Clematis from seeds: the cultivation process and species nuances

Plant appearance

Some people, when planting clematis with seeds, have a vague idea of what kind of plant they will receive in a few months or years. Of course, this is a serious mistake - after all, an experienced gardener will prefer to know exactly how the new inhabitant of his garden or summer cottage will look like.

However, it is not easy to accurately describe the appearance of a plant. If only because there are many varieties of clematis. And they are very different from each other - the similarities between them are much less than the differences. Some are grassy, that is, they look like most of the inhabitants of the flower beds. Almost all herbaceous plants die off in the fall after the first severe frosts.

There are also semi-shrub clematis, for example, whole-leaved and hogweed. They have a stiff lower part, which persists for several years, and will delight the summer resident with fresh shoots and flowers every spring.

But for most gardeners, the most interesting are clematis varieties that resemble vines. First of all, it is grape and purple clematis. If you place a vertical support near them, then the plant will climb along them, wrapping around the base and giving the site a special elegance and sophistication.

Even the root system of different varieties is very different - there are both fibrous and pivotal.

Therefore, the choice of a suitable variety should be approached very responsibly. Alas, even with a detailed study, one hundred percent coincidence is not guaranteed. It is no coincidence that many amateurs are interested in whether the clematis variety is preserved when propagated by seeds. However, the differences in this case are usually minimal - only the size and, possibly, the colors of the colors. The main features are still preserved.

Planting clematis

How to plant clematis

To grow clematis to give the expected result, we first find out where and when to plant it. The landing site should be protected from drafts and well lit, but shading is desirable at midday. The soil is preferable slightly alkaline, loamy, fertile, well fertilized and drained.

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The best place for clematis is a mound or a specially made embankment, which will not allow the root of an adult plant reaching a meter in length to rot from the proximity of groundwater.

Do not use either fresh manure or sour peat as fertilizer - plants do not like this. Do not plant clematis close to the wall of the house (water flowing down from the roof after rain should not fall on the clematis) or the fence, keep a distance of at least 30 cm.

As for the time, the planting of clematis is carried out both in the spring and in the fall. If the purchased clematis seedling is in a container, then you can plant it at any time of the year, except for winter. But if you did not manage to plant the purchased clematis in the fall, store them in a cool (no warmer than +5 ºC) room, sprinkle the roots with moist loose soil (sawdust with sand), pinching the shoots from time to time to restrain their growth until spring. If you find that the roots of clematis are dry, soak them in cold water for several hours before planting to swell.

Planting clematis in spring

In places with a cool climate, it is customary to plant clematis in the spring, in late April or early May. A spring seedling must have at least one shoot. Dig a hole 60x60x60, pour 10-15 cm of crushed stone, broken brick or perlite on the bottom for drainage. If the land on the site is infertile, change it to fertile by adding 2-3 buckets of compost, one bucket of sand and peat, 400 g of dolomite flour and 150 g of superphosphate (mix everything thoroughly, preferably a year before planting).

Install removable or dig in stationary supports for shoots up to 2.5 m in height, they will support the vines in strong winds.

Pour a mound of prepared earth on the drainage layer, place a seedling on it, distribute the roots carefully over it and cover it with prepared soil so that not only the neck of clematis is 5-10 cm underground, but the stem of the shoot to the first internode is also in the ground ... Fill the hole with soil not to the level of the surface, but so that 8-10 cm remains to it. Water the plant with a bucket of water and mulch the recess around the clematis with peat. During the spring-summer season, the excavation is gradually filled with soil. The distance between clematis bushes should be at least one meter.

Planting clematis in the fall

In the southern, warmer regions, it is customary to plant clematis in autumn, in September-October, provided that the planted clematis has developed vegetative buds. Autumn planting is carried out according to the same principle as spring planting, only the planting pit is completely covered with earth. From above, the planting site is mulched with a layer of dry leaves and covered with lutrasil or something else. In the spring, around these seedlings, the soil is selected to the same depth (8-10 cm), but during the summer this excavation is gradually filled with soil until the levels coincide. This is done to make it easier for the shoots to break through to the surface.

Description of the clematis plant

There are shrub, semi-shrub, and herbaceous types of clematis. The most numerous of them are vines.

Roots of two types - deep and shallow. The stems of tree-like species are cut, brown, herbaceous - round and green. Leaves are single or compound, with three or five paired green leaves, purple leaves are also found.

The flowers are combined into inflorescences in the form of a panicle, umbrella or shield. There are plants with single flowers. All flowers have 4-8 petals, although some species have 70.

In the middle of the flower there are many pistils with contrasting stamens. There are flowers of blue, blue, red, pink, white and yellow colors of various shades and overflows.

The life of a flower is up to twenty days.

Smells like jasmine or almonds. The fruits are nuts with one seed inside, on stalks of different lengths. Collected in a head bordered with fluff. Ripening, they form a white flywheel with a notch, with which it catches on the ground.

Clematis plant varieties

Armanda. Evergreen clematis, does not give seeds annually, when planting, they are sprinkled with earth by one centimeter, germinates in a hundred days above the ground.
Oriental. Germination time - 1–3.5 months, when planted in open ground, they are not covered with earth, if they are sown in a greenhouse, they are covered by six millimeters. In a subtropical climate, they sprout independently.
Straight. The seeds are large. They germinate in 1.5–8 months, and are planted 1.5 cm in the ground.
Manchurian. Medium seeds, tied well, sprinkled to a depth of one centimeter, germinate in 2–5 months.
Whole-leaved. Medium seeds, germinate in the period from 2 months to six months, deepen by 12 mm, if sown in spring, germinate in 1-2 months.
Burning. Large seeds need stratification in an earthen mixture of sand and peat for six months at an air temperature of up to +5 degrees Celsius. Germinate at a temperature of +20 degrees Celsius for two weeks, at +30 - eight days. Close up 1.5 cm, sprout in the period from 40 days to 4.5 months.
Purple. Many large seeds require two-stage stratification at warm and cold air temperatures. Close up 1.5 cm, germinate 2–8 months.
Alpine. Medium seeds, set in large numbers, germinate in 1.5–8 months on their own.
Grape-leaved. Small seeds, there are many of them, a two-stage warm and cold stratification is needed, when embedded in open soil, they are buried in 8 mm.In a subtropical climate, they do not need to be covered with earth. Germinate within 1-3 months.
Tangutsky. Small seeds, germination time from twenty days to three months, do not cover with earth.
Hogweed. Small seeds, ascend in the period from one month to three and a half, germinate on the soil surface.
Paniculate. Large seeds are embedded in the ground for one and a half centimeters, germinate for 2–8 months.
Six-lobed. Medium seeds, deepen by one centimeter when planted, germinate in a period of 1.5-6 months.

general information

The Latin name is clematis mandschurica. People call it clematis.

The first clematis were grown in Japan. They appeared on the territory of Europe already in the 16th century and immediately gained immense popularity.

One of the features is considered to be the variety of varieties. Among them are Taiga Snow, Artagena Franchi, Malysh, Madame le Cultre, Multi Blue, grape-leaved, etc. There are over 300 varieties. They differ from each other in characteristics, properties, color. Taiga snow, for example, has white flowers. Manchurian clematis is the least common.

This plant has a lot of features:

It is perennial.
In landscape design, it is used for vertical gardening.
Homeland - the Far Eastern part of Russia, the east of China, Korea.
It is considered a type of direct clematis.
Has a branchy stem that clings to buildings or nearby plants.
It has a pungent taste and a pungent aroma. In contact with mucous membranes, it can cause irritation.
Each large leaf consists of 5-7 small ones. Inflorescences are built according to the same principle.
During the flowering season (June-July), up to 500 flowers grow on one shoot.
The flowers are white, each with 4 petals.
The height of the liana ranges from 1.5 to 3 m.
The aroma is especially pronounced in the heat.
The plant easily gets used to new conditions and overwinters.
New inflorescences are formed on the shoots left over from last year. Thanks to this feature, there are no problems with cropping.

Due to its properties, Manchu clematis is used to decorate terraces, gazebos or even walls.

Liana is braided on any base, be it a fence, a gazebo or a wall of a house

general characteristics

Clematis Manchurian is a great option for vertical gardening. This plant is loved by many gardeners for its decorative effect, pretty flowering with a wonderful aroma and unpretentiousness. This particular type has several advantages over the others, for example, the pruning process is much easier. The main characteristics allow the plant to be grown in a wide variety of regions, which is convenient.

Basic description

All clematis can be in the form of shrubs, dwarf shrubs or vines. The homeland of the plant is Japan. And it got to European countries in the 16th century, and immediately began to gain popularity. The translation of the name sounds "vine shoot", "climbing plant". There is also a popular version - "clematis".
In total, there are at least 230 varieties of clematis (according to some sources, more than 300), which can vary greatly among themselves. It's hard to imagine that everyone belongs to the same Buttercup family.
The most loved by flower growers are the following varieties of clematis: Taiga Snow, Ville de Lyon, Ernst Wilhem, Artagena Franky, Kid, Grape-leaved, Madame de Cultre and others.
Manchurian clematis is one of the most rare species planted in summer cottages or garden plots. Its natural habitat is considered to be the eastern part of China, Korea and the Far East. In general, for regions with a temperate climate, it is advisable to choose deciduous varieties, which include the Manchurian clematis.
Some breeders classify this species as straight clematis.

Morphological signs

Very often, Manchu clematis is used for landscaping gazebos, fences or walls of houses, because its structure of shoots is highly branched.The twigs cling to any irregularities and protrusions, forming a green vertical carpet with white small flowers.

Shoots are not lignified, and the leaves have a complex structure, they consist of 3 - 7 small oblong leaves. This clematis belongs to herbaceous species, and its height varies from one and a half to 3 m.
Flowering is expressed by small white flowers, consisting of 4 elongated petals, which are collected in umbellate inflorescences. A distinctive feature of the species - flowering occurs only on the branches of the current year, therefore, when pruning, only last year's shoots are removed, which simplifies this procedure.
With proper care, one branch can bloom from 150 to 500 flowers.
If you plant a plant in a well-lit place, then the flowers have a more pronounced pungent aroma. If there is a tendency to allergic reactions, then the cultivation of this type of clematis should be abandoned: mucous membranes may be irritated.
The flowering of Manchurian clematis occurs in the second half of June and continues until mid-summer in central Russia.

The plant loves the sun, warmth, but does not tolerate excess moisture. It can successfully endure winters with frosts down to -40 degrees with careful shelter.

Clematis is successfully used in medicine and cosmetology. The root part and foliage have healing properties. Infusions and ointments are successfully used in oriental medicine for serious diseases (cancer, diabetes mellitus, oncology), as well as for the normalization of hormonal levels in women and from many other ailments.

Landing features

The plant is very undemanding, but it is necessary to follow the basic recommendations for successful growth and development.

Seat selection

It is advisable to plant clematis in sunny places or in an area where the sun is in the morning and afternoon. Light partial shade or diffused lighting will also work.
It is strongly undesirable to plant the plant on the north side or close to the wall. Remember that the vine grows over time and will need enough space.
Do not plant Manchu clematis in a place where groundwater flows close to the soil surface - moisture for the bush and its root system is destructive, putrefactive processes may appear.
The location should be chosen taking into account the plant's intolerance to sudden gusts of wind and drafts.

Soil composition

Choose a well-fertilized fertile soil, you can loam or sandy, but with the introduction of humus. The soil should allow air and moisture to pass well. It is categorically impossible to plant clematis in the ground, which has a large percentage of lime. The soil is only slightly alkaline.

You can plant a plant throughout the season. In the case when a seedling is purchased with open roots, you cannot hesitate. Landing is required immediately. Remember that clematis lives for a long time, in one place - up to 15 - 20 years. Therefore, before planting, carefully think over the place and dig up the soil.

The preparation of the site begins in about a year. Remove all weeds and debris.
If there is only one seedling, then a planting hole is dug, if there are several copies, then prepare the whole place, dig up and add mineral complexes, wood ash, sand, garden soil, peat and humus - in equal amounts.

After a year, plants can be planted, the land by this time is structured and settles. If there are several bushes, then make the gap between them at least 1 m.

Landing technology

The diameter of the planting hole is 60 x 60 x 60 cm. Be sure to lay a drainage layer on the bottom. Expanded clay, pebbles, crushed stone, small stones are suitable.
Before planting, lower the seedlings with the root system in a solution with a growth stimulator. Use the drug according to the instructions. Then you can sit in a permanent place.
Place a mound of fertile, nutritious potting soil on top of the drainage layer. Place the plant on top and spread the root shoots.
Then start pouring the soil and compact it a little so that voids do not form between the roots. the root collar must be dug 10 - 15 cm into the soil, this way the tillering node is better formed, and the plant will look thicker and more lush.
Water the trunk circle liberally after planting. Make a groove first so that moisture does not spread, but gets into the area of the root system. Next, mulch with peat or sawdust.
Mulching helps to retain moisture for a longer period, which is convenient if you can't go to your summer cottage often. In addition, weeds will not grow next to clematis and will not take away the necessary nutrients for growth.

How to grow clematis from seeds?

Planting and care, carried out taking into account the key features of the shrubs, allows them to achieve that they manage to form a well-developed root system in a few weeks and please the owner with delicate flowers in the first year. However, novice gardeners do not favor the method of propagating clematis from seeds, since they are not ready to spend a lot of time and effort on this procedure. Most often, they grow clematis from young seedlings purchased in stores.

However, from almost any clematis, you can get several dozen well-developed seedlings, for which it is enough to dig in the shoots with earth. Therefore, among knowledgeable gardeners, the most popular method of propagation by layering. It is recommended to carry out this procedure in early spring before flowering. Then you can get well-developed shrubs already before the first frost. The same growers who decide to choose a seed propagation method will have to make a decision: to sow seeds directly into the ground or in special containers in which young shoots will grow during the winter.

Reproduction of various varieties

In order not to have problems with the cultivation of clematis, it is necessary to use small-flowered varieties, which in their properties are as close as possible to the wild ones. It is not recommended to use complex hybrids for growing, as this significantly reduces the chances of getting strong and healthy plants from seeds. At the same time, there are such large-flowered varieties of clematis that it is not possible to grow in room conditions. You can get them only by contacting nurseries, where they are offered to everyone in the form of seedlings or young shrubs.

Clematis Manchu

Most often, in a temperate climate, Manchurian clematis is grown. It is quite easy to get strong seedlings from the seeds of this variety, and subsequently well-developed adult bushes, since in its properties it practically does not differ from wild-growing relatives. This variety is very resistant to negative temperatures, and even having a small size and inconspicuous color of flowers, this plant can decorate any area.

Clematis Tangut

Florists who are not indifferent to bright bells should turn their eyes to Tangut Clematis. This could be, for example, "Love Radar". Although it can be difficult to grow this variety from seeds, this problem can be solved if desired. For flower growers, this variety is interesting due to the fact that it tolerates low temperatures well, blooms for a long time, and also provides an opportunity to enjoy its flowering in indoor conditions after transplanting into pots or tubs.

Tangut clematis differs in that as it grows up it grows into a climbing vine. Therefore, in order to enjoy his flowers, he will need to establish a reliable support. You can enjoy the sight of yellow bells at the end of May. Moreover, until the fall, these flowers will be able to bring great joy not only to the gardener, but also to those around them.

Helios variety

Among cold-resistant varieties, Helios deserves special attention. For many growers, this variety is one of the most attractive.However, you need to take into account the following point: before you get an adult clematis, it will have to be grown indoors or in closed ground. This is due to the fact that only adult plants tolerate low temperatures well.

You can also grow large double-flowered clematis. Any gardener who decides to plant the seeds of this plant will definitely be able to wait for the shoots. However, you need to be prepared for the fact that, having reached an adult state, these clematis will no longer demonstrate the beauty that the mother bush possesses. To eliminate such differences, you will have to carry out a complex vaccination. Therefore, if you do not want to face similar problems, it is better to buy ready-made shrubs in advance.

Tricks of experienced florists for lush bloom.

To grow a beautiful clematis, one must be aware that they are real gluttons, they must not be fed, but fed regularly and abundantly!

When to feed clematis. Fertilize the vine every 10 days in small portions of fertilizer, always in liquid form. We start feeding in May, when the shoots begin to grow.
How to feed:
- 1 tbsp. a spoonful of ammonium nitrate in 10 liters of water or
- cow dung in a ratio of 1:10, or
- bird droppings in a ratio of 1:15 or
- 2 tablespoons of vermicompost per 10 liters of water.
  We use one bucket of mortar per bush.
How to fertilize. Alternate mineral fertilizers with organic ones. When buds appear, give both organic and mineral fertilizers.
We protect against pests. If the soil is acidic, to prevent wilting disease (wilt), you need to deacidify it with milk of lime 200 g of lime per 10 liters of water. Ash is also suitable for this purpose.
We strengthen the plant. These garden vines love growth stimulants - so spray them with Epin extra every 10 days. This protects them from stress, helps them survive the spring frosts successfully, and makes the shoots more active.

How to plant clematis seeds

When starting to propagate clematis by seeds, you should know that this method is available only for species specimens (Figure 3).

Seed planting methods depend on the size and quality characteristics of the planting material. So, large seeds (like the hybrids of Jacquemann, Duran, Florida) germinate for a very long time, therefore they need proper storage for 10-12 months and a stratification procedure that lasts about 3 months.

Figure 3. Sowing technology depends on the size of the seeds

Seeds of medium size (in Manchu, Chinese, curly clematis) germinate from 3 to 6 months. They need not only stratification, but also soaking in warm water for more than one week. Finally, the fastest (2-4 weeks) germinate small seeds of Tangut, grape-leaved, gray clematis. Therefore, they are sown without preliminary preparation directly into the ground.

As for the specific methods of autumn planting, the most common are the following:

Kivistik method.
Sharonova's method.
Sheveleva's method.

The technology of the first of these methods involves sprinkling the planting material with coarse sand and keeping it under glass in greenhouses at a temperature of +20 degrees and optimal soil moisture indicators until April. For the summer period, the sown containers are placed in film greenhouses, where the sprouting process continues. In this case, the grown specimens are gradually transplanted to a permanent place. Sharonova's method suggests sowing seeds in the fall in half-liter containers filled with humus, which in the future should be slightly covered with a film and kept in a semi-dark room. The shoots that appeared after 3 months dive into boxes with an interval of 5 cm. The grown seedlings are transferred to a permanent place in July at a distance of 50 cm from each other.

According to the third method, the seeds are also sown in jars, which after three months are placed in the refrigerator until spring.This procedure provides almost 100% germination of the material.

As you can see, growing clematis from seeds is quite troublesome, which is why it is so important to follow all the recommendations at every stage, while not forgetting to think critically. For example, if the weather outside the window is still not entirely stable, and according to the recommendations, it is time to plant seedlings in open ground, it is better to wait a little longer with planting, not forgetting to water moderately and protect from drafts and direct sunlight