Soil for succulents: transplanting and growing options

Probable problems and illnesses

Pests from the outside rarely attack succulents. Sometimes nematodes can be found in the root system. Thrips can also grow in the soil. This is possible only in cases where the soil and its filler were not purchased in the store, but dug out by the owner himself. In such a situation, one should resort to propagation by the top of the plant or make a transplant, having completely cleaned the roots of soil particles, and then treat the indicated areas with disinfectants.

Succulents get sick from inexperienced flower growers. They are faced with a situation where the plant rots. This is due to non-observance of the correct irrigation regime. If there are fears that it will not be possible to protect the culture from suppuration, it is necessary to put charcoal in the soil before planting. The following problems usually arise for beginners:

1. Brown spots on the shoots and leaves. This is a sign of infection with the botrytis fungus. It provokes decay of foliage. To cure the plant, you need to cut off the leaves with a defect, reduce watering, and even better - leave the soil in a dry state for several days. After that, the fungicide solution should be added to the substrate. This could be the "Maxim" remedy.
2. Brown spots with an unpleasant odor. The causative agent of another group is to blame here. This is the erwinia bacterium. To get rid of it, you should remove the damaged areas of the plant, reduce the frequency of watering and treat the flower with a solution of potassium permanganate. For prevention, a succulent must be periodically examined. It is especially important to look at the leaves, including their lower areas.
3. Plaque of green or red. It can be penigillosis or aspergillosis. The causative agent of both diseases is a fungus. To combat it, the affected leaves are treated with an alkaline solution, for example, with the addition of soda, or potassium permanganate mixed with water.
4. Foliage burns. They occur if the plant is left on the southern windowsill in direct sunlight. It is especially dangerous to do this during or immediately after hibernation. Also, an unfavorable period for sunbathing is the moment after the direct purchase in the store. The plant must gradually get used to new conditions, as well as to the bright rays of the sun.

They advise doing this procedure because sometimes the substrate is infected with nematoses. They are capable of causing a lot of harm to the plant, therefore, in order to prevent, it is necessary to get rid of the soil of questionable quality. On the other hand, if there is no doubt about the qualifications of the flower shop employees and their conscientious attitude towards their work, you can do without such a procedure.

How to use coconut substrate?

Few people know how to properly use this product and plant plants in it. If you have chosen a substrate in the form of briquettes, they must first be soaked. This is done simply: the material is placed in a deep container and filled with warm or hot water. In the process of work, as it is absorbed, the liquid is gradually added.

The substrate will begin to grow in size and disintegrate. From a briquette weighing 1 kilogram, you will get about 6 kilograms of soil, ready for planting. Some experts advise, after swelling, to rinse the product with running water at high temperature. For this, the substrate is enveloped with gauze; nylon products can also be used.

The moistened substrate is sent to a container, at the bottom of which a drain is laid, after which a plant is planted in it. Then the mixture must be fertilized.Formulations with nitrogen content are best suited for this. They also use special complex formulations intended for plants of various varieties.

What is the soil for succulents

Succulents are slow growing. Most of them add no more than 10 mm per year. Their roots are usually small, and the leaves and stems are dense enough to retain a lot of moisture.

What can and should be added to the soil

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When composing soil for succulents, it is necessary to take into account the following requirements:

• good drainage;
• high aeration;
• fast drying;
• porosity and looseness;
• dry top layer.

The composition of the soil for indoor succulent should include several layers:

Since brick is inherently fired clay, adding it to the soil for succulents has the benefit of removing excess moisture from the ground. It is recommended to add crushed charcoal to almost all mixtures for planting so that it makes up about a tenth of the total volume of prepared soil.

All potting soil ingredients prepared for the succulent must be pre-disinfected. Without such additional treatment, there is a possibility of introducing pathogens.

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To do this, carry out the following work with drainage:

• the prepared material is washed;
• keep for several hours in a weak solution of potassium permanganate;
• dried in the oven.

The earth and sand, which will be used as soil for succulents, are also processed: they are calcined in the oven for at least an hour.

What should not be added to the soil and why

Not all types of succulents respond in the same way to the occurrence of certain components. But it's best to play it safe and use simple general recommendations.

The benefits and harms of peat

When choosing purchased soil for succulents, you should study its composition. You can not use a mixture for growing succulents that contains a lot of peat, and even more so, it consists entirely of it. This can provoke root rot, since peat has the ability to accumulate moisture.

Soil acidity

The preferred soil for all succulents without exception is pH neutral. But there are also exceptions. For example, for aloe and cacti, this indicator is not decisive.

When organic is harmful

Organic fertilizers contain a lot of nitrogen. This can lead to oversaturation and, as a consequence, accelerated growth. At the same time, the succulent loses the elasticity of the trunk and leaves, which crack and become lethargic. The plant begins to ache and lose its decorative appearance.

Properly prepared soil for succulents with your own hands is one of the most important points when growing such plants. Taking into account the recommendations, and taking preventive measures, it is possible to grow ornamental plants at home, which will delight with their laconic beauty for many years.

Soil selection rules

It is necessary to figure out what kind of land is needed for adenium.

Existing soil options

Stores offer several suitable options.

The simplest is a commercially available flowering plant mixture. You can buy it in all shops that specialize in gardening goods. However, such a composition should not be used ready-made. As a rule, it is dense, does not pass air well enough and is not suitable for a succulent. It is improved by adding baking powder.

The second option is a soil mixture for succulents. The components and the pH level are optimal, however, the composition needs to be sterilized before transplanting adenium. The disadvantage of this soil is its expensive price and rarity, you cannot find it in every store, you may have to make an order.

Coconut substrate, pre-enriched, can also be used as a substrate for adenium transplant. Coco-soil is already disinfected, air permeable, has a suitable pH level.

Adenium thrives on coconut

Finally, it is permissible to transplant the succulent into deciduous-humus soil. They buy it or mix it with their own hands, adding baking powder and coconut substrate. Before you "populate" the succulent, the mixture must be sterilized.

Note! For adenium, the looseness of the soil is very important, so the introduction of baking powder is mandatory. It can be perlite, small pebbles, zeolite, crushed pumice.

The soil for adenium for planting outdoors may be poor in mineral components, but always loose. Therefore, before planting a seedling, the soil in the selected area must be improved by adding sand or perlite to it.

You can prepare the soil for adenium at home yourself. There are such composition options:

• Ready-made soil mixture for cacti, baking powder and river sand (proportion 5: 4: 1).
• Peat, garden soil, baking powder (5: 3: 2).

The earth dug under a linden or birch tree is best suited for a succulent.

Specificity of preparation

The specific composition of the soil for adenium depends on the climatic conditions in which the succulent will grow. If the planting of a succulent is carried out for its cultivation in an apartment, where it is always warm and light, then it is worth choosing a nutritious ready-made mixture, into which it is necessary to add a baking powder (proportion 1: 1).

Growing at a temperature of +22 .. + 25 degrees involves the use of such a composition: soil mixture for succulents with coconut substrate and baking powder (ratio 1: 1: 1). Charcoal must be added to such soil.

If, after transplanting, the plant will be at temperatures up to +20 degrees and lack light, then it is better to make a choice in favor of poor soil, which, nevertheless, should allow air to pass through well.

A well-composed mixture is the key to a beautiful flowering succulent

How to deal with the old land

After transplanting the plant, there will be soil that cannot be used for indoor plants. Even those growers who defended the water before watering, still could not protect the plant from a slight ingress of chlorine and lime. Gradually, they accumulated in the soil, making it unfavorable for "green pets". In addition, the old substrate inevitably contains bacteria and fungi that can be detrimental to flowers.

That is why it is recommended to throw away the old soil after transplanting. If you are very sorry to part with him, you can add him to the street flower bed, but he will not bring much benefit there.

If you choose the right soil, then the succulent adenium will delight its owner with amazingly beautiful flowering

This unpretentious plant does not require any special knowledge, but it is important that the soil is light and loose.

Succulent care

Pot

The pot should be such that water does not collect around the roots of the plant.

Excessive moisture will cause the roots of the plant to rot and the entire plant will ache.

Pots should have drainage holes to allow good airflow to allow the soil to dry easily.

The best pot for these plants is a clay pot that is not covered with glaze.

If you have a plastic pot, you will need to make additional holes in the sides or bottom to remove excess moisture.

Temperature

Most of the time, the temperatures in our homes are suitable for growing succulents.

They tolerate the heat of summer and the freshness of winter well.

In winter, they are able to withstand temperatures of 5 to 10 ° C.

In some succulents, low temperatures stimulate flowering, which occurs in spring or summer.

Irrigation

Excessive irrigation can be detrimental to these plants and is one of the most common maintenance mistakes.

When watering, you should not wet the leaves, you need to water the substrate and water it when the soil is already dry.

If you want to wipe down the plant, you can spray the leaves with water, but wipe them down immediately with a cloth.

This plant really likes it when its roots are watered.

In winter, it is recommended to water them once every 14 days.

In the summer, one watering every 7 days will be enough.

These plants are able to absorb moisture from the environment and retain it in their leaves, stems and roots.

Using this ability, succulents can be used in an original way for interior decoration, for example, hanging in the air with practically no substrate.

Light

Succulents need a lot of light, at least 6 hours, but they do not need to be placed in direct sunlight, especially in summer, because they need to conserve water supplies for as long as possible, and dehydration will begin to occur in the sun.

If the leaves have begun to turn red and brown, it means the plant is suffering from excessive sun exposure and is starting to dry out.

If the leaves turn pale, this means that the process of photosynthesis is not taking place and the plant needs more light.

Another sign that they don't have enough light is that the leaves begin to stretch out and stretch towards the sun.

In the warm season, it is very useful to take plants outside, this will help them to be healthier.

Soil and drainage

This type of plant grows on trees and rocky areas, so there is no need to use the land rich in minerals.

The substrate is best brought back to the natural conditions in which this plant grows, which is desert and semi-arid areas.

Succulents need good drainage to prevent waterlogging due to excessive water, gravel can be used as drainage.

If the succulent plant ends up in a swampy environment, parts of the plant will become soft and eventually die.

Do not place the saucer under the pot so that the plant does not absorb excess water, but if you do, drain the water from it so that it does not stagnate.

You can prepare the substrate yourself, here are two recipes:

• 1 part soil, 1 part sand and 1 part moss.
• Mix equal parts all-purpose substrate and sand.

The soil in which the plants will be located should not have roots from other plants and should be loose.

Transfer

Succulents are transplanted to stimulate their growth, to freshen up the substrate, to trim off dead and rotten roots.

When transplanting the pot, it is advisable to take a little more than the previous one so that the plant can grow.

It is important that there are holes at the bottom so that the water can drain. It is advisable to use terracotta pots that are porous and do not retain moisture

It is advisable to use terracotta pots that are porous and do not retain moisture.

Pests and diseases

Root rot and stem rot caused by various fungi are the most common diseases.

To prevent them, keep the soil dry and well ventilated.

If the plant is kept in good conditions, then the pests are unlikely to disturb it.

If the soil is too wet, mosquitoes will begin to gather around this plant.

Therefore, to prevent mosquitoes from harming your succulent, just keep the soil dry and ensure good drainage.

Another pest is the cotton mealy bug.

To get rid of this insect, apply alcohol to the plant, but at the same time, the plant should not be in direct sunlight.

How to care for succulents in winter

Succulents are very thermophilic plants and they do not tolerate cold air and frost.

Therefore, during the winter months they need to be removed from the draft, place them where they receive a lot of natural light through the window.

Interior use

Most people who want to see growing greens at home without spending too much time and effort acquire literally one or two small succulents in separate small pots that decorate the room, rather symbolically - an inattentive person may not even notice such an interior detail.

At the same time, there is an opposite approach: the so-called "cactusists" are able to make their apartment with succulents so densely that the installation of them automatically becomes the central element of the interior of the house. Some examples show that real works of art can be created from these indoor plants.

Succulents as a material for creativity are good for the reason that, despite the general similarity with each other, they are still able to differ - in size, shape, and shades. Their owner may be extremely far from drawing up full-fledged pictures or complex compositions, but the geometric correctness of the arrangement of individual pots is already capable of creating a positive impression. In the photo, we see how small differences in the appearance of each of the rows can please the eye.

At the same time, some succulents, even not blooming at a particular moment, outwardly slightly resemble classic flowers. Having correctly planted them in a cramped pot so that the soil is not visible, you can create a kind of bouquet, which will have a huge advantage over the present - it will not wither in a week or a month.

A popular solution is the so-called florarium. In appearance, it somewhat resembles an aquarium or a terrarium, since in fact it is a transparent pot, in which the soil level does not even reach half, and the plants themselves remain entirely inside, as it were, without protruding outward. The task of the person creating the composition for the florarium is to try to create a "piece of natural nature", although in fact the species he has chosen may not even grow on the same continent.

The florarium in most cases still imitates an abundance of greenery, but the association with the south is not necessarily dense thickets. All these cacti and agaves often grow in a desert area, where there is practically nothing but them, and there is only sand, but it still reminds of a hot summer and creates a unique flavor of the south. To convey a typical desert picture, you can use the same succulents, carefully selected and planted on clean sand with the addition of shells to enhance the impression. If you still doubt that it can look attractive, take a look at the composition in the photo.

Typically, green collections occupy horizontal areas in the room, but some "cactusists" prefer to collect entire wall panels. It should be noted that this is a rather difficult task, since succulents occupy a central position in it, but they are not the only detail - at least you also need to spend money on some shelves and pots that will hold the greens in weight, or try to make them yourself.

Having built a structure similar to that shown in the example below, you will almost certainly achieve one hundred percent uniqueness of the interior of your home, which today is considered an indicator of good taste.It will be doubly pleasant also because this is not a thing made by someone else's hands, bought for a lot of money, but a personal creation.

In the photo from the panel, it is noticeable that it is divided into several fragments - this is necessary at least in order to keep the ground in an upright position. If you use this approach, then each individual frame can be an independent decoration for the room, as if creating a picture. Of course, it will be difficult to collect a well-recognized image from succulents, therefore, most likely, you will have to limit yourself to abstract subjects, but then the brightness of the shades will be even better than if you used the brightest colors, since such a picture will have a very natural three-dimensional effect.

For the best succulents for beginners, see the next video.

Landing features

Seeds are planted into the prepared soil from the envelope, as if in a thin stream. When you have covered them with a protective earth layer, the soil should be watered. After the first disembarkation, it is easier to do this with a spray bottle, in which there is clean warm water. Do not overuse water - it is only needed to create a greenhouse effect. The home greenhouse can then be closed.

What makes growing in a greenhouse convenient is that it saves more seeds than growing outdoors. It is only necessary to remove the greenhouse cover if the sprouts are clearly visible from the ground. Do not remove the lid until they grow to 1–2 cm.

Seed germination will happen only after a few months of abundant watering. Therefore, be patient - it deserves it: exotic plants look good on the windowsill, and on the shelves, and on the coffee table, etc.

Landing rules:

• in the greenhouse, try to maintain the optimal temperature - 20-30 plus degrees during the day and at least 18 at night;
• protect the seeds from drafts - they can be destructive;
• some external factors, including the sun's rays, are bad for young sprouts, so they should not fall on them;
• it is not worth keeping the greenhouse on the windowsill, but on the table in a room with good lighting it really belongs;
• watering succulents involves regularity in order to avoid drying out the soil;
• stagnation of moisture is also not good for plants.

This method of sowing is not the only one - the "bag method" has also become widespread.

"Pouch method"

Its essence is in the room of a flowerpot with moistened soil and sown seeds in a plastic bag. Why does it help? Seedlings love a humid environment and on a hot day in dry climates without this humidity can quickly die. In the package, they can be from several days to several weeks.

Better, of course, to use the new package. If you are using an old one, rinse it thoroughly in soapy water. For sterility of the soil, it is calcined for two hours at a temperature of 120 degrees. In the meantime, the soil is "baked", boil the water. After the soil is ready, pour it into a pot, moisten it through a pan with cooled boiled water.

After that, seeds are poured onto the ground, the whole soil is treated with a fungicide (but this is not necessary). The pots are put in bags, and those in a place with good lighting for the day. It can be natural light, but not direct sunlight, or fluorescent lamps.

Attention: watching the succulent family grow is not only interesting, but also useful. You may find that some seeds are guided by the roots rather than buried in the ground.

In this situation, it makes sense to use a toothpick: make a hole for the root with it, and then take the seedling and gently poke its root into the hole.

When the time comes to take the seedlings out of the bag, do it smoothly. For the first few days, open the bag for a short time so that the seedlings adapt to a different microclimate, not as humid as in the bag.Subsequently, you will take care of the succulents: you have to spray the seedlings every day (you can also every other day).

Not so soon you will be able to make sure how the grown succulents look like - give them time. It is not for nothing that flower growers note the unusual texture of these plants, the gorgeous color palette (watercolors will appreciate it), and also the outstanding artistic plasticity that helps to create interesting interior compositions. Coloring and easy care are the advantages of succulents. They can be grown not only on a horizontal surface - more and more often craftsmen make panels with them.

Many growers love succulents. They are versatile and carry the beauty of pristine nature. In addition, they make excellent flower arrangements that will last more than one year and do not require special care. The main thing is to provide the plant with good drainage, a small amount of moisture and protect it from frost.

But there is one unpleasant thing. Sometimes, it is difficult to find the right varieties at an affordable price. The most unusual varieties come from Asia and usually come to us in a terrible state. Therefore, growing these flowers from seeds is the best way to propagate rare varieties. We have prepared a small guide to growing succulents from seeds and posted it below. Read on.

What kind of soil is needed for these representatives of succulents?

Universal soil is not suitable for cacti. First of all, the soil must be fertile. In flower shops you can buy ready-made bio-soil intended for growing cacti.

Important! Any ready-made mixture requires the addition of additional components. The land for desert and forest cacti doesn't have to be the same.

Soil requirements

1. The land must be loose, not too clayey, but also not very loose for forest species. Desert cacti grow well in clayey lumpy soil.
2. It is advisable to use black nutrient soil (not black soil) with a small amount of fertilizer, since cacti do not need growth stimulants.
3. The earth must have good air and moisture permeability.
4. It is preferable to use slightly acidic soil with a pH level of 4.5 - 6.
5. The amount of land should be such that the roots can grow 2-3 times.

Soil composition

Important! All components must be sterilized before preparing the primer.

For desert species, a soil consisting of sod and leafy soil, peat and coarse sand is suitable. All components are taken in equal proportions.

Cacti, whose natural habitat is flat terrain, prefer to grow in a soil mixture, which includes the following components:

• turf land (two parts);
• leafy land;
• humus;
• peat;
• coarse sand (one part at a time).

Cacti of the Cereus family need more fertile soil, including sod and leafy soil, peat, taken in the same amount, and 1/4 of humus.
For specimens with large thorns, lime must be added.
For less whimsical cacti, you can use ready-made soil by adding coarse sand and gravel (2: 1) to it.
Attention! To provide the soil with additional looseness, you can add broken brick, small pebbles, vermiculite or crushed stone, which are chosen taking into account the age and size of the plant.

Despite the variety of soil, the approximate composition should be as follows:

• leafy land;
• clay-sod land;
• greenhouse land;
• coarse river sand;
• charcoal;
• crushed brick (or other loosening component);
• burnt clay.

In the soil for cacti, the roots of which are prone to rotting (ariocarpus, strombocactus, etc.), stones must be added so that the water does not stagnate in the pot.

Characterization of the substrate

The amount of fertilizer depends on the selected plant:

• A high nitrogen content is contraindicated in cacti.
• Species with large thorns require more calcium than other species, so it is advisable to add crushed eggshells to the soil.

Reference! The acidity of the soil can be regulated by adding granular superphosphate, sour peat (lowering the pH), granite or marble chips, fluff lime, dolomite flour (raising the pH) to the soil.

Preparatory work

Selecting a container for sowing

The unpretentiousness of succulents is visible even in where the seeds are planted for germination. These plants do not need special pots made of heat-resistant materials. For proper cultivation, you will need not too deep (side height approximately 5 cm) plastic containers. At the bottom, holes are needed for excess moisture so that the seeds do not rot. If the manufacturer did not provide for them, make the holes yourself. The hole diameter should be between 3 and 5 mm.

Since succulents are exotic plants that love warmth, the container must be covered with a transparent lid on top to create a humid and hot atmosphere inside. As a last resort, you can also use plastic wrap.

You can also plant succulents in ready-made mini-greenhouses, which are sold in special stores, including those brought from China.

Selection and preparation of soil

No less important in breeding is the soil in which the seeds will germinate. Land for succulents does not need to be ordered from abroad

Ready-made mixtures are sold in stores, you just have to pay attention to a few nuances:

1. Succulents grow in difficult conditions, so for the plant to adapt to the new environment more quickly, it is better to use coarse soil, such as a mixture of soil with sand or fine gravel. Some gardeners recommend adding crushed coal to this composition.
2. It is imperative to take a ready-made substrate for planting plants. The soil and sand from under the entrance are not suitable for breeding succulents. In special stores, the soil is not just poured into bags, it is also treated and disinfected before that.
3. If there is no special store nearby, then you can purchase a regular peat filler, and add sand and other minerals to it yourself.

Seed preparation

Preparation for sowing is the most difficult and painstaking stage in the breeding of succulents. Small seeds are very similar to each other, so it is easy to confuse them, and different types of plants require different soil and watering frequency.

Preparation for germination begins with selection. It is necessary to spread the seeds on a white sheet of paper and select dried or rotten ones. After that, all the seeds are divided into groups and tags are created for them, which will be attached to the pot after sowing.

It is absolutely impossible to disinfect seeds. This will kill the protective layer.

Is it possible to grow succulents in coconut substrate

An interesting topic. The most common answer: cacti are almost indifferent to what to keep, if you can choose the right watering for the substrate. Coconut flakes are no exception, and it is quite possible to grow cacti in it. Actually, the "Dutch" technology is an example of this. This is a typical type of hydroponic crop, when the plants are kept in a neutral substrate, and watering is carried out with a fertilizer solution. Coconut shavings are a fairly moisture-absorbing and stable substrate for some time.

But - sooner or later it will need to be replaced, and here the dancing will begin with its separation from the roots. Whoever transplanted the "Dutch" knows what it is: when it is easier to cut off the cork of roots and fibers than to unravel it. Therefore, in practice, coconut flakes are not the most convenient substrate, at least for cacti. For a landless crop, it is better to use something else. That is, formally, the store does not seem to be lying, but in fact I think that this is just a desire to sell shavings, nothing more.

I have peyreskiopsis growing in coconut flakes for almost a year. I bought a briquette (the instructions say that its volume is 20 liters in a soaked state), while I used only about 1/3 of it. For myself, I concluded that for them the very thing you need It (coconut flakes) remains moist for a long time, according to observations, the roots develop well in it.

Bottles with them (peireskiopsis) dried out several times due to an oversight, but nothing, watered, water is absorbed into it normally. Compared to peat substrates, coconut flakes are earth and sky.

Once I planted one bottle (it became crowded for the plants) - it was so easy to pull the plants out of the substrate by the stem, the roots were separated from it quite easily.

But how coconut chips can behave as a substrate for other cacti (in pure form or mixed with other components), I do not know.

I would definitely not keep cacti with turnips in it (but this is my purely subjective opinion).

What plants is coconut substrate suitable for?

For lovers of astrophytums, cacti, aloe, and other succulents, coconut substrate is useful as a loosening additive to the base soil. Those who grow arrowroot plants can only use it to fill flower pots. Cuttings of many fastidious plants are rooted in the coconut substrate:

The list goes on, as coconut flakes are ideal for almost all moisture-loving flowers native to the tropics.

What else is important: what to look for when choosing a lamp for indoor plants?

DIY hydroponics for growing strawberries: how to make and the advantages of the method.

Those who have already tried coconut substrate on their plants leave only positive reviews:

I successfully use coconut briquettes. I am preparing a soil mixture on its basis for ficuses and decorative deciduous plants. I take 1 part of ordinary potting soil for indoor flowers, 1 part of shavings, add perlite. The mixture turns out to be airy, my plants like it, everything looks great. I rarely water, but abundantly. Due to perlite, moisture is distributed evenly throughout the soil and lasts for a long time.

Valentine:

Growing flower seedlings became much easier after I caught my eye with coconut pills. I buy them in many different sizes. I use tablets not only for growing flowers, I also prefer to sow vegetable seeds in them. Previously, I had to spend time preparing the soil: warm it up, spill it with a solution of potassium permanganate. Now I lay out the tablets in containers, fill them with water and that's it, after 30 minutes you can lay out the seeds.

I read on the forums a lot of complaints about coconut briquettes. I disagree with them. A bad result happens when you buy a product from a bad manufacturer. I am lucky, I buy high-quality coco-soil, I grow seedlings of lobelia, petunia. I grow vegetable seedlings, mixing with ordinary soil 1: 1.

How to use coconut substrate for seedlings and indoor plants in detail in the video: