Classification of marigold species, description and characteristics of varieties and hybrids

Planting and leaving

Marigolds are planted by growing seedlings, or immediately by seeds in open ground. Flower care includes standard activities:

• timely watering;
• loosening the soil and preparing for wintering.

In general, the plant is unpretentious, and, subject to the elementary rules of cultivation, it will delight with bright flowers until the cold weather.

In the garden or in the summer cottage, it is recommended to plant marigolds next to cabbage and potato beds, berry bushes. This neighborhood scares away pests.

Seeds

A simple way that does not require experience. It is enough to purchase seeds of the desired variety and sow them in the ground after preliminary treatment. It is recommended to soak the planting material in warm water for several hours. After that, the seeds swell and germinate faster.

The recommended planting time is the first half of May, when the soil warms up enough. For planting, you need to choose sunny areas. Seeds are laid 5 cm deep. Deeper burial is fraught with late germination.

If the seedlings are too thick, you can divide and plant them.

We suggest watching a video on how to sow marigolds in open ground:

Seedlings

You need to start growing seedlings at the end of March. The seeds can be purchased at the store or prepared in advance by yourself. The soil is prepared from a mixture of turf, peat and sand, in a ratio of 1: 1: 3. You can buy ready-made substrate in the store. Before planting, you can put the seeds in damp gauze and leave in a warm place for several days.

1. At the bottom of the container for future seedlings, a drainage of expanded clay is laid out by 2-3 cm.
2. Prepared soil is poured on top. It must be abundantly moistened with water, it is also recommended to water the soil with a solution of potassium permanganate. This helps to kill bacteria and fungi.
3. You need to lay the seeds to a depth of 1.5-2 cm, carefully sprinkle with earth.
4. Abundant watering is not needed now, so as not to wash the planting material out of the soil. Containers with future seedlings can be covered with foil - this will speed up the seedlings. The first shoots will appear in 2-4 days.

If the seedlings have sprouted too thickly, you need to thin them out. The remaining sprouts will develop faster. It is possible to plant seedlings in open ground in late April or early May, when the soil warms up to 13-14º.

Lighting, watering, loosening

• Marigolds love sunny areas. You can plant them in shaded areas, but ideally the sun should illuminate the beds for 12-14 hours.
• During the growing season, seedlings need daily watering. The soil must be constantly moist, drying out is unacceptable. With the appearance of the first flowers, the need for irrigation decreases. It is necessary to ensure that there is no stagnation of water in the beds. Adult flowers are watered as needed.

  A sign of moisture deficiency is sluggish and drooping leaves. Therefore, in the heat, you need to inspect the plants and the soil under them. If the ground is hard and cracked, urgent watering is required. On very hot days, watering is best early in the morning or in the evening, after sunset.

  Do not overuse irrigation - excess moisture leads to root rot and further death of the plant.

• Loosening improves soil ventilation and provides oxygen access to the roots. Held once a week. It is also necessary to remove weeds in a timely manner.

Preparing for winter

Perennial marigolds are frost-resistant. There is no need for a special construction on the flowerbed. In regions with harsh winters, it is enough to wrap the plants with an air-permeable cloth.

1. Seven Secrets of Success:

Botanical name: Tagetes.

Family

Domestic marigolds - origin. North and South America.

Marigolds description. Hundreds of marigold varieties have been developed by garden breeders over several hundred years.

Marigolds have the most diverse appearance - sometimes they are small shrub plants 15-30 cm in height with flowers up to 5 cm in diameter in yellow, orange and bronze colors, sometimes they are taller and stronger plants reaching 0.9 m in height with larger flowers and a shorter flowering period. What growers often mistake for single flowers is actually flower baskets - inflorescences consisting of many small tubular flowers.

Some species bloom continuously and have impressive flowers with a diameter of 7 cm in golden, yellow, red and red shades.

The leaves of all marigolds are dark green, deeply divided, feathery, and have a slightly unpleasant odor. It is interesting that, depending on the specific species, the leaf blades can be located either opposite or alternately.

Stems in all species are ribbed, abundantly branching. There are both annual and perennial plants.

Height. From 15 cm. To 120 cm.

Description

Marigolds, in light of their high decorative qualities, are in great demand in projects related to landscaping and decoration of territories. The American culture, however, is planted outdoors, on window sills and loggias around the world. In the wild, flowers can be found in Brazil, Mexico, Argentina. Tagetes is the second name for a flourishing culture. It is found in horticulture and floriculture in a large number of hybrid species and varieties, among which are plants of French origin - rejected marigolds (Tagetes patula L).

Annuals form an erect stem, the height of which can vary from 15 to 50 centimeters, in addition, the culture develops side shoots deflected to the sides, which gave rise to the name of this flower. The main difference from erect species is precisely the structure of the stem. In the latter, it stiffens with age, after which one flower develops on it. The difference is also observed in the size of the culture and the diameter of the flowers. The green mass of marigolds is dissected, with lanceolate lobes and serrated edges. Leaves can grow on shoots alternately or oppositely.

The inflorescence is presented in the form of a small basket, the diameter of which is no more than 6 centimeters. The flower wrapper consists of one row of accrete leaves with sharp tops. Marigolds bloom with orange, yellow, brown-brown, maroon, vanilla-cream, lemon flowers, in some species the color may be two-colored. After flowering, the seed pod ripens in the plant.

Rejected marigolds do not stand out for special requirements regarding growing conditions, however, the appearance of the crop, especially in the flowering phase, will directly depend on the level of illumination of the place where it is cultivated. Due to their endurance in any conditions, such flowers are very often planted near highways, as well as in infertile soil. Most varieties are frost-resistant, so they retain their viability even during the period of spring or autumn night temperature drops to minus marks.

Growing features

Landing

Low-growing marigolds can be planted as seeds in open ground or using seedlings. In order for flowering to begin earlier, you need to grow seedlings.

It is better to plant in open ground in May, because seedlings can die at low temperatures. The seeds are buried 1 cm in the ground.

Before starting planting, the soil must be prepared.

1. Poor soil is fertilized with humus and superphosphates.
2. Pits 4-5 cm deep are harvested for seeds.
3. The soil should be moistened.
4. The seeds are evenly scattered and buried.

The first shoots may appear in 5-10 days.

It is necessary to take into account the height of the bush. Low-growing varieties should be planted according to the 20x20 cm scheme.

In order for tagetis to bloom at the beginning of summer, you need to prepare seeds for seedlings in March-April. For seed germination, you should prepare a loose mixture of peat, turf, humus and river sand. The components should be taken in different proportions.

1. At the bottom of the container there is a drainage layer of fine gravel, expanded clay or crushed stone, not less than 3 cm.
2. To disinfect the soil, a solution of potassium permanganate is used.
3. The container for seedlings must be filled with soil, 2-3 cm are left from the edge. Furrows with a depth of 1.5-2 cm are made with a distance of 3 cm.
4. Seeds must be covered with 1 cm of soil.
5. The container must be covered with glass or polyethylene and left warm, the temperature must be at least 20-22 °.
6. After the appearance of the first leaves, the seedlings are planted in separate containers for full development.

You can use a spoon to remove the seedlings from the ground. Planting ready-made seedlings in open ground begins in late May or early June. Marigolds are also grown in pots.

Marigolds transplant well even in flowering state. The main thing at this time is to water them abundantly.

Care

Low-growing marigolds are undemanding to conditions, so it is not difficult to care for them. They love to grow in the shade.

It is necessary to provide watering, weed out the area and loosen the soil once a week. Regular loosening improves the appearance of marigolds and encourages the rapid formation of flowers. Dried baskets are best cut off. This will allow new flower buds to appear and extend the flowering time.

Plant feeding is recommended. Two weeks after planting in open ground, marigolds need to be fertilized with a urea solution in the proportion: 1 tablespoon to 2.5 liters of water. When fertilizing, the amount of nitrogen must be observed. In excess, it will only contribute to the growth of the greenery of the bush. The second time the plant needs to be fed when the buds appear.

These plants are resistant to diseases and pests. But in a rainy summer, or if you water it too much, gray rot can form on the shoots and leaves. Diseased bushes must be removed from the flower bed. With high humidity, slugs can also appear on the bushes. In the fight against them, a solution of bleach helps well. You need to place small containers between the flower beds.

The strong smell will keep pests away. In dry times, there is a risk of a spider mite attack

Therefore, it is important to regulate soil moisture. If the pest has already appeared on marigolds, then you can treat them with an infusion of hot red pepper, yarrow or onions

Low-growing marigolds are widespread among ornamental plants that do not require special care. Any novice gardener can plant them.

Reproduction of marigolds

Seeds. In open ground, marigolds can be sown in late May - early June. Seedlings appear 5-10 days after sowing. It is advisable to cover the soil with non-woven material (acrylic, lutrasil). In this case, you can sow a week and a half earlier than usual, and thereby accelerate flowering.

When growing seedlings earlier than others, in mid-March, erect marigolds are sown. Rejected and thin-leaved marigolds are sown in early April. If these deadlines are met, flowering of all three species will begin in June. It is not difficult to grow marigold seedlings in indoor conditions on a light window, and even better - in film greenhouses, where the plants will be the strongest.

To make the seedlings healthy, you need loose, nutritious soil (1 part of humus + 1 part of peat + 1 part of sod land + 0.5 part of sand), an even temperature of 18-22 ° C and moderate watering. Rejected marigolds are less demanding on soil and temperature. Although the seedlings of marigolds are considered unpretentious, it is better to take fresh soil for sowing, especially for narrow-leaved marigolds, which are more affected by the black leg than other species.

Seedlings can be grown in a box, bowl or pot. Drainage (crushed stone, expanded clay, coarse sand) should be poured onto the bottom with a layer of 3 cm or holes should be made. Otherwise, plants may die from fungal diseases. First, 2/3 of the soil is poured onto the drainage, and this layer is compacted by hand or tamping. The next layer should be loose so that the germinating roots have enough air. The soil should not reach the edge of the container by 1-2 cm. The prepared soil is well spilled and left for one or two days in a warm place so that it “breathes”.

The seeds of marigolds are large, therefore they can be carefully laid out in the grooves at a distance of 1-1.5 cm.The distance between the grooves themselves is 1.5-2 cm

Thickened seedlings suffer more from lack of light and stretch out. They may even get black leg disease.

The easiest way to get the optimum density is by sowing germinated seeds. For germination, they need to be laid out on a damp cloth on a saucer and put in a plastic bag, put in a warm place. After 2-3 days, the seeds will hatch. The decomposed seeds are covered with a layer of earth of 0.5-1 cm. Poorly covered seeds can die from drying out. If seeds are buried too deep in the soil, they may not grow at all, especially in narrow-leaved marigolds. After sowing, the top layer of the earth is carefully watered, then covered with paper. The containers are placed in a warm place (22-25 ° C) and the soil moisture is closely monitored. After 3-7 days, seedlings will appear and the containers should be transferred to a bright place at a lower temperature (18-20 ° C).

If the seedlings are still thickened, they must be dived. Seedlings are carefully removed from well-watered soil and planted in a hole, deepening to the cotyledons. This will facilitate the formation of new roots. A good seedling at the time of planting has 2-3 pairs of leaves and a strong root system. Seedlings are planted in the ground in late May - early June. Plants are planted in the soil 1-2 cm deeper than they grew before. The distance between plants depends on the species and variety. Tall hybrids and varieties of erect marigolds are planted according to the scheme 40 x 40 cm, medium varieties and F1 hybrids 30 x 30 cm and low varieties and hybrids of all types 20 x 20 cm.

The transplant is easily tolerated at any age, even in a flowering state.

Anise and rare marigolds

Aniseed marigolds (Tagetes anisata) remain one of the most controversial species. Some scientists have already transferred them to the form of narrow-leaved marigolds and are considered only as separate varieties, others still continue to argue.

Anise marigolds (Tagetes anisata) "Anise aroma". Seedspost

Aniseed marigolds differ from Mexican marigolds only in their aroma reminiscent of badan and tarragon - spicy, sweet, with light undertones of licorice, slightly obtrusive and uniquely festive. The aroma also matches the taste, however, the latter is much more delicate in aniseed marigolds.

But this kind is appreciated not only for the aroma enveloping everything around in a spicy cloud. Small baskets in loose, but multi-flowered inflorescences-shields and dark leaves flaunting with whole lanceolate lobes look very elegant and original, standing out against the background of any other marigolds.

Blossoming in orange tones starts as early as 8 weeks after germination and continues throughout the summer, sometimes extending into autumn. And fragrant twigs stand perfectly in bouquets, without losing their decorative effect for several weeks.

Aniseed marigolds can be grown both in pot culture and in open soil.They are good in flower beds, in curbs, in flower beds, in ornamental gardens, as a textural plant, as well as in fragrant flower beds, around recreation areas and near the terrace. They can be transplanted even at the peak of flowering.

The main advantages of aniseed marigolds are ultra-high drought resistance, the ability to grow almost without care on any medium garden soil, provided there is good lighting. They are thermophilic and after the very first autumn cold weather they lose their decorative effect, but before that they have time to fully reveal their beauty.

Aniseed marigold varieties

The best varieties of aniseed marigolds are:

• Foxtrot Rio with a unique apricot color of small, simple flowers and very dark leaves. The neat low bushes seem like squat cushions.
• "Anise aroma" with bright yellowish greens and yellow-orange inflorescences.
• "Licorice" with almost nondescript yellow flowers and very small, dark green leaves.

Radiant marigolds (Tagetes lucida). Special Plants Nursery Nelson's Marigolds (Tagetes nelsonii). Dick culbert

Use in landscaping

A riot of bright colors is emphasized by blue velvet.

Types of marigolds:

1. Popular plants Marigolds (Latin Tagetes) form erect compact bushes 15-130 cm high with a fibrous root system. Leaves pinnately dissected with opposite or alternating arrangement. The color changes from dark green to light tones. There are varieties with narrow leaves, mostly belonging to perennial crops.
2. Inflorescences are painted in various shades: white, yellow, red, burgundy, brown, multi-colored. Extreme flowers are pseudo-ligate, central ones are bisexual. Flowering is abundant, long, begins in early June and lasts until the first frost. Flowers have simple heads and more complex double ones with wavy multi-colored petals.
3. Plants are capable of self-seeding. After flowering, a fruit with many seeds is formed. Moreover, the germination of seed material lasts 3-5 years. Plants give off a pleasant aroma, which is an excellent remedy for pests in garden plots.
4. Marigolds are not only a garden decoration, but also medicinal properties are attributed to them. They use both infusion of flowers as a drink and for taking medicinal baths. Crushed dried flowers are widely used in the East as a spice for various meat dishes.

The author of the video recommends pinching tall marigolds even at the seedling stage in order to increase lateral shoots and, as a result, increase flowers:

Why handsome men are chic - erect marigolds

Plants are distinguished by the large size of the inflorescences: the flowers of some varieties exceed 15 cm in diameter. The bushes grow in the shape of a pyramid with strong, sturdy stems and tall peduncles. Their sizes depend on the variety. It can be both medium-sized marigolds about 50 cm in height, and tall flowers up to 1 m in height.

One of the most beautiful and large-flowered species of erect marigolds includes the following varieties:

• Kilimanjaro;
• Solar giants;
• Eskimo;
• Alaska;
• Cupid is orange;
• Orange king.

Kilimanjaro marigolds, annual, terry

Spectacular flowers are striking in their size and unusual color. In the photo of Kilimanjaro marigolds, it seems that large, densely stuffed, white buds with a yellow center. In fact, all the petals are delicate vanilla in color, and the middle is slightly darker, since they are not fully opened. The height of the bush itself is on average 50 cm, although it may be more. The diameter of the flower is from 7 to 12 cm. It blooms from July until frost.

On this topic:

Marigolds Solar giants, annual, carnation

One of the tallest and most spectacular varieties is striking in its size. The height of the bushes can reach 1 m, and the diameter of the buds is 17 cm. In the photo of the marigolds of the Solar Giants, you can see that the inflorescences are very lush.They resemble a giant carnation of a bright yellow color due to the wavy petals along the edges.

Eskimo marigolds, medium-sized

In a shady place, the bushes grow up to 60 cm, in the sun their height does not exceed 35 cm. The inflorescences are very delicate, cream-colored, but rather large - up to 10 cm in diameter, terry. They bloom from mid-summer until the October frost. Looks spectacular in a composition with early flowering chrysanthemums.

Alaska marigolds, medium-sized, large-flowered

A medium-sized variety with a height of no more than 60 cm strikes with large densely double buds. The diameter of the inflorescences is about 12 cm on average, but it can reach all 15 cm. The petals are light lemon in color, slightly curving around the edges.

Marigolds Cupid orange undersized

Bushes are small, up to 20 cm in height, but with straight stems, which begin to branch strongly from the very bottom. Photo of marigolds Cupid orange emphasizes their beauty and originality of inflorescences. They consist of many smaller petals of the same color. The extreme row is represented by wider petals, curved in the opposite direction, under the flower. The diameter of the buds reaches 12 cm.

On this topic:

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Marigolds Orange king tall, chrysanthemum

A very rich variety catches the eye with large bright orange buds up to 11 cm in diameter. They consist of many wavy petals, densely growing, and look like chrysanthemum flowers. The bush itself is quite tall, up to 80 cm tall.

Plant with seedlings for early flowering

	Seed planting in open ground Stages: sow seeds on prepared beds in early spring, while the land is still damp, but the threat of return frosts has passed; after germination, thin out the planting, leaving a distance of 30 cm between the seedlings; timely watering and loosening the soil; to prevent freezing, you can cover the planting with agrofibre
	Growing through seedlings Stages: to obtain an earlier planting material and accelerate the flowering period of marigolds, planting material has been prepared since March; in boxes with soil, sow the treated seeds with potassium permanganate or fungicide; to prevent fungal diseases, treat the ground with boiling water before planting; after planting, cover the boxes with foil and remove to a warm place until shoots appear; if the plantings are thickened, then a pick should be made after the appearance of 3 real leaves, planting the plants in separate containers; planting of seedlings to a permanent place is carried out at the end of May; medium-sized species are planted according to the scheme between rows and holes 30x30 cm
	Care Stages: remove weeds and loosen the soil after each watering; for lush flowering, you can feed the plantings with potash-phosphorus fertilizers; remove faded inflorescences to give the flower bed an aesthetic appearance; in the fall, after the plants freeze, clean the flower beds, using them from residues as fertilizer for the next plantings

Popular varieties

Marigold varieties with photo and name:

	Marigolds erect Description: the tallest species, reach a height of 120 cm; the inflorescence is mainly colored in one color; flower diameter 10-15 cm Varieties: Vanilla is a white-cream flower 70 cm high. The diameter of a double inflorescence is 12 cm; Kilimanjaro - 60-70 cm high. The spherical shape of dense double inflorescences is painted in light tones of white-yellow; Antigua is a low-growing variety, 25 cm high.The compact bushes have bright yellow spherical flowers 15 cm in diameter
	Marigolds are undersized, rejected Description: the height of compact bushes barely reaches 60 cm; are distinguished by abundant flowering of small flowers, no more than 8 cm in diameter ‘)); (w || (w = [])) && w.push ({id: b, block: ’14502’});}) (window, document, "mtzBlocks"); Varieties: Bonanza - 30 cm high, the bushes are decorated with small double inflorescences with a very rich color; Carmen - highly decorative double flowers consist of double and reed petals.The middle is yellow, the edges are bright brownish red; Discovery - small bushes 25-30 cm high are covered with rather large flowers of a rich color. These are real solar giants with double inflorescences of bright orange color.
	Marigolds are thin-leaved Description: outwardly different from the usual types; form a fragrant openwork leaf plate with a large number of small inflorescences; color of flowers from bright yellow, to orange, and even red Varieties: Ursula - orange-golden flowers adorn the globular bushes, resembling fireworks. The height of the bushes does not exceed 40 cm; Paprika - orange-red flowers on green caps, burn like stars. Looks very impressive on green lawns along the paths
	Perennial varieties Description: erect tall bushes 60-120 cm high; narrow green leaves and small-colored inflorescences, mostly yellow; the shape of the flowers is simple, 1.5 cm in diameter Varieties: Nelson's - tall bushes with a pleasant citrus aroma and a light hint of nutmeg. The flowers of the plant are used as a seasoning for fish and meat dishes; Lemmont - lemon flowers are chosen by butterflies for the pleasant aroma of a mixture of mint, citrus and camphor. Bush height 120 cm, grows in the north of Mexico
	Terry marigolds Description: Terry species are formed by a large number of reed and tubular flowers located on small bushes Varieties: Eskimo is a hybrid, 40 cm high, white marigolds 6-10 cm in diameter are similar to vanilla ice cream. Spherical flowers begin to bloom in July and adorn the flower bed until the very frost; Strawberry blond is a low-growing annual variety, up to 25 cm high, resembles a carnation in the shape of a flower. Flowers in the process of flowering change color from bright yellow to terracotta
	Chrysanthemum Description: inflorescences practically consist of tubular flowers, the variety is bred from erect marigolds Varieties: Taishan is a low-growing bush covered with large orange inflorescences. Flowers in diameter 60-80 mm
	Dwarf Description: this group includes all of the above. The height of the bush does not exceed 20 cm Varieties: Fight is an annual with a compact branched bush 15-20 cm high. The diameter of two-colored double inflorescences is 4-6 cm; Harmony - the inflorescence consists of a bright yellow center bordered with brown-red wavy petals