Planting marigolds for seedlings and growing in 2020

Types of marigolds and popular varieties

There are more than 30 plant species in the marigold genus. They are similar in appearance to each other, with a specific persistent aroma and features. In Russia, mainly 3 types of tagetes are cultivated, which can be seen in group plantings in flower beds, in the border framing of paths, in small islands on alpine hills. Flowers are also adjacent to garden crops.

Table 1: Types of marigolds - rejected

"Naughty Marietta""Orange Flame"

Table 2: Types of marigolds - erect

"Albatross""Smile"Antigua

Table 3: Types of marigolds - thin-leaved

"Paprika""Ursula"

All types of herbaceous plants are characterized by ribbed stems, pinnately dissected leaves with serrated edges. Inflorescences are represented by a loose basket (simple, double and semi-double), which gives a fruit - achene.

What are these flowers?

Tagetes has branched straight stems, which, depending on the species, reach 1 meter in length. The leaves look like dissected feathers with lanceolate toothed sectors. The cup is bell-shaped.

Flowers are single buds, with cylindrical and inflated peduncles to the top. They consist of ligulate, radiant small flowers at the edge and tubular in the center. Flower petals are orange, yellow, red or brownish brown, double or smooth to the touch.

All varieties have their own specific smell. The flowering of the plant lasts from early June until the first frost.

By the type of stem, marigolds are divided into erect, rejected and thin-leaved, and by the type of flower - into small-flowered, large-flowered and Mexican.

The most popular varieties are Antigua, Hawaii, Lemon Queen, Mandarin, Friels, Smiles, Golden Fluffy, Glitters, Notti Marietta, Gullebrand, Petit Gold, Carmen, Orange Flemme, Rusty Red, Ursula, Lemon Jem and Lulu.

Most of these are undersized plants. But some, like Lemon Queen, can reach 120 cm in length.

Landing dates in 2018

Cultivation of Tagetes is practiced by seedling and non-seedling method or by sowing seeds directly on a flower bed. But due to the fact that these plants are thermophilic and tolerate drought better than frost, sowing on seedlings gives flowering almost a month earlier. And the flower beds are uniform, because with direct sowing, not all seeds can germinate.

The use of seedlings for growing marigolds in a favorable climate allows you to enjoy their flowering already in April

To achieve this result, it is important to correctly calculate the timing of sowing seeds in home greenhouses. Calculation recommendations based on various criteria

Sowing dates seeds for seedlings different for the regions of Russia

General landing tips

Experienced growers believe that the earliest date for sowing seeds is February, but it can last until mid-April. The timing is influenced by various factors: growing technology, variety and region.

There are such technological methods of sowing seeds:

• For seedlings - from the end of winter, but illumination in the evening is required.
• Under the film - from May.
• In open ground - a couple of weeks later, but in southern areas already from April.

The sowing time is influenced by weather conditions, which differ significantly in different regions. When calculating the timing, take into account that by the time the bushes are planted in the open ground, stable warm weather should be established. And the soil should warm up to 15 degrees. It is also taken into account that by this time the seedlings should be 45-60 days old. Considering these factors, it follows that the planting of marigolds for seedlings differs in different regions.

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• In the Urals, Siberia or the Leningrad Region (with possible night frosts even in mid-May), marigolds are best planted in June. And, therefore, it is necessary to sow seeds for seedlings no earlier than mid-April.
• In the Moscow region and the middle lane, sowing seeds can be started a couple of weeks earlier in order to transplant seedlings at the end of May. If you cover it with spabond, then the terms can be shifted by a couple of weeks.
• In southern regions with mild winters and friendly early spring sowing can be started 2-3 weeks earlier.

Florists need to pay attention to the fact that different varieties differ not only in appearance (the height of the bush, its shape and color). They have different periods from seed germination to the beginning of flowering.

It is known that tall varieties grow more slowly than thin-leaved and undersized varieties. Adjusting for grade, sowing dates look like this:

• Erect-resistant varieties, which need to reach 2 months of maturity for flowering, are sown from late March to early April.
• Low-growing varieties - a couple of weeks later.
• Sowing dates of seeds of thin-leaved specimens fall from the end of April to the first half of May. They only need a month before planting on the flower beds.

Sowing marigolds according to the lunar calendar

There are calculations of favorable and barren days for the seedling cultivation of Tagetes according to the lunar calendar for 2018. Based on them, the following days are considered successful (by month):

• In January - 12, 16, 22, 30, but additional lighting is needed.
• In February - 20-23, 25-27. Seedlings obtained from seeds are planted under a film in a flower garden after a month.
• In March - 7-10, 19-22, 24 days. In this case, transplanting to flower beds begins in mid-April.
• In April - 7-9, 17, 19, 22, 25. Seedlings are ripe for transplanting by May.
• In May - 1st, 2nd, 8th, 17th, 23rd.

By sowing seeds on the indicated days, you can grow bushes that will bloom earlier and more generously than those that have grown from seeds sown in the beds at once.

The following are considered unfavorable for sowing Tagetes:

• In February: 1, 9, 14-16, 19, 24, 28.
• In March: 2, 12-15, 17, 23, 31.
• In April: 10, 15, 15, 24.30.
• In May: 7th, 14th, 15th, 29th.

These days are empty, this includes new moons, full moons and solar eclipses.

When to sow marigold seeds: a table of dates by region

Marigolds for seedlings: when to plant and how

Depending on the region, the planting time for seedlings lasts from mid-March to early May. It is necessary to calculate it so that in 1.5-2 months the frosts will end, and it would be possible to plant seedlings in open ground. For example, in the Moscow region it will be the end of April - the beginning of May.

Important! April is suitable for thin-leaved marigolds, so that they bloom in June. If the seeds of marigolds are not afraid of the cold and lie quietly in the ground at least all winter, already grown plants can die from frost, so you should not risk it if the nights are still cold

If the seeds of marigolds are not afraid of the cold and lie quietly in the ground even all winter, already grown plants can die from frost, so you should not risk it if the nights are still cold.

The soil for marigolds should be nutritious, it is best to mix peat, humus, turf and sand in a ratio of 1: 1: 1: 0.5. At the bottom of the box with seedlings under the soil, lay out a drainage layer of sand, expanded clay or small stones. Then the moisture will not linger, provoking rotting of the roots.

Note! An ordinary plastic container with holes at the bottom is suitable as a container, through which excess water will flow out.

Marigold seedlings often get sick with a black leg, and in order to prevent this, it is important to treat the soil with a solution of fungicide or potassium permanganate before planting. This can be done, for example, with a steamer

This can be done, for example, with a steamer

Marigold seedlings often get sick with a black leg, and in order to prevent this, it is important to treat the soil with a solution of fungicide or potassium permanganate before planting. This can be done, for example, with a steamer

It is worth preparing the seeds themselves for planting. To do this, wrap them in a damp cotton cloth, put it in a plastic bag and leave it warm. The main thing is that the temperature does not rise above 25 ° C, otherwise the Tagetes will die. If the room is 15-20 ° C, the seeds will germinate in 5-7 days. In general, home conditions are quite suitable for both seeds and seedlings. No special equipment for growing marigolds is required.

Seedling

Now they can be planted in a container with treated soil. Having made grooves 2 cm deep and at the same distance from each other, you need to bury the seeds so that they remain on the surface.

For your information! It is recommended to put small notes with the name of the variety near the grooves, if there were several of them. This will make it possible to determine which one is better to buy next time.

If there is no desire to sprout seeds artificially, the container can be covered with something transparent on top. Keep the soil in the container moist. Frequent airing will protect the shoots from the black leg, and after the emergence of friendly shoots, shelter is no longer needed.

In general, marigolds are not picky, planting and leaving will not take much time, except that it is important to regularly water and loosen the soil. Plants prefer sunny places, so it is better to put the seedlings to the window, but it is advisable to avoid direct sunlight.

Important! If the grower does not know how to feed marigolds for abundant flowering, ordinary mineral fertilizers for flowers are suitable.While feeding these plants is not necessary, they will bloom with great care anyway.

Picking

When the seedlings of marigolds give 2-3 true leaves, picking will not be superfluous - planting seedlings in separate containers. This will strengthen the root system. The same soil is suitable as for the first time, you can add ash or nitroammophoska as fertilizer. Plants will benefit from mineral feeding containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, it is enough to take it in the amount of 1 tbsp. spoons. Saplings are added dropwise to approximately the cotyledons. For example, ordinary plastic cups for sour cream, yogurt or a special seedling box divided into separate cells can act as separate pots.

Note! When marigolds have more than four leaves, it's time to pinch them. A pinch is needed so that the plant does not stretch up, but is more fluffy

You need to cut off the top of the stem, leaving 4-5 leaves. After a month, the procedure can be repeated.

If it seems that it is too long and difficult to grow marigold seedlings, there is an easier way: in June, fill the seeds directly into the ground, no longer fearing frost. Then by August the marigolds will bloom.

Growing marigolds from seeds at home

Growing good marigold seedlings is not difficult. Before you start sowing seeds, you need to follow the standard steps: prepare the soil mixture, containers for seedlings and seeds.

Soil and seed preparation

Marigolds are considered undemanding plants, but soil selection is essential for good seedling development.

• In order for the soil to be nutritious and loose in structure, the composition includes peat, turf soil, compost.
• All are taken in equal parts and mixed with a small amount of sand. You can buy a ready-made substrate with a neutral reaction in the store.
• Before use, the soil is steamed or treated with a fungicide. This will help to avoid the development of the "black leg" in the future.

Those who have been growing tagetes for a long time always have seeds at hand. Newbies borrow from friends or buy from retailers. It should be borne in mind that only achenes no older than 2 years of age are suitable for planting.

For better germination, marigolds are recommended to germinate first. This is done in this way:

• wet matter is laid on a saucer;
• seeds are poured on top in one layer;
• the container is placed in a bag and tied.

The seeds are kept for 3 days in a warm place without light. Then they are removed from the package, the bad ones are rejected, and the rest are boldly sown.

Methods of sowing marigolds for seedlings

Each summer resident has his own favorite methods of growing marigold seedlings. Here it is proposed to consider the most popular of them.

Table 4: Methods for sowing marigolds

Any of the methods described give good results. Therefore, each summer resident will choose the most convenient way to grow seedlings.

Planting marigolds for seedlings

A proven method is to grow marigolds by sowing seeds for seedlings. This will help extend the growing life of the crop and accelerate flowering. At home, seedlings are cultivated so that when the heat comes, they can no longer plant seeds in the ground, but quite adult bushes. Then you can see a beautiful flowerbed as soon as possible - in June, the black-shaved plants will delight you with a friendly flowering.

When to plant marigolds for seedlings?

An essential question when cultivating marigolds and growing from seeds is when to plant them for seedlings. Sowing of black shaves is planned in early March - April, this is the optimal time. Experienced flower growers, when answering the question of when to plant marigolds for seedlings, are advised to take into account the plant variety. Earlier than others (in mid-March), erect black shaves are sown, and undersized and small-leaved ones - in early April. Then all three varieties of marigolds will bloom in June.

How to plant marigolds for seedlings correctly?

The substrate for growing seeds should be fertile and loose. A mixture is suitable for this: peat, humus, washed sand (2: 1: 0.5). For cultivation, containers are needed, at the bottom of which a 3-centimeter drainage layer is laid. Growing marigolds from seeds at home - sowing:

1. Blacksmiths often die from a black leg. To prevent this from happening, the soil in the container is spilled in advance with a fungicide (Fitosporin, Vitaros, Maxim) or dark pink potassium permanganate.
2. In the soil substrate, shallow furrows are made every 2 cm.
3. Seeds are distributed in them - it is more convenient to do this with a bent piece of paper or tweezers.
4. Sowing from above is sprinkled with soil mixture 1 cm thick.
5. The soil must be watered carefully, without eroding its outer layer.
6. The container is covered with a transparent lid and placed in a bright place with a temperature of + 15-20 ° C. The soil should always be moist.
7. In this mode, the seedlings hatch after 5-7 days.

Marigold seedlings at home

Growing marigolds through seedlings must be done correctly:

After pecking the sprouts, the container must be ventilated every day.
The danger of the appearance of a black leg at this time is high. If there are signs of the disease, it is necessary to remove the affected seedlings along with lumps of earth, pour fresh soil mixture into the holes and re-sow the crops with a fungicide solution.
The shelter after the emergence of friendly seedlings can be removed completely.
Water the seedlings when the soil is completely dry

It is important to ensure that no water accumulates in the pan.
Seedlings are fed once every two weeks with fertilizer for seedlings - Agricola, Solution, Lux.

Marigold picking

When asked when to dive marigolds after germination, experienced gardeners answer - after the registration of 2-3 real (carved) leaves. The seedling is transplanted into separate cups, deepening to the cotyledons (oblong lower plates) so that they do not touch the soil. This allows you to make the root system more powerful and visually reduce the elongated stem. Transplanting marigolds causes a rapid jump in their growth due to an increase in the allocated volume of soil. Dive seedlings:

1. It is most convenient to continue growing seedlings in cassettes or plastic cups.
2. In the substrate of the same composition as for sowing, you need to add 1 tbsp. a spoonful of mineral makeup containing potassium, phosphorus and nitrogen, and 0.5 cups of wood ash for every 5 liters of the mixture.
3. The cassettes are filled with soil, recesses are made so that the roots fit freely in them, the seedlings must be planted to a depth of 1 cm.
4. Seedlings are watered as the soil dries. If the ground has subsided, you can add more substrate.

Short description

Marigolds also have names - Chernobrivtsy, Caps, Tagetes, Ogonyok. These flowers are loved by all gardeners in Russia and Ukraine. The homeland of plants is America and Mexico. There are a great many types and varieties, you can choose the most beloved one for your summer cottage or for the balcony.

Origin and botanical description

1. The plant is herbaceous, and the interesting name Tagetes was given to a variegated flower in honor of the son of the god Jupiter. Belongs to the Astrov family.
2. All varieties of marigolds have one thing in common - they have a rather branched crown and an openwork dissected form of leaf plates, which create a lush air cap of a juicy green shade of green.
3. Flowers have all shades of orange, yellow and golden brown, scarlet, dark red. The structure is terry and semi-double.
4. All over the world, marigolds are known and loved. The Japanese consider them to be plants that bring longevity. In England, the name "associated with gold" is translated, that is, Marigold. Various parts of the plant are used for the manufacture of medicines, food and cosmetics.

Main types

• Erect. The diameter of double flowers can be at least 15 cm. One of the most spectacular and large varieties. The bush is branched and tall, reaching a height of at least 1 m.
• Stunted (Rejected). These marigolds, on the contrary, are very small. The height varies from 20 cm to 40 cm. The diameter of the flowers is also quite small - 5 - 7 cm. The structure of the flowers can be either double or simple.
• Mexican (Thin-leaved). The smallest species of marigolds. A special distinguishing feature is the structure of bright openwork leaves, which favorably emphasize bright inflorescences. The bushes look very elegant during the flowering period. The plant is literally covered with flowers - balls, up to 100 of them can bloom at once.
• The bush grows up to 20 cm, and the circumference is only a few centimeters. This species has no less than 70 hybrid variants, which makes it possible to plant many varieties and varieties at the same time, and make up a wonderful floral ensemble.

Types of Tagetes

In summer cottages, marigolds of different heights grow, differing in terms of flowering, size and color of flowers. Seeds of your favorite variety and type can be bought in almost any specialty store.

Erect marigolds (Tagetes erecta)

In terms of shape, the inflorescences are divided into two groups:

• clove-flowered - this group has many reed flowers in the inflorescences, few tubular flowers in the center;
• chrysanthemum-flowered - the entire inflorescence consists of tubular flowers, along the edge of one row of reed flowers.

Erect varieties of Tagetes are among the highest. Among them are many beautiful, with large globular inflorescences of yellow and orange flowers.

Antigua - low bushes are strewn with many yellow-orange flowers up to 10 cm in diameter.

Yellow stone - a plant up to 70 cm high looks like a chrysanthemum with large light yellow spherical flowers.

Gold dollar - tall bushes with large dark green leaves beautifully set off red-orange, odorless terry balls.

Golden Light - Compact plants of medium height are topped with bright orange lights. Late variety, blooms from late June until frost.

Lemon Prince - from the beginning of summer to cold weather, it will delight you with a combination of lemon-yellow inflorescences with dark emerald carved foliage. The variety is 80 cm high.

Shaggy Robin - The pale yellow heads do look shaggy because of the tubular flowers of varying lengths. They look beautiful and unusual when cut.

Rejected marigolds (Tagetes patula)

This species is of average height - 20–40 cm. Flowers may not be double, but no less beautiful, often two-colored.

Golden head - low, strongly leafy bushes covered with many yellow inflorescences with red edges. The outer petals are wavy and bent down. The variety is recommended for growing in containers, pots, flower beds and flower beds.

Golden ball - sprawling branchy bushes will delight you with an exquisite combination of a golden center in a red-brown border. Blooms from early summer. The variety is good for cutting.

Queen Sofia - red-brown shades of terracotta, cinnamon and bronze fade slightly in the sun, acquiring almost chocolate tones. Inflorescences are non-double, but large.

Lemon jewel - the name of the variety speaks for itself. Compact strongly leafy bushes firmly hold a scattering of terry bright yellow flowers.

Orange flame - the variety will not leave anyone indifferent thanks to the two-color globular inflorescences with a bright orange center in a red-brown design.

Fine marigolds (Tagetes tenuifolia),

Thin-leaved varieties have thin, strongly cut foliage and small non-double flowers of yellow, orange or red flowers. Flowering bushes resemble fishnet balls, dotted with many bright lights.

The Golden Ring is a medium-sized plant with fragile shoots and small light green leaves. It blooms from the beginning of June with bright yellow small flowers with dark orange edging.

Lulu - the variety is distinguished by abundant flowering. The spreading bush forms a green ball, strewn with bright yellow stars.

Paprika - many fiery red flowers with a yellow center will not go unnoticed in any flower bed. The variety repels pests with a strong aroma.

With such a variety of varieties, you can make an elegant and long-flowering flower bed only from marigolds alone, alternating different colors. Tall large-flowered varieties are placed in the center of the flower bed, framing them with low-growing varieties of a contrasting shade. Velvets planted in balcony boxes will fill the apartment with a delicate spicy aroma all summer long.