Garden chrysanthemum: flower of the sun

How can you make money on chrysanthemums?

Chrysanthemums, unlike other perennials, multiply quite quickly. Already in the first season, from each mother bush, you can get from ten to thirty cuttings (depending on the variety). In a few months, young seedlings have time to gain strength and, with good care, turn into beautiful flowering bushes by autumn.

That is why growing chrysanthemums is one of the most attractive areas of the flower business.

There are many options for making money on chrysanthemums, the most popular are:

• sale of rooted cuttings;
• realization of potted chrysanthemums;
• growing cut flowers;
• sale of flowering bushes;
• sale of mother plants (bushes with shoots).

You can promote a business in one direction, doing, for example, only growing chrysanthemums for cutting, or you can combine and develop several directions at once.

It will be easier for flower growers with little experience to grow chrysanthemums in the usual timeframe from root shoots or rooted cuttings.

Diseases and pests

With proper and timely care, the plant is not exposed to diseases and pests.

But if it lacks moisture or micronutrients, then a fungal infection can strike it. Powdery mildew manifests itself in the form of white bloom on the leaves, rust - yellowness of the plates, gray rot - gray bloom, which leads to the death of the plant, ring spot - drying and yellowing of the leaves. When the first signs of illness appear, the infected parts are removed. The bush and its aboveground part are sprayed with fungicides, copper oxychloride or Bordeaux mixture within a radius of 50 cm.If you have an entire bush affected, then it can no longer be saved - it is better to dispose of it so that the infection does not spread. For the prevention of root rot, the drug "Fitosporin" is added to the water for irrigation according to the instructions.

Aphid causes considerable harm to the plant. It spreads to the bottom of the bud and under the leaves. The larvae and the insect itself suck out all the liquid from the plant. This leads to wilting, growth retardation and flowering. For processing, make a solution of "Aktellik" or "Aktara" and add laundry soap there.

If you find that the buds do not open on the chrysanthemum bush, and the leaves become stained and die off, these are signs of the appearance of a meadow bug. He and his larvae feed on the sap of the plant. To do this, you can treat the bush with a solution of baby shampoo. For preventive purposes, you can use "Phosphamide".

Slugs and snails are also shrub pests. They eat leaves and shoots. It is necessary to deal with them carefully, without disturbing the ecosystem of the site. To do this, you can collect pests by hand or fill the space under the bush with broken eggshells.

In rare cases, a chrysanthemum bush can be infected with a viral infection, which, unfortunately, cannot be treated:

• mosaic dots appeared on the surface of the leaves - these are signs of a mosaic;
• foliage becomes speckled, and flowers are deformed - these are symptoms of aspermia;
• if the plant is infected with the dwarf virus, then early flowering begins and growth slows down.

If one of these signs appears, it is necessary to remove the bush from the site and burn it.

For prevention purposes, look at the leaves more often, thin them out, prevent pests from appearing, use a sterile tool when cutting.

For the features of growing chrysanthemums, see the next video.

Varieties and varieties of garden chrysanthemums with photos

Garden chrysanthemum is a perennial plant, the height of which depends on the species and can be from 15 to 150 cm. Currently, a large number of varieties of chrysanthemums are known, which, according to some features and characteristics, are combined into groups.

The size of the inflorescences

Perennial chrysanthemums are divided into three groups according to the diameter of the flowers:

• small-flowered;
• mid-flowered;
• large-flowered.

Small-flowered or Korean plants can be simple or double. A large number of inflorescences with a flower diameter of 2-10 cm grows on one bush. The bushes themselves can reach a height of 25 to 120 cm. The leaves of the plant are in the form of oak leaves. Flowers are frost-resistant, undemanding to the composition of the soil and easy to care for. Their flowering begins in mid-September and continues until the very frost.

Mid-flowered or ornamental chrysanthemums can be grown not only for garden decoration, but also for cutting. They also grow well in pots at home. They can be used to decorate balconies, loggias and terraces. Ornamental shrubs grow up to 30-70 cm, and have a flower diameter of 10-18 cm.

Large-flowered chrysanthemums are spectacular tall plants. The length of their stem can reach from 80 to 120 cm. They bloom in large flowers with a diameter of 10-25 cm. This type of chrysanthemum does not tolerate frost well. Only some of its varieties can winter outdoors. Such flowers are intended mainly for cutting into bouquets.

The shape and height of the bush

According to the shape and height of the bush, garden chrysanthemums are divided into three types, each of which has many varieties.

Tall. The stems of this type of garden chrysanthemum can be very tall and require supports such as frames, metal nets, or wooden pegs. Supports are installed during the planting of the bushes. Plants planted in a group can be used as a hedge. The most popular varieties of tall garden chrysanthemums are:

1. "Amber Lady" - the plant is distinguished by golden inflorescences.
2. "Umka" - chrysanthemums with white flowers, the shape of which resembles a pompom.
3. "Daughter of Rosetta" is strewn with flat inflorescences with flowers of pink and white shades.

Medium-sized. Bushes growing up to 30-50 cm look very impressive both on a flower bed and along paths, fences, arbors. With their help, you can realize various design fantasies. The best varieties of medium-sized garden chrysanthemums are:

1. "Dawn" - the plant has a yellow-brown color, which is just right for the autumn mood.
2. "Dune" is a truly magical variety, the flowers of which can change their color during flowering. They bloom yellow-brown, and after a few days they turn yellow-gold.
3. "Lily" will help to add brightness to any composition with its dark crimson flowers.

Curb. Small plants grow up to only 30 cm. This type of chrysanthemum is considered one of the most beautiful garden flowers. Bushes of border chrysanthemums are in the shape of a ball, strewn with small flowers. In this group, the most popular varieties:

1. "Barbara" is a plant with delicate lilac-purple flowers.
2. "Evening Lights" - the variety is distinguished by scarlet inflorescences that resemble a festive fireworks.
3. "Talisman" is strewn with bright beetroot-crimson flowers.

Flower shape

Garden chrysanthemums have five different kinds of flower shapes:

1. Pompom flowers are an assembly of tongues that are assembled into a ball that resembles a pompom.
2. Anemoid flowers consist of large petals, which are collected in one, two or three rows. The flowers themselves are small in size and very similar to anemone flowers.
3. Single-row and double-row inflorescences are bordered by flowers that look like tongues. In the center of such inflorescences, small tubular flowers grow. The border of flowers can be arranged in one or two rows.
4. Semi-double flowers consist of three rows of reeds that are arranged around a central flower.
5. Terry inflorescences are similar to semi-double ones, but their flowers are more luxuriant, since they are diverse in appearance and shape.

Combination with other colors

A flower bed of chrysanthemums is a great idea for landscaping, but a garden cannot consist of them only. If you decide to plant an autumn flower bed of only chrysanthemums, think about the right background - experts point out that fruit trees are perfect as such. The chrysanthemum substrate in the orchard adds brightness and attractiveness to the plantings.

However, the requirement for the fruitful essence of trees is not so obligatory - wild trees with shrubs, including hawthorn, mountain ash and elderberry, can be used as a background. Against the background of low wild-growing crops, dwarf chrysanthemum bushes look especially interesting.

Often, chrysanthemums of medium and tall varieties are combined with other low shrubs typical for the garden - first of all, it is worth noting barberry, raspberry and sea buckthorn. The foliage of these bushes is quite picturesque, and bright berries can additionally decorate the flower bed and give it a special unique charm, making your garden stand out from any competitors.

Many gardeners also prefer the cultivation of chrysanthemums in conjunction with ornamental deciduous plants, which are also planted for decoration, but show off the beauty not so much of the flowers as of the leaves. These garden plants include Chinese magnolia vine, ivy and hydrangea.

Finally, a blooming chrysanthemum can be found in a more complex flower garden, assembled from several types of attractive flowers. Most often, dahlias, asters and even asparagus are in the company with her, which together create good compositions. In the bouquets, you can see a somewhat unusual combination of chrysanthemum and rose.

How to plant?

Planting multiflora chrysanthemums is the first important point that any gardener has to face. First you need to choose a landing site. If the bush is planted in the ground, then the place must be open and sunny. It is also necessary to plant chrysanthemums in a flowerpot wisely. Therefore, both options should be considered more closely.

In the open field

First of all, you should understand that the selected area must be well lit. The plant needs sunlight even in the evening.

Next, you need to turn your attention to the ground. It is worth choosing one that is able to pass moisture well.

After all, chrysanthemum needs high-quality hydration. In addition, the soil should not only be light, but also nutritious. Land mixed in equal amounts with sand and peat is most suitable. It is necessary to fill the hole in which the bush is planted with this mixture.

Chrysanthemums are best planted in spring. The landing time depends entirely on the region. So, in the middle lane, it is best to land in early May. But in the southern regions it can be done a little earlier, for example, at the beginning of April. In the north, chrysanthemums should be planted no earlier than mid-May. However, gardeners should also know that if you plant a little earlier, the shape of the bush will be more beautiful and lush.

The depth of the pit must be at least 45 centimeters. At the very bottom, a drainage layer of fine gravel or coarse sand should be covered. Some gardeners add eggshells to the hole, which plays the role of not only drainage, but also feeding. After that, you need to fill up the prepared substrate, and then water it. When the water is absorbed, the chrysanthemum can be planted.

As a support, you can stick a rod into the hole, the height of which will be equal to 1 meter. In addition, you need to make an artificial shade for the plant.

In this case, it is important that the canopy does not come into contact with the chrysanthemum, so it must be raised higher

In a pot

Many gardeners who are unable to plant a chrysanthemum in a flower bed use ordinary flowerpots for this. In this case, you can place your favorite plant in any place you like; it can be a balcony, a terrace, or even a veranda. The main thing is that the place is well lit by the sun from all sides.

Planting can be done either by cuttings or seedlings. Make sure to drill a few holes at the bottom of the pot. After that, you also need to fill up the drainage, and then the substrate. When planting, the sprout does not need to be buried too much.

Landing

There are two ways to grow chrysanthemums from seeds:

• sowing seeds in open soil;
• by growing seedlings.

Let's take a closer look at each of the methods.

Seedless way

This technology for growing chrysanthemums is considered the most optimal due to its availability and minimal labor costs. The only downside to this method is that plants tend to bloom late. The results can only be seen at the end of the summer season. It is necessary to take into account the fact that the technology of growing annual and perennial plants differs markedly. You can grow an annual plant by following some rules step by step.

• The planting material is planted in open ground at the end of May. Holes are dug in the prepared area, the gap between them should not exceed 30 centimeters.
• The wells are filled with warm water. After the soil is well saturated, seeds are planted - 2-3 pieces in each hole.
• Sprinkle the seeds on top with a little earth and cover with foil. This is necessary to maintain a normal microclimate.
• From time to time, sowing must be ventilated by removing the film. When the seedlings grow up, the film is removed, and the soil is cleared of weeds.
• After germination of seedlings, it is recommended to fertilize them. For this, tools such as "Ideal" or "Rainbow" are perfect.
• After up to 3 leaves appear on the shoots, and their height is at least 10 centimeters, the strongest and healthiest shoots must be left in the hole.

Seedling

Seedlings of perennial chrysanthemums must be grown in a warm room. This breeding method is popular among girls' chrysanthemums, one of the brightest representatives of which is the Golden Ball variety. The sowing process should be carried out in late winter or early spring. Chrysanthemum seeds need to be planted in small boxes filled with soil mixture, which consists of components such as humus and peat. In a specialized store, you can buy a ready-made mixture. Drainage should be laid out at the bottom of the container used for planting; it can be presented in the form of expanded clay or gravel. In some cases, gardeners use broken bricks. An earthen mixture is poured over the drainage, followed by chrysanthemum seeds. Deep seeding should not be done; it is enough to lightly press the seeds against the soil.

The planted seeds should be sprayed with water and covered with foil, then placed in a warm place, the air temperature should be at least 23 ° C. Seeds need to be ventilated from time to time and sprayed with warm water.

If you adhere to all the above rules, then the seedlings should appear in 1.5 weeks. After that, containers with sprouts must be placed in a well-lit place. Thus, the plant gradually adapts to its environment. The film must be removed first for one hour, then for two, and then remove it completely.

Disease and pest control

When growing chrysanthemums for sale, special attention must be paid to the quality of the planting material. If agricultural technology is fully followed, chrysanthemum bushes grow well and are not affected by diseases at all.

After a period of prolonged rains, it is recommended to carry out a preventive treatment with fungicides.Starting in August, plants are watered only in the morning to prevent the appearance of fungal diseases. Chrysanthemums can be affected by gray mold and downy mildew. To stop the spread of these diseases, plants are sprayed with Skor (2 ml per 10 l of water) or Topaz (4 ml per 10 l of water) preparations.

The most common pests on chrysanthemums are aphids, thrips, spider mites, caterpillars and slugs. Against ticks and aphids, the drugs "Engio", "Iskra" and others are used.

To protect against slugs, metaldehyde granules are scattered under the bushes. The most dangerous pest of chrysanthemums is the nematode; blackening of the lower leaves can be a sign of its presence. Plants damaged by the nematode must be removed and burned. On a site infected with this pest, chrysanthemums cannot be planted for several more years.

Home Chrysanthemum Care

Chrysanthemums prefer bright diffused light, illumination by morning and evening direct sunlight, but shading at noon hours. In summer, it is advisable to keep the plants outdoors. In winter, in room conditions at a temperature not lower than 15 ° C.

When caring for a home chrysanthemum, abundant watering is required during the active growing season, as the upper layer of the substrate dries up, with soft, settled water. Drying out of the soil leads to the dropping of leaves and buds. During the period of active growth, the plants are regularly sprayed in the morning and in the evening with soft, settled water.

Chrysanthemums at home are short-day plants, they set flowers and develop only if they receive no more than 10 hours of light per day for 8-11 weeks. Otherwise, they bloom poorly, blooming unevenly, or do not bloom at all. To get larger flowers, pluck out the buds, leaving only a few pieces on the bush.

When the plant has faded, it is pruned close to the ground and placed in a cool room with a temperature of about 3-5 ° C. Watering, only slightly wetting the soil. In March, plants are transplanted into a soil mixture of sod land, humus, peat and sand (1: 1: 1: 0.5) and kept at a temperature of 15-18 ° C.

After transplanting, once every two weeks, the plants are fed with complex mineral fertilizers with a high nitrogen content. Potash fertilizers are used during flowering. New shoots are pinched as they grow back.

Formation of chrysanthemum bushes

When growing chrysanthemums, it is very important to form them correctly. Large-flowered chrysanthemums are shaped so that only one bud remains on each shoot

All other flower buds, as well as shoots growing from the leaf axils, are removed.

Formation of chrysanthemum bushes.

The number of buds that a chrysanthemum is able to form depends on the timing of cuttings. If it was carried out in February-March, 4 buds are formed on the plant:

• the first (spring) - appears in May-June;
• the second (first crown) - from mid-June to the end of July;
• the third (second crown) - in August;
• the last (terminal) - in the fall, in September-October.

Seat selection

One of the main criteria for successful chrysanthemum breeding is the selection of the right place. It must have the following properties:

• good illumination;
• moderate humidity;
• normal air circulation;
• the presence of nutrients.

For the plant to be well lit, the planting site should be on a small hill. A good supply of sunlight contributes to the correct formation of the bush. With a lack of sunlight, the height of the plant becomes higher than the average, which entails rare flowering and bare patches on the stems of the shrub. Sometimes flowering may not come at all.

The elevation is also a favorable place for growing chrysanthemums in terms of soil moisture. This arrangement avoids stagnant water.Excessively wet soil has a bad effect on the development of the shrub and can subsequently provoke root rot. In addition, in such cases, moisture-loving pests often appear on the plants. If the site is in the shade, then such an arrangement of the bush will only exacerbate the problem.

With such a development of the shrub, flowering may not be. It is really possible to cope with this problem, it is enough just to fertilize the soil before planting the plant and after its rooting. Before planting, compost can be used as fertilizer, as well as nitrogen fertilization.