How to plant marigolds on seedlings and in open ground varieties with descriptions and photos

Lunar marigold planting time in 2020

Another tool for determining the correct dates is the Lunar Calendar (LK). According to him, it is recommended to plant marigolds on the growing moon.

In this case, the constellations should also be taken into account.

So, Cancer, Taurus and Pisces are considered the best helpers. And Aries and Leo, on the contrary, do not contribute to the development and growth of flowers.

The best days to land

According to the LC for 2020, the most successful landings will be made on the following days:

At this time, the Moon promotes the accelerated movement of internal juices in plant organisms, which is positively reflected in their growth and development.

Bad days

You should not plan planting work on such days:

Even if the seeds do sprout, the resulting plants will be stunted and painful. It is definitely not worth waiting for dense bushes with large flowers from marigolds planted these days.

How much to trust the lunar calendar

LK is, rather, an additional tool for calculating landing dates, despite the impressive number of its adherents. Yes, many growers are guided by the Moon, but the decisive factors are still the seeds (or rather, their quality) and the climate.

After all, one cannot but agree that no moon, growing or waning, can revive the moldy seeds. It will not protect prematurely planted flowers from night frosts.

Therefore, experienced growers proceed as follows: they choose a suitable time range that meets the requirements of the plants for the weather, then impose it on the LK. The days that coincide will be the best landing dates.

How to grow perennial marigolds

There are only two ways by which it is possible to successfully grow these magnificent, and at the same time, non-capricious flowers: by seedling and planting directly into the soil.

Seedling method

If you are planning to get the earliest flowers on your site, you can sow marigold seeds already in February, but in this case it is necessary to highlight the seedlings. Usually, planting of seed begins in March or early April, then in May you can get plants with buds or plants already starting to bloom.

For successful cultivation, you need to know about the following rules:

• The soil should be prepared from peat, humus, turf and sand. Mix all ingredients thoroughly. Put a drainage layer of sand, expanded clay or vermiculite in the planting containers on the bottom. Put the soil on top and moisten it well. After that, it is imperative to pour with a solution of potassium permanganate, this helps to destroy pathogenic bacteria.
• The seeds also require disinfection with manganese or a special preparation. Soaking them in solution for several hours can give them a boost of energy for their future life. Germination of planting material after disinfection should take place in warm water under a film cover. After the seeds have germinated, they are completely ready for planting.
• Make small grooves in the soil and place the germinated seeds in them. Cover with earth, and put the containers in a warm place, building a small greenhouse from a plastic bag. In literally three to four days, sprouts will appear above the soil surface.
• Air the mini greenhouse and water the seedlings so that there is no stagnant water. If the plantings are too dense, thin them out by removing some of the plants. Thus, those who remain will develop better and become stronger and healthier.

As a rule, marigolds germinate well, and you will get a fairly large number of plants. In May, when the frosts end and the soil warms up to a temperature of + 14 degrees to the depth of the palm, you can start planting flowers on the site.

When planting, the growth of flower bushes should be taken into account, therefore, the optimal distance between plants is 30X30 cm, for low-growing varieties it can be reduced to 20 cm in the aisle.

The soil in a flower bed or flowerpot must meet all the requirements, be fertile and loose, then your flowers will feel comfortable. During the growing season, it is necessary to periodically feed the plantings by applying mineral liquid fertilizer.

In total, there should be at least five dressings per season. Marigolds love watering, but they should not be waterlogged, root rot may occur. Flowers immediately react to a moisture deficit with drooping leaves and peduncles, therefore, in dry and hot weather, care should be taken to ensure that the soil is well and timely moistened.

Sowing seeds in open ground

Even the most inexperienced gardener can easily plant perennial marigolds in the ground. To begin with, you should buy planting material in the store and prepare the seeds for planting by soaking them for several hours in warm water, since after swelling, the sprouts will hatch and sprout faster.

The place where the flowers will be planted should be sunny and fertile. Seeding is carried out to a depth of 5 cm, and the distance between the seeds is at least 10 cm. If the flowers sprout often, they can be easily discharged and transplanted.

Caring for perennial marigolds comes down to the following activities: watering, loosening the soil and weeding.

Perennial marigolds are a real treasure of the garden, they delight the eye with their numerous inflorescences, help fight diseases and pests, and decorate the site.

Rules for preparing marigolds before planting

Like any ornamental plant, velvet flowers require the necessary attention. In order for marigolds to bloom for a long time and profusely, certain rules of preparation should be taken into account.

Whichever method you choose - by sowing seeds in open ground or through seedlings - you need to approach it responsibly.

The soil

Before planting, it is good to fertilize the land with mineral fertilizers.

It is important to remember:
it is better not to use fresh manure for these purposes.

It is good to include compost in the soil.

Choosing the time and place of boarding

Planting marigolds through seedlings will help speed up the flowering period. But for this period, the shoots must be prepared in advance.

Plant marigolds for seedlings in early spring... The most suitable time is March-April. Marigold seedlings are grown in boxes, cassettes.

The soil for seedlings is chosen similar to open ground. You can add mineral fertilizers and wood ash.

It is recommended to germinate the seed material of the selected variety before sowing. This will speed up the growth of the flowers.

For this, the seeds are kept in a damp cloth or piece of gauze in a warm room. They should hatch soon.

Seeds are planted at a short distance from each other. For the emergence of sprouts, warmth is needed, the temperature should be in the range of 22 - 25 degrees.

But after the emergence of shoots, the temperature must be reduced to 18 - 20 degrees. Seedlings dive when 2 - 3 leaves appear on them. In this case, the seedlings are deepened by 1 centimeter.

During active growth, the seedlings need regular watering, but at the same time, water should not accumulate in the pan.

It is also very important to conduct ventilation, otherwise there is a danger of black leg disease. Once a week, seedlings are fed with fertilizer

Why do I plant marigolds in the garden

Marigolds, lights, tagetes, marigolds, black shaves are the names of the same plant. Bright cute flowers can be found in almost every garden - mine will be no exception here.I choose marigolds for decorating the site, not only because of their decorative qualities, but also because of their amazing unpretentiousness.

Tagetes can be planted not only in flower beds, but also along paths and fences. If you decorate your garden with a creative approach, you can easily use velvet to create various mixborders and compositions, filling decorative pots. Do not forget about your home - lights will decorate your balcony.

Marigolds attract pollinating insects, so I often plant them near crops that need pollination to set fruit. The smell of lights is "not to your taste" and many pests, which is why I sow marigolds in the aisles as well.

Types and varieties of marigolds

There are many varieties of marigolds in culture, but three types of varieties are popular: erect marigolds (usually tall), rejected marigolds (undersized) and thin-leaved marigolds, which are less common in our latitudes. The varieties of these three species are very diverse: among them there are large-flowered and small-flowered marigolds, double and double marigolds in all shades of yellow, orange and brown.

Erect marigolds (Tagetes erecta)

Or African marigolds, are giants of the genus, their height is from 30 to 100 cm. Inflorescences, as a rule, are monophonic and double, reaching 15 cm in diameter. Among the most popular varieties are Vanilla marigolds 70 cm in height with creamy white double inflorescences 12 cm in diameter; Kilimanjaro marigolds with a height of 60-70 cm with densely double spherical inflorescences; Antigua marigolds, short, up to 25 cm in height, but erect, with large flowers - up to 15 cm in diameter, golden, lemon yellow, orange and bright yellow in color.

In the photo: Vanilla marigolds (Tagetes erecta)

In the photo: Yellow marigolds (Tagetes erecta)

In the photo: Kilimanjaro erect marigolds (Tagetes erecta)

Low-growing marigolds (Tagetes patula)

Either rejected marigolds, or French marigolds rarely grow above 60 cm. They are compact bushes with many double and non-double inflorescences, the diameter of which rarely exceeds 8 cm. These marigolds are also called spreading. The varieties of the Bonanza series with a height of up to 30 cm (Bonanza Bolero, Bonanza Orange, Bonanza Flame, etc.), which have a high decorative effect of terry inflorescences of bright flowers 5-6 cm in diameter and a long flowering period, are in demand among flower growers; Carmen marigolds are very beautiful, decorating the flower garden with double inflorescences with corrugated red-brown petals at the edges and orange-yellow in the middle of the shades.

In the photo: Low-growing marigolds (Tagetes patula Bonanza Flame)

In the photo: Low-growing marigolds (Tagetes patula Bonanza Yellow)

In the photo: Low-growing marigolds (Tagetes patula)

Fine-leaved marigolds (Tagetes tenuifolia)

Or Mexican marigolds are very different from all other species. Firstly, they have very beautiful lace-laced leaves, they seem to float in the air, exuding the most delicate aroma. Secondly, their small inflorescences are so numerous that they resemble fireworks of red-orange, golden-yellow and golden-orange lights. They have been cultivated since 1795. Today there are about 70 varieties. They grow no higher than 40 cm, have a powerful root system and adventitious roots on the lower part of the stems. Of greatest interest are the varieties Ursula (golden-orange inflorescences), Golden Jam, Gnome, Lulu (golden-yellow inflorescences), Paprika (red-orange inflorescences).

In the photo: Tagetes tenuifolia

In the photo: Tagetes tenuifolia

In the photo: Tagetes tenuifolia

Periwinkle: planting and care, growing from seeds

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Sowing seeds in open ground

Marigolds are excellent for sowing in open ground. Such specimens, although they begin to bloom later than those grown through seedlings, form strong bushes, are more resistant to unfavorable weather and retain their decorative properties longer.

Sowing marigolds is carried out in warm, well-ripened land, in mid or late April. With a prolonged cold spring, planting dates are postponed to early May.

If there is a lot of planting material, the seeds are sown densely in rows, after the appearance of two true leaves, the plants break through, leaving the best bushes. The distances in the row are the same as when growing through seedlings.

Types and varieties

Breeders have bred about 40 different varieties of this plant. However, progress does not stand still and it is quite possible that soon as many different subspecies may appear. Let's take the most beautiful varieties as an example.

Supra is a small variety of bright colors in all shades of yellow, from rich to lemon. The flowering time, like that of the entire marigold family, is from the first days of June to the first cold autumn. They have large inflorescences, similar fluffy caps, about 10 centimeters in diameter. They can grow in height up to 20 (rarely up to 30) centimeters. They are very hardy, tolerate small summer frosts better than sultry heat.

A species that, on the contrary, tolerates hot weather with little rainfall - Merigold Moonlight. It is also hardy and does not require constant care and monitoring. They reach a height of about 30 centimeters, sometimes taller. The diameter of a fully blossoming bud is about 8 centimeters. They are very fond of light, but they will not wither in partial shade.

The tallest species among the low-growing shrubs is the Orange Prince. Its sturdy stem can grow up to 60-70 centimeters. It is also a champion in "fluffiness" - the diameter of its inflorescence reaches 12 centimeters and has a very rich orange color (similar to that of an orange, but slightly darker).

A very delicate variety of low-growing marigolds - Vanilla. Like everyone else, it does not require attention and great effort for cultivation, it tolerates dry weather well, it is very light-loving, however (and this is the only condition for growing) it hardly tolerates cold and even the slightest frost. Average in height - reaches about 40 centimeters, inflorescences about 10 centimeters in diameter. It resembles vanilla ice cream or vanilla flowers in color.

One of the most unusual and beautiful varieties is Strawberry Blond. They belong to the category of rejected (French) marigolds. Their peculiarity lies in the fact that small inflorescences of different colors bloom on one bush.

It is believed that this type of annual flower was discovered not so long ago. Some people believe that the color of the buds changes in accordance with the air temperature in the room where the plant pot is located. That is, first inflorescences of darker shades open - from reddish-brown to dark yellow, and later the flowers seem to "fade" and bloom in cool pink and lemon tones. Low, in height can reach a maximum of 30 centimeters. The diameter of the inflorescence is about 5-6 centimeters.

The next variety is also characterized by the presence of several shades in the inflorescence. More precisely, two - red and yellow. This is the Mercedes variety, which belongs to the rejected subspecies. It grows to a maximum of 30 centimeters, blooms in small flowers with a diameter of about 4-5 centimeters. In the bud, it has two colors - a rich yellow central part (core) and a dark red or just red circle from the center to the edge of the petals.

Another two-color variety is Dune Gold. They belong to the upright (African) varieties. It grows in a small neat bush, which can reach about 30 centimeters in height. The buds are large, up to 10 centimeters in diameter, have two shades in their colors - thick yellow takes up most of the petals, but deep red illumination is visible in the depth. They are very fond of sunlight and warmth, but they do not react well to cold weather.

Description

Naturally, the description "grew up in my grandmother's flowerbed" can tell little about these plants. Marigolds are divided into two categories - perennial and annual (they bloom for only one season) and belong to the Asteraceae family (Compositae).These flowers look like a small shrub, as they tend to grow very violently.

In addition to the category dividing marigolds according to the life span of a flower, there is another one - this is a way of growth. So, the most often grown are considered erect (African), rejected (French, another less common name - "Patula" or "Patula") and thin-leaved (Mexican). The height of the flower also depends on this. The height of the rejected ones varies from 30 to 60 centimeters (depending on the care and climatic characteristics). The erect subspecies, as a rule, are taller - its size can reach almost 90 centimeters.

Another name that these flowers received (it is also scientific) is tagetes (from Latin tagetes). They received this name in honor of the Etruscan demigod Tages, who was the grandson of the god Jupiter and brought as a gift to people the ability to predict, predict the will of the gods and guess. After all that Tages was able to be learned by people, he died, or, according to legend, turned to stone. Such variants of names as black shavers and marigold are also common.

Marigolds grow almost by themselves, requiring only minimal care, but they do it incredibly beautifully. One of the features of this plant is an unobtrusive but strong aroma, which flowers begin to exude a few days before flowering, since it is not the buds that smell, but the leaves of marigolds.

Takka care at home

Illumination

This plant grows well in shaded areas. It should be protected from direct sunlight. Recommended to be placed on an East or West orientation.

Temperature regime

Due to the fact that this plant is tropical, it must be provided with an appropriate temperature regime. In summer, the temperature in the room should be between 18 and 30 degrees. From the beginning of the autumn period, the temperature should be gradually reduced to 20 degrees and try to maintain it at this level throughout the winter and spring. The room where the takka is located should not be colder than 18 degrees. Fresh air has a beneficial effect on this plant, but when ventilating the room, do not forget to protect it from the effects of drafts.

Humidity

The flower requires high air humidity, while it should be borne in mind that it reacts extremely negatively to dry air. The plant should be regularly humidified from a sprayer, and household humidifiers should be installed in the room. The pot should be placed on a wide pallet, into which expanded clay or moss should first be poured and a little water should be poured. It is also recommended to regularly arrange "steam baths" at night. For this, the flower is left in a room filled with steam for the whole night.

How to water

Water should be abundant on hot summer days. It is recommended to do this immediately after the top layer of the substrate dries out a little. With the onset of the autumn period, watering should be reduced to moderate. In winter, it is necessary to water the flower only after the substrate dries out to a third of the height of the container. Make sure that there is no overdrying or waterlogging of the soil. It is recommended to water the takka with soft, well-settled water, which should not be cold.

Earth mixture

Suitable soil for planting should be loose and breathable very well. Also, for planting, it is quite possible to use a commercial potting soil mixture intended for orchids. You can make a suitable soil mixture with your own hands, for this it is necessary to combine sod and leafy soil, as well as sand and peat, which should be taken in a ratio of 1: 2: 1: 2.

Top dressing

Top dressing should be carried out from the beginning of the spring to the middle of the autumn period. Fertilizers should be applied to the soil regularly 2 times a month. Takka cannot be fertilized in winter.For feeding, it is recommended to use ordinary flower fertilizers, but you should take ½ part of the dose that is recommended on the package.

Transplant features

A transplant of such a plant is carried out only if absolutely necessary. It is recommended to carry out such a procedure in the spring, when the roots are fully strengthened after wintering. A new pot should be taken slightly larger than the previous one. Otherwise, there is a high probability of flooding the plant. Before planting, a drainage layer must be made at the bottom of the pot.

Reproduction methods

This plant is propagated, as a rule, by seeds, as well as by dividing the rhizome.

Before proceeding to the division of the rhizome, it is necessary to carefully cut off the part of the plant that rises above the soil surface. Then you need to divide the rhizome into several parts, using a very sharp knife for this. Places of cuts need to be processed with crushed charcoal, and then leave the cuttings for 24 in the open air to dry. Planting pots should be chosen that will match the size of the division, and they should be filled with light soil.

Before proceeding with the direct sowing, you need to prepare the seeds. Seeds should be placed in warm water (about 50 degrees) and left there for a day. For sowing, a loose substrate is used, and the seeds are buried by 1 centimeter. In order to maintain high humidity, the container must be covered with foil or glass on top. In order for seedlings to appear faster, it is necessary to maintain the temperature of the substrate at a level of at least 30 degrees. As a rule, seedlings appear after 1-9 months from the date of sowing.

Diseases and pests

Most often, a spider mite settles on a plant. If such a pest is found, it is recommended to treat the takka with an acaricidal agent. If you water the flower too much, rot may appear on it.

Agricultural technology of cultivation

Tagetes is unpretentious, grows and blooms in almost any conditions, but with good care, the bushes look much more decorative. It is grown in two ways - seedling and sowing seeds in the ground.

A seedless way of growing marigolds

Marigolds are grown by sowing seeds in the ground at different times:

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1. Before winter, after the onset of a stable minus. Ridges are formed in advance, grooves are made and a little earth is stored in a warm place. The seeds are sown in dry soil and sprinkled with the stored soil. From above, mulch with rotted sawdust, compost, leaf litter. In the spring, when the last frost has passed, the mulch is raked so that the soil warms up faster.
2. In the spring, in mid-April - early May, marigolds are sown on insulated ridges or greenhouses. After sowing, the grooves are shed with warm water.

In early - mid-May, tagetes are sown directly into the ground to a permanent place. The emerging seedlings are thinned out, leaving at least 10 cm between the plants. When several true leaves appear on the seedlings, they are planted at a distance of 30–40 cm.

How to grow marigold seedlings in a greenhouse

Marigolds from seeds are successfully grown in a greenhouse. Landing dates begin when forecasters no longer promise a decrease in night temperatures below –1 –3 ° С. The soil in the greenhouse thaws quickly already in the first warm April days.

Seedlings appear in a week. Caring for marigold seedlings consists in regular watering with warm water, loosening and weeding. If the soil has been prepared in advance, young plants do not need separate feeding. If necessary (weak growth, yellowing of leaves) foliar spraying is carried out with 1–3% urea solution. By mid-May, the seedlings are ready for transplanting into open ground.

How to grow marigold seedlings at home

The soil for sowing marigolds is prepared in the following proportions:

• 1 part compost;
• 1 part peat;
• 1 part of garden land;
• 0.5 parts of sand.

A drainage layer is poured onto the bottom of the tank - broken brick, expanded clay, coarse sand. Then - the prepared soil mixture. It is lightly compacted and watered. A drug against fungal diseases can be added to the water for irrigation, since Tagetes seedlings often suffer from black legs. A few days later, when the earth settles and is evenly saturated with moisture, grooves are made and marigold seeds are laid in them.

Sprinkle with earth on top and moisten a little more. The pots are covered with glass or foil and placed in a warm, bright place. The cover is regularly removed for ventilation. After the first shoots appear, the film is removed and the containers are moved to a sunny place. Water very sparingly until the seedlings develop their first true leaves to prevent blackleg disease.

Planting seedlings in open ground

The optimal distance between plants when planting marigold seedlings in open ground is 0.4–0.5 m for upright varieties. Low-growing ones can be planted a little more often. The place should be sunny, without stagnant air.

Plants are transplanted together with a clod of earth. Before planting, marigolds should be watered so that the roots do not dry out during transplantation. It is advisable to prepare a place for the future flower bed in the fall - to add phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, ash and dig it up. When planting seedlings in the ground, compost, urea or saltpeter are added under each root. But you should not be zealous with nitrogen, so that the plants do not grow fat, that is, they do not increase the green mass to the detriment of flowering. Spraying with a solution of micronutrient fertilizers for flowers will be of great benefit to velvet flowers. This is done after the plants have taken root, started growing and began to pick up buds.

Outdoor Tagetes care

Marigolds are moisture-loving, but they do not like long stagnation of water. Therefore, watering should be moderate. After watering, the ground must be loosened. For abundant flowering, the flowers are fed several times per season with infusion of mullein or liquid fertilizer from nettle and other weeds.

Diseases, treatment and prevention

Due to the content of phytoncides, marigolds are less susceptible to diseases than other crops. However, unsuitable conditions for them can cause gray rot disease and an invasion of spider mites. Specimens that are sick with rot are destroyed, in healthy ones, watering is reduced, and they are sprayed with anti-fungal drugs. From spider mites, tagetes are treated with infusion of garlic, wormwood, red pepper or tobacco dust. In case of severe damage, the plants are sprayed with solutions of the preparations "Actellik", "Fufanon", "Antiklesh", "Fitoverm".