is interesting that these flowers have been cultivated since the end of the 17th century.
Iberis bitter
It is also a perennial plant. Shrubs normally have a height of no more than 20-30 cm. Inflorescences are collected in a brush, flowers are often white and sometimes can have a shade of light purple tones. The leaves are feathery, the stem has pronounced ribs. Blooms in early summer. Interestingly, this type of Iberis is used for medicinal purposes. Its infusion is bitter (hence the name), and it has a choleretic, anti-inflammatory effect. It is used to treat heart disease, bronchitis, gout, and is used to heal wounds and in many other cases.
Other plant species
There are also some other types of Iberis. This is, for example, Iberis Crimean. It is a perennial plant, its shrubs are lower than their counterparts - about 8-11 cm. The leaves have shades of gray-green tones. The flowers are initially purple, but then quickly turn white. Usually blooms in spring. This plant is demanding on the content of calcium in the soil. Like many other species, he loves lighted, sunny places.
Iberis rocky mainly grows in rocky areas in southern Europe - from Italy to the Black Sea. Evergreen undersized bush (grows no more than 15-16 cm). The flowers are white, small and grow in very large quantities. Glades during the period of its maximum flowering in appearance look as if swept by snow. They also love light, but they grow quite successfully with light shade.At the same time, they are unpretentious, in terms of the soil they can grow well on loams.
The variety Snowflake is similar to it, which has white flowers that adorn the clearing, as if covered with "snow" (English "snow" - snow). This plant is also perennial, and can reach a maximum height of 15-20 cm.
Iberis is still quite common among gardeners. Its bushes are noticeably higher - up to 35 cm and even up to 40 cm. The flowers are numerous, snow-white. It is usually planted in the foreground or at the edges, which perfectly decorates the interior of the garden. A flowerbed or garden inside the border looks more contrasting. This gives it visually more volume.
