In which regions of Russia buckwheat is grown in Russia

According to the survey, buckwheat sown areas in Russia in 2016 amounted to 1,198.5 thousand hectares, which is 24.5% or 236.1 thousand hectares more than was sown in 2015.

Increase in acreage by region

The Altai Territory is the leader in terms of the increase in buckwheat sown area, where in 2016 the area under buckwheat increased by 94.2 thousand hectares compared to 2015.

In second place in terms of the increase in buckwheat sown areas is the Penza region, where in 2016 they sowed 21.9 thousand hectares more than in 2015.

In the Oryol region in 2016, the increase in the acreage of buckwheat was 17.3 thousand hectares.

In the Republic of Bashkortostan in 2016, buckwheat was sown by 12.2 thousand hectares more than a year ago.

The fifth place in terms of growth of buckwheat sown areas in 2016 is occupied by the Tula region - 12.1 thousand hectares

Also, the TOP-15 regions with the largest increase in area in 2016 included the Republic of Tatarstan, Novosibirsk region, Saratov region, Voronezh region, Kaliningrad region, Kemerovo region, Kursk region, Lipetsk region, Republic of Khakassia and Kurgan region.

At the same time, the most noticeably sown areas of buckwheat in 2016 compared to 2015 decreased in the Chelyabinsk region - by 3.7 thousand hectares, in the Amur region - by 1.8 thousand hectares, in the Primorsky Territory - by 0.6 thousand hectares, in the Republic of Mordovia - by 0.4 thousand hectares.

Rating of regions by sown areas of buckwheat

The leader in terms of buckwheat sown areas in 2016 is the Altai Territory, where 560.8 thousand hectares were sown. This is 46.8% of the total buckwheat crops in Russia.

In second place is the Republic of Bashkortostan, where the area under crops in 2016 amounted to 99.4 thousand hectares, or 8.3% in the all-Russian crops of buckwheat.

In the Orenburg region in 2016, buckwheat crops occupied 85.5 thousand hectares, or 7.1% of all buckwheat crops in the Russian Federation.

The fourth place is occupied by the Oryol region, where in 2016 the size of buckwheat crops amounted to 75.2 thousand hectares, or 6.3% of the all-Russian crops of this culture.

The share of the Kursk region in the total area of ​​buckwheat in 2016 was at the level of 2.7% (31.9 thousand hectares).

The TOP-10 regions in terms of buckwheat sown areas in 2016 also included:

• 6. Voronezh region - 31.4 thousand hectares, share in all-Russian crops - 2.6%.
• 7. Chelyabinsk region - 27.5 thousand hectares, 2.3%.
• 8. Republic of Tatarstan - 26.2 thousand hectares, 2.2%.
• 9. Tula region - 25.6 thousand hectares, 2.1%.
• 10. Penza region - 25.3 thousand hectares, 2.1%.

The share of TOP-10 regions in the total area of ​​the Russian Federation in 2016 was about 83%. TOP-20 regions form up to 95% of all buckwheat crops in the country.

Factors influencing the Russian buckwheat market in 2015-2016

- low gross receipts in 2014, which led to a shortage of buckwheat in the domestic market, a sharp rise in prices in late 2014 - early 2015. Relatively high collection volumes in 2015 did not lead to a significant weakening of prices;

- high level of prices for rice (type of cereals comparable in terms of sales volume, popularity and price);

- steady demand for Russian buckwheat, for buckwheat groats in the domestic market and on world markets. Russia is the second largest buckwheat exporter in the world. In 2014, the share of the Russian Federation in the world trade in buckwheat was 23.4%.

According to a survey of representatives of retail chains (Auchan, METRO Cash & Carry, X5 Retail Group) conducted by AB-Center in early 2015, buckwheat is one of the most popular types of cereals.

According to operational data, as of December 7, 2015, the average retail prices for buckwheat were 70.1 RUB / kg.During October-December, they are at the level of 68-70 RUB / kg. Thus, as of December 2015, there is no trend towards weakening prices, in the context of relatively high collection volumes in 2015.

This is due to a decrease in the production of buckwheat groats. The groats industry has not yet fully reacted to the increased supply of raw materials. In the context of production growth and an increase in buckwheat stocks, some weakening of prices is possible in the next 2-3 months.

In general, the stable demand in the domestic market, the increased attractiveness of the export direction in the context of the devaluation of the ruble will keep the prices for buckwheat and buckwheat groats at high levels. The price trend may change significantly after the 2016 harvest.

Buckwheat is an environmentally friendly product. It is very nutritious and healthy. This cereal is ideal for diabetics and weight loss diets. Buckwheat is considered a national Russian dish. Although it was first cultivated about forty centuries ago. And not in Russia. Buckwheat was brought to our country much later. Since then, in Russia, this cereal has always been grown as a food product. And in most countries it is considered food for animals (deer, horses and others).

How did buckwheat come to Russian fields?

The history of buckwheat begins in India and Nepal. It was there that they began to grow it for the first time. Then the seeds of this culture were brought to China, then to Korea and Japan. And only after these countries did buckwheat come to Russia. First to the Far East. In Russia, the assessment of the usefulness and nutritional value of buckwheat for humans was the highest. As a result, this culture was most widespread in the Russian fields.

In which countries is buckwheat grown?

Where does buckwheat grow in the world? As mentioned above, the cultivation of this culture began about four thousand years ago, in India. Buckwheat seeds came to Russian fields much later. They were brought in around the seventh century. Now, almost half of the buckwheat harvest worldwide comes from Russia. This crop is grown in large quantities in several other countries: Belarus, China and Ukraine.

In small quantities, buckwheat is sown in several other countries. For example, in the USA, Tanzania, Poland, France and some other states. In ancient times, buckwheat was sown in England and Wales, but the attitude towards it has changed a long time ago. It began to be considered a fodder crop. And therefore, in the UK, buckwheat is no longer grown at all.

Where is buckwheat grown in Russia?

Where does buckwheat grow in Russia? The main regions that are engaged in the cultivation of this crop are Transbaikalia, South Siberia, and the Far East. But this culture grows most well in the Volga and Ural regions, in the south of Russia.

What does buckwheat look like during growth?

It is impossible to forget the sight of the flowering fields sown with buckwheat. How buckwheat grows, the photo clearly demonstrates. A field with a blooming crop looks like a green succulent mass, the top of which is covered with pink flowers. Moreover, in the full range of shades of this color. As buckwheat ripens, its stems and leaves acquire an increasingly saturated green color, and the inflorescences themselves can reach a bright red hue.

Where can buckwheat be grown?

How does buckwheat grow? This is a somewhat capricious culture. She is afraid of cold weather (although there are frost-resistant varieties). Buckwheat has learned to deal with this feature for a long time. First, they grow it where the climate is warm. Secondly, they sow this culture later than everyone else. When warm weather is guaranteed.

Buckwheat only grows in moist soil. And the fields should be surrounded by forest. It protects the crop from freezing temperatures, strong winds and drought. Near the field, it is necessary that there is a river or water stream, in which buckwheat grows. In this case, the harvests will always be plentiful.

Buckwheat also does not like very high temperatures (from thirty degrees).The ideal flowering temperature is fifteen to seventeen degrees. The ground should be well warmed up and the fields should receive adequate lighting.

Honey culture

Buckwheat is a unique honey plant. It is more useful than honey obtained from any other plants. In addition, when flowering in the fields, there are always a lot of bees, which can, with the help of pollination, increase the yield by more than half. Therefore, apiaries and hives with bees are often arranged along the edges of buckwheat fields.

Many beekeepers try to grow buckwheat on their own plots, knowing that honey turns out to be very tasty and has special beneficial qualities - disinfecting and healing. In France, little buckwheat is consumed. But they grow it more for the sake of honey, which is very highly valued.

How does buckwheat grow?

If all favorable conditions for the growth of buckwheat are met, then seedlings appear already at the end of the first week after planting. How does buckwheat grow? Small green shoots appear first. In the second week, the first leaves are formed. Twelve days later - the second.

Branches with buds are formed at the same time. Buckwheat begins to bloom in three weeks. At first, her flowers are pale pink or white. During the ripening period, they gradually acquire more and more saturated colors. Also stems with leaves become darker.

Fertilizers

How buckwheat grows does she need fertilizers? Buckwheat is unique not only for its usefulness and honey, but also for the fact that this culture does not need fertilizers. They can even spoil it. Buckwheat is especially capricious to chemical fertilizers. Although they are sometimes used to obtain high yields.

Fertilizers are applied for crops during the flowering of the crop. Nitrogen levels must be accurately calculated and used with great care so as not to spike buckwheat. This culture, unlike others, already has a solid vegetative mass.

Buckwheat differs from many plants in its growth - the process occurs constantly, until the grains are fully ripe. This culture has a positive attitude to phosphorus and potash fertilizers. But buckwheat does not recognize pesticides. It is also unfavorable to gene experiments.

What does buckwheat look like during growth?

What does buckwheat look like when it grows? Buckwheat has an erect green stem. When the plant is fully ripe, its flowers turn bright red. In the core, leaves are not pubescent, triangular, partially colored green. The upper ones are sessile, and the lower ones are petiolar.

Shades of inflorescences - from white to pink (any intensity). Flowers have five petals. Inflorescence - in the form of a brush, numbering up to two thousand flowers in one plant. Buckwheat can even give two harvests over the summer.

When is the harvest?

Unripe buckwheat kernels are green. They taste like hazelnuts. The brown color (which people are used to seeing buckwheat in stores) is acquired under conditions of intensive industrial processing. Buckwheat is harvested while still raw and then dried thoroughly. This is done to increase the shelf life of buckwheat. Unfortunately, some of the useful properties are lost.

Interesting facts about Greek

This culture is absolutely not afraid of weeds. And in agriculture, such a plant is the only one. Where buckwheat grows, there are practically no weeds. It suppresses them, displaces them, destroys them in the very first year, as soon as it was sown. And on the second, weeds do not grow at all. And a person doesn't even need to weed.

How does buckwheat grow? Despite the fact that it is quite capricious to temperature extremes and cold weather, it is almost not demanding on the soil. The only condition is for the ground to be moist.

Buckwheat is not a grain. It is a plant from the rhubarb family. In Europe, buckwheat is not known in all countries. For example, in stores in many countries, it is sold in small packages of two hundred grams with an annotation about its properties and methods of preparation.

Buckwheat husk is sometimes used as filler for orthopedic pillows. They can be found in many stores in the People's Republic of China, South Korea and Japan.Orthopedic pillows can also be made at home on your own.

Relevance: September 2010

An article devoted to the analysis of the buckwheat groats market in Russia in 2009-2010.

• World buckwheat market
• Growing buckwheat in Russia
• Buckwheat production in Russia
• Russian foreign trade market for buckwheat
• Outcomes

Buckwheat, also called buckwheat, is buckwheat groats. The homeland of buckwheat is forest glades in the Himalayas, where it can still be found in the wild at an altitude of more than 3500 meters.

Buckwheat porridge is considered one of the healthiest cereals. This is due to the fact that buckwheat contains the most important nutrients: proteins, fats, carbohydrates, as well as calcium, phosphorus, iodine, vitamins B1 and B2, PP (rutin, which is industrially obtained from buckwheat). In addition, buckwheat contains a lot of iron salts, citric, malic acids, which are catalysts for the absorption of food.

World buckwheat market

The annual harvest of buckwheat in the world is about 1.5 million tons, of which half is in Russia and other CIS countries.

World imports of buckwheat groats fluctuate from year to year. In 2009, more than 120 thousand tons of this cereal were imported in the world.

Dynamics of import of buckwheat in the world in 2001-2009, thousand tons

The main importers of buckwheat in 2009 are Japan, France and Italy. The main suppliers of buckwheat to Japan are China, the USA and Australia. The share of these countries in January - September 2010 exceeds 95%.

Share of countries - buyers of buckwheat groats in world imports in 2009,%

The export of buckwheat in the world in 2009 exceeds 130 thousand tons. Annual export deliveries of buckwheat groats, as well as import ones, do not have a clear trend. However, over the past 5 years, annual export volumes have become more stable.

Dynamics of export of buckwheat in the world in 2003-2009, thousand tons

The leading exporters of buckwheat in 2009 are China, the USA and Poland. In world exports, these three countries account for more than 70%, of which China accounts for 45%, the USA - 21%, Poland - 5%.

The Russian Federation in the world ranking of countries - exporters of buckwheat in 2009 takes 11th place, in addition to the leaders, giving way to such countries as Portugal, the Netherlands, Latvia, Ukraine. In 2009, there were no import deliveries of this cereal to Russia. Taking into account this fact, our country is on the 82nd place in the ranking of countries - importers of buckwheat.

Growing buckwheat in Russia

Buckwheat is a national product in Russia. It has been cultivated on the territory of our country for more than two millennia. At the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries, buckwheat occupied 2% of all arable land in Russia (more than 2 million hectares), while the harvest amounted to 73.2 million poods (1.2 million tons of grain). Over the past 9 years, the cultivated area under buckwheat has decreased by more than 70%.

Sown area and gross yield of buckwheat in Russia in 2001 - 2009

In 2009, the sown area under buckwheat was 932.1 thousand hectares, and in 2010 (as of November 9) - 569.4 thousand hectares.

In proportion to the size of the sown area, the volumes of gross harvests also fluctuate: a reduction in areas leads to a decrease in buckwheat yield. In 2009, the gross harvest of buckwheat amounted to 564 thousand tons, in 2010 (as of November 9) - 372.3 thousand tons. It should be noted that despite the significant difference in the size of sown areas from 2001 to 2009, the gross harvest of buckwheat remained practically unchanged: in 2001 - 573.981 thousand tons, in 2009 - 564.04 thousand tons. culture. Buckwheat yield has grown since 2001 by almost 2.5 times compared to 2008: 3.6 c / ha versus 8.3 c / ha.

As for the yield per harvested area, it is decreasing: in 2009 compared to 2008 - by 10%. As of November 9, 2010, it amounted to 6.6 c / ha.

Buckwheat production in Russia

Buckwheat production from buckwheat has a positive trend. From 2001 to 2009, it increased by more than 17%. Since July 2010, the decline in buckwheat production began: in July 2010, the production of buckwheat groats decreased by 45% compared to July 2009, in August 2010 compared to August 2009 year - 54%, in September 2010 in comparison with September 2009 - 35%.Already in July it became clear that the drought would negatively affect the buckwheat harvest. Buckwheat harvesting usually starts in September, but this year, due to drought, they started in August.

Noting the emerging trend, the producers of buckwheat were forced to reduce its production.

Buckwheat production in 2009 - September 2010, thousand tons

In the current situation, the rise in prices is a natural consequence of the decline in production and, accordingly, the supply of buckwheat on the market. In January 2010, there was a slight decrease in the average prices of buckwheat producers - by 1.2% compared to January 2009. A slight rise in prices began in February. A sharp jump took place in July 2010: average prices for buckwheat increased by almost 20%. And in September 2010, compared to September 2009, the increase in prices was more than 55%.

Dynamics of average prices of buckwheat producers in 2009 - September 2010, rubles / t

The rise in average consumer prices for buckwheat has many times exceeded the growth in average prices for buckwheat producers. In January-February 2010, a slight decrease in prices can be observed - by 3% on average. From March 2010, the rise in prices began. In October 2010, the average price for 1 kg of buckwheat in Russia reached 63.48 rubles, while in October 2009 it was equal to 26.87 rubles. The average consumer price for 1 kg of buckwheat increased 2.4 times.

Dynamics of average consumer prices for buckwheat in 2009 - October 2010, rubles / kg

Domestic rail transportation of buckwheat in January-September 2010 decreased by 22% compared to the same period in 2009. The three leading sender regions are the Orenburg Region, Altai Territory and Samara Region. These regions account for more than 90% of the total volume of transported buckwheat. The main regions that receive buckwheat by rail are the Voronezh and Chelyabinsk regions, whose share in the total volume of rail traffic is 87%. This is due to the fact that one of the largest food companies Uvelka is located in the Chelyabinsk region, which includes Zlak CJSC and Resource LLC. OJSC "Hercules" is located in the Voronezh region. The company specializes in the production of buckwheat, oatmeal and Hercules flakes. In addition, the company is engaged in the acceptance, drying, processing, storage and distribution of cereals, cereals and oilseeds and corn.

Russian foreign trade market for buckwheat

As noted above, the Russian Federation ranks 11th in the world ranking of buckwheat exporters. In 2009, in comparison with 2008, the export of buckwheat increased by more than 15%. But in January - September 2010, compared to the same period in 2009, exports decreased, albeit slightly - by 2.3%.

In the first three quarters of 2010, the main buyers of buckwheat were Lithuania, China and the Netherlands.

Share of countries - buyers of Russian buckwheat in January-September 2010,%

As for the import of buckwheat, the situation is different here. During the years marked by large harvests of buckwheat (2007 - 2008), imports of buckwheat were carried out to Russia. In 2008, a little more than 4 thousand tons were imported into the country, mainly from Kazakhstan. In 2009, the import of buckwheat was not made.

Summing up, it is impossible not to mention the "shortage" of buckwheat and the "falsified" rush demand around this cereal.

The share of buckwheat in the total consumption of cereals in Russia is 20%, this is the second place (in the first place is rice - 40%). The human need for buckwheat per year, according to medical standards, is 3.5 kg per year. In August-September 2010, the purchase of buckwheat reached 10 kg per person.

Despite the drought, which led to a decrease in the buckwheat yield, one should remember about carry-over stocks. According to the Minister of Agriculture Elena Skrynnik, the remains of buckwheat as of September 7, 2010 are equal to 40 thousand tons. Its production volume this year will be about 450 thousand tons with a demand of 500 thousand tons.

The current situation is aggravated by the buckwheat crop failure in other countries, including the Baltic states. For example, Kazakhstan has already introduced an embargo on the export of buckwheat and sunflower oil.

The situation in the buckwheat market this year resembles the situation in the salt market at the beginning of 2006 and sunflower oil in 2008: after consumers buy significant volumes of the product at inflated prices, the demand for it will fall sharply and, as a result, prices will also decline.

To the begining

D. Kashintseva, analyst at ID - Marketing

November 2010

Buckwheat, despite its sufficient capriciousness, is very popular among farmers and agronomists due to its high yield and the fact that the demand for buckwheat, in particular in Russia, is quite large.

Cultivation of buckwheat is far from the easiest task in agriculture. This process requires a lot of knowledge and attention. This culture not only reacts strongly to the climate and weeds, but is also most susceptible to invasions of various pests. Let's figure out together how to grow buckwheat.

How does buckwheat grow?

Buckwheat is a cultivated plant. The most common varieties in our climatic zone are cultural and Tatar, the first of which is industrial, and the second is a weed.

This is how buckwheat grows

Cultivated buckwheat, grown in Russia in almost all regions with a temperate climate, is distinguished by its medium height and low intensity of pigmentation of the herbaceous part - only when it reaches technical maturity does the plant turn into a rich red hue. It is noteworthy that even at this stage of development, the heart-shaped leaves retain their green color.

The powerful taproot system has an impressive mass, which accounts for about 10% of the mass of the entire plant, and reaches a length of 50 cm.

Five-petal inflorescences of all shades of pink consist of 600-2000 flowers of both sexes; under normal conditions for the development of this culture, the flowering period can last about 1.5-2 months.
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Growing buckwheat

In the conditions of a professional or developed medium-scale farming, specialized agricultural technology is used in the process of growing this crop - in particular, a seeder and harvesting equipment. The professional seeder provides an optimal planting density, which contributes to an increase in germination rates. However, when growing buckwheat in the garden, it is quite possible to do without them.

Sowing buckwheat

If you plan to grow buckwheat at home, we recommend giving preference to one of the following varieties:

• Dikul - high-yielding tall determinate self-pollinated variety, resistant to drought and shedding;
• Nine - a self-pollinated variety with high germination rates with a large grain size, resistant to adverse weather conditions.

It should be remembered that buckwheat is demanding on temperature conditions, including significant temperature differences. It is recommended to sow buckwheat only when the topsoil warms up enough and the minimum daily temperature is not less than + 8oC. The active phase of the growing season will be most effective at a stable average daily temperature of + 15 ° C, and for flowering, the optimal indicator is + 25 ° C.

Despite the great popularity of this crop in professional agriculture, many farmers also practice growing buckwheat on their personal plot, preferring it among a wide variety of cereal crops.

Cultivation of buckwheat is an almost waste-free process - each of the products that this plant gives us has a considerable nutritional or agricultural value:

Buckwheat honey

• buckwheat is rich in lysine - an amino acid that is directly involved in the construction of protein mass, as well as vitamins of group B, P, E, iron, cobalt, nickel, manganese, copper and chromium;
• buckwheat honey possesses one of the most pronounced medicinal properties in this group of products;
• green mass (leaves, flowers) are used to prepare vitamin infusions;
• straw and waste from grain are used as animal feed or to obtain potassium-rich ash, which is used as soil fertilizer.

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Where is buckwheat grown?

Despite its unpretentiousness to the composition of the soil, buckwheat grows especially well on light acidic aeration soils in well-lit places adjacent to the forest belt. The material sown in such areas receives the required amount of light and is reliably protected by trees from the winds.

It should also be noted that the close proximity of the reservoir is also capable of qualitatively increasing the cultivated yield. When sowing in light soil, the drill distributes the seed as evenly as possible, the germination process of which takes a record short amount of time.

An excellent practice when growing buckwheat is to install hives around the perimeter of the field - this culture is one of the main melliferous crops, it is from it that the most useful and inexpensive buckwheat honey is obtained, which is very popular in Russia. In addition, experienced farmers know that the installation of hives can increase the yield of buckwheat by 50-60%.
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Tips for a novice farmer

If you are an amateur gardener and decide to experiment with crops, it is best to start with buckwheat, as it is one of the least demanding for regular maintenance. Nevertheless, many people have a completely fair question - how to grow buckwheat?

Sowing buckwheat at home

Let's start with fertilizers. For buckwheat sowing, it is recommended to apply mineral fertilizers, and top dressing must be carried out throughout the vegetative period. The most suitable types of fertilizers for this culture are potash, although buckwheat reacts quite well to nitrogen with phosphorus, which should be used once in equal proportions in the phase of active flowering.

Even without specialized equipment at hand, it is easy to sow buckwheat - it is best to use an in-line sowing method with a row spacing of about 40-45 cm, planting seeds to a depth of 10-12 cm.

Under favorable conditions, the emergence of seedlings is possible as early as 5-7 days, and within a week the plant releases the first true leaf. The formation of buds begins literally from the first stages of growth - after 3-4 weeks, depending on the early maturity of the plant varieties, they enter the flowering phase together. Fruit ripening occurs upward, as a result of which the grains collected from the lower tiers of the plant are more saturated.
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How to thresh buckwheat by hand at home? (video)