Is it harmful to grow mushrooms at home

Today, many are interested in the question of how mushrooms are grown at home. And is it possible? Yes, it is possible. A fairly good harvest of mushrooms can be obtained by growing them in a basement, garage or barn. And if you comply with the necessary conditions, then you can not only provide your family with mushrooms, but also do this business professionally. And now we will share our knowledge on how to grow mushrooms in the country.

Preparatory stage

The most difficult thing in this matter is the process of agricultural technology. But if there is a great desire and basic skills in working on the ground, then everything must certainly work out.

Any room is suitable for growing champignons, because these mushrooms do not require sunlight. They especially need fresh air and constant humidity. You can also grow mushrooms in the open field. In this case, the seedlings must be covered with foil to avoid moisture loss. After carefully reading the described stages of work, you will learn how mushrooms are grown at home.

Mushroom growing stages

First of all, it is necessary to prepare (purchase) compost, which consists of chicken and horse manure, gypsum and straw, then spread it out on the prepared shelves of the basement, shed or other room.

If mycelium was not added to the purchased compost, then, of course, you need to buy it. The acquired spores are then brought into the ground.

After that, the mycelium is covered with a layer of peat (approximately 7 cm). Do not forget about maintaining constant humidity and special technological irrigation. The mushroom growing cycle lasts almost 3 months. In the last 3 weeks, active fruiting occurs.

How to grow mushrooms at home

There are people who do not have summer cottages. But they are also interested in the question of how mushrooms are grown at home. There is a so-called apartment method. It consists in the following. A mycelium is purchased, which is divided into several parts and placed in three-liter jars with a layer of about 20 cm. The surface should be flat, so it is gently crushed a little. Another layer of earth (approximately 2 cm) is poured on top, which must be kept moist all the time. The jar needs to be covered, but not tightly, leaving a gap for air to enter. They should stand at room temperature for 7 days, then they are transferred to a cooler place for another 3-4 days. After the cans are returned to warm conditions of detention. If all the conditions are met correctly, then small mushrooms will appear in 10-14 days.

Collection and further care

Only young mushrooms can be used for food, in which the plates have not darkened and the film is not damaged. Overripe mushrooms accumulate very harmful substances for the human body.

Unlike other mushrooms, champignons are not cut with a knife, but rather twisted from the soil. This must be done very carefully so as not to damage the rest of the mycelium. After removing the mushroom, the well must be sprinkled with earth.

In order for the mushrooms to continue to produce crops, one must not forget to keep the soil in a constant state of moisture.

Now you know how mushrooms are grown at home. And fragrant mushrooms can be present on your table almost all year round.

Champignons are quite common mushrooms that do not need additional advertising, widely used in modern cuisine. They are used freshly harvested, for the preparation of a large number of dishes and consumed canned. Various dishes are perfectly complemented by the pleasant and delicate taste of champignons, and their aroma brings its own unique notes. Mushrooms are an unusually useful product, containing in their composition trace elements and vitamins necessary for the body. They contain a large amount of protein easily digestible by humans, so champignons are in great demand during fasting, as a substitute for meat, and are widely used for dietary nutrition. The organic combination of low calorie content and rich composition allows you to adhere to a diet, without prejudice to the state of the body.
Champignons grow on almost all continents, preferably in steppe and forest-steppe regions. They are found in open areas of meadows and in woodlands, and prefer well-moistened and manured land.

Outwardly, young mushrooms growing in nature are white or gray-white, with a spherical head, under which are white plates. More mature mushrooms have an umbrella-shaped cap with pink blades, they darken and become brownish or light brown. It is desirable to collect and eat young specimens that have a characteristic membrane under the cap.

More than a thousand years ago, champignons were among the first mushrooms to be cultivated, growing them on special lawns. Over time, it was noticed that these mushrooms grow well in dark and damp basements. In modern conditions, this popular mushroom is grown on special farms. Its production is put on an industrial basis, the whole mushroom industry is engaged in the cultivation of champignons.

Through the efforts of breeders, about 50 cultivars have been bred, slightly differing in color, structure of the cap and shelf life, all of them are hybrids of white champignon.

Homemade champignons

Delicious, nutritious and aromatic champignon is widely demanded in the kitchen and is used to prepare various dishes. Such popularity of the mushroom attracted the interest of fans of this product and aroused the desire to grow champignons at home.

Forest mushrooms are an excellent product only if they are collected in places far from possible sources of pollution, since, being osmotrophs, they very intensively absorb and accumulate all harmful substances from the soil and air. A good alternative is store-bought mushrooms grown in artificial conditions, which do not contain substances harmful to health. The ideal option for using an environmentally friendly product is champignons grown on their own. This will allow you to significantly save on purchases, engage in an exciting business and get a healthy and tasty result, the quality and freshness of which you can be sure of.

Growing champignons at home cannot be called a simple and easy task. This will require patience and the correct fulfillment of some of the basic conditions that ensure intensive growth and productive results. To do this, it will be necessary to bring the growing conditions closer to the environment of their natural habitat.

Factors affecting yield

The factors that need to be monitored when growing mushrooms at home include: the correct composition of the compost, the organization of a proper microclimate, timely watering, and the fight against possible pests and diseases.
When certain favorable circumstances are created, mushroom cultivation at home can be carried out all year round. For this, a room is selected in which it is possible to maintain the temperature regime within 15-25 degrees and a sufficiently high air humidity, at least 80-90%.

An important condition is excellent ventilation of the room, mushrooms need a lot of fresh air. Champignons in the process of growing produce carbon dioxide, its excess leads to a disproportionate extension of the leg.

The presence of light does not matter for the yield of mushrooms, so they can be safely grown in a basement or a closed shed. Any dark corner of a greenhouse or garage can be used where no other crops can grow. The main thing is to ensure good air circulation in such conditions. Due to the high humidity required for the intensive growth of fungi, the room can be susceptible to infestation with various pests and diseases that develop well in such an environment. Therefore, all surfaces must be properly disinfected using formalin solution and lime with copper sulfate.
In the autumn-summer period, growing mushrooms in the country can give a good harvest. For this, a bed of special soil is created in a shaded place. To protect the mycelium from drying out and waterlogging, the bed is covered with a film or roofing material, this creates a certain microclimate on the bed.

Composting

An excellent harvest when growing mushrooms at home can be obtained on specially prepared soil called compost, it should be generously filled with organic fertilizers.
The most difficult and crucial stage of mushroom cultivation is composting. Mushrooms are demanding on the composition of the soil on which they are grown. Its main components are horse manure and wet straw, at a rate of 4/1, respectively. These components are laid in layers alternately, the number of layers is about four of each component. To improve the composition, a small amount of superphosphate and urea are added between the layers. Horse manure in compost gives the best yield, but if necessary, it can be replaced with any other animal manure or chicken dung.

The compost laid for maturation should not touch the ground, it is desirable that the air is available from all sides. Be sure to cover it with a canopy from the sun and rain, the compost must be moist, but excess moisture can interfere with the fermentation process. To obtain high-quality compost, the optimal size of the pile in which it will mature is 1.5 / 1.5 / 1.5 meters, this will ensure a good combustion process. A small amount of compost is not worth even trying to make, because a good fermentation process requires a large volume.

It is better to choose the street as a place for composting, because during the fermentation of the substrate, carbon dioxide and ammonia are released. If a room is chosen for composting, then it must be provided with good ventilation. The compost takes three weeks to mature. During this period, it must be mixed 3-4 times, for uniform combustion of the substrate, and well moistened. To enrich the composition, making the first mixing, crushed lime is introduced, during the second - superphosphate and during the last - crushed gypsum or alabaster. During the fermentation process, the compost can heat up to 55-70 degrees, when the process ends, the temperature drops to 20-24 degrees and the characteristic smell of ammonia disappears. The finished compost turns brown, does not stick to hands and when squeezed, it bounces, the straw becomes soft and easily torn.

If it is not possible to make compost on your own, then you can purchase a finished product of proper quality, made in accordance with all standards.

Planting mycelium and leaving

The finished compost mass is laid out in containers in which mushrooms will be grown at home, the height of the compost layer must be more than 20 cm. For this, boxes, containers, racks or bags are used.
For inoculation, high-quality mycelium is used, which is grown in specialized laboratories, so you have to buy it for inoculation (sowing).

Distinguish between grain and compost mycelium. Grain will be needed when planting about 350 g per square meter, it gives the best yield and can be stored in the refrigerator for about six months. Compost can be stored for almost a year at zero temperature, 0.5 kg of seed is consumed per square meter. For inoculation, a handful of mycelium is deepened 5 cm into the compost, lifting it up in a layer. The holes are placed at a distance of 25 cm, in a checkerboard pattern.
When the compost temperature is above 20 degrees and the air humidity is high, the mycelium develops rather quickly, it takes about 2-3 weeks. During this period, regular moistening of the soil should be carried out and it should be observed that the temperature of the substrate does not exceed 27 degrees, otherwise the mycelium may die. Increased air humidity is achieved by covering the surface of the compost with foil, paper or burlap.
Growing champignons in the country does not provide an opportunity to influence the ambient temperature. Therefore, when it is lowered, maintaining the required temperature of the compost will allow a dense covering of the beds with a film or roofing material.

Ripening of the crop

After 15-20 days, the mycelium, growing, comes out to the surface of the soil and looks like a silvery cobweb.

The temperature should be lowered to 13-15 degrees and the surface should be covered with a layer of wet coating mixture, with a layer of up to 5 cm. This mixture should have an alkaline reaction and consist of peat and lime chips.
During this period, the productive cultivation of mushrooms at home is due to the provision of high humidity and soil, maintaining the temperature within 13-16 degrees and good ventilation of the room. Watering is best done by regular spraying, this will intensively moisturize the substrate and will not compact it.

Growing mushrooms in the country in open beds must be carried out under a shelter from direct sunlight and protected from excessive moisture. Compost can dry out in the sun or heat up above the critical temperature. Prolonged rains can compress the compost, it becomes heavy and can cause mycelium disease and slower development.

Harvesting

After 3-4 weeks, the most pleasant and long-awaited moment comes - the first harvest. As soon as the covering peel stretches or bursts, on the underside of the cap, this is a signal that the mushrooms are ready to be harvested. The harvest ripens in waves, in several stages, the first of which brings the greatest amount of mushrooms.

For collection, the mushrooms are carefully twisted out of the ground, and the place of removal is covered with damp earth. You need to work carefully so as not to disrupt the mycelium and nearby growing young rudiments of fruiting bodies. It is necessary to collect all champignons, including sick and small ones to be destroyed. This will protect the future harvest from damage by pests and diseases and will cause the massive formation of new fruiting bodies of mushrooms in the mycelium.
During the entire fruiting period, the room must be treated with lime or potassium permanganate solution to prevent diseases and pests from multiplying in a humid environment. For the entire fruiting period, you can collect from 5 to 12 kg of mushrooms, from each square meter of the planting area. The mycelium bears fruit 7-8 times, within 2-3 months, then the yield decreases so much that their cultivation does not make sense.

The spent compost serves as a valuable and useful organic fertilizer for the garden plot; it is not worth using the soil again for growing mushrooms.At the end of cultivation and harvesting of the last harvest, all surfaces of the room and the container in which the mushrooms grew are subject to mandatory disinfection.
The video tells about growing champignons at home, about all the nuances and difficulties that a beginner may face:

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Mushrooms are not only a healthy and nutritious product, but also very tasty. Therefore, since ancient times, they have been used to prepare various dishes. Soups, stews, salads, pates, snacks and much more are made from mushrooms. Of course, you want to pamper yourself with such delicacies all year round. Then home-grown mushrooms come to the rescue. This option is suitable for those who do not like to go to the forest, stock up for the winter, or simply prefer to eat fresh. Since champignons are the most common mushrooms, in this article we will consider the question of how to grow champignons at home.

Useful properties of champignons

Excellent aroma, piquant taste - this is how you can describe champignons in a few words. However, these mushrooms are distinguished not only by their excellent taste, but also by useful properties. So, what are mushrooms rich in, what is their composition?

1. Protein. An important component through which cells are renewed and built.
2. Various amino acids. They have a beneficial effect on many functions of the human body, which include thought processes and memory. It turns out that if you know how to grow mushrooms at home, you can provide yourself with a year-round supply that makes our head work.
3. Vitamins A, B, C, D.
4. Phosphorus. Since mushrooms are rich in this element, they can easily replace fish if you don't like it.

You can also use the juice of these mushrooms as an antiseptic for quick healing of cuts, wounds and ulcers. These are the most basic beneficial properties that champignons have.

Conditions for growing mushrooms

The technology for growing champignons presupposes the observance of some important conditions.

1. Lack of sunlight.
2. Moderate warmth. It is important to observe the temperature regime, the drops are extremely undesirable when growing mushrooms.
3. Uniform and good ventilation.
4. High humidity.
5. A specific microclimate required at every stage of mushroom growth.

To meet these conditions and successfully grow mushrooms, special equipment may be required. We will return to this issue later, but for now we will consider the places most suitable for growing mushrooms.

Places for growing mushrooms

As mentioned above, several conditions must be met in order to get successful year-round mushroom cultivation. At home, a basement, cellar, balcony or garage can be a suitable place, while mushrooms are planted in boxes or pallets.

Champignons are very unpretentious mushrooms, so they can be grown even outdoors in garden beds or in greenhouses. But in this case, it will be possible to harvest the crop only in the warm season.

How to grow champignons in the garden?

It is good to grow mushrooms in the garden, since they will be in the fresh air. But in the open field it is more difficult to create the necessary conditions for champignons, and this must be taken into account, therefore it is better to cover them with a tarpaulin or make a canopy, a greenhouse. It will be great if there is the most humid and shaded place on your site. Compost is spread on the garden bed, and then everything is done the same as when growing mushrooms at home.

Inventory for growing mushrooms

1. Mushroom mushrooms. Of course, nothing will work without her. Therefore, you first need to decide where to buy the mushroom mycelium.
2. A place to grow. The options have already been listed above.Most often, the basement is preferred, since it is there that it is easiest to create suitable conditions.
3. Shelving. They can be anything: iron or wooden. It doesn't matter: the boxes of mushrooms won't be heavy.
4. Capacities where mushrooms will be planted. For this, you can use, for example, boxes, pallets, baskets.
5. Fans. Suitable for ventilation and temperature reduction.
6. Hygrometer. Needed to monitor the humidity in the room. The optimal indicator is from 50 to 80 percent.
7. Thermometer for temperature control. It should be between 12 and 20 degrees Celsius.
8. Substrate. Let's consider how to compose it correctly.

Substrate for growing mushrooms

This is considered the most difficult stage in mushroom cultivation. A poor harvest may result if the substrate is not compiled correctly. So how should you compose it?

For the substrate, you will need mushroom compost, which includes: manure and straw from rye or wheat. Horse manure will yield high yields, but cow or bird droppings can also be used. It will be a plus if you add fallen, not rotten leaves and some organic waste, since mushrooms are very "gluttonous". Also, beet tops, sunflower seed shells, urea, chalk, gypsum, bone meal, bran and superphosphate are used as nutritional components. When compiling the substrate, the following proportion is observed: 75% manure and 25% compost.

How to grow champignons at home in a small area of ​​1.5 square meters? You can use the following compost formula.

1. Straw - 50 kilograms.
2. Urea and superphosphate - 1 kilogram.
3. Gypsum - 4 kilograms.
4. Chalk - 2.5 kilograms.
5. Manure - 150 kilograms.

In total, a little more than 200 kilograms of substrate will turn out.

The straw must first be soaked for a day, then lay it in layers with manure. It is better to moisten each layer of straw with urea and superphosphate. Then everything is mixed and other nutritional components are already introduced. The substrate should now be infused for about 20 days. We can talk about complete readiness when the unpleasant smell of ammonia disappears.

It is not necessary to stick to this formula, there are other recipes for how to grow mushrooms at home.

When compiling the substrate, you need to be prepared for the fermentation process to begin, which is accompanied by the specific smells of ammonia and carbon dioxide, so it is better to do this not indoors, but in the fresh air. The compost should be covered with a canopy to hide it from rain and sunlight.

Planting mushroom mycelium

At home, it is better to grow sterile myceliums obtained in laboratories. They take root more easily and multiply faster. Mushroom mushrooms are of different varieties, one type is consumed more, the other - less. So, for 1 square meter of substrate, 400 grams of grain mycelium will be required, and manure - 500 grams.

When you have decided on the amount of consumables and bought it, you can proceed to direct disembarkation. First, you should measure the temperature of the substrate, the most optimal for the mushroom mycelium is considered to be about 25 degrees.

So how to grow champignon mushrooms? The holes are recommended to be staggered at a distance of 20-30 centimeters from each other. The mycelium needs to be broken into small pieces and planted to a depth of 5 centimeters. The grain variety can be simply laid on the surface.

Care for mushroom mycelium after planting

After replanting the mycelium, the conditions mentioned above must be observed. This is high humidity and moderate heat. Moreover, these conditions must be met not only indoors, but also in the substrate. To keep it constantly moist, you can cover it with a newspaper and spray it from time to time - then the compost will not be dry.

After about a week, the mycelium will begin to grow, then the substrate should be sprinkled with soil on top by 3-4 centimeters. The technology for growing mushrooms suggests that during this period it is necessary to slightly lower the temperature of the substrate to about 20 degrees, and indoors - to 12-17 degrees. Do not forget about good ventilation in the room, however, drafts should not be allowed. In principle, that's all the care of the mycelium.

Harvesting champignons

It is not enough to know how to grow champignons at home; harvesting also has its own nuances.

With good care, champignons bear fruit in waves for up to two months, during which time you can get mushrooms many times. You can start harvesting the first crop after 30 days.

Champignons are not cut, like forest mushrooms, but are twisted out of the substrate. Then the empty hole is sprinkled with earth and moistened to create conditions for the emergence of a new crop. Not all mushrooms are picked, but only "ripe" ones - these are those that have a stretched white film under the cap that connects the leg and the edges of the cap, and the plate has a pale pink color. It is not recommended to eat champignons with brown plates. If the film is broken, then the mushroom is considered old. This should not be allowed, as it greatly depletes the mycelium.

Growing champignons - a business idea

The cultivation of champignons was popular in the 18th century in European countries and not only, most often in Italy, France, America, Germany, Sweden, England and Belgium. In Russia, home production of these mushrooms began only in the 19th century, because our forests are already rich in edible gifts of nature.

Today mushroom cultivation is a profitable business. If you make simple mathematical calculations, then in one year you can get up to 6 harvests. Of course, there will be additional costs for equipment, electricity and heating. But in general, you can get a good income from the sale of champignons, you just need to know to whom to constantly sell the resulting crop.

It is not surprising that today such a niche as mushroom cultivation is already occupied by entrepreneurs, because these mushrooms bear fruit abundantly, they are easy to grow, and the necessary raw materials (in fact, waste) can be purchased almost for free. Of course, you can try to break into this business, but you will have to work hard to get a solid profit from it in the first months.

Now you know how to grow mushrooms at home, and what equipment is required for this. You can start production on a large scale, or you can plant these mushrooms for yourself, for your soul, to feast on them all year round. In any case, growing champignons is not difficult and even interesting.

Champignons are quite common mushrooms that do not need additional advertising, widely used in modern cuisine. They are used freshly harvested, for the preparation of a large number of dishes and consumed canned. Various dishes are perfectly complemented by the pleasant and delicate taste of champignons, and their aroma brings its own unique notes. Mushrooms are an unusually useful product, containing in their composition trace elements and vitamins necessary for the body. They contain a large amount of protein easily digestible by humans, so champignons are in great demand during fasting, as a substitute for meat, and are widely used for dietary nutrition. The organic combination of low calorie content and rich composition allows you to adhere to a diet, without prejudice to the state of the body.
Champignons grow on almost all continents, preferably in steppe and forest-steppe regions. They are found in open spaces of meadows and in woodlands, and prefer well-moistened and manured land.

Outwardly, young mushrooms growing in nature are white or gray-white, with a spherical head, under which are white plates.More mature mushrooms have an umbrella-shaped cap with pink blades, they darken and become brownish or light brown. It is desirable to collect and eat young specimens that have a characteristic membrane under the cap.

More than a thousand years ago, champignons were among the first mushrooms to be cultivated, growing them on special lawns. Over time, it was noticed that these mushrooms grow well in dark and damp basements. In modern conditions, this popular mushroom is grown on special farms. Its production is put on an industrial basis, the whole mushroom industry is engaged in the cultivation of champignons.

Through the efforts of breeders, about 50 cultivars have been bred, slightly differing in color, structure of the cap and shelf life, all of them are hybrids of white champignon.

Homemade champignons

Delicious, nutritious and aromatic champignon is widely demanded in the kitchen and is used to prepare various dishes. Such popularity of the mushroom attracted the interest of fans of this product and aroused the desire to grow champignons at home.

Forest mushrooms are an excellent product only if they are collected in places far from possible sources of pollution, since, being osmotrophs, they very intensively absorb and accumulate all harmful substances from the soil and air. A good alternative is store-bought champignons grown in artificial conditions, which do not contain substances harmful to health. The ideal option for using an environmentally friendly product is champignons grown on their own. This will allow you to significantly save on purchases, engage in an exciting business and get a healthy and tasty result, the quality and freshness of which you can be sure.

Growing champignons at home cannot be called a simple and easy task. This will require patience and the correct fulfillment of some of the basic conditions that ensure intensive growth and productive results. To do this, it will be necessary to bring the growing conditions closer to the environment of their natural habitat.

Factors affecting yield

The factors that need to be monitored when growing mushrooms at home include: the correct composition of the compost, the organization of a proper microclimate, timely watering, and the fight against possible pests and diseases.
When certain favorable circumstances are created, mushroom cultivation at home can be carried out all year round. For this, a room is selected in which it is possible to maintain the temperature regime within 15-25 degrees and a sufficiently high air humidity, at least 80-90%.

An important condition is excellent ventilation of the room, mushrooms need a lot of fresh air. Champignons in the process of growing produce carbon dioxide, its excess leads to a disproportionate extension of the leg.

The presence of light does not matter for the yield of mushrooms, so they can be safely grown in a basement or a closed shed. Any dark corner of a greenhouse or garage can be used where no other crops can grow. The main thing is to ensure good air circulation in such conditions. Due to the high humidity required for the intensive growth of fungi, the room can be prone to infestation with various pests and diseases that develop well in such an environment. Therefore, all surfaces must be properly disinfected using formalin solution and lime with copper sulfate.
In the autumn-summer period, growing mushrooms in the country can give a good harvest. For this, a bed of special soil is created in a shaded place. To protect the mycelium from drying out and waterlogging, the bed is covered with a film or roofing material, this creates a certain microclimate on the bed.

Composting

An excellent harvest when growing mushrooms at home can be obtained on specially prepared soil called compost, it should be generously filled with organic fertilizers.
The most difficult and crucial stage of mushroom cultivation is composting. Mushrooms are demanding on the composition of the soil on which they are grown. Its main components are horse manure and wet straw, at a rate of 4/1, respectively. These components are laid in layers alternately, the number of layers is about four of each component. To improve the composition, a small amount of superphosphate and urea are added between the layers. Horse manure in compost gives the best yield, but if necessary, it can be replaced with any other animal manure or chicken dung.

The compost laid for maturation should not touch the ground, it is desirable that air is available from all sides. Be sure to cover it with a canopy from the sun and rain, the compost must be moist, but excess moisture can interfere with the fermentation process. To obtain high-quality compost, the optimal size of the pile in which it will mature is 1.5 / 1.5 / 1.5 meters, this will ensure a good combustion process. A small amount of compost is not worth even trying to make, because a good fermentation process requires a large volume.

It is better to choose the street as a place for composting, because during the fermentation of the substrate, carbon dioxide and ammonia are released. If a room is chosen for composting, then it must be provided with good ventilation. The compost takes three weeks to mature. During this period, it must be stirred 3-4 times, for uniform combustion of the substrate, and well moistened. To enrich the composition, making the first mixing, crushed lime is introduced, during the second - superphosphate and during the last - crushed gypsum or alabaster. During the fermentation process, the compost can heat up to 55-70 degrees, when the process ends, the temperature drops to 20-24 degrees and the characteristic smell of ammonia disappears. The finished compost turns brown, does not stick to hands and when squeezed, it bounces, the straw becomes soft and easily torn.

If it is not possible to make compost on your own, then you can purchase a finished product of proper quality, made in accordance with all standards.

Planting mycelium and leaving

The finished compost mass is laid out in containers in which mushrooms will be grown at home, the height of the compost layer must be more than 20 cm. For this, boxes, containers, racks or bags are used.
For inoculation, high-quality mycelium is used, which is grown in specialized laboratories, so you have to buy it for inoculation (sowing).

Distinguish between grain and compost mycelium. Grain will be needed when planting about 350 g per square meter, it gives the best yield and can be stored in the refrigerator for about six months. Compost can be stored for almost a year at zero temperature, 0.5 kg of seed is consumed per square meter. For inoculation, a handful of mycelium is deepened 5 cm into the compost, lifting it up in a layer. The holes are placed at a distance of 25 cm, in a checkerboard pattern.
When the compost temperature is above 20 degrees and the air humidity is high, the mycelium develops rather quickly, it takes about 2-3 weeks. During this period, regular moistening of the soil should be carried out and it should be observed that the temperature of the substrate does not exceed 27 degrees, otherwise the mycelium may die. Increased air humidity is achieved by covering the surface of the compost with foil, paper or burlap.
Growing champignons in the country does not provide an opportunity to influence the ambient temperature. Therefore, when it is lowered, maintaining the required temperature of the compost will allow a dense covering of the beds with a film or roofing material.

Ripening of the crop

After 15-20 days, the mycelium, growing, comes out to the surface of the soil and looks like a silvery cobweb.

The temperature should be lowered to 13-15 degrees and the surface should be covered with a layer of wet coating mixture, with a layer of up to 5 cm. This mixture should have an alkaline reaction and consist of peat and lime chips.
During this period, the productive cultivation of mushrooms at home is due to the provision of high humidity and soil, maintaining the temperature within 13-16 degrees and good ventilation of the room. Watering is best done by regular spraying, this will intensively moisturize the substrate and will not compact it.

Growing mushrooms in the country in open beds must be carried out under a shelter from direct sunlight and protected from excessive moisture. Compost can dry out in the sun or heat up above the critical temperature. Prolonged rains can compress the compost, it becomes heavy and can cause mycelium disease and slower development.

Harvesting

After 3-4 weeks, the most pleasant and long-awaited moment comes - the first harvest. As soon as the covering peel stretches or bursts, on the underside of the cap, this is a signal that the mushrooms are ready to be harvested. The harvest ripens in waves, in several stages, the first of which brings the greatest amount of mushrooms.

For collection, the mushrooms are carefully twisted out of the ground, and the place of removal is covered with damp earth. You need to work carefully so as not to disrupt the mycelium and nearby growing young rudiments of fruiting bodies. It is necessary to collect all champignons, including sick and small ones to be destroyed. This will protect the future harvest from damage by pests and diseases and will cause the massive formation of new fruiting bodies of mushrooms in the mycelium.
During the entire fruiting period, the room must be treated with lime or potassium permanganate solution to prevent diseases and pests from multiplying in a humid environment. For the entire fruiting period, you can collect from 5 to 12 kg of mushrooms, from each square meter of the planting area. The mycelium bears fruit 7-8 times, within 2-3 months, then the yield decreases so much that their cultivation does not make sense.

The spent compost serves as a valuable and useful organic fertilizer for the garden plot; it is not worth using the soil again for growing mushrooms. At the end of cultivation and harvesting of the last harvest, all surfaces of the room and the container in which the mushrooms grew are subject to mandatory disinfection.
The video tells about growing champignons at home, about all the nuances and difficulties that a beginner may face: