Pests and diseases of arabis
The plant is resistant to most common diseases, but in some cases it is affected by a viral mosaic. Lightened spots of a green or white tint appear on the leaves of an infected plant.
More Arabis is quite rare
The main defense against the virus is prevention: disinfection of the instrument with which the pruning is carried out. Fight against insects that carry the virus. If the bushes are infected with a virus, it will no longer be possible to save them, and then the arabis is uprooted and burned, the planting site is treated with Fitosporin or spilled with a strong solution of potassium permanganate.
When the soil is waterlogged, the plant gets sick with root rot. In this case, the shoots begin to wither and dry out. Arabis needs to be dug, rotted roots removed, and the soil in the hole replaced. The roots must be washed with a pink solution of potassium permanganate or Fitosporin and planted in a prepared hole.
Of the insect pests, Arabis is often attacked by the cruciferous flea. The plant can be protected from it by powdering with wood ash. Processing is carried out in the early morning, when dew is on the leaves, or after watering. If there are a lot of insect raids, Arabis is sprayed with an insecticide.
Reproduction
Arabis is propagated by seeds, which are sown in the ground in autumn or spring. Seedlings will bloom only in the second year.
Varietal specimens are best propagated vegetatively. Curtains are divided in two ways:
- at the first, the bush is completely dug up and divided into the required number of divisions;
- in the second, the uterine specimen is not dug out, but only the desired part is separated from it.
The transplantation procedure is carried out in August-September or early spring, planting bushes 30 cm from one another.
Arabis can be propagated by cuttings in the spring. To do this, take the apical part of the shoot 10 cm long, remove the lower 2-3 leaves and plant them in a loose sandy substrate. Landings must be shaded and watered regularly. In this way, rooting occurs after about 3 weeks.
Good rooting is used when the plant propagates by layering. The tip of the shoot is pinched, and the long stem is fixed on a moistened soil surface. A month later, when a full-fledged root system is formed, the new plant is carefully cut off and transplanted to the planned place.
Arabis Caucasian will especially decorate your site in June, they cover the retaining walls, it is planted in rocky gardens and on the alpine slides, with its help, ridges and borders are drawn up.
Curtains look great next to flowering bulbs, harmoniously combined with daisies, shaved, carpet phlox and other flowering spring crops. In addition, Arabis is a good honey plant, attracting a huge variety of pollinator insects and bees to the garden.
Bees will also love the Moorish lawn, but read about that in the next article.
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Reproduction of rezuha by division and cuttings
The bushes are divided and planted in the spring and in autumn after flowering
They choose a well-grown bush, dig it out and carefully, trying not to damage the roots, use a sharp knife to divide it into 3 - 4 equal parts, so that each one has healthy roots and growth points. The seedlings are buried in the planting holes
The distance between them should be 30 - 40 cm.
Cutting is carried out with mid-May to early June... To do this, cuttings 10 cm long are cut from an adult plant.Leaves are removed from their lower part and placed in sandy soil at an angle
The cuttings are sprayed daily and watered gently. The root system of cuttings will develop within 3 weeks
After that, they can be seated in a permanent place.
Outdoor care for Arabis
It is not difficult to grow Arabis from seeds, the plant is very hardy and tolerates drought well, but excessive watering is harmful. Therefore, in the rainy season, the plant is rarely watered so as not to provoke disease.
The only drawback in cultivation can be called frequent weeding. The plant does not tolerate the neighborhood with weeds, they can muffle the growth of shoots. Regular loosening of the soil and removal of weeds is essential for the normal growth of the bush. As soon as the young seedlings get stronger, the weeds will no longer be able to break through the dense carpet.
Watering
Arabis has a well-developed root system that can extract moisture deep in the soil. Therefore, it is drought tolerant. Excessive moisture can lead to root rot. It is optimal to water adult specimens once a week, and young plants more often.
Winter hardiness
The plant is resistant to frost down to -5 ° C. In harsher winters, he needs shelter. With the onset of autumn, when the arabis has faded, its shoots are cut off, leaving no more than 2-3 cm on the soil. Then they are insulated with spruce branches, covering material or dry leaves. You can build a small frame and cover it with agrofibre.
Top dressing
Fertilizers are usually applied in the spring before flowering. For adult specimens of Arabis, one feeding per season is enough. A complex mineral composition is suitable, and humus can be used from organic matter.
Bloom
Arabis blooms for a month in spring or summer, depending on the species. The Alpine variety blooms in April, and the Caucasian variety blooms in June, but individual flowers on it can appear all season.
Pruning
Arabis grows quickly and needs pruning. With her, strongly overgrown branches are removed. So it will look compact and not drown out the plants planted nearby. In addition, it will improve flowering in the next season.
Transfer
The plant is transplanted every 4 years. The procedure can be combined with division. If Arabis grows as a ground cover plant, you can simply rejuvenate it. For this, a mixture of sand, humus and loosening additives is used. She falls asleep on the exposed areas of the carpet.
Caring for Arabis in the garden
How to grow Arabis
Cultivation of Arabis includes simple and familiar procedures - watering, feeding, weeding, pruning, loosening the soil and protecting against pests and diseases, if such a threat arises. Rezuka is drought-resistant and tolerates the absence of moisture more easily than its excess, therefore you need to water it exclusively during periods of prolonged drought and heat, but even then it must be done, observing the measure.
Caring for Arabis involves weeding it frequently, at least until the crusher is so strong that the weeds will not have a chance to develop near it. It is necessary to regularly prune the fast-growing shoots of arabis, maintaining the shape of the bush. To extend the flowering period of arabis, you need to remove wilted flowers.
Reproduction of Arabis
Arabis propagates not only by seeds, but also by cuttings, layering and dividing the bush. We have already told you about the seed method by which mainly species arabis are propagated. Rare or terry varieties of arabis propagate by cuttings. As a cutting, you can use a razuha leaf with a heel - part of the cambial layer, which will give the roots. To get such a stalk, you do not need to cut the leaf, but tear it off with a guy, separating, together with the leaf, a part of the bark of the stem with the subcortex pulp. This is done after the cesspool has faded.
You can also use the top of the shoot as cuttings - a segment about 10 cm long, from which the lower leaves are removed. The cuttings are planted at an angle in a loose substrate, after which they cover the container with a transparent cap and place the greenhouse in a bright, but not sunny place.Keep the substrate slightly damp, let the cuttings breathe daily and remove condensation from the hood. As soon as the upper leaves restore turgor, and this can happen in three weeks, you can prepare for transplanting cuttings into open ground.
In order to get a layering of arabis, bend its shoot to the ground and attach it in the area of the leaf node to the soil, and pinch the top. When the leaf node grows roots in the soil, separate the layers and plant them.
The division of the bush is resorted to when propagating a particularly valuable or terry variety. The bush is dug up, divided into parts and planted. It is best to do this after the arabis has faded.
Arabis transplant
Actually, you can divide the Arabis bush without digging out the plant, but simply pinning its shoots to the ground, wait until they take root in the leaf nodes, then separate the layers from the mother plant, divide them into segments according to the number of root bundles and transplant to a new one a place.
Pests and diseases of arabis
Sufficiently resistant to harmful insects and diseases, Arabis sometimes suffers from a viral mosaic and the eternal pest of cabbage crops of the cruciferous flea. Symptoms of the viral mosaic look like small brown spots on the leaves that gradually increase in size and eventually merge with each other. The mosaic is incurable, so the diseased specimen must be immediately removed and burned, and the soil in which it grew must be spilled with a strong solution of potassium permanganate and nothing must be grown in this place for at least a year.
As for the cruciferous flea, you should not waste time on laborious dusting of arabis with wood ash, it is better to immediately treat the site with Aktellik, Aktara, Biotlin, Karbofos or Iskra.
Types and varieties
Arabis is considered one of the most unusual plants that can be used to design original flower gardens in a modern style. To create a gorgeous composition of these flowers, you should know the rules for their planting and reproduction and take into account varietal characteristics. Most often, flower growers choose the following types of cuttings for planting.
Alpine Arabis. This is an evergreen perennial crop (its height is 35 cm) with a generative type of stems - they are too branchy. Compared to other perennials, Arabis flaviflora does not completely die off (“fall asleep”) for the winter. The foliage of the plant is oval, drooping, on the stems it has an arrow-shaped shape. At the end of April, light buds appear on the mini-shrub, they are combined into tiny inflorescences that remain open for one month.
As for the common varieties of arabis, they include the following.
"Ferdinand of Coburg". It is a semi-shrub 5 cm high. It is widely spread among gardeners due to its long flowering, during which it pleases with delicate pink, white and yellow flowers. Planting this variety in summer cottages, you need to take care of good drainage - it will provide the plant with high resistance to sudden temperature changes.
Alpine Arabis
found in the Far East, Polar Urals, North Scandinavia, North America, Western Europe.
Perennial 30 cm tall. In Alpine Arabis, generative shoots are ascending, and vegetative ones are branched, pressed to the soil, forming cushion-like clumps that do not die off for the winter period.
The basal foliage of the Alpine Arabis is oval, and the stem foliage is heart-arrow-shaped, gray. The flowers are pink, white, fragrant. Flowering occurs at the end of April and lasts about 25 days.
It has a double variety, almost no different from the original shape, but the inflorescences are much larger. Flowers 2 cm in diameter. This variety blooms in May.
Arabis Caucasian
Grows in the Crimea and Asia Minor.
Perennial that grows up to 30 cm tall during its flowering. Lying shoots take root with ease.
The leaves are oblong, gray-green, small, large-toothed along the edge.In warm winters, the foliage of vegetative shoots of Caucasian Arabis winters.
Has forms and varieties. For example: ‘Schneehaube’ - with white flowers; 'Rosabella' with pink flowers.
The homeland is the mountains of Turkey.
For the winter needs a dry shelter. The seeds are sown in the spring. The plant is divided in the fall, and propagated by cuttings in the summer.
The mountains of California are considered homeland.
Perennial 8 cm tall. The leaves of this arabis are gray-green and the flowers are pink. In culture, varieties are common. ‘Fruhlingszauber’ - with small leaves and pink flowers; ‘Rote Sensation’ - with pink flowers, more elongated foliage.
Grows in Bulgaria.
Perennial semi-evergreen 5 cm tall and bush 30 cm dia. Prized for its lush bloom, white flowers. In addition, it has green foliage with white edging. There are also forms with a pinkish edging. Loves poor, drained, but not overly dry soil. Prefers light partial shade.
Types and varieties of arabis
In culture, the following types of arabis are most often grown:
Alpine Arabis (Arabis alpina = Arabis flaviflora)
It grows in the Far East, in the north of Scandinavia, in the Polar Urals, in the highlands of North America and Western Europe. This is a perennial Arabis, a plant reaching a height of 35 cm, with ascending generative shoots and very branched whip-like vegetative shoots pressed to the ground that do not die off in winter and form clumps in the form of pillows. Basal leaves of Alpine Arabis are oval, and stem leaves are arrow-heart-shaped. Fragrant pink or white flowers up to 1 cm in diameter, forming racemose inflorescences up to 5 cm long, open in April and bloom for about a month.
Alpine arabis has such garden forms:
- schneeshaube - plants no more than 25 cm high with white flowers up to 2 cm in diameter, collected in a brush up to 15 cm long;
- terry - different from the original species in larger inflorescences, similar to levkoi;
- pink - arabis up to 20 cm high with pink flowers up to 2 cm in diameter in inflorescences up to 12 cm long.
Planting Alpine Arabis and caring for it were the basis of the article.
Arabis bryoides
Originally from the subalpine and alpine belt of the mountainous regions of Albania, Greece and Bulgaria. It is a cushion-shaped perennial up to 10 cm high with small, oval, ciliate leaves covered with a felt downy, collected in rosettes, and white flowers, which, in an amount of 3 to 6 pieces, form loose corymbose inflorescences;
Arabis Caucasica
Some scientists consider it a subspecies of Alpine Arabis. It grows in the Caucasus, Crimea, the Mediterranean, Central and Asia Minor. At the time of flowering, this perennial reaches a height of 30 cm. The leaves of the Caucasian Arabis are small, gray-green from dense white pubescence, oblong, with large teeth along the edges. White flowers up to 1.5 cm in racemose inflorescences up to 8 cm long bloom for a month from the beginning of June. But individual flowers can appear on the plant until autumn. The fruit of the plant is a long, narrow cone. In culture, the species has been since 1800. There are such garden forms of Caucasian Arabis:
- flora-pleno - a plant that blooms profusely with double white flowers on long peduncles;
- variegata - a variety with yellowish leaves at the edges;
- rosabella is a variety with pink flowers.
Arabis running out (Arabis procurrens)
In the wild, it is found in the Balkans. This is a ground cover plant up to 12 cm high with small rosettes of leaves and faded flowers. Most often, the plant is used to anchor sliding slopes. Arabis running out is unpretentious and frost-resistant, but it is still advisable to cover it for the winter. The most famous variety - Variegata, with green leaves with a wide white border and a bunch of purple flowers that gradually turn white;
Arabis undersized (Arabis pumila)
In nature, it grows in the Apennines and the Alps. It grows up to 15 cm.Its white, nondescript flowers that have no decorative value open in May or June. The fruits of stunted arabis are attractive - because of them it is grown in culture;
Arabis androsacea
It grows on the rocky slopes of Turkey at an altitude of 2300 m. It is a perennial 5-10 cm high with small oval pointed leaves, collected in rosettes, and white flowers in loose shields;
Arabis ciliate (Arabis blepharophylla)
Growing in the California mountains at an altitude of 500 m, it is a ground cover perennial up to 8 cm with a bush diameter of about 25 cm. The leaves are gray-green, and the flowers are dark pink. In culture, varieties are most often grown:
- Route Sensation is a plant with elongated leaves and bright pink flowers;
- Frühlingshaber is a variety with small leaves and pink flowers.
Arabis ferdinandi-coburgii "Variegata"
Semi-evergreen plant with a height of no more than 5 cm and a bush diameter of about 30 cm. This arabis is prized for its abundant and long flowering. It has attractive, light green leaves with white, yellow or pinkish edging and white flowers. Wide pillows of leaf rosettes look spectacular. With good drainage, this plant can tolerate cold temperatures.
Anemones: growing from seeds in the garden
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Reproduction methods
From seeds, the plant is germinated directly in the open field and through seedlings.
Arabis Alpine: growing from seeds
A mini greenhouse is the best conditions created specifically to increase germination rates. The planting container is filled with black soil mixed with sand, the seeds are placed, and covered with a film. In the room in which it will stand, you need to maintain an air temperature of +20.
Arabis seedlings to grow
After the appearance of the second leaf, the seedlings should be taken out to the balcony or a window should be opened if the planting container is on the windowsill. This should be done for 20-30 minutes every day, gradually increasing the time interval. A week before transplanting, mineral fertilizers are applied to strengthen the plant's immunity. Flowers are transplanted after the appearance of the third true leaf.
Important! The last time arabis - perennial is watered 4 days before moving to its natural environment. In this case, all the bushes will take root on the flower bed, they will not freeze, the new microclimate will not adversely affect them
This also applies to arabis caucasica and arabis bryoides, as well as other species
In this case, all the bushes will take root on the flower bed, they will not freeze, the new microclimate will not adversely affect them. This also applies to arabis caucasica and arabis bryoides, as well as other species.
Cultivars with double buds do not produce seeds, therefore the cuttings method is used. The branches are cut for rooting when the mother plant has bloomed. Germinate by placing in a container with soil. You need to choose those whose length is at least 10 cm.
In addition to the seed method and cuttings, the layering method is often used:
- you will need a transparent plastic container, 5-7 cm deep;
- in its walls, you need to make two holes opposite each other;
- fill the earth with the bottom;
- put the container on one of the branches of an adult flower;
- put it on the ground gently, press it with a stone or something else.
After a couple of weeks, roots will appear in the part that turned out to be in the container with the earth. You should choose branches with woody bark, brown color, the middle part of the shoot.
The division method is also used. Plants that are at least 3 years old are suitable. They are dug up, carefully cut in half and seated. It is advisable to sprinkle the cut site with ash or activated carbon. It is also necessary to hide them from direct sunlight for 2-3 days by building a small canopy of boards, rods and fabric - any materials at hand.
Important! Experts recommend growing Alpine Arabis from seed.Only thanks to this it is possible to guarantee the safety of some unstable varietal traits, their inheritance
Care features
Young plants need loosening and regular weeding. Growing up, Arabis grows strongly and no longer needs weeding. Lateral lodging shoots of the plant are able to easily root in the ground. Due to this, Arabis quickly takes up the space allotted to it, and begins to make its way to neighboring areas.
Therefore, plant growth must be controlled by pruning overgrown shoots. In addition, pruning promotes abundant flowering.
Arabis Caucasian is a drought-resistant plant and does not tolerate stagnant moisture in the soil. However, long-term overdrying of the earth is not desirable for him.
If it rains regularly, you don't have to worry about watering.
The plant does not need constant feeding. You just need to feed it with any mineral fertilizer before flowering.
During the whole season, faded inflorescences must be removed in order to preserve the decorative effect of the bush and prolong flowering. The plant grows in one place for a long time and begins to age. Therefore, sometimes it needs to be updated.
To do this, sprinkle the bare areas of the shoots with a mixture equal parts humus and sand. New roots and fresh young shoots will appear soon.
For the winter, Arabis is cut off, leaving about 4 cm of shoots. To protect against possible severe frosts, the bushes are sprinkled with sawdust or needles. An important advantage of the plant is its disease resistance. Pests also bypass him.
2.Description - how it looks
Arabis or rezuha is a compact herbaceous perennial plant - a relative of all known cabbage and radish. By its appearance, the flower just resembles these plants a little.
Bushes with a small, fibrous root system and root rosette of leaves.
The leaf blades are oblong-lanceolate, whole-edged or with small denticles, on short petioles. In many varieties, the surface of the leaves has a rich light pubescence, in others the leaves are glossy, green.
During the flowering period, plants form tall shoots with small, sessile, alternately arranged leaves. The higher such a leaf is located, the smaller its size. If the stems are bent to the surface of the ground, they easily form roots upon contact with it.
On the tops of the shoots are branched peduncles with small inflorescences - umbrellas. The flowers are white, pink or lilac, with 4 rounded petals and a honey aroma.
There are varieties with double flowers up to 1.5 cm in diameter. After flowering, oblong pods with fairly large, brown, flat seeds appear on the bushes.
Height. Plants reach a height of 20 - 30 cm.
Arabis: varieties and varieties
A low ground cover plant up to 30 cm high is an ideal solution for decorating a garden plot, arboretum, rockery and rock garden. The uniqueness of arabis lies in the composition of bright emerald greenery and pinkish, cream, lilac or even snow-white inflorescences, which are abundantly strewn with the plant. Neither climate features nor temperature changes affect the evergreen color, and the snow cover reliably protects the bushes in severe frosts.
Arabis will be a wonderful decoration for any landscape composition.
The culture owes its extraordinary name to unique natural properties: the leaves of some varieties of arabis are covered with hard hairs, from touching which you can accidentally injure your hands. Today this mountain plant is called a sunbeam. Agree, this name not only sounds more pleasant, but also fully corresponds to the fragrant floral carpet.
Breeders have bred about 200 varieties of culture, of which more than 100 are hybrid species of unusual scenic beauty, which are very popular among gardeners. Among them, one cannot fail to note the leaders - Caucasian Arabis and Alpine.
The mountain culture of the Caucasian Arabis has a super-powerful root system: it is able to penetrate into crevices in the mountains and quickly take root in them. Emerald bushes grow in height only 15 cm, but in length they can "creep" up to 30-40 cm. Arabis blooms intensively under the warm May rays of the sun, endowing gardeners with the most delicate aroma and small scattering of pinkish and white flowers. It grows well both in the wild and on personal plots and greenhouses.
Caucasian Arabis
Alpine Arabis is an unusually fragrant shrub covered with many tassels of white and pinkish color. The active flowering time falls in mid-April. Modestly peeping out from under mountain cracks and between stones, the plant reaches a height of only 18-20 cm.
Alpine Arabis
In addition to these varieties, there is also a bryophyte arabis, which runs out (grows in the Balkans), ciliate-leaved, breakthrough and other no less colorful mountain plants.
Arabis mossy
Bushes bloom most often in May, very abundantly and very long - 20-30 days. Charming racemose inflorescences combine many simple and double flowers of lemon, purple and pinkish color. The plant bears fruit in pods, inside which are collected brown seeds.
Arabis ciliate
Arabis Caucasian: description with photos and videos of popular varieties
Caucasian rezuha bushes are miniature, but with their help you can create unique compositions that adorn rockeries and flower beds.
The bushes are of small stature and only during flowering their growth is 30 cm due to the inflorescences, which almost completely overlap the bush itself. As a result of artificial breeding, species with different colors of petals appeared:
- pink;
- yellow;
- white and yellow;
- terry forms of various shades.
All the beauty of the inflorescences of Caucasian Arabis can be seen in the photo:
Arabis Caucasian has many varieties with different colors of flowers. Here are the main species that can be found in the flower beds of our florists.
Alpine Arabis (A. alpina L. = Arabis flaviflora Bunge)
The native land of the species is considered to be the North of Russia and Northern Scandinavia. The perennial grows up to 35 cm in height with highly branching ascending shoots, with the help of which the thickets of the plant are formed. Grayish leaf plates are oval in shape. It blooms with white or pink flowers, depending on the subspecies. The diameter of a fully open bud is 1 cm, but the flowers completely cover the bush, so that no leaves are visible. The flowering period is May. Has varieties.
Schneehaube
"Schneehaube" f. Schneehaube is a garden species, the height of the bush is 10-25 cm. The flowers are white, up to 2 cm in diameter.
Caucasian mossy rezuha (Arabis bryoides Boiss)
The native land of the species is Yugoslavia and Greece. A perennial plant grows with a pillow no more than 7 cm high. Leaf plates with a velvety oval surface are collected in rosettes. Flowering begins in April with small white flowers. Prefers a lot of sun and poor soil.
Arabis Caucasian Little Treasure Deep Rose
The perennial plant has a fast growth and is often used in demand in the design of flower beds and flower beds. The height of an adult plant is only 15 cm. Flowering occurs in early June with small bright pink flowers. Absolute frost resistance, but at the latitude of MO in a snowless winter requires shelter, for example, spruce branches.
Arabis running out (Arabis procurrens Waldst. & Kit.)
A native of the Balkans. A perennial ground cover with a height of 11 cm. Absolutely not whimsical plant grows on any soil, does not require watering, but flowering at the beginning of summer passes with nondescript flowers.
Arabis ciliate (Arabis blepharophylla Hook. & Arn.)
The mountains of California are considered to be the place of origin of the species. There it grows in the mountains at an altitude of 500 meters above sea level. The diameter of the carpet can reach 25 cm. The height of the bush is only 8 cm. The leaf mass is gray-green, against which bright pink flowers bloom in spring.The species requires shelter for the winter period, even in central Russia.
Arabis Caucasian Snowfix, Composites on videos:
