Planting marigolds in open ground: terms and rules
Probably, any florist and gardener will agree that planting seedlings is a long-awaited moment for growing marigolds from seeds at home, because this means that the whole event was successful and soon it will be possible to enjoy flowering.
Hardening
It is highly recommended to harden the Tagetes seedlings about 2 weeks before the event. The preparatory event will help the plants to transfer the transplant more easily, help to take root faster, and make the velvet seedlings more resistant to external influences and conditions.
To harden the seedlings, you should first open the window in the room for several hours (about 3 days), and then directly take it out into the fresh air - on the street or balcony. But you need to start small! First, take it out for 20-30 minutes, and then every day, gradually, increase the time spent
It is also important to first put in the shade or partial shade, and then gradually bring the plants out in the sun.
Disembarkation dates
As with sowing, when choosing the timing of transplanting seedlings into open ground, it is important to focus on the climatic characteristics of different regions:
- in the southern regions, seedlings can be planted in a permanent place in the garden at the end of April and at the beginning of May;
- in the Volga region and the Middle zone (Moscow region) - in the second half of May;
- in the Urals, in Siberia, in the Leningrad region - it is better to transplant tagetes in early or mid-June.
Site and soil selection
Tagetes is an unpretentious flower, however, he also has preferences that must be taken into account when choosing a place for planting seedlings in a country house or a plot of a private house.
The best option for growing marigolds in the garden is a sunny place. Although it is possible in partial shade, the flowering in this case will be less bright.
The soil in the flower garden should be loose, have good air and water permeability.
If the soil in your garden is too heavy, clayey, then it is recommended to prepare the land on the site - dig it up together with peat and river sand, and then level it with a rake. This will make it more usable.
And if your site has poor soil, it is recommended at the beginning of the season to apply mineral complex fertilizer in the future flower bed, for example, Nitroammofosk.
By the way, plants can be transplanted both on a garden bed for single cultivation, and for group plantings with other flowers in a flower bed. Also velvet gloves look beautiful in balcony pots, flower pots.
An interesting combination of marigolds with other flowers: lobelia, asters, calendula, phlox, dahlias, zinnias, petunias.
Disembarkation scheme
Marigold seedlings tolerate transplantation very well. You need to plant as follows:
- Water the plants two hours before the procedure.
- Make holes in the selected area, the distance between them is 20-30 centimeters (if you want a dense planting, then reduce the gap to 15 cm), the size of the holes is slightly larger than the container with the seedling.
- Now you should carefully remove the plant along with an earthen lump and transplant it into the hole using the transfer method.
- Cover the hole with earth and compact slightly.
- After planting, water the flower bed.
- Cover the planting site with, for example, sawdust, peat. The thickness of the mulch is about 5 cm.
Outdoor plant care
Marigolds are unpretentious and do not require any enhanced and reverent care. But at the same time, their needs cannot be completely ignored. In order for the plants to adapt faster and better after planting in open ground, and then grow well and bloom luxuriantly, it is worth taking proper care of the marigolds in the flower garden:
- The first few weeks after planting, you need to regularly water the tagetes for quick rooting and adaptation. Do not allow the soil to dry out.
- Then you need to water as needed, that is, when the soil dries up. In hot and dry weather, this should be done a little more often.
- When the flowers appear, you need to slightly reduce the watering of the marigolds, because the flower stalks are prone to rotting when over-watered. But at the same time, the earth must not be allowed to dry out, which is also dangerous! In general, maintain moderate humidity.
- Loosen after every watering or rain.
- Do not let the weeds grow, as soon as they appear, eliminate the weed along with the root.
- It is necessary to remove faded peduncles. Manipulation will allow you to get more lush and long flowering.
Planting and growing Tagetes seedlings from seeds at home is not difficult, but it is required from you to comply with all the rules, accuracy and patience. I wish you a lush, beautiful and mesmerizing flowering of black-haired people in the country or on the site of a private house!
How to sow seedlings?
To properly plant a tricolor violet at home, you need to be guided by simple planting rules. According to the generally accepted technology, tricolor violets are planted for seedlings in low containers or plastic bowls.
Before pouring soil into them, the containers are treated with Fitosporin or a 1% solution of potassium permanganate. To prevent seedlings from rotting from excess water, it is necessary to ensure the outflow of liquid. To do this, a drainage layer is placed on the bottom of the container, and a prepared and disinfected substrate is poured on top of it.
There is no need to soften and unnecessarily compact the soil, as this can interfere with the formation of the root system of the seedlings. Tricolor violet seeds are planted superficially, they are not buried in the ground. The seeds are sown, trying to do it evenly, otherwise, during germination, they will interfere with each other's development. Next, they are moistened from above with water at room temperature, spraying the ground from a fine water spray.
Thanks to this moisture, the seeds will be attracted to the ground and will be able to germinate. After "watering" the container with the planted seeds is covered with plastic wrap or glass and removed for germination in a warm place. It will be possible to bring it into the world after the friendly shoots appear. However, in order to prevent decay of seedlings during the germination period, it is necessary to ventilate from time to time by removing glass or plastic wrap.
As for the shelters, they are removed after the emergence of shoots. At this time, the container is moved closer to the light for active growth and development. If the room where the pansies are grown is dry, then make sure that the stems do not dry out. Therefore, sometimes it is possible to cover the seedlings with foil, providing a greenhouse effect and retaining the necessary moisture inside.
In addition, growers resort to hardening the seeds by sowing them into a container with a top layer of snow. The method is convenient in that it allows you to see the density of the sowing and its uniformity of distribution. After planting on the snow, the containers are covered with foil or glass and removed for germination according to the standard scheme. As the snow melts, the seeds will sink to the ground and be pulled to the desired depth.
If you follow the basic sowing instructions, the sprouts should appear after a week and a half. In this case, the optimum temperature for germination is a temperature regime of at least +20 degrees. While waiting for the appearance of the rest of the seedlings, the film is not removed, since during this period of development, the seedlings need increased humidity. However, the soil should not be wet, this will destroy the seedlings.
About two to three weeks before planting the plant outdoors, preparations should be started to reduce the stress that flowers usually experience when transplanting from home to outdoors. To do this, a container with grown and matured seedlings is taken out into the street or onto the balcony. At first, it is kept on the street for no more than half an hour, every day the residence time is gradually increased and brought to three hours. If it's warm outside, you can take out seedlings for four hours.
You can start hardening on a glassed-in balcony or loggia in March, so that at the end of April or the beginning of May, you can already plant pansies in prepared boxes for the whole summer. It is noteworthy that the process of vegetation in plants depends on which side the windows of the balcony or loggia face. For example, flowering begins earlier if it is on the south or east side.
Seedlings grown at home are planted in flower beds or flower beds around mid-May. This is the best time for landscaping and active flower development.
Correct planting of fragrant pansies in open ground
This kind of violet, when planted in the open field and with high-quality care, can please with flowering twice a year. This is very convenient for decorating flower beds or designer flower beds. They bloom in early spring and late autumn, depending on when they were planted. To get flowering in early spring, you need to sow seeds in the summer, that is, six months in advance. If the seeds fall into the ground in May or at the very beginning of summer, then the plants will delight with flowering in the fall.
Pansies take root well in the open field, they tolerate wintering well. Of course, if in the fall they were exposed to abundant moisture, and in winter they were not merciful to frost, then freezing is possible. Spring floods can also adversely affect, and under favorable climatic conditions this plant is not particularly whimsical.
To get good flowering, you need to know how to plant pansies in open ground. It should be borne in mind that the land for sowing must be cleared of weeds and well loosened. Therefore, it will be necessary to make beds and place seeds in the holes, avoiding planting density. When planting pansy flowers in open ground, the first shoots should emerge from the ground in a week, or after two, then the seedlings can be thinned out. The distance between the bushes should be about 20 cm. The soil near the bush must be watered and loosened from time to time so that the root system can breathe freely.
With rational moistening and timely treatment from pansy pests, the next spring will quickly grow and please with abundant flowering. Ready-made flowering plants can be used to decorate all kinds of flower beds and compositions. Florists often decorate wedding bouquets or boutonnieres with violets of this kind. Even a novice amateur gardener can plant pansies in prepared open ground, since this flower does not have special care requirements and takes root everywhere
It is important to remember that if the flower garden is located in a sunny place, then the flowers will be bright and large, if in the shade - a little smaller and paler
Pansies, regardless of the variety, can be grown both in special greenhouses and in garden conditions in the courtyard of a private house or in the country.
What does a garden violet look like
The genus of violets (Víola) has more than 500 species. It happens perennial and annual. Single bisexual flowers, each with 5 stamens, petals and sepals, grow on long single shoots. There are one-color, two-color and three-color. Almost all of them have a strong, persistent and very pleasant aroma. The flowering period is spring and summer. They coexist well with conifers, ornamental and fruit shrubs, but are also suitable for alpine slides, pots, flower beds.
Blooming garden violet
Fruits are capsules with numerous small seeds, after ripening they open on their own. Having planted just a few pieces, in a few years you can get an excellent blooming rug. The leaf is simple or pinnately dissected, usually of a dark green hue. The bushes themselves grow up to 10-40 cm in height, have a thin rod weakly branched root. Garden flowers, similar to violets in indoor pot culture, have their own characteristics.
The second popular name for garden violets is Pansies.Under natural conditions, it occurs throughout the temperate zone in the mountains, forests, along the banks of rivers and lakes. Some species grow in swampy lowlands and even in the tundra. Historically, the violet has another name Saintpaulia, given in honor of Baron Walter von Saint-Paul, president of the German dendrological society, who donated the seeds to the botanist Hermann Wendland, who first described this genus of plants.
Common varieties - a short description
Among the huge variety, the most popular varieties are listed below.
Graceful. Violet perennial 10-20 cm tall, coarse-toothed leaf, flowers up to 4 cm in diameter, blue-lilac or yellow. It blooms in spring and continues to delight until autumn. Prefers partial shade, nutritious soil, suitable for rock gardens.
Viola gracilis blue moonlight
Horned perennial. Bush 15-25 cm high with a creeping and strongly branching root. Gradually forms a dense flowering cushion. The leaf is oblong ovate with a jagged edge up to 6 cm long. Flowers usually have a purple-lilac color with a yellow spot. It opens from May to September. Prefers dry, sunny areas and moderately fertile soil.
Viola cornuta Boughton Blue
Labrador. Perennial fragrant garden violet. Compact bush only 5-10 cm tall. The leaf is rounded heart-shaped, bronze or dark purple hue. Pink-carmine flowers bloom in May-June. A cold-resistant variety that tolerates partial shade. Prefers moderately fertile, moist soil.
Manchu. Perennial 6-20 cm high. Rhizome is short. The leaf has an ovate-lanceolate shape on a long petiole. Dark purple flower with a diameter of 2.5 cm on a long peduncle. On one bush, from May to June, 8-14 flowers bloom at the same time. There are varieties with double and variegated petals. Easily multiplies by dividing clumps, as well as self-seeding. Moisture and light-loving, cold-resistant.
Viola mandshurica Fuji Dawn
White garden violet. A very rare species that is extremely difficult to acquire. It is grown in specialized botanical nurseries to replenish the disappearing natural population. But on sale you can find seeds of hybrids called white moth violet perennial or sister, which have the same color of flowers. It reproduces easily by self-seeding.
Viola white
Proper care of seedlings
In the future, you should ensure the correct seedling care Viola Wittrock at home. The most important agricultural technique is picking and subsequent transshipment. The pick is carried out in the phase of the appearance of the first pair of true leaves. For picking each plant, you will need a container with a volume of no more than 50 ml.
Carefully remove each seedling with a spoon or tweezers and place in a separate container. Then water abundantly and stand for the next 72 hours in a mini-greenhouse
You can simply put the cups in a plastic bag, exhale the air there to saturate with carbon dioxide, and tie.
The most important event is watering. It should be carried out daily by drip. Use clean, settled water for this. Melt water gives excellent results. When watering once a week, you can add 1 tablet of succinic acid per 1 liter of water. This substance is an excellent adaptogen and growth stimulant.
The introduction of root dressings begins 7 days after the pick. First, nitrogen fertilizers are applied, then potash and phosphorus fertilizers. Be sure to use sodium humate - it accelerates the set of vegetative mass. Top dressing is carried out 1 time in 7 days after preliminary watering of the soil.
Transfer to a larger pot is carried out at a plant height of 5 cm. By this time, the root system must fill the entire previous container. Fill the glass with nutritious soil and transplant the plant there. First take a glass of up to 250 ml.
A week after the transplant, the bush is formed.The tops of all available stems are cut off. This causes the seedling to bush.
2 weeks after pruning, a second transplant is carried out, but only if the root system has managed to completely fill a 250 ml glass. if not, just increase the mineral fertilization. Nitrogen at this stage should already be completely eliminated. Feed with organic matter, ash, potash fertilizers for lush flowering.
If the seedlings of Vittrock's viola are stretched out, then the first thing to do at home is to cut them off. All unnecessary twigs and shoots. Do not be afraid to leave stumps 2 - 3 cm high. They will give vegetative side shoots and turn into luxurious bushes.
After trimming, provide additional light for 6 hours daily and try to lower the ambient temperature. Reduce watering to a minimum. You can also transplant into a large container with the deepening of the extended parts of the plant. But pruning with subsequent rooting of cuttings is much more effective.
Growing seedlings
For early flowering, Pansies are best planted with seedlings. Most of the species tolerate transplanting firmly, even with buds and flowers. Many growers, with a delay in planting, admire the bright violets at home.
How to plant correctly
For planting viola, use new or carefully treated with fungicides used containers with a depth of 10 centimeters. A drainage layer is laid out at the bottom, the soil is lightly tamped, spilled and left until moisture is completely absorbed. Small grooves are made on the surface (up to 5 millimeters). Dry viola seeds are scattered from a pinch or from a sheet of paper into the ground, trying to maintain a distance of 0.6-1 centimeters.
Fall asleep with dry soil, rubbing it in the palms. Pour warm water from a spray bottle. The container is covered with foil or glass and left in a dark place at a temperature of 15-20 °. Viola shoots appear in 6-10 days.
Soil selection
Ready-made soil mixture for violets is the best choice for planting. When self-preparing soil for viola, humus, peat, sand and fertile soil are combined in equal parts. Before using its own soil, it is disinfected by calcining or freezing.
Seed preparation
Pansy seeds are small and difficult to work with. Most plant seed without germination, since the viola sprouts are easy to break. Before planting, the seeds are soaked for an hour in a stimulant solution - Zircon or Epin. Then they are dried by spreading them out on paper.
Watering
After emergence, the containers are transferred to a lighted place. Watering is carried out as the soil dries - excess moisture and puddles Pansies do not tolerate
Watered gently, under the root, with a small watering can or spray
Top dressing
Top dressing for viols is necessary no more than once every 2 weeks. Use special fertilizers for violets or conventional mineral complexes with potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen
It is important not to exceed the norms recommended in the instructions.
Picking
A pick of Pansies is carried out when growing 2 leaves
The seedling is removed from the container with a lump of earth, the central root is carefully pruned. This stimulates lateral root growth and rapid engraftment.
Topping
After the growth of 4-6 permanent leaves, the top of the viola is pinched to form lateral shoots. This is done in the absence of the sun, at a temperature of 15-18 °.
How to plant pansy plants outdoors
The easiest way to propagate viola is by division and cuttings. To do this, it is enough to cut off the leaf with the stem and put it in water until the root appears. It should be noted that even if the reproduction of the plant is not planned, then at least once every three years it must be removed from the soil and divided. Otherwise, due to overly dense growth, the flowers become small and may lose the features of the species.
In species with a horizontally creeping rhizome, a bush can be divided.This is done as follows: you need to moisten the soil well, remove the plant and divide it, disassembling it into full-fledged bushes. Then each plant separately in flowerpots or in open ground. This is done in the spring, before flowering, or in September.
In other species, you can separate the branches from the base of the bush and root them directly in the right place. Under the banks, cuttings of a fragrant horned violet take root in two to three weeks.
The second method of plant propagation is sowing fresh seeds in prepared soil in the fall. The freshness of the seeds plays a very important role in reproductive performance. The garden violet prefers a place in the sun for planting, because in the shade it is often attacked by slugs. Also, these pests parasitize the plant if it grows in a damp place.
If a decision is made to plant plants by means of seeds, then you need to know what the planting and proper care of the garden violet should be. The seeds must be of good quality and the soil must be properly prepared.
It is important to know that sandy soil is not particularly favorable for a perennial violet garden flower. Such soil needs to be improved with organic fertilizer, but not with humus, since it is aggressive for the soil and can burn the delicate roots of the plant.
For perennial garden violets, timely and moderate watering remains an integral part of planting and care. It is worth noting that overflow has a bad effect on this plant, as well as too cold water. This does not mean that it should be warm, but the room temperature of the water for irrigation is simply necessary.
Violas are sometimes affected by pests such as scoops and aphids, so certain measures should be taken in time to protect the plant.
In order to properly handle the perennial garden violet bushes without injuring them when planting and leaving, you can see a photo with a sequence of actions:
Features of caring for a garden violet on the street
Having once planted a violet variety you like in the garden in the open field, in the future you can admire its growing rug for many years, only gaining beauty.
Temperature
Mostly garden violets are cold-resistant. They bloom first in spring, and many varieties continue to delight with beautiful flowers until autumn. The preferred temperature in the warm season is + 20-24 ° C. In case of heat + 30 ° C and above, it may stop blooming.
Lighting
Depending on the variety, either a well-lit area or a semi-shady area will be required. But there are varieties that prefer to be in partial shade part of the day, and partly in the shade. They are planted mainly near fruit or ornamental shrubs.
Watering
All varieties prefer soft water at the same temperature as the environment. To obtain the desired softness, add a little apple cider vinegar (1 tsp per 3 liters of water) or citric acid (5 crystals per 1 liter) to the water.
Spraying
In the hottest season, in the mornings and evenings, it is recommended to arrange a warm shower for the violets from a sprayer or watering can with small holes, but avoid excessive flooding of the roots.
Humidity
The optimum level of humidity is about 60%. If pansies do not like waterlogged soil, such conditions can be provided only by light shading and planting near any body of water - a pond, stream, pool.
Priming
The soil needs light, loose, moderately fertile, capable of retaining moisture for a long time. Perlite and vermiculite are the best additives for loosening and structuring, but you can get by with the introduction of peat and a small amount of washed river sand into the soil. It is also useful to add fine charcoal, and periodically sprinkle ash around the bushes.
Important! Optimal acid-base balance pH = 5.5-6.5. Top dressing
Top dressing
The first fertilization is in the spring. Any complex mineral for flowering plants will do. The most important is the content of potassium, phosphorus, nitrogen. The dosage should be halved against the manufacturer's recommended dosage.Fresh manure must not be used as it will burn leaves and roots.
Re-feeding will be required after the first buds bloom, and then every 2 weeks.
How to grow pansies: soil, feeding and reproduction
Pansies are demanding on the soil to grow. They prefer fertile loams, loose and moist. Violets need fertilization every month. Fresh manure for feeding pansies is contraindicated; it is better to prefer humus or complex mineral fertilizers. Shortly before the beginning of flowering, violets can be fed with nitrophos.
These violets can be grown both in the garden and at home. It is a herbaceous plant, the life cycle of which lasts from one to two years; perennials are less common. Pansies bloom in early spring if planted last summer. They are also used as an annual crop, then they must be sown for seedlings in February, and planted in open ground in early May. Seedlings when breeding pansies are grown at home or in a greenhouse. For this, boxes or pots are used, which are pre-filled with loose soil. Having evenly distributed the seeds on the surface of the soil, they are sprinkled with earth, after which the container is placed in a dark place. When shoots appear, pots or boxes are exposed to light. Pansies are planted in the ground either at the end of May or at the beginning of June. The most important thing is that the earth is warmed up enough by this moment. Plants bloom in late summer.
