Brugmansia: features of planting in the open field and care

Description

The brugmansia flower acquired the name "intoxicating tree" due to the presence of a strongly odorous substance in different parts. The name "angelic trumpets" is associated with the shape of the flowers, which look like small gramophone bells. It grows in the form of a bush or small tree, very warmth-loving.

Under natural conditions, this is a fairly tall plant, at home height up to 2 meters... Shoots grow actively in spring and summer, but slowly grow stiff. To form a beautiful crown, they must be removed regularly.

Leaves with cuttings, smooth edges, with a fluff on the surface. The root system develops rapidly, forming a lump near the surface, while at the same time sinking several long roots into the depths.

This ornamental bush gained popularity due to its beautiful, relatively large flowers (length up to 25 cm, diameter up to 15 cm). They are fragrant, the smell is more intense in the evening.

The color depends on the variety, the flowering is wavy, it begins after the aerial part is fully formed. The fruit of brugmansia resembles a gray bitter pepper (see photo) with a length of up to 12 cm, seeds in the form of small "cakes" with a diameter of 1 cm.

Varieties

Popular varieties:

• fragrant (aromatic) - imported from Brazil, indoors under favorable conditions blooms all year round, white flowers (sometimes light green);
• golden - long leaves (up to 50 cm), yellow-orange flowers;
• snow-white (woody) - white flowers;
• bloody - the flowers are bright, red, orange, less often yellow, tolerates frost well;
• multi-colored - the young bush has white flowers, with age, the color changes to orange, peach, length up to 50 cm.

When grown in the garden, the buds of all varieties form late. Indoor plants can be taken outside in the spring without fear that they will freeze up.

Landing

Brugmansia is mainly grown in large containers. In open soil, it should be planted in regions with a warm climate, since the plant is very thermophilic and hard to tolerate frost.

A shrub grown in a tub needs replant several times a year, because it grows rather quickly, but this must be done carefully - by the transshipment method. The container should be quite deep and wide

For good growth of brugmansia, nutrient soil with any acidity is preferable.

Potting soil is often used for palm trees, but you can prepare it yourself from mixed in equal proportions:

• peat;
• humus;
• sand.

You can also take rotted leafy soil, peat, humus, perlite in equal parts, adding sod land to them (2 parts).

Timing

It is recommended to plant brugmansia in open soil at the end of May, when the threat of night frosts has finally passed. The optimum temperature for a shrub in summer is + 18-28 °, and in winter - + 8-12 °, on this basis, experienced growers recommend cultivating a flower as a tub culture, since in the middle lane it does not overwinter in the open field.

Technology

It is recommended to treat the substrate for planting with a light solution of potassium permanganate. At the bottom of the tub or planting hole, it is necessary to place drainage without fail, as well as compost or manure, then place the plant together with an earthen clod and sprinkle it with soil mixture.

A place for planting or placing a tub with brugmansia should be chosen well lit, but the light should be diffused. The flower should be protected from drafts. It must be remembered that in the shade the angelic trumpets will bloom sparsely, but the foliage will be plentiful.

Reproduction of this plant

Seeds

This is the hardest way. First, seeds have low germination rate. Secondly, it is very difficult to buy such planting material from us. And, thirdly, collecting seeds from the brugmansia friends growing in the garden is not an option - they will not convey the varietal characteristics of the mother plant.

Sowing brugmansia is necessary from the first weeks of January to March.

Everything is done like this:

1. The seeds have a dense shell, so it is worth scarification - rub them on sandpaper, this will help the shell to burst better, releasing a sprout.
2. After that, soak the seeds for a day in an aqueous solution of a growth stimulant.
3. In a deep container with soil, deepen the seeds by 10 cm.After that, they need to be watered.
4. Seeds germinate under a greenhouse (glass or film) in the warmth. The room should be between 20 and 25 degrees.
5. Sprouts can appear both after 10 days and after 1.5 months. Don't let the seeds rot or dry out - water them from time to time, but gently.
6. When you see seedlings, remove the greenhouse.
7. Spray the sprouts frequently. When 5 real leaves appear, dive the plants into separate pots.

Such a shrub will bloom in the second year of life.

Cuttings

This material can be rooted all year round. But best of all, they take root in early spring or in the second month of autumn.

An annual, lignified apical shoot with a bud is suitable for you. Its length should be between 15 and 25 cm.

The cuttings are cleaned of leaves, placed in a jar of water (always soft, settled, preferably also with a dissolved activated carbon tablet), keep them warm. Seeing that white dots have hatched from the bottom of the cutting (the so-called callus), it can already be planted in a pot with soil. Do not remove the stalk from a bright and warm place, and when it starts to "be active" (to grow leaves), spray it.

Rooting cuttings in winter, protecting planting material from diseases is a little specific work. You can see the correct example of such work here:

Air layering

Pick an annual lignified shoot on the trunk.

Cut it crosswise (about a quarter). Pollinate the place of the cut with a root formation stimulator, wrap it with slightly moistened sphagnum, and on top with a film. Occasionally the film must be lifted to spray the moss.

From 1.5 to 2 months later, roots should appear on the cut. Cut the top of the shoot, remove the lower (or all) leaves from it. Plant the shoot in a pot with light soil, here it will completely take root.

How to properly plant brugmansia in open ground

1. Timing of boarding

Brugmansia is grown in warm conditions. In our country, it is only possible to transplant a plant in the summer into open ground, but for the winter it must be brought back to a more suitable room, for example, a basement with a temperature of at least +5 degrees.

It is watered infrequently, as the soil dries up. After wintering, it can be returned to the garden again with the onset of warming.

If the site is located in a warmer region, you can grow the plant outdoors. In Russia, this will be problematic, since there are too few suitable places.

Therefore, only the summer period is suitable. Brugmansia needs good watering and feeding. Closer to autumn, she opens her flowers.

2. Site selection and soil preparation

Feeding for brugmansia is beneficial. Regardless of what acidity is in the soil, it is necessary to add a soil mixture with the addition of a small amount of dry chicken droppings.

Brugmansia is grown first in a pot. With growth, it will be necessary to make several transshipments along with a lump of earth into more suitable, spacious containers, adding fresh soil and adding another portion of dry chicken droppings.

An open place is chosen where scattered sunlight is well received and there are no drafts. It is better not to plant the plant under the open sun, as this can slow down its development.The wind can damage or break fragile shoots.

3. Treatment and preparation of soil

Light, drained soil should be fertile. A mixture of peat, loam and humus is added to it in a ratio of 2: 1: 1 and mixed well in a large pot (up to 15 liters), after which it is treated with a solution of potassium permanganate (potassium permanganate).

If such a mixture is difficult to get, then a purchased one will do, in which it is necessary to add compost to half of its volume. The pot is chosen light so that it does not heat up under the sun. The plant does not like this.

4. Features of watering

When planting brugmansia in a pot, it is necessary that it has drainage holes. Expanded clay is laid on the bottom in a small layer. The plant loves water very much, evaporating a large amount of it with large leaves.

Especially plentiful watering will be necessary in a dry indoor microclimate. In winter, when the heating is turned on, the flower must be well moistened with a spray bottle. You can track the watering time by withering leaves.

Brugmansia care

Since brugmansia belongs to tropical cultures, it is believed that it is very demanding to care for. In fact, such an opinion is erroneous, although certain growing conditions for the shrub still have to be provided.

First of all, you need to choose the right place for growing the shrub: it should be well lit, but it is advisable to shade the plant in the middle of the day. In addition, the site must be protected from wind and drafts, as thin and long shoots can break in strong gusts of wind. The rest of the activities are standard and include watering, fertilizing, loosening and pruning. We will consider some of them in more detail.

Watering

It is better to grow brugmansia in areas with fatty nutrient soil.

At the same time, it is important to provide the plant with a sufficient amount of moisture. Since in temperate climates the shrub is grown in large pots or boxes, it must be watered daily and abundantly enough.

Such an intensive irrigation schedule is explained by the fact that brugmansia has a branched root system, which consumes a lot of moisture for abundant flowering. Also, do not forget about regular spraying of the leaves, as this procedure will help to increase the air humidity to the level necessary for the plant.

Top dressing

Fertilization is also a must in brugmansia care. Before flowering, liquid mineral fertilizers mixed with wood ash are regularly applied to the soil. It is worth carrying out procedures at least twice a month.

When the first buds appear on the bushes, as well as during active flowering, potash and phosphorus fertilizers are used, which can give the plant enough strength to form new inflorescences.

Pruning

Separately, it is worth dwelling on shrub pruning. The procedure is best done in March, when the plant is still dormant.

In this case, it is important to have time to complete the pruning before the culture awakens, since otherwise the plant can weaken greatly (Figure 5)

During pruning, all dry and damaged branches are removed first. Further, it is necessary to shorten healthy shoots by a third to stimulate tillering. It should be borne in mind that excessive thinning will negatively affect the number of buds.

Also, during the procedure, you need to leave not only straight, but also Y-shaped branches, on which buds will form in the future. It should be borne in mind that you can remove excess branches only in the second year after the first flowering.

After flowering and wintering

In the fall, when the night temperature drops to + 5 + 7 degrees, the shrub is transferred to the house. In such conditions, the flowering of the plant will continue until the end of December or the beginning of January.

Figure 5. Correct pruning of the shrub

It often happens that Brugmarsia likes home conditions so much that it does not stop flowering even in winter. In this case, a period of dormancy must be created artificially in order to preserve the strength of culture until next year. To do this, the pot with the plant is transferred to a cool room, feeding is completely stopped and watering is reduced.

If there is no place for such a large shrub in your house, you can also use an ordinary basement for wintering. The main condition is that it must be dry and cool enough (the optimal temperature is + 5 + 8 degrees). In such conditions, the plant is watered only if necessary, preventing the earthen coma from drying out. Most likely, the shrub will shed its leaves, but do not worry about this - in the spring new buds will bloom on the branches.

Ode to beauty

Its 30cm bell flowers are amazing! It is not for nothing that they are also called "angelic trumpets" - if the angels in heaven really announce their good deeds by playing the trumpets, then these musical instruments should look just like that.

The brugmansia bush grows large, up to 3-4 m, so you need to take care of its location in advance. Such an exquisite beauty should have enough light, warmth, protection from drafts and possible mechanical damage to her fragile beautiful inflorescences.

And of course it would be a crime to shove a tub of brugmansia in the far corner of the room! After all, when her stunning flowers bloom, she willy-nilly overshadows all other objects in the room, becomes the main decoration and an unsurpassed element of decor.

And nature has worked with particular diligence on the colors of brugmansi: from the most delicate shades of peach, cream, pink to radical acid colors, as well as two-, three- and even four-color colors, simple and terry.

And what an exquisitely delicate and at the same time strong aroma of these bell-flowers! He fills the air around him with the finest waves of aphrodesiac, lifts the mood, evokes desires ... How to grow such a wonderful plant?

Views

As already mentioned, today there are a large number of varieties of this plant. Among them, the following are the most common types:

1. Woody brugmansia is the main South American variety of this plant, it can reach 3 meters in height, the flowers are white, their length is about 20-25 cm.
2. Golden Brugmansia was first bred in Colombia and can grow up to 4 meters in height. The flowers are large - up to 30 cm in length, have a yellow or pink color and are distinguished by a wide limb. This plant has a very rich smell, which allows it to attract a large number of insects.
3. The prominent brugmansia is a mountain variety, and the uplands in Peru and Ecuador are considered natural habitats. The flowers have a saggy shape and a faded color, in length they can reach 45 cm.This variety is very fast growing.
4. Fragrant brugmansia can grow up to 5 meters in height, most common in Brazil. Flowers reach 25 cm in length, have a white color, sometimes with a yellowish tinge.
5. Bloody brugmansia is another species native to Peru, in natural conditions it can grow up to 4 meters in height. It got its name from the saggy bright red, yellow or orange flowers, the average size of which is 20 cm.
6. The multicolored brugmansia is an Ecuadorian variety, usually ranging in height from 2 to 4 meters. The plant is known for its large flowers, which can reach 50 cm, the color is usually white or peach, it can vary depending on the age of the bush.
7. Volcanic brugmansia is found only in the Colombian highlands and is one of the rarest varieties.The height of the bush can be 2-4 meters, flowers up to 15 cm, usually have an orange or salmon color.

In addition to the named varieties, there are also a huge number of hybrid varieties, it is they who are most widespread in the middle lane, since they take root better in the conditions of the local climate.

Description of brugmansia

Brugmansia (lat. Brugmansia) is a culture related to the species of the Solanaceae family. He is from the Datura (dope) family, the flowers of brugmansia are very similar to flowers of this type. The Brugmansia family consists of only six types of compact trees and evergreen shrubs that are found in the subtropics of South America. The name was given to the plant in homage to the Dutch botanist Sebald Brygmans. Sometimes brugmansia is called the trumpets of an angel. This culture is very fond of warmth, cultivation in our weather conditions is laborious, but this is justified by beautiful flowers with a captivating smell.

The tree-like brugmansia has the ability to reach heights of five meters. If desired, select the smallest species: Cordata Red, Culebra. Brugmansia has large leaves, which can be up to half a meter in length, they are whole-edged, rounded, wavy edges, the threads are clearly depicted. The leaves grow in two levels: the 1st level is presented with stretching leaves with stretching edges, in the 2nd - the leaves are smaller, the edges are convex. The flowers are large, their length is fifty cm, the diameter is 20 cm. The flower is tubular. They are nude, velvet, clash types covered with two-tiered flowers.

The color is diverse: gold, emerald, whitish-pink, peach, orange, scarlet, milk-cream, probably a combination of 2-3 colors (gradient color), sometimes flowers on 1 tree have every chance to differ from each other in color. Flowers are constantly bending: the pipes fall down.

In the mild climatic zone, brugmansia is most grown in pots: in the summer they are exhibited in the garden, and in the winter they are moved to the room. Stems, leaves and flowers of the planting have poisonous elements, for this reason, as a result of contact with the plant, be sure to wash your hands with soap and water.

Reproduction methods

Brugmansia reproduces in 3 ways:

1. Seeds;
2. Cuttings;
3. Layers.

Seeds

Brugmansia from seeds at home begins to grow in early January. Brugmansia can be planted until mid-March. The seeds are laid shallowly into the ground, approximately 0.5-1 cm. After they are covered with earth, it is recommended to moisten the latter well and make a kind of greenhouse, covering the area with planting with a film.

Note! Seedlings can appear both 2 weeks after planting, and after 2.5 months.

Cuttings

There are 2 types of cuttings of a shrub or tree:

1. Stem;
2. Root.

Cuttings are allowed to propagate brugmansia, which is at least a year old. This procedure can be carried out 2 times a year: at the beginning of autumn and at the beginning of spring. Most gardeners prefer to cut the plant in the spring, believing that the root system develops faster during this period. What is the time to plant brugmansia in the spring? You can start doing this from mid-March. This method is easier than the previous one. In addition, a shrub or tree propagated by cuttings develops faster, respectively, blooms faster.

For harvesting cuttings, you should choose stems, the length of which is not less than 25 cm. The stem is cut with a pruner, from its upper part, under the apical branching. As in most cases of plant propagation by cuttings, the lower leaves are completely removed from it, the upper ones are cut in half.

Important! Cuttings are cut from a tree whose height is at least 85 cm.This is due to the high setting of buds

Root cuttings of brugmansia is a preferable method for beginners, since the shrub that has grown after applying this method takes root better, develops faster, and is easier to care for.

Rooting brugmansia in the substrate

Rooting of cuttings is carried out either in water or in a special soil mixture.

Note! Rooting cuttings in water is not suitable for all varieties of brugmansia

Layers

This is the most time consuming way of breeding brugmansia. In order to obtain layering, it is necessary to select a well-developed shoot on an adult plant and make a shallow incision in the bud. Further, a root growth stimulator is poured into it, and the entire incision site is wrapped in moss. Moss is purchased special, for example, sphagnum

It is very important to keep the incision moist at all times. This procedure is carried out in mid-March, already in mid-June, the resulting cuttings can be cut off and planted in a nutrient substrate for 14-21 days.

After the escape started to grow, it can be transplanted to a permanent habitat.

Heat-loving brugmansia

Brugmansia flowers are not too capricious in their content, but if the basic rules for care are not followed, the shrub may die. By placing the plant in a warm and bright place, regularly fertilizing the soil with nutrients, maintaining a certain air humidity and making timely pruning, you can enjoy the long and lush flowering and exquisite aroma of this exotic flower.

Subtleties of care

When cultivating brugmansia, you need to know that she loves light and warmth. In winter, if it is not possible to provide such conditions, you can leave it in a cool room until spring comes (the plant will be dormant). "Archangel's pipes", which grow in tubs, develop better at a temperature of + 23-25 ​​°, in the summer the room needs to be ventilated or the plant should be taken out into fresh air. For an indoor green pet, the south side with good lighting is more suitable.

Watering

During the warm period, the plant needs abundant and regular watering, after flowering it needs to be slightly reduced. Brugmansia reacts well to spraying, while you need to not allow water to get on the buds. V dormant period - in winter - it is recommended to water the flower rarely and with a small amount of water, but not to allow the soil to dry out. If the plant blooms and develops in winter, then moisture should be normal. It is better to take water for irrigation that is settled and not cold.

Top dressing

It is worth starting to feed brugmansia in the spring, for this you can take a mullein solution in a ratio of 1: 10 or fertilizer with nitrogen. During the summer, the plant is fertilized with complex mineral and organic fertilizing every 1-2 weeks. During flowering, you need to make compounds with potassium and phosphorus. In the cold period, if the flower is not in a state of rest, it is enough to feed it once a month, otherwise fertilizers are not used.

Pruning

Brugmansia is characterized by rather rapid growth, therefore, it needs a haircut, in addition, in this way, you can form the crown and give it the desired shape. Experienced growers recommend pruning in early spring. First, old and dry branches are removed, the rest are shortened by a third. For the first time, the plant can be pruned two years after the first flowering.

Preparing for winter

For wintering, it is recommended to move brugmansia to a cool room from +13 degrees and below (up to +5), then the plant will be in a dormant period, and its growth stops until spring. The flower is not fed and is rarely watered, but it is recommended to spray and air it regularly. As for lighting, the plant should organize additional lighting (optimally, daylight hours should last about 12 hours). Plants that grow in open soil are dug up for the winter, divided into several parts (optional).Each of them is placed in an individual container and stored in the basement.

It may happen that the top of the plant froze during wintering (the temperature was too low), then in spring it needs to be cut off and rooted in water, and then planted in the usual way. If you want brugmansia to continue to bloom in winter, it should provide certain conditions:

• warm room;
• good lighting.

It must be remembered that in this case, the plant is quickly depleted and after few years may die. Therefore, in order to enjoy the beauty of the "archangel's trumpets" for a longer time, it is better to properly prepare the plant for the period of winter dormancy. As you can see, it is not difficult to care for brugmansia, but at the same time you can get a spectacular flower that will decorate any home or garden.

Subtleties of care

Let's turn to the basic requirements of brugmansy for home care

The plant is not too capricious, it is not difficult to grow it for a novice florist. But non-compliance with the recommendations of the content can affect his well-being and even ruin.

Pot

Plant in a tub

In brugmansia, the root system develops rapidly and intensively. Therefore, the roots often become cramped, they can break the pot from the inside. It is advisable to select a wide and voluminous container for the plant, in which it will grow freely.

But even in this case, a transplant is regularly required.

Priming

A nutritious substrate is suitable for sowing a plant. The acidity of the soil does not matter. You can buy soil for palm or regular tub plants at the store.

If you want to prepare the mixture yourself, you will need:

• Sand
• Humus
• Peat

All parts are connected in equal proportions.

When planted in open ground in the garden, preference is given to oily loamy soils with an abundance of nutrients.

Illumination

Compliance with lighting conditions

Brugmansia is a light-loving tropical beauty. She likes daylight and sun; even direct sunlight is allowed on the flower. Therefore, it is better to provide her with appropriate conditions.

The plant is placed on the south, south-east and south-west windows. If it is not possible, you can bet on others, but be sure to provide additional illumination, especially in the winter season. Brugmansia is illuminated with phytolamps with a pink spectrum.

If such conditions are problematic, it is better to lower the illumination and temperature so that the plant has a dormant period.

Temperature

The optimum air temperature for a plant is + 23-25 ​​° С

Exotic brugmansia loves a high temperature, about + 23-25 ​​degrees. During the hot summer months, it is advisable to ventilate the room where it is growing as often as possible, but avoid drafts. It is permissible to transfer it to the loggia and balcony.

Watering and humidity

Brugmansia loves water, because in nature it lives in conditions with a humid tropical and subtropical climate.

In the summer heat, the substrate is moistened every day, but the main thing is not to overmoisten the earthen lump. In cool months, watering is carried out only when the top layer of the soil dries up.

Watered with soft water at room temperature, which has stood during the day. She also needs to spray the foliage of the plant every day.

Too much moisture can be dangerous. The excess liquid is drained from the pallet.

Transfer

Due to the intensity of the growth of brugmansia, it must be transplanted regularly, at least once a year.

Otherwise, the roots will become cramped, growth will slow down, and flowering will stop. The new pot should be slightly taller and wider than the previous one.

For transplanting, the transshipment method is used: the plant, along with an earthen lump, is carefully shaken out of the old container and moved to a new one. Before planting it in a new "house", a layer of drainage is laid on the bottom of the tub: a mixture of pebbles with charcoal.

All work with the plant is carried out exclusively in protective gloves so that the poisonous juice of brugmansia does not come into contact with the skin.If it does get into unprotected areas, they must be thoroughly rinsed.

Top dressing

Flowering period

Brugmansiya will be glad to see frequent feeding. It is even believed that it is impossible to over-fertilize this plant. It is also very undemanding in terms of the composition of the feeding; any mineral or organic mixture will suit it.

During the period of active growth - vegetation - it is recommended to give brugmansia complementary foods weekly. So she will have a lush and beautiful crown. It is better to apply complex fertilizers at the same time.

In the summer, when brugmansia blooms, they are fed with compositions for flowering plants. They are also brought in every week. It is better to use fertilizers rich in phosphorus and potassium. Of the organic compounds, the most suitable is mullein.

Pruning

New shoots and leaves grow quickly in brugmansia

Therefore, to preserve decorativeness, it is necessary to trim the side branches. The procedure is carried out in the spring months.

Shoots are pruned by about a third, weak, diseased or too elongated branches are removed. It is better to keep the Y-shaped branching of the shoots to form a beautiful crown.

It is important not to overdo it when pruning. Pruning too vigorously will reduce the splendor of the flowering.

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Reproduction of brugmansia

Brugmansia is a plant that can multiply in several ways: by seed, cuttings and layering.

Reproduction method by cuttings

In order for the cuttings to take root quickly, it is better to use this method in the spring. Prepare a strong and sturdy stalk with at least one fork. Cut off all the leaves - this will conserve the vigor of the cuttings, which are needed for root growth. The stalk must be placed in a container with water, having previously dipped it into a biological solution (growth stimulator) and changed daily. The first roots should appear in about ten days. After that, the cutting is transferred to peat soil.

When the plant decays and the roots grow slowly, the cutting can be immediately planted in the ground (for example, perlite), after cutting off the decayed part. The soil should be moderately moist. It is advisable to place the container with the plant in partial shade and in the greenhouse mode. As the root system grows, the plant is briefly taken out in direct sunlight. The favorable time for transplantation will come in about a month.

Reproduction method by layering

With this method of reproduction, the plant will not be tall, but the flowering will not suffer. Apply it in May-June.

At the top of the shrub, you need to choose strong and healthy last year's shoots about two centimeters in diameter. Each shoot needs to be cut into a Y-shaped cut (approximately twenty-five percent thick) and sprinkled with a root stimulant. Then attach damp moss around the entire incision, wrap it in a plastic bag and strengthen with a thick thread or elastic band. For a month, using a medical syringe, it is necessary to moisten the moss.

After thirty to forty days, when the roots appear, the shoot must be cut off, all the leaves and flowers on it must be removed, the moss must be carefully removed and it can be planted in a permanent place. For better rooting, the plant will need daily spraying and no direct sunlight.

Seed propagation method

With this method of reproduction, the plant will begin to bloom only in the second or third year.

Before planting, the seeds are soaked for two days in a growth stimulator. They are planted in moist soil to a depth of about one centimeter and sprayed on the soil surface. Then you need to cover the container with the seeds with a transparent film and leave in a well-lit place for three weeks.

When shoots appear, it is necessary to sprinkle daily with water at room temperature (three times a day).The time of plant transplantation is determined by the appearance of the fifth leaf on the shoots.

After two months, you can feed young plants with nitrogen-containing fertilizers, and after four - with complex fertilizers.