Liana care
The plant needs to be watered, fed and cut on time. Do not put too much mineral fertilizer. An excess of potassium will cause abundant foliage growth and discoloration. In winter, young vines are sheltered to protect them from the cold.
Watering and feeding for wisteria
The first year of life, the vine grows quickly, so it needs a lot of moisture. Then the frequency of watering is reduced. From late autumn to early spring, the plant does not need moisture, since it begins a period of rest. In very hot weather, spray the wisteria with water early in the morning.
To stimulate flowering, the plant is fed with mixtures with potassium. Iron salts applied under the root system of wisteria will help to cope with yellowing of the leaves. The plant is well suited for fertilizing fruit trees. There is also a special fertilizer for wisteria.
Organic feeding:
- wood ash;
- eggshell;
- manure;
- chicken droppings.
Trimming scheme
Remove old and dead branches regularly to stimulate abundant flowering of wisteria as young shoots grow. Liana is pruned at the end of winter and in the middle of summer. Do this for the first 2-3 years to prepare the base for permanent stems. Then the plant will form a "skeleton" and to decorate the crown of the vine will need to cut off excess shoots in the summer.
Preparing for winter
For the winter, shoots must be wrapped from frost. Indoor varieties do well indoors at + 10 ° C. When growing and wintering at home, wisteria does not need to be sprayed. If the air in the room is dry due to the operation of the heating system, containers with water are installed near the plants.
Before wintering, young street vines are carefully detached from the support and laid on the ground. Sprinkle on top with soil, and then cover with spruce branches or artificial material for mulching. Adult wisteria will not die in winter. The plant can withstand temperatures down to -25 ° C.
Nigella properties
Nigella sowing (nigella medicinal) is used not only to decorate the garden. The seeds of this type of nigella have a strawberry smell and a pungent peppery taste, therefore they are widely used in cooking as a spice. For example, such seeds are added during baking in buns and bread, in marinades during the manufacture of canned vegetables, and in the form of a powder they are used during the preparation of soups. The leaves of this plant are eaten like greens, the fact is that they have a tonic and tonic effect. In the summertime, these leaves are used to prepare a salad along with coriander, dill, basil, parsley and chervil.
Such a plant not only tastes good, but it is also very useful. So, the seeds of Nigella medicinal contain carotene, essential oils, vitamin E, ascorbic acid, as well as a lipase enzyme. Due to this, they have a laxative, antispasmodic, antifungal, antioxidant, bronchodilatory, antiviral, anthelmintic, diuretic, analgesic, antiulcer, antibacterial, antiallergenic, antitumor, immunostimulating and choleretic effect. They are recommended for use in high blood pressure, dysbiosis, periodontal disease, pyelonephritis, flatulence and gastrointestinal disorders, hormonal disorders, vegetative vascular dystonia, cystitis and poor appetite. Such seeds can strengthen memory, improve the functioning of the liver and pancreas, and also contribute to the fact that the aging process in the body slows down.These seeds, together with certain medications, treat diseases such as diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension, epilepsy, asthma, cancer and drug addiction. Tea made from such seeds helps to accelerate metabolic processes in the body and cleanses it of toxins and toxins, and it also helps to get rid of excess weight.
Several fairly well-known folk remedies from Nigella sowing:
- Nigella seed tincture. The seeds must be combined with vodka in a 1: 5 ratio. The resulting mixture is removed to a dark place for 7 days. Then the tincture will only have to be filtered and put on the shelf of the refrigerator for storage. In case of diseases of the respiratory tract, they drink this tincture in 10-15 drops.
- Tea. 200 mg of freshly boiled water must be combined with 1 gram of nigella seeds. Let it brew for 15 minutes. Such tea should be drunk during the day in small portions, while it will have a laxative, tonic, diuretic and choleretic effect on the body. To achieve the anthelmintic effect, during the day you need to drink at least 2 liters of such a remedy, at the same time you need to eat spicy food (herring, onions, etc.). These seeds differ in that they have almost the same pungency as black pepper, but they do not irritate the digestive tract.
- Delicious tortillas with seeds. You will need 1 kg of flour, from which you need to prepare the dough in water. 1.5 large tablespoons of nigella seeds are poured into it and everything mixes well. The dough should stand for 40 to 50 minutes, then juices are formed from it, which are rolled into flat cakes. They are baked in the oven, and then coated with oil while still hot.
Also, nigella seeds are widely used in the fight against moths. The seeds are poured into small bags of gauze or cloth, which are tightly sewn up. The pouches are then placed on the shelves in the closet. Interestingly, the scent of these seeds can scare away not only moths, but mosquitoes and snakes as well.
However, Nigella has a number of contraindications, funds from such a flower cannot be used:
- pregnant women (especially in the later stages);
- patients with active thrombophlebitis;
- with gallstone disease;
- with ischemic heart disease;
- with acute gastritis with high acidity.
Still, such funds must be completely excluded for people with transplanted organs. The fact is that they strengthen the immune system, and this can lead to the rejection of the implanted organ.
Reproduction of annual asters
Callistephuses are grown only from seed, there is simply no other option for these annual favorites. But the cultivation method itself can be chosen at your discretion, depending on the capabilities, skills and climate.
Annual asters are grown:
- through seedlings;
- sowing into the soil.
The seedling method is the most popular and most productive. It not only allows you to enjoy full bloom, but is also the most "reliable" option for growing callistephuses in regions with harsh winters. Asters are sown for seedlings in the first half of spring, starting in the second decade of March. Sowing at the end of March is considered optimal. For plants, any shallow container and light all-purpose soil will work. Before sowing, the substrate is calcined or disinfected with fungicides. Sowing is carried out, slightly covering the seeds with sifted soil or humus (layer up to 0.5 cm), on a moistened substrate. Under a film or glass, containers are installed in a room with an air temperature of 18 to 20 degrees Celsius. In asters, the waiting period for shoots is short and takes only 1 week (the first seedlings may appear in a couple of days, the last in 10-14 days). Aster seedlings feel great both in the cool (but not lower than 15 degrees Celsius) and at room temperature. Plants dive as soon as the first true leaf appears.Diving at early sowing is carried out into individual medium-sized containers, boxes, if sowing was carried out late - immediately into containers for a pot garden and open ground with shelter from late return frosts. For planting seedlings in the soil, the standard dates for the middle lane are suitable - the end of May or the beginning of June, but due to the fact that this plant perfectly withstands frosts down to -4, it is fashionable to "shift" planting to mid-May with a favorable forecast.
Sowing directly at the growing site is associated with very late flowering, which in regions with harsh winters may mean no flowering at all. Only early and middle varieties of asters are suitable for him. With this method of growing, the plants are stronger, they bloom longer and more magnificently. The optimal period for sowing asters into the soil is the third decade of April and the first decade of May, with the cover of crops to protect against return frosts or pre-winter sowing. When sowing in winter, asters bloom only 2 weeks later than when growing seedlings. For asters in advance, preferably in the fall, you need to prepare the sites by digging deep into the soil and adding full mineral fertilizers and compost to it. The seeds are sown in shallow grooves. For spring sowing, cover with a film will be needed. Young shoots are slightly opened on warm days and covered in cold ones, gradually hardening. Thinning or planting to a distance of 10-15 cm between shoots is carried out after the appearance of the third true leaf. Extra plants can be used as seedlings.
It is convenient to sow asters for seedlings in greenhouses and hotbeds, which makes it possible to somewhat reduce the expectation of flowering. This method also grows mainly early and middle varieties of asters. The soil is prepared in advance, disinfecting it in the same way as for growing seedlings. The conditions for sowing and growing do not differ from the seedling method.
Types and varieties of astilba
Astilba: varieties and types, you can see a photo with the name of the culture below. Almost ten species are widespread in culture, quite a lot of hybrids and varieties based on them.
Japanese Astilba Astilbe japonica is a native of Japan (Shikoku Island), distributed since 1837. Long-term herbaceous plant, medium-sized, up to 80 centimeters high. Leaves are twice pinnate with a ragged edge, glossy, on reddish petioles, dark emerald. The flowers are fragrant, small, white or pink in color, sit compactly, the inflorescence is rhombic, about thirty centimeters long. Blossom for 3 weeks, in July, sets fruit.
Astilba Chinese Astilbe chinensis - a native of China, common in culture since 1859. Long-term herb, medium-sized, seventy to one hundred centimeters high. Leaflets are triple-feathery, dark-malachite with rufous pubescence along the veins on both leaf surfaces. Flowers in tones of light lilac to almost milky, small, close together, the plant blooms from late June to August. On the basis of this species, a variety was obtained, assigned to a special type of Astilba David (tall plants. Chinese Astilbe includes many low-growing dwarf and medium-sized varieties.
Astilba David Astilbe davidii - an immigrant from North China and Mongolia, distributed since 1902. Herbaceous perennial plant, reaches a height of up to one and a half meters, sometimes up to two. Leaves are double or triple pinnate, pleasantly herbal in color. The inflorescence is conical, erect, loose panicles with pinkish-crimson flowers, up to forty centimeters long. Blossoming from mid-July to August. Also the plant is called Astilba Arensa
Astilbe simple-leaved Astilbe simplicifolia - a native of Japan (about ‑ in Honshu), distributed since 1911. Herbaceous perennial plant, reaches a height of 50-60 cm, light green leaves with brown veins, three-pinnate, wrinkled, with a double-toothed edge. Inflorescences are cone-shaped, tilting, up to 20 cm long, with small snow-white flowers on high pedicels... Bloom in July-August, 2 weeks, sets fruit. There are many types of all kinds of colors.
Astilba Thunberg Astilbe thunbergii - a native of the Far East, distributed since 1878. Herbaceous perennial plant, medium-sized, about 80 centimeters high. Leaves are doubly pinnate with a ragged end, glossy, emerald. The flowers are snow-white, fragrant in loose paniculate bending inflorescences about twenty centimeters long. Blooms in July - August, sets fruit.
In addition to these natural species, hybrids have become widespread:
Astilbe Arends Astilbe Arendsii Hybrida - named after Georg Arends (a famous German breeder and florist), and obtained by crossing several types of Astilbe: David, Japanese, Thunberg, etc. Leaves are twice or thrice pinnate, with a jagged edge, shiny, shoots are brown -red. The bushes are generally tall and medium-sized. More than 40 varieties are widespread, of which the most popular are 'Bergkristal' 'Bergkristal' (white-yellow flowers) and 'Amethyst' 'Amethyst' (purple flowers), 'Fanal' 'Fanal' (pomegranate-red flowers) and 'Brautschleier' Brautschleier '(white flowers),' Burgundy Red '' Burgundy Red '(intense red flowers),' Hyacinth '' Hyazinth '(lilac-pink flowers),' Gloria purpurea '' Gloria Purpurea '(delicate purple flowers), etc. ...
Astilbe group of Lemoine hybrids Astilbe Lemoine Hybrida - hybrids bred by the French breeder Emile Lemoine, based on Japanese astilba, Thunberg astilba and other species. Today, hardly a dozen varieties are popular, among which the most famous is ‘Mont Blanc’ ‘Mont Blanc’ with white pyramidal inflorescences.
When choosing astilbe varieties, two factors should be taken into account:
- the tallness of the bush to determine its place in the flower garden
- the color of the inflorescences to arrange the flower beds according to the shade
