Damask rose: description and cultivation

Landing

Damask roses grow well in the southern regions of Russia. But they can be grown in the middle lane, just choose a sunny place for this. This does not mean sunshine - the flowers will fade on it, and the leaves will get burned. Choose a location with shade during the day.

Eliminate the possibility of flooding by flood and groundwater. Plant roses in elevated places with a slight slope for water drainage.

The growth of flowers is influenced by the composition of the soil, its moisture and acidity. Roses like neutral or slightly acidic, well-drained loams. The composition of the earth is usually improved with sand, clay, silt, organic and mineral fertilizers.

Check soil moisture:

• there are areas that are very dry - no matter how much you water, the earth dries up all the time;
• they are very damp - even in the summer heat, the earth remains wet;
• and there are mixed ones - the top layer is dry, and under it is wet.

This must be taken into account when planting a plant.

The acidity of the soil affects the absorption of nutrients by the rose. Its meaning is not constant. The application of fertilizers, especially nitrogen fertilizers, changes this value. You can determine the acidity with a special device for gardeners - it costs 400 rubles. This is a stick with an indicator box: you stick the stick into the ground, and the indicator shows the value.

Dig a planting hole based on which seedling you purchased. Its roots should be freely located in the fossa. Prepare a mixture of turf and humus in equal proportions for filling the roots.

Then examine the seedling. Remove rotten roots. Shorten too long to 20-30 cm. Refresh the cuts. Soak the seedling in water for a couple of hours before planting. Cut the shoots to 3-4 buds.

Having spread the roots in the hole, they are poured with the prepared mixture. The vaccination site is deepened into the ground by three to five centimeters. Water abundantly. Consider soil settlement after watering.

Few facts from the history of roses

In the writings of ancient Roman historians, descriptions of roses are found more than once, and even then the beauty of this flower captivated many. Rational citizens of Ancient Rome mainly grew useful plants in gardens, but roses also found a place.

After the fall of the great power, roses were mainly cultivated by monks, and in this art they succeeded. It was the monastery gardens that were in the future taken as a model for many parks and gardens of the royal residences of Europe. A little later, varieties from the East appeared on the European continent, and at the beginning of the 19th century - roses from Asia.

The variety of plant species, shapes, color and aroma of buds, as well as a number of characteristics of roses is striking, and this was achieved thanks to selective selection, crossing. There are many classifications, and although all plants belong to the same genus Rosehip, the differences between them are quite significant. One of the most common classifications is the separation of roses according to the characteristics of garden signs. Also, the following characteristics can be selected as criteria:

• color of petals;
• number of petals;
• flower shape;
• leaf shape;
• aroma.

Roses are distinguished according to applied characteristics (among them, for example, potted, cut), according to the place of growth (in the wild, in gardens).

In 1976, the International Society of Gardeners approved a classification that took into account a whole range of biological and decorative characteristics of plants. It is she who is the main one, although adjustments are made to it every year (new varieties and hybrids appear constantly). In our review, the most popular classifications are given, methods of cultivating roses, recommendations for acquiring this culture are also given.

Watering

All roses, including Damascus, have a deep root system.Their roots are capable of extracting water from deep soil layers. Therefore, there is no need for frequent watering, but it should be abundant.

Watering should only be done when the topsoil under the bush is dry. Pour at least a bucket of water under the root, trying not to spray. No need to wet the leaves and flowers - the petals of damask roses do not tolerate rainwater well, and water droplets on the leaves can focus the sun's rays and the rose will get burned.

The water must be given time to settle and warm up. Choose morning or evening hours for watering.

Mulching the tree trunk circle will reduce the frequency of watering. The soil under the bush will stay moist longer. In addition, mulch inhibits the growth of weeds. Only add a thick layer of mulch, at least ten centimeters. It is good to use straw, compost, humus, but dry leaves, cut grass, sawdust are also suitable. The mulch layer should be renewed as it dries.

Consider the phase of the plant as well. In the active stage of growth and during flowering, the rose needs intensive watering. But in late summer and autumn, it is rarely watered. During this period, the rose does not need new shoots and buds - they will not have time to ripen before winter. Rose will waste her energy on them instead of preparing for the cold.

Rose in cosmetology

Varieties of black roses - descriptions and features

Black beauties Black Baccara, Barkarole, Black Magic, Black Tea, Black Beaty, Schwartz Madonna are incomparable with anything.

Rose CG Black Baccara

Rose CG Black Baccara

The fabulously beautiful Black Baccarat rose was bred in 2004 by the French breeding Meiland. This is a rose of incredible color and shape. The color is extremely close to black.

The black color is clearly expressed in the buds. Velvety flowers of maroon tide delight the eye in the warm season. But a rose grown in a hot period of time on soil with high acidity will be black. And with the arrival of the autumn cold, they become a bright black hue.

Small double flowers, the diameter of which is 9-10 cm, cup-shaped and sharpened at the tips of the petals.They have a subtle aroma. The green leaves have a slightly noticeable red tint. The bush reaches 80 cm in height. They have very few thorns, which is convenient when cutting. The rose is moderately resistant to disease. When landing, it is better to use the terrain in partial shade. There the rose blooms in a velvety black color.

Rose CG Barkarole

Rose CG Barkarole

The Barcarol rose variety is popular not only in Germany, where it is planted in huge tracts, but also in all countries. It was bred by the German Tantau breeders in 1988.

Grown in cool conditions, it grows to a height of 70 cm. In warm conditions, it grows even more. The buds are goblet-shaped with protruding petals in the center. Large double flowers. In cold conditions, the black color appears as much as possible. The stems are long and straight, which is very convenient for cutting. Blooms constantly throughout the season and fills the garden with pleasant aromas. The main enemy is powdery mildew. It retains its presentation for a long time in the cut.

Rose CG Black Magic

Rose CG Black Magic

The unique beauty of the hybrid tea group Black Magic (Black Magic), selection of Tantau, was grown in Germany in 1997. She was taken out for cutting. But she has won the title of garden queen on almost every continent. Dark buds appear almost black.

While blooming, the petals in the center of the flower are red, more dark crimson. The outer petals are black. Medium-sized flowers with gracefully curved petals. A vigorous upright bush has a bronze young growth. The foliage is dark green. It has a very strong resistance to various diseases.

In the Netherlands, the variety has become widespread in the domestic market of the country. Cut roses last up to two weeks.

Rose CG Black Tea

Rose ChG Black Tea

Coffee rose of the Black Tea variety or (Black Tea) was grown in 1973 by K. Okamoto. She is the most extraordinary rose. Deliciously shaped flowers have a scarlet color with a gray-brown tint. During flowering, it can change colors from coral gray to dark brown.

This type of rose is somewhat similar to the Smoky variety that was grown in 1973. But Black Tea flowers have a more attractive flower shape. Maybe not everyone likes this brown beauty, but looking closely, it's hard not to notice her strange magical beauty.

Rose CG Black Beauty (Black Beaty) Black Beauty

Rose CG Black Beauty (Black Beaty)

Another representative of the type of hybrid tea roses of the Delbar selection Black Beauty or Black Beauty was bred in 1973. It is considered the darkest rose in the world. The petals resembling velvet are dark red with a black tint. The flowers are small and 8-10 cm in diameter. Blooms continuously throughout the entire flowering period.

It has a strong and very pleasant aroma. The bush grows up to one meter in height. It is susceptible to fungal diseases and requires shelter in the cold season. Perfect for cutting.

But the darkest shade among hybrid tea roses is endowed with the Schwarz Madonna rose. It has large, matte red-black flowers. And it is worth a separate conversation.

Bulgarian rose oil

The higher the frequency of foods and ethers, the healthier the body becomes.

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Damascus rose bushes varieties

Varieties of roses, from which the antiquity and power, splendor of history blows. They arose as a result of an accidental mixing of varieties from Finland and Galia. The main difference between the Damascus varieties is that they bloom the very last of all the roses in the rosalia. They also differ in the nature of the bush. They are characterized by: spreading, strength, straightness of branches with a huge presence of thorns. The height of one shoot is from one meter to two. In terms of color, there are varieties of several shades - from pure white to pretentious bright pink. It is possible to enjoy the beauty of such roses only 25 days and once a year. The fragrance of a delicate, subtle scent evokes passion, lust and peace. It loves this variety warmly, for the winter it must be covered with a warm covering material.

Isfahan is another name for the Pompon des Price variety. The aroma of this rose is so refined and graceful that it will conquer any woman. The stem length reaches 200 centimeters. A flower in diameter varies from 5.5 to 8.5 centimeters, the shape of the bud is square, the color is pink with a red tint. If planted in rosalia, it is used to decorate the back wall. Resistance to the disease is average.

Isfahan rose variety

York and Lancaster. Light pink shades of flowers with stripes of crimson tones are striking in their size. Six centimeters in diameter. A scent that stirs up the blood. Unfortunately, beauty doesn't last forever. This variety blooms for only a few days and only once a year. Of course, re-flowering is possible, but ideal conditions are needed for this. Slender bushes almost two meters high do not have strong resistance to disease, so careful care is needed, but you don't need to cover for the winter.

Rose variety York and Lancaster

"Cardinal de Richelieu". The celebrity of this variety is top notch. Sweet and spicy fragrance in a combination of velvet petals and large inflorescences up to 4 centimeters in radius. They delight many women on March 8th. The leaves of a deep green shrub with silvery shades perfectly complement the grace of the buds.

Rose variety cardinal de richelieu

"Super Toscani". Belongs to the famous and popular varieties of roses. It is characterized by large, massive, velvety inflorescences, with stamens, which are cast in gold. The length of the shoots is about one and a half meters. Rose growers should carefully look after the bush to protect it from powdery mildew.

Tuscany super rose variety

Cameo. Many people have heard about this breed of roses. Variegated, original and unusually beautiful buds of pink shades. The petals are arranged in such a way that they show the openness of the flower and complete trust in the person. From the middle of the inflorescence to the outer edges of the petals. Flowers look elegant and sophisticated.

Cameo rose varieties

Bel Isis. Surprises with the luxury of the color palette. Moreover, you will find only one main color - pink, but its shades are so deep that even in one bouquet you will not see the same rose.Isis can be identified by its unique fragrance, which resembles the scent of southern Myrrh.

Rose varieties Belle Isis

"Duches d'Angoulem". White stripes on dark pink buds. Angule is famous for this. The pink shade smoothly turns into virgin white.

Rose variety duchez d'angulem

Diseases and pests

All old roses are easily infected with fungal diseases and pests.

Of the pests, pink aphids, leafhoppers, spider mites are dangerous. They are destroyed by contact-systemic insecticides. For example, Aktara, Decis, Inta-Vir. Read more in the pest control guide.

Of the fungal diseases, powdery mildew and spotting are most often found. Specifically, you can read about these two diseases by following the links:

When you spot the first signs, take action rather than relying on soap and mustard. Remove the affected shoots and flowers, and treat the entire bush with a systemic fungicide, for example Tilit KE
... After two weeks, spray the bush with a biological fungicide such as Fitosporin or Alirin. Read about the principle of their work in the article on fungicides.

When processing bushes, adhere to the following rules:

1. Work is carried out in dry, calm weather.
2. If it rains immediately after spraying, wait until the bush dries up and repeat the treatment.
3. Treat with drugs in the evening. But so that the plant is already dry by night.
4. Apply the solution immediately after preparation; you do not need to store it.

Description

The classification divides the rose family into groups of modern and antique roses. Damascus belongs to the class of old garden roses, which originated from a hybrid species that appeared as a result of the crossing of Gallic and musk roses (Rosa gallica and Rosa moschata).

The plant is a perennial shrub up to 1.5 m high with long stems and large green leaves.
Terry flowers, rather large, up to 7 cm in diameter, can be of various shades - from cream to bright pink. Sometimes you can find varieties of white and very rarely - red. The thorns in different varieties also differ: they are reddish, rather impressive or small bristle-like. The shrub blooms for a long time, but most often once, in June-July, although remontant (re-flowering) species have already been bred. Red smooth fruits appear on the branches at the end of August.

This group of roses unites an unusually strong aroma, therefore this particular variety has been cultivated since ancient times to obtain rose oil and fragrant water.

Rosa gallica

Damask rose

Rosa moschata

Pink and red varieties of hybrid tea roses

Flamingo. The buds are long, pointed. The flowers are pale pink, resistant, goblet, very graceful, large (10-11 cm), double (25 petals), weakly fragrant, solitary, on long, strong peduncles. The leaves are dark green, leathery, weakly susceptible to powdery mildew. The thorns are large and frequent. Bushes are upright, well branched. Abundant flowering.

"Lancoma". The color of the petals is bright pink, saturated. The flowers are large, and about 10 cm in meter. The height of the bush is 100 cm. Abundant flowering.

"Bill de Villeurbanne". Double flowers (17-25 petals), pink and yellow petals. The aroma is strong. Usually one flower per peduncle. Bushes 1.2 m high. Abundant flowering, repeated. Ideal for cutting.

Vien Rose. The flowers of this hybrid tea rose have a pink tint, their size is about 11 cm, low aromatic bush is about 150 cm high, the thorniness is strong, the resistance to diseases is average, the winter hardiness is high. The variety is re-flowering. Cutting, high distillation.

"Corvette". Flowers of a beautiful goblet shape, red in color, keep the glass until the end of flowering, do not fade for a long time. The foliage is dark green, shiny. The height of the bush is 80-100 cm. The variety is resistant to disease and frost. Designed for cutting, group and single landings.

"Pocco Wine". The cultivar has a bright red flower, one of the largest in diameter.Roses are cut in the half-release or colored bud phase at the beginning of the opening of the first corolla petals.

"Black magic". This variety of hybrid tea rose blooms in red, the buds open slowly, the flowers have a very impressive appearance. The shape of the bud is conical. The size of the bud is large (6 - 6.5 cm). The diameter of the open flower is 12-13 cm. The foliage is large and shiny. The number of petals is 35. The thorns are medium. The height of the bush is 80-100 cm. The variety is re-flowering. Stability is high.

Shrubs

The breeder D. Austin, as a result of a long selection work, has bred a whole series of park roses, distinguished by unique characteristics, which are expressed in a special frost resistance. Shrabs are perhaps the longest-blooming roses among their fellows.

Polka 91 is a very unusual terry beauty of apricot color with a strong wavy edge of the petal. The climbing structure of the bush, reaching a length of three meters, is capable of twisting arbors and fences. Flowering is very abundant, undulating and directly depends on climatic conditions.

Note! In northern latitudes, flowering will be repeated two times, in southern latitudes - three times. Bonica 82 - constantly blooming pink roses, dense inflorescences can have 7-9 buds

The bush, due to its one and a half meter height, is able to cover low fences, supports and trellises. It differs in that the first wave of flowering is unusually abundant, the bush is literally sprinkled with flowers. The second and third are less effective, but, nevertheless, they are also very decorative.

Bonica 82 - constantly blooming pink roses, dense inflorescences can have 7-9 buds. The bush, due to its one and a half meter height, is able to cover low fences, supports and trellises. It differs in that the first wave of flowering is unusually abundant, the bush is literally sprinkled with flowers. The second and third are less effective, but, nevertheless, they are also very decorative.

Guy Savoy - constantly blooming roses, not distinguished by any special beauty of the bud. The plant is able to reach its maximum (up to 1.5 m) size. The flower is able to quickly trail along the trellis or support. In one inflorescence there can be up to 20 buds brightly colored in pink-lilac color. A distinctive feature of this variety is its unpretentiousness and undemanding cultivation.

Rose Bonica 82

Main classes of roses

Back in the mid-70s, at Oxford College, employees of the World Rose Federation began to subdivide rose bushes in accordance with the latest classification. It was based on two general parameters: biological and decorative. Based on them, roses are divided into three main subgroups:

• wild or species;
• garden or old park;
• modern.

Additionally, roses are usually divided into two subspecies:

• climbing. It is characterized by sagging branches and trunks, that is, they spread over the soil. For good growth, reproduction and long flowering, it is customary for them to put supports. You can find climbing bushes of roses of three types: the first is the length of the trunk one and a half to three meters (such bushes are usually referred to as semi-climbing), the second is a stem three to five meters long (called climbing), the third - the length varies from five to fifteen meters (called " curly "). There is also a subdivision into subspecies of the total number of petals in a bud: seven - have roses with simple buds, eight to twenty - "semi-double", more than twenty (roses with double buds);
• unflattering. This subspecies grows in the shape of a regular bush. Shoots grow from the rhizome of the plant. This class of roses has been growing for millennia without human intervention or intervention.

Varieties

Today, there are many varieties of Damask roses, but we will analyze only the most popular of them.

Kazanlik rose

This variety was brought to the ancient Bulgarian town of the same name in the 17th century by the Ottoman Turks. The unique features and stunning smell of Turkish roses have found new facets in Bulgaria.The favorable climate of the region contributed to the cultivation of a valuable aromatic species, and today the Valley of Roses in the vicinity of Kazanlak is a famous tourist destination, where an annual festival is even held. And the fragrant flower, famous for its beauty and aroma, has become the national symbol of the country. The Kazanlak oil rose is considered one of the best in the world for the production of essential oil, and the Bulgarian masters keep the unique method of its production secret. The bush of this rose is erect, with strong shoots. Double flowers are pink with golden stamens. It does not bloom for long, once a summer.

Leda

It is a low, spreading bush, reaching 1.2 m in height. Named after the heroine of Greek myths, the variety has distinctive color characteristics. Its dull leaves are quite unusual: dark green, rounded, with a silvery gray underside. During flowering, the bush is very beautiful: dark red buds gradually open into snow-white terry inflorescences with a cherry border at the petals. Leda is resistant to rain, frost and disease.

Ispahan

A very fragrant variety with pale pink inflorescences, the name of which comes from the Iranian city of Isfahan. In the Middle Ages, it was one of the largest cities in the world. The variety is excellent against diseases and bad weather conditions. Tall bush with one flowering.

York and lancaster

This unusual variety owes its origin and name to the famous page of British history - the end of the War of the Scarlet and White Rose, which lasted for more than 30 years. The coat of arms of the House of Lancaster was decorated with a red flower, and the opposing York dynasty chose white as their sign. The new King Henry VII Tudor made the symbol of the peace that reigned after long bloody years of peace with the heraldic emblem in the form of a double rose: a white flower on top of a scarlet one. The Tudor rose is still one of the most frequently used signs today: on the royal coat of arms, coins, etc. It is believed that the variety was bred by a Belgian breeder around 1576.

On one bush of this unique multicolored species, you can see roses of white, scarlet shades, and luxurious variegated inflorescences. The flowers are lush, double, with a large number of petals - 27-35 pieces. The plant reaches 150-200 cm in height, tolerates frost well, can grow in the shade, has an average resistance to diseases.