Definition and classification
The classification of heart failure can be based on several different criteria.
• Sharp;
• chronic.
Acute heart failure is characterized by the rapid development and increasing severity of hemodynamic disorders. It can lead to the death of a patient in a very short time (from a few minutes to several hours).
Chronic heart failure usually develops over many years and is characterized by a change in periods of exacerbation and periods of compensation.
• with a reduced minute volume of the heart - in most cases, I heart failure is accompanied by a decrease in the minute volume of the heart, due to a violation of the contractile activity of the left or right ventricles;
• with an increased minute volume of the heart - in case of certain diseases (thyrotoxicosis or “beriberi” disease), chronic heart failure, despite a decrease in the contractile function of the myocardium, is characterized by an increase in the minute volume of the heart due to sinus tachycardia. It should be noted that this type of insufficiency has a more unfavorable course, since in this case the energy resources of the myocardium are depleted very rapidly.
- left ventricular;
- right ventricular;
- total (both ventricles of the heart are in a state of failure).
IV. According to the etiopathogenetic principle:
- myocardial heart failure, which develops as a result of direct damage to the heart muscle (for example, with myocardial infarction, cardiomyopathies, myocarditis, etc.); overload heart failure - in this case, the pathological process is caused by a chronic significant increase in the hemodynamic load, which exceeds the ability of the corresponding part of the heart to overcome it (with arterial hypertension, heart defects);
- mixed form - develops, as a rule, in the later stages of congestive heart failure, when as a result of prolonged hemodynamic load myocardial damage occurs. However, the overload also persists.
Heart failure (HF) is a typical form of pathology of the cardiovascular system, characterized by the fact that the pumping function of the heart does not provide a level of systemic hemodynamics adequate to the metabolic needs of the body or maintains it due to the implementation of preexisting and / or newly formed compensatory mechanisms of the body.
Houseplants grown from seeds
In theory, all plants capable of flowering can be planted with seeds, but the technique of such breeding is sometimes so laborious that it is not worth wasting time and experiencing failure. We will give you a list of indoor plants, the cultivation of which with seeds at home will not cause much difficulty. These include: abutilone, asparagus, balsam, dracaena, crossandra, pelargonium, shefflera.
Plants with a long wait for seed germination include the following species: brovallia, washingtonia, nolina, cyclamen of various subspecies and some varieties of palm trees. The mistake of inexperienced growers is the opinion that the seeds do not germinate, and they stop waiting for sprouts.
Note that certain types of indoor flora make increased demands on seed freshness. For this reason, it is better not to deal with expired seeds at all. Such capricious as adenium, gardenia, coffee tree and murraya - this applies first of all. And seed material from bougainvillea, cacti, myrtle and fuchsia is almost impossible to obtain.
Sowing seeds
When planting seeds, the sowing depth is very important - the germination of seeds depends on it. The sowing depth will depend on the size of the seeds themselves. If the seed is more than 2 mm in diameter, the seed diameter must be multiplied by two to calculate the sowing depth. Moreover, if the soil is heavy, then the depth can be slightly reduced, and if the soil is light, it can be slightly increased.
Small seeds, up to 2 mm in diameter, do not need to be covered with soil at all. On the contrary, some plants germinate in light, these are pelargoniums and petunias.
Very small seeds of indoor flowers for sowing are mixed with sand. You can also mix these seeds with lighthouse crops such as radishes. Radish sprout in 4-5 days, and clearly delineate the rows of flowers. When the flowers begin to sprout, the radishes must be removed from the rows.
Several plants you can grow at home from seeds
Adenium - is a prominent representative of the kutrov family. This succulent has a strong trunk, at home it grows up to 50 cm. Having created favorable conditions for the seeds of adenium, they will give good shoots. To create the right conditions, you need to constantly warm up the sown seeds. The temperature of the soil with seeds should be kept around 25-29 degrees. Seeds of adenium have a delicate brownish color and look like small straws. This indoor flower will delight flower growers with its rapid growth. Plumeria. Plumeria is a tropical plant with amazing beauty and pleasant aroma. It is possible to grow plumeria at home from seeds only if the seeds are properly planted and then properly cared for. Plumeria grows quite tall, at home it can reach 2 meters. This plant is best grown in conservatories and greenhouses. Plumeria seeds germinate well under the same conditions as adenium seeds. Date fruit. The date is easy to grow at home from its own seeds. But here you need to remember that you cannot wait for fruits from such a plant. The date is a large palm tree, but it grows well both at home and in the office or greenhouse. Date seeds germinate quickly, the first shoots may appear within a week. Passionflower. Passionflower is a vine that is also easy to grow at home. To grow passionflower from seeds, you need to properly prepare the soil: mix peat, humus and leafy soil, ignite this mixture in the oven for 10 minutes and let it cool
It is also important that the seeds are fresh - the germination percentage will be higher. Pelargonium
Pelargonium is a perennial flower of the geranium family. Even a beginner can grow this plant, observing the basic requirements of sowing and subsequent care. Seeds for sowing are easy to buy at a regular gardening store, and you can choose varietal pelargonium.
Growing houseplants from seeds is a very interesting activity, especially since the seeds are freely available today. You can easily buy them in a store or order indoor flower seeds by mail. Cultivation itself may be a bit of a hassle, but experimenting with new plants is fun.
How to grow anthurium from seeds?
With all the advantages of vegetative reproduction, these methods do not provide an opportunity to obtain mass seedlings. An adult anthurium bush when dividing can give no more than 5-6 young plants, a little more seedlings are obtained by cuttings.
However, the use of this method is associated with a number of difficulties and risks. For example, hybrid plants, which represent the majority on the modern flower market, do not always retain recognizable traits and properties. In addition, when planning to grow anthurium from seeds, the florist should know that the flowers will have to be pollinated artificially.
If you look at the anthurium inflorescence, you will notice that the ear consists of tiny bisexual flowers that bloom gradually from below, in the direction of the peduncle.First, the pistils ripen, and only after 20–25 days does pollen appear, that is, the male stage of flowering begins.
But at home, the owner of the plant will have to take on this role. To do this, you need to stock up on a thin soft brush, choose a sunny day and, taking pollen from one inflorescence, pollinate another ear with it. To increase the likelihood of fruit production, the inflorescences need to be pollinated within 5–8 days.
Depending on the cultivated species, anthurium in place of one inflorescence can tie from two to several dozen berries. Ripening lasts 8-12 months, while ripe fruits have different shapes, colors and sizes. You can find out that the anthurium berry has ripened by the fact that it has become noticeably more convex and poured. Sometimes juicy berries practically hang from the cob, holding on to a thin threadlike stalk.
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The number of seeds inside the fruit also fluctuates. As you can see in the photo, the seeds of anthurium are not very large, and since their germination rate decreases extremely quickly, it will not be possible to save the seed for future use.
To prepare seeds for planting:
- ripe fruits are kneaded;
- the seed is removed from the pulp and washed;
- the grains are treated with a 0.1% solution of potassium permanganate.
This measure is necessary, since anthurium seeds are not quickly dried before sowing, and they are threatened with decay and the formation of mold.
It is best to sow in flat containers with a small layer:
- light structured soil mixed with perlite or vermiculite;
- perlite or sphagnum moss.
The seeds are laid out on a damp surface, easily pressing into the substrate, but not sprinkled. The container with crops should be covered with a lid, glass or foil, after which it is left at a temperature of 22 to 25 ° C.
After 1.5–2 weeks, the first shoots can be expected to appear, and their quality and speed of formation largely depends on the degree of maturity of the collected seeds and the conditions created for growth. Before growing anthurium from seeds, the grower will have to accumulate patience and know in advance that this is the longest and most laborious way of plant propagation.
Seedlings can be dived after the opening of the first true leaf, and tiny plants are transplanted into new containers with a soil mixture similar to "adult" soil, but only with smaller fractions. As the rosettes of anthurium grown from seeds develop, it is regularly transplanted, gradually increasing the distance between the plants.
Anthurium can be transferred to separate pots with a volume of 100-200 ml when the size of the rosette reaches 5-7 cm.
As in the case of adult plants, the seedlings are transferred to a new container when the root system fully assimilates the volume allotted to it. If you initially plant anthurium in spacious containers, the plant develops more slowly, and the risk of soil acidification due to waterlogging also sharply increases.
Despite the large number of plants obtained by seed propagation, their flowering does not always fully satisfy the needs of the grower. This is because most of the blooming anthurium varieties sold today are hybrids.
The offspring of such plants, obtained from anthurium seeds, can be strikingly different from the parental specimens. This applies not only to the size of the rosette and the height of the plant. Most often, indoor plant lovers are disappointed that anthurium flowers do not resemble the previous generation either in appearance or in color of the bracts.
Therefore, seed propagation is suitable only for varietal plants, and it is better to propagate hybrids in an accessible vegetative way.
Where and how to sow seeds
To germinate seeds, you need to take light, but nutritious soil. A mixture of peat and coarse sand is best. You can buy a special seedling mixture that is sold in specialized stores.
The container must first be taken wide enough (so that several seeds fit at a distance of 5-6 cm from each other) and shallow (so as not to pour excess soil).
The planting depth depends on the size of the seeds. The shallower, the less it needs to be buried in the ground. And the smallest (for example, gloxinia seeds) can simply be spread over the ground and sprinkled well with water or lightly sprinkled with earth with a layer of 1-2 mm. Large seeds need to be buried 1-1.5 cm.
Before spreading the seeds, the soil mixture must be well watered. If this is done after sowing, the seeds may float and settle erratically.
After planting, you need to arrange a greenhouse for the seeds. For example, I sow the material in regular resealable food containers, close the lid - and this is how the greenhouse turns out. But other boxes or flowerpots can simply be covered with a plastic bag.
We are waiting for the shoots of indoor flowers
Until the seeds germinate and the first shoots appear, the soil cannot be watered, you can only spray abundantly. Sometimes you can arrange ventilation and remove excess condensation (drops of evaporated moisture) from the lid or bag.
When the sprouts become more than 5mm, remove the lid or bag. Now you need to gradually accustom the sprouts to light, placing them closer to the sun, first for a while, and then constantly, from time to time turning the containers so that one or the other side of the sprout is turned toward the light.
The sprouts that have grown up to 5 cm can be dived, although it is best to dive 2-3 times. You will need a separate pot for each sprout. Take a regular plastic cup or cut plastic bottle first, and then gradually increase the size of the container. But even a well-stretched sprout should not be planted in a permanent large pot, its size should increase as the seedling grows. The next transplant can be done in six months, and some flowers grow well in small pots and need to be transplanted only once a year with a gradual increase in the volume of the flowerpot.
Another version of how to grow an indoor flower from seedsRead ...
Indoor plants - trees
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Proven ways to breed indoor plants from seeds at home
The whole process of seed reproduction of indoor plants is divided into several steps: selection and storage in optimal conditions, preparatory processing of seed material, selection of soil and capacity, sowing time, sowing prepared seeds, correct care of sowing and seedlings. We will tell you all the technology in the steps indicated:
It is immediately necessary to determine the place of their future growth: on the windowsill or in the open ground of the front garden. If open ground is to be planted, first of all, climatic conditions, hybrid properties and a correct seeding plan should be taken into account. It's easier with houseplants, but there are also certain rules:
Let's start with a manufacturer and even a seller you can trust because of their positive reputation. Reviews of flower growers on suitable forums will help to make sure of this. It is known from practice that a Russian manufacturer can be trusted - here they treat quality more responsibly than, for example, their Chinese counterparts, from whom you can get either not what you ordered, or an empty bag
The inexperienced are attracted by the low price, for which there is a high probability of disappointment.
it is very important to initially think over the growing conditions and growth volume of the houseplant you have chosen. If, for example, it is intended for a small room, then palm seeds and some varieties of hibiscus should not be purchased;
for window sills of the northern side, it is better to stop the choice on shade-tolerant representatives of indoor plants, which is certainly indicated in their vegetative characteristics, which can be found on Wikipedia;
the determining conditions for growing a full-fledged indoor plant are, in addition to the area of the room, its seasonal temperature and humidity;
you should not purchase seeds of indoor plants for future use, because it is rather difficult to store them correctly and protect them from mold
The storage area should be dry, cool and dark;
Follow-up care
After transplanting the plants into individual containers, waiting for the first flowering begins. Perennial flowers grown from seeds bloom later than vegetatively propagated ones. Sometimes the first flowering will have to wait 3-4 years.
In the first year of growing, the plant needs to be regularly watered, loosened and fed at least twice. In early summer, flowers need to be fed with a humate-based fertilizer, and potash fertilizers will be required by winter. Intermediate fertilizing can be carried out with special fertilizers for a specific plant species.
By winter, watering will reduce and reduce the amount of sunlight. With the onset of spring, plants will need more light; a special lamp will help provide additional lighting. Today you can buy a specialized phytolamp with red-blue light for additional plant growth stimulation. Nfre. phytolamp needs to be turned on for only 1-2 hours a day. In summer, flowers can be taken out on a balcony or loggia for air and sun baths.
Which crops are best planted with seeds - choose from among many
You can sow almost all indoor flowers, but some of them take root perfectly by layering, dividing, even just torn off leaves can form a root system. Therefore, in order not to sort out all existing plant species, we will selectively consider several of those that reproduce exclusively by seeds. These, for example, include the Persian cyclamen. Actually, it can also be planted with bulbs that originate at the base of the stem in the root system, but they do not always sprout, since they are very capricious to the state of the soil. The seeds of this plant are formed in a small box, from which it is convenient to extract them.
Cyclamen persian
The ever-flowering begonia is very popular among flower growers, which, in fact, at room temperature and in a constant microclimate of the room, can bloom all year round. You can plant it with cuttings, but if you are not sure that such planting material is viable, it is better to use sowing. At the same time, there are quite a few different varieties, the smallest of which give bushes no more than 8 centimeters high, crowned with caps of rather large inflorescences, and the tallest grow up to 35 centimeters. It should be remembered that begonia seeds are extremely small, and therefore require special handling in preparation for sowing.
Schizanthus Feathered, which is also popularly known as the orchid of the poor, for its striking resemblance to this exotic flower, propagates exclusively by seeds. True, not all lovers of indoor crops may like the fact that schizanthus is an annual plant, which means that it requires an annual planting. However, if you pick up a pot for him spacious enough, you can expect the emergence of new shoots in the next season from self-seeding. This indoor culture is good because it is very affordable and, when sown on seedlings, gives a good percentage of shoots. At the same time, it is better to give preference to undersized varieties that grow up to 30 centimeters. And what should be taken care of in advance is high-quality soil, saturated with organic matter and mineral elements, as well as drip irrigation.
Waller's balsam, which usually propagates either by cuttings or seeds, will be an excellent option for landscaping a residential area. But the first method is far from suitable for all varieties, very often the plantings turn out to be unviable and quickly die when trying to root them in a new place.Therefore, you need to collect the boxes before they are opened for self-seeding, and dry the seeds for storage until next season. The seed can lie for quite a long time, but after 4 years only 50% of the seeds will germinate, so it is undesirable to delay planting them. Most balsam varieties are tall and only suitable for the garden, but there are a few hybrids that grow into small bushes with compact buds.
They look very nice on the windowsills of primrose, especially Soft and Chinese. These are rather unpretentious plants that reproduce exclusively by seeds, and at home it is first necessary to carry out artificial cross-pollination. Moreover, they grow even in the shade, which allows them to be hung in pots at some distance from the windows. The only condition that must be observed is that the soil must be frequently moistened, otherwise these plants will quickly die.
It is especially important to take this into account if the flowers will stand on the windowsill facing the sunny side of the house.
You should also decide on the basis of the speed of plant development, since some crops grow faster, others much slower. Of the above, the smallest time for growth is necessary for balsam, and the ficus familiar to many, indoor pomegranate, can also quickly stretch. Cyclamens develop rather slowly. Brovallia, kufeya can also be ranked as slow-growing ones. As for storing seeds, it is not recommended to delay for a long time with planting indoor hibiscus and adeniums, since after a short time most of their seeds lose their germination.
