At what temperature to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse

Kirov, Margarita Ivanovna M.For the first time, they decided to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse. Tell me what temperature should be in it?
The success of growing tomatoes is due to many factors, and the temperature regime is one of the most important for their proper development. Find out what temperature is optimal for tomatoes when cultivating them in a greenhouse from this article.

Tomato temperature requirements in the greenhouse

The intensity of the consumption of nutrients from the soil and air by plants depends on the level of the temperature regime in the greenhouse. Tomatoes are quite capricious plants, for their successful cultivation, a certain combination of heat and humidity is required, while the requirements for temperature conditions at different stages of development of tomato bushes are different:

• germination of tomato seeds occurs at t ° + 20-25 ° C;
• prevent the pulling out of tomato seedlings, allowing them to form a strong root system, reducing temperature to + 12-15 ° C during the day and + 6-10 ° C at night for a period of 1 week;
• good development of tomato bushes will ensure the maintenance of the temperature regime in the daytime at t ° + 20-26 ° C and at night - t ° + 16-18 ° C.

Attention! An increase in t ° to + 25-28 ° C leads to intensive growth of tomato bushes, accelerated formation of flowers and ovary, overcoming the temperature index of the t ° + 30 ° C mark causes the cessation of flowering and falling off of the ovary, and exceeding the temperature of + 40 ° C leads to death of tomatoes.

The right temperature is very important for tomatoes grown in the greenhouse.

The temperature regime of the soil for the growth and development of tomatoes is no less important than the air temperature:

• cooling the soil to + 10 ° C slows down the absorption of moisture and nutrients;
• cooling the soil to + 5 ° C leads to wilting of tomato bushes, their death;
• overheating of the soil - t ° above + 28 ° C prevents the root system from absorbing moisture from the soil, also causing plants to wilt.

Attention! The optimal indicator of soil temperature, contributing to the good development of tomatoes is t ° + 18-23 ° C.

How to influence the temperature regime in the greenhouse

Since tomatoes are thermophilic, lowering the temperature in the greenhouse below +17 C ° leads to a decrease in the yield of tomatoes, although it is not critical for their growth.

They are also negatively affected by an increase in temperature above +30 C °. Based on these conditions, it becomes clear how important it is to maintain a stable temperature regime that best meets the requirements of tomato cultivation. The following techniques are an effective tool to maintain the temperature required for tomatoes:

1. Equipping the greenhouse with portable heat sources. Their use will be relevant during periods of autumn-spring cold snaps.

For seedlings in a greenhouse, it is recommended to maintain a temperature of 20-26 degrees

Attention! Lowering the temperature in the greenhouse below +6 C ° is detrimental to tomato bushes.

2. The presence of a ventilation system, consisting of vents, prevents overheating of the greenhouse. If the vents do not provide sufficient ventilation, keep the greenhouse doors open. At the same time, covering the doorway with spunbond or special nets will protect the tomatoes inside the greenhouse from drafts.

3. Air humidification allows you to regulate the temperature during the periods of its increase or decrease. To do this, in cold periods in the greenhouse, there must be a supply of heated water.

Water used for watering tomatoes should not be colder than +20 C °.

If the temperature is below 17 degrees, it will affect the yield of tomatoes.

4. Creation of additional film shelters allows to endure short-term cold snaps, without loss of yield. For this purpose, shelters can be used both outside the greenhouse and inside. When organizing a shelter inside the greenhouse, a frame is arranged above the tomato garden, on which the film is stretched. Such a shelter should not be used for a long time, as it can provoke overheating of the plants.

5. Mulching greenhouse beds will allow you to maintain a stable soil temperature for a long time, protecting it from cooling.

Compliance with the temperature regime in the greenhouse, necessary for the cultivation of tomatoes, will contribute to abundant flowering and the formation of an ovary, will be the key to a good harvest. The use of temperature sensors will facilitate the process of controlling the temperature in the greenhouse.

Caring for tomatoes in the greenhouse - video

What do tomatoes need in a greenhouse?

In order to grow tomatoes all year round, you need to live in a warm country with a Mediterranean climate. However, with the help of modern technologies, this climate can be artificially recreated in northern latitudes. In this case, the risk of fetal death can be reduced. This requires that the temperature in the tomato greenhouse is optimal.

Do not allow sudden changes in temperature during the day.

Tomato: why does he like warmth so much?

Rarely does a traditional houseplant compare in beauty with a bush of such a tomato - the whole plant is simply strewn with bunches, each piece with 10 fruits, 20-30 g in size.

Tomato is a very tasty and healthy fruit. Among all the known vegetables, he rightfully takes an honorable place. However, not many people know that a tomato is not a vegetable at all, but a real berry! Maybe that's why it is so difficult to grow it? After all, berries, as you know, are much more whimsical.

First, let's figure out what a tomato is and what it is eaten with. In Europe, this berry vegetable has been known since the 16th century. At first, the tomato was considered an ornamental plant and was afraid to eat, considering it poisonous, unlike tobacco, which was brought along with tomatoes. Smoking tobacco was considered healthy.

Tomatoes, or, as they are also called, tomatoes, are a plant of the nightshade family. The name "tomato" was given to the fruit by the American Indians, and the word "tomato" was invented by Italians, who, as you know, are big fans of these berries. They already know a lot about real tomatoes. Italians add them wherever possible, and in any form: fried, boiled or stewed. But the Spaniards even combine them with strawberries, preparing a special cold soup - gazpacho.

How to arrange a greenhouse for growing vegetables?

First you need to correctly arrange a greenhouse (greenhouse). A greenhouse for vegetables can be made of almost any material: polycarbonate, plexiglass, polyethylene and even old window frames. Tomatoes, too, will not "find fault" with the material from which the "house" was created for them, but their "requirements" are increased: the greenhouse should be light and have artificial heating. Therefore, in order to reduce the risk of death of tomatoes, their natural characteristics should be taken into account.

Recommended air temperature during planting and initial growth phase

Decide which greenhouse you need: capital or temporary. The construction of a capital greenhouse is more laborious, since it requires the installation of a foundation. This makes the structure heat-resistant and durable. So if you plan to turn tomato cultivation into a real business, you have to work hard to make a real palace with artificial lighting and heated soil. Then your tomatoes will grow at any time of the year and will not be inferior to their summer "comrades" in taste! The greenhouse is recommended to be "sheathed" from above with a bar, iron. The most optimal is the classic shape: drop-shaped or semicircular. It is believed that this form does not allow precipitation to linger on the roof of the building. The frame is built from durable elements that will withstand gusty winds and hurricanes.

If you already have a suitable greenhouse, you need to prepare it in a special way. Remember that where tomatoes grow, the temperature should not be allowed to drop below 17 degrees. Tomatoes are very thermophilic! The optimum temperature for them is 26-27 degrees. If you are growing a tomato in the summer, there should be no problem. For "winter" tomatoes, it will be necessary to significantly complicate the equipment of the greenhouse itself.

Much depends on the latitudes in which you live. So, in the north, in Belarus and Siberia, maturation will go slower, but in the Crimea - faster. The difference between the ripening of greenhouse tomatoes in different climatic zones is 1-2 months.

Another important tip: do not grow tomatoes in the same greenhouse every year. They "drain" the soil and stop growing. It is better to alternate crops: for example, sow tomatoes once, and cucumbers the next year.

The equipment of a winter greenhouse will have to be approached in a planned and balanced manner, without unnecessary costs you cannot do. What to do, you have to fork out for electricity bills.

Lighting for vegetables and berries

Lighting in the greenhouse in winter is very important. It should be bright enough to replace daylight for the plants. At the same time, simple incandescent lamps will not work; you will have to use "daylight" sources. Dim light will also not "please" tomatoes very much. It is precisely because of the savings on electricity that "winter" tomatoes have such a "plastic" flavor. Backlighting is also necessary at night.

Temperature for our tomatoes

The most difficult task is to maintain it at the right level throughout the entire period of growth and ripening of the tomato. It cannot be lowered in any way.

The key to a healthy tomato crop depends on the quality of the soil in which the tomato seedlings are planted. It should be as close as possible in composition to the one in which the seeds ripened.

In order to determine the temperature inside the greenhouse, you must first measure it outside. If the outside temperature of the greenhouse is minus, then inside the greenhouse it should be plus. The agrotechnical minimum for the growth of any plant was established once and for all. The temperature in the greenhouse cannot be lowered less than +6 degrees. This means that with a complete power outage, the temperature in the greenhouse does not drop below 6 degrees. Tomatoes, as already mentioned, will not live at +6, this is too low a temperature. Give them a limit of +15 - +17 (while their growth will be very slow). So, we conclude: you should take care of an "alternative" source of heating, so that the optimal temperature is always maintained.

You should start laying the heating pipes even before starting the greenhouse construction. Moreover, over the entire area of ​​the greenhouse, since the tomato does not like the cold. It is recommended to put thermometers to check the temperature in the greenhouse in several places at once, well before planting. You should check the temperature in each of them and keep records for several days.

Humidifying the air in a greenhouse or greenhouse

A certain distance should be maintained between racks, shelves with plants and walls. Thus, natural air will circulate in the greenhouse. When it comes to winter planting, the air must enter the greenhouse already warmed up. This means that the air supply should be set away from the plants. Air outflow can be carried out with a special ventilation device. This way you will avoid mold problems. Since the humidity in the tomato greenhouse must be high, this must be achieved artificially.

First, you can install special air humidifiers. Secondly, you need to water the tomatoes with hot water more often. Water temperature during irrigation should not be lower than 20-25 degrees. This means that water heating is also required. Some "kill two birds with one stone": they make pipes with water heating. This requires thermoregulation or vigilance. How you will heat the water depends on you. Some gardeners use solid fuel boilers, others use gas or electrical devices. Sometimes the system is closed in such a way as to heat the greenhouse along with the house. Do not forget that the greenhouse should be heated both day and night. Considering that the air temperature decreases at night, then at this time it is better to warm the air, that is, the heating systems should be turned on at full capacity (especially when it comes to cold regions where the temperature drops to -40 at night).

Heaters for growing vegetables

Paraffin heaters are often used as additional heating. This is one of the most popular ways to increase the temperature in a greenhouse. The paraffin heater is not only effective, but also completely harmless to plants. Special paraffin heaters for greenhouses humidify the air. However, it is necessary to monitor thermoregulation and ensure the availability of traction.

The soil is heated using an electric cable immersed in the soil to a depth of 15-20 cm. This is the same "warm floor" system. By the way, you can use it too. The only thing to keep in mind is the cable insulation. Wear rubber boots and gloves to avoid accidents. In addition, additional insulation in the form of special plastic protective containers for wiring will not be damaged. It is recommended to protect the cable with additional steel mesh. Remember, watering and electrical cables are a dangerous combination. The wires should not touch each other, they should be fixed with special brackets at a great distance. For greater thermal conductivity and safety, the cable is placed on sand, and sprinkled with sand on top. Then the soil is laid and watered: moist soil warms up faster.

Another way to keep tomatoes warm is to avoid any heat loss. To do this, the greenhouse is built very carefully, "glue" all the cracks and correctly fit the windows and doors, leaving only a properly mounted chimney and ventilation.Broken windows and torn polyethylene are death for tomatoes in winter.

So, summing up, recall: a properly maintained temperature, thorough watering with warm water and timely care are the key to good tomato growth. With a master's approach, you will get a generous tomato harvest at any time of the year. Good luck!

Temperature range for growing tomatoes

In order to grow a good harvest of tomatoes on your site, you need to choose the right plant variety, know and observe the most important conditions for growing them.

The optimum temperature regime for the soil in which tomatoes grow is + 20-22 ° С.

Special temperature regime of air and soil

Tomatoes (tomatoes) are among the most thermophilic crops.

1. Germination begins even at a temperature of + 14-16 ° C, but then the temperature should be gradually increased.
2. If you increase the air temperature to + 25-30 ° С, you will immediately see that the seedlings rushed upwards together.
3. Then lower the temperature to the original + 14-16 ° C in order to prevent the seedlings from pulling out. This technique contributes to the rapid formation of the root system, even in poor light conditions.
4. Temperature + 10 ° С stops tomato growth.
5. Temperatures above + 30 ° С and below + 12 ° С contribute to the cessation of flowering, the shedding of the ovary, because the high temperature makes the pollen sterile, and at low temperatures it does not ripen at all.
6. At temperatures up to + 5 ° C and above + 43 ° C, rapid damage to plants is observed, and then their rapid death.
7. Temperatures below -0.5 ° C cause the death of the entire plant instantly.

When planting seedlings lying down, not only the root, but 2/3 of the stem is placed in a prepared furrow, after removing the leaves from this part

Thus, the optimal temperature regime for growing tomatoes is + 20-22 ° С during the day, and + 16-18 ° С at night.

The optimum temperature regime for the soil in which tomatoes grow is + 20-22 ° С. Soil temperature below + 16 ° С leads to the fact that the absorption of phosphorus and nitrogen worsens, adventitious roots do not develop, access to water is limited, and this worsens the survival rate of seedlings.

Temperature + 10-12 ° С contributes to the fact that the roots completely cease to absorb nutrients.

Overheated soil is no less dangerous for plants.

Proper watering and lighting

Most varieties of cultivated tomato bear fruit both with long daylight hours and with a short one. To get a good harvest, it is worth increasing the light intensity for the plants.

When grown by dug-in stepchildren, the first side shoots are not removed by the stepchildren, but they are allowed to grow longer. Then the leaves are ripped off them, bent to the ground and covered with a layer of soil 10-12 cm.

The intensity of illumination directly proportionally affects the yield and fruiting of tomatoes. With a lack of light, plant growth is very quickly disrupted. So, cloudy weather can increase the period from the beginning of flowering to the ripening of tomatoes by as much as 10-17 days. The taste and quality of the fruit is noticeably deteriorated in bad weather.

Tomatoes are relatively moisture resistant, but they still have a fairly large water requirement. The frequency of watering and the volume of water depend on the specific characteristics of the soil, the level of solar radiation and the condition of the plant as a whole.
Watering tomatoes indoors is recommended in the morning, once or twice a week, mainly in warm weather. In the open field, plants can be watered in the evening until 19-20 hours. The water temperature must reach + 20 ° С.
Too frequent watering can lead to a deterioration in the air regime of the soil and adversely affect the overall activity of the root system.

Air humidity, like temperature, has a direct effect on the fertilization of tomato flowers.

The optimum humidity for growing this crop is 60-70%.
At higher humidity levels (80-90%), pollen on the flowers sticks together and stops spilling out.Also, with high air humidity, there is a high likelihood of fungal and bacterial diseases.
Low humidity leads to the fact that the pollen caught on the pistil does not germinate at all, therefore, the fruits are not set.

Improving photosynthesis and monitoring soil acidity

Carbon dioxide plays an important role in the process of photosynthesis. The natural gas content in the air is 0.03%, this amount is not enough for tomatoes to give a high yield. For this culture, the optimal proportion of gas is 0.1-0.2%. Naturally, this amount cannot be achieved. But various carbonic fertilizers can help you. With their help, you can achieve fast growing and early ripening of fruits.
You can increase the carbon dioxide content when growing tomatoes by applying manure to the site. In greenhouses, you can use dry ice or regularly burn kerosene or gas, which contains practically no sulfur. Such feeding of tomatoes is recommended to be carried out during the day, from 14 to 16 hours. It is especially important to feed in greenhouses in winter and spring.

Preference should be given to loamy and sandy loam soils, because they have high moisture capacity and air permeability.

Ammonia is also essential for normal plant growth. But it is worth remembering that when fertilizing the soil in a greenhouse with fresh manure, you should wait at least a week before growing tomatoes. Otherwise, ammonia poisoning of plants is possible, it manifests itself in the form of burns on the lower leaves.

Tomatoes can be grown outdoors in almost any soil, but loamy and sandy loamy ones should be preferred, because they have high moisture capacity and air permeability. In greenhouses, you can also use this soil, after mixing it with mineral and organic fertilizers.
Tomatoes are most often planted in the garden where cucumbers or cabbage grew last year.

The best acidity is considered to be pH 6.0-6.5. If the acidity is increased, then it is recommended to lime the soil, otherwise most of the nutrients will be inaccessible to the plant.

How to properly care for tomatoes

Unusual way of watering tomatoes.

After planting tomatoes, it is not recommended to water them for 2-3 weeks. For rooting and growth, the water that you poured into the holes just before planting is quite enough.
Water the plants later, but don't overdo it. It is recommended to water the tomatoes at the root using settled water at room temperature. When watering from a watering can (sprinkling), plants suffer, because the temperature of both soil and air drops sharply. This has a bad effect on flowering, the ovary occurs much later, most flowers fall off, the fruits ripen late.

High air humidity provokes a stop in the growth of green tomatoes, cracking of already red fruits, and apical rot spreads.

After each watering, be sure to loosen the soil and destroy weeds. The first loosening is 8-13 cm, the next 5-6 cm. The first loosening helps to warm the top layer of the soil in order to bring the temperature regime for tomatoes back to normal. Subsequent loosening is needed to ventilate the root system.
Lower leaves that age and darken should be removed promptly (once a week is sufficient).

How to properly fertilize

Tomatoes are very fond of fertilizers.

Most of all, the plant needs potassium, especially when it comes to fruiting. Potassium has a positive effect on growth at the first stage of development, on the formation of stems, ovaries, fruits, helps the plant to survive the lack of light.

It is necessary to remove the lowest leaves that touch the ground and any unnecessary stepchildren as they appear.

Nitrogen is used by the plant to form vegetative organs from the moment of germination to the beginning of flowering. You should not "feed" the plant with nitrogen, because such generosity will lead to the formation of very lush greenery, and flowers from the lower inflorescences may even fall off.If you nevertheless decide to increase the nitrogen fertilization, then do it after setting the fruits on the first inflorescences.

In addition, tomatoes require feeding in the form of fertilizers containing calcium, magnesium and iron.

Mineral fertilizers are often given in liquid form, immediately after watering. The first feeding is carried out 2 weeks after the tomatoes are planted in the soil, this is the approximate time when ovaries begin to form on the plant (on the first inflorescence). At this time, phosphate-potassium fertilizers are recommended (15-20 g of potassium sulfate and 20-25 g of superphosphate per 1 m2). Nitrogen fertilizers should be added when the soil is poor and this noticeably affects the growth of the plant (we add up to 10 g per 1 m2 of ammonium nitrate).

We carry out other dressings during the growth and ripening of fruits.

How to harvest and preserve crops

The ripeness of tomato fruits is usually divided into 2 categories: biological and technological.
Biological maturity is the process of seed formation and their covering with a hard shell. At this stage, the growth of the fetus stops, the green color brightens. The harvested fruits at this particular time will be able to easily endure long transportation. For 5-6 days, the fruits acquire their characteristic color, accumulate vitamins, sugars, acids.

If at this stage you have not yet reaped the fruits, then now is the time to do it, because technological maturity has come. The fruit, although not yet red, is completely edible.

Overripe fruits lose most of the vitamins and nutrients, the taste of such tomatoes deteriorates sharply, and the tissues of the fruit are completely softened. As a result, you will be disappointed in the long-awaited harvest.

So, the rules for caring for tomatoes, which should be remembered

1. Maintain the recommended air and soil temperature for tomatoes.
2. Provide good lighting.
3. Watch out for humidity, do not allow sudden changes.
4. Fertilize the soil.
5. Remove spoiled leaves and fruits in a timely manner.

By following these rules, you can easily get a decent harvest in your beds.

How to harden tomato seedlings correctly?

Seasoned seedlings, like a person, even look different from their counterparts, which do not have such a property. She is stocky, with a thick hairy stem. It has short internodes and a developed root. Hardening seedlings is a very important step in growing tomatoes. The harvest of tomatoes largely depends on its correct implementation.

Mistakes when choosing seedlings

Novice gardeners do not always know about such a stage in the life of crops grown in seedlings, as hardening. Such an amateur will go to the market and choose higher and brighter plants. Bring it home and let's land it. And in the evening he will look at the garden bed, and there is already one herbarium left. All the leaves turned yellow, curled up, the stems withered. What is the reason? And who is to blame?

The easiest way is to say: "The sun!" But the neighbor also has the sun, but for some reason the tomatoes stand for themselves and do not dry out. True, recently they were still inconspicuous, violet-green. And a week or two has passed, and they do not recognize.

Who's guilty

The fault, of course, is the seller who brought the unseasoned seedlings to the market. But the buyer is also wrong. When choosing seedlings, you must first of all evaluate the prospects inherent in its stems and leaves.

The seedlings must be stable. The stem should not sag and fall under its own weight. His weakness suggests that the seedlings were not thinned out, and she was not used to relying on her own strength. Then what will the tomato rely on after transplanting? Moreover, its root is weak, because only after diving (transplanting with a natural end cut) does the plant begin to form a strong root system.

The color of the stem and leaves speaks volumes. In hardened seedlings, it has a dark green color with a purple tint.

The presence of shaggy hairs on the stem also indicates the tomato's readiness to accept all the hardships of life in the garden.

It will become so only after properly hardening. How to harden tomato seedlings correctly? You need to start with seeds. The hardened ones are not afraid not only of cold, but also drought and phytophthora.

Seed hardening

So you decided not to buy tomato and pepper seedlings, but to grow yourself. How not to miss important moments of hardening? When to start hardening tomato seedlings? It is better to start even before it becomes a seedling.

Spread the seeds in a bowl on a piece of cloth, one part of which will then have to cover the seeds. Water 1 cm high is poured onto the bottom. It is good to add a couple of drops of "Fitosporin" for disinfection.

The day the seeds are in the room, the next they are hidden in the refrigerator. The water should be slightly icy, but not completely freeze. Two more days alternate warm and cold. Then they are taken out of the water and planted in the ground.

Seeds treated in this way produce plants that ripen two weeks earlier than those grown from unhardened seeds. The yield of plants is increased by 40%. More fruits will have time to ripen on the vine. After all, hardened seedlings can be planted two to three weeks earlier than unhardened ones.

The appearance of the first flower cluster occurs four days earlier, and they are formed not after two or three leaves, as in unhardened ones, but after one leaf.

When sowing such seeds, seedlings appear on the second day, and not in the form of loops, but immediately with leaves up.

It should be noted that hardening seedlings grown from unhardened seeds is less beneficial.

Do not be afraid that some plants will not survive this procedure. But the rest will be able to courageously face all the trials prepared by life.

Tomatoes by Vladimir Anderson

A person with a wide range of interests, doctor and gardener Vladimir Anderson grows tomatoes that grow at a temperature of 8 ˚С and easily survive frosts down to -5 ˚С. He shares some secrets on how to harden tomato seedlings.

The secret lies in the collection of seeds. He collects them from fruits that have ripened in the garden and have survived several frosts, and not from tomatoes lying for a long time on the window of an apartment.

He pays great attention to the selection of large and strong seeds. After all, a strong plant will not grow out of small ones.

As a result of selection, he receives hardened seeds with 100% germination and good immunity. As proof, Vladimir advises paying attention to self-sowing plants, which are usually stronger than greenhouse plants.

He hardens seedlings with a temperature difference from 35 ˚С during the day to 4 С at night. Pours only with cold water.

There is another similar way. Dry seeds are wrapped in cotton cloth, the name of the variety is written, rolled up in rolls and placed in a stable dish. Sprinkle on top with snow and leave on a window or balcony. When the snow melts, the water is drained and covered with snow again. When it melts, the water is again drained, not reaching 20 ° C, the seeds are placed for germination. These are two frosts in the garden. Seeds sprout quickly and grow strong.

Express method of hardening seeds

It is known that the best harvest is given by seeds several years after they are harvested. But it is not always possible to know exactly their age. Seeds of unknown age or from last year are placed in tissue bags and placed on a battery. After three weeks they will "age", that is, they will have the same characteristics as two- or three-year-olds. Pour them with hot water, the temperature of which is about 50 degrees, for two hours. Then they are placed in cold water for a couple of minutes and sent for germination.

How to harden tomato seedlings at home

Seedlings do not need to be filled with water. They are watered every 5-7 days, only when the leaves begin to droop a little. Do not fill in. This teaches the seedlings to lack moisture.

After the seeds have sprouted, and the plants have the rudiments of real leaves, they begin to harden. Once every ten days, the boxes are taken out onto the balcony. Before hardening tomato seedlings, it does not need to be watered.

Tomatoes germinate at a temperature of 25 degrees. Seedling boxes are taken out to a cooler place.

At what temperature to harden tomato seedlings

During the day, it should be there from 16 to 20 degrees, and at night even lower, from 8 to 15 degrees. But this is not enough. Gradually, the plants are hardened by opening the window. You can do this at night, three hours before the morning.

Hardening also occurs in a more extreme way. At a temperature of about 0 ° C, plants are kept for one hour. They must not be allowed to be blown by the wind at this time. Water the next day after the procedure. After a week, it is repeated, bringing the temperature to -2 ˚С. This time, you can hold out for three-four hours. Before tempering tomato seedlings, Oktyabrina Ganichkina, a famous TV presenter, an agronomist, advises putting a thermometer next to the box. And do not forget to look at him.

Hardening slightly slows down the growth of the plant, but it helps to actively form the root. It prevents the seedlings from pulling out, which often affects young plants in many gardeners.

Influence of fertilizers and biostimulants

With the introduction of nitrogen fertilizers, the frost resistance of tomato seedlings decreases. Therefore, it is better not to use them at this stage of growing.

One of the hardening elements is watering the planted plants with Energen. As the name implies, the plant will have more strength.

Hardening of plants in greenhouses

How to harden tomato and pepper seedlings in a greenhouse? Two weeks before planting in the ground, watering is reduced, airing longer and finally removing the film completely. In this case, the amount of water poured out remains the same, and the interval between waterings is increased. It is necessary to pour water until the clod of earth with the plant is completely wetted and make sure that it does not dry out. If, after opening the film, you notice that the leaves begin to fade, quickly close the plants. Gradually, they will stop reacting so painfully to sunlight. In the future, they are not covered even at night. Before planting, the seedlings become strong and take on a dark green color.

Hardening potted plants

How to harden tomato seedlings planted in pots? Two weeks before disembarkation, they are taken out into the fresh air. It is more convenient to transfer pots with seedlings by placing them in plastic boxes.

At what temperature can tomato seedlings be hardened? It should be at least 10-12 degrees. Seedlings are left first for a couple of hours. Plants are first shaded from direct sunlight. On the second day, you can increase the time spent in the fresh air to six hours, and on the third, leave it for the whole day. They also increase the time of exposure to direct sunlight. But for the night it is better to clean it up. Three days before disembarkation, seedlings are no longer hidden.

All this time, her condition is monitored, and with a significant deterioration, they are brought into the room faster.

It is necessary to harden the plant for at least three days. But the longer this process takes, the better.

How to harden tomato seedlings if you bought seedlings but are not sure about their hardening? Do not rush to plant tomatoes in open ground. Place them in a cool place first, then place them in a greenhouse, if available. You can place the seedlings under a tree or in another shaded area. Cover the first couple of days with agrofiber.

The hardening of the root system is facilitated by a decrease in watering. They are completely stopped a week before disembarkation.

Wind hardening of seedlings

It must be carried out very carefully. After all, plants, like people, react differently to the wind, and especially to drafts. They can even get sick from their exposure. Therefore, at low temperatures, plants are protected from the wind.

Why temper

There are various sugars in the leaves and stem of hardened seedlings. A thick layer of epidermis protects them from temperature extremes and wind. As a result, hardened seedlings yield significantly higher yields.

Seedling growing rules

Growing seedlings is the most crucial stage.It is with him that the planting of tomatoes in the greenhouse and further care for them begins. Indeed, the final harvest depends on how strong and healthy the tomato seedlings are. That is why at this stage you need to show maximum patience and attention.

Stage # 1 - sowing seeds

At first, for the first 20 days, the leaf system will not grow rapidly, but the next same period of time, its growth will noticeably increase. And after 35-40 days from germination, the leaves will go strongly both in height and width. It is here that you need to do everything necessary so that the seedlings cannot stretch too much:

• Keep the temperature at 18 ° C during the day and 15 ° C at night.
• Water the seedlings only 2-3 times, at the root: for the first time when all the seedlings appear, the next time in two weeks and the last time 3 hours before transplanting. Watering, by the way, needs to be done with water at a temperature of 20 ° C.
• Almost every day, the boxes with seedlings must be turned to the glass with the other side so that the seedlings do not stretch in only one direction.

Top dressing for the period of growing seedlings is not needed.

Stage # 2 - hardening of seedlings

Already in April-May, tomato seedlings are traditionally hardened by opening a window in a room with it day and night. And on warm days, when the air temperature is from 12 ° C and above, pots with plants can be taken out to an open area, for example, on a balcony or terrace, sometimes even leaving them under a film overnight. It is only important that the soil is always moistened during hardening so that the seedlings do not fade. As a result, well-seasoned seedlings will have a healthy bluish-purple hue.

And 5 days before planting the seedlings in the greenhouse, it is advisable to sprinkle all the plants with boron solution, in cloudy weather early in the morning. The calculation is as follows: 1 g of boric acid per 1 liter of water. This will help preserve the flower buds even on the first flower cluster, which means that the harvest will be rich.

Planting seedlings in a permanent place

It is also important that in the greenhouse where the tomatoes will grow, the vents are not only from both ends, but also from above - this should be taken care of in advance, because tomatoes during flowering will not do without thorough airing. Another rule is that a greenhouse for tomatoes must be completely illuminated by the sun's rays, from morning to evening, and only one bush nearby can significantly reduce the yield. That is why it is better to approach how to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse deliberately, providing for all the details and nuances.

Step # 1 - soil preparation

The beds in the greenhouse need to be done only along, and the number has already been calculated depending on the width of its structure. It is necessary to break them up a week before planting seedlings, 40 cm high, and 60 to 90 cm wide.And the passage between the ridges themselves is more expedient to make about 60 cm.

Step # 2 - fertilize the beds

For each bed of clay or loamy soil, you need to add 1 bucket of peat, humus or sawdust for each square meter. But if the beds are already made of peat, then sod earth, humus, sawdust or small shavings and half a bucket of coarse sand are placed on them in a bucket. On top of everything else - 2 tbsp. tablespoons of superphosphate and 1 spoon of potassium sulfate. Everything is well dug up.

Already before planting the tomato seedlings themselves, the prepared soil must be watered with a pink solution of potassium permanganate, taking 1 g per 10 liters of water, 60 ° C temperature. You need to water a liter per hole. A good alternative to potassium permanganate can be the prophylactic drug "Zaslon", which you need to dilute one bottle (0.25 l) for 10 liters and pour half a liter of such a solution into each hole, simultaneously spraying all the beds in the greenhouse.

Three 3 days before planting tomato seedlings in a greenhouse in a permanent place in each plant, 3 lower leaves should be cut off - this will reduce the likelihood of diseases, make ventilation more complete and contribute to the better development of the first flower cluster.

Step # 3 - planting seedlings

It is necessary to plant seedlings, which should be from 25 to 30 in height, vertically, while filling only a pot with soil mixture.But the elongated plants, seedlings up to 45 cm do not need to be buried - this is a common mistake, because the sprinkled stem will immediately give roots and the growth of the plant will stop altogether. That is why overgrown seedlings should be planted like this: in a hole 12 cm deep, another hole is made, at the height of the pot, which is placed there along with the seedlings. In this case, you only need to sprinkle the second hole, and the first will be temporarily open. And only after 12 days, if the overgrown tomato seedlings take root, the first hole is also filled up.

Tall tomatoes and hybrids are planted in the middle of the beds in a row, or in a checkerboard pattern, after 60 cm. If the distance is greater, then the harvest will drop by half - it has been verified by experience. After all, a free tomato plant always branches strongly, gives extra stepsons and flower brushes, and therefore the ripening of its fruits is significantly delayed.

As soon as the planting of tomatoes in the greenhouse is completed, it will not be possible to water them for another 12-15 days, so as not to stretch out in length.

Support tie technology

After 12 days after planting tomatoes in the greenhouse, all plants can already be tied to a trellis, to a height of 1.8-2 meters. Traditionally, tomatoes are formed into one stem, leaving 7 or 8 flower clusters. It is advisable to leave only the lower stepson with only one flower brush, and all the other stepsons from the roots and axils of the leaves must be removed as soon as they reach 8 cm in length. By the way, it is better to do this in the morning, when the stepsons break off the easiest way.

In order to prevent accidental infection of healthy tomatoes from a diseased plant, it is better not to cut off the stepsons, but to break them off to the side - so that the plant sap does not fall on the fingers. The columns from the stepsons need to be left 2-3 cm high

Pollination of tomato flowers

In order for greenhouse tomatoes to set fruits, they must be artificially pollinated - after all, bees are not found in this closed ecosystem. That is why in the afternoon, in warm sunny weather, flower brushes need to be gently, slightly shaken. And in order for the pollen to germinate on the pistil, after pollination, it is advisable to immediately water the soil or sprinkle it with water (fine spray) over the flowers themselves. And after 2 hours, the humidity of the air will need to be reduced by opening the window and the door.

Airing itself during the flowering phase of tomatoes is extremely necessary, and it is very important to prevent condensation from forming on the film. After all, waterlogged soil subsequently greatly reduces the content of sugar and dry substances in tomato fruits, which is why they become watery and acidic (which we usually buy on the market).

That is why watering the cultivation of tomatoes in a greenhouse presupposes exactly such, thanks to which the harvest will be at its best, and the quality of the fruits themselves will not suffer:

• Before flowering plants, you need to water the seedlings after 5-6 days, 4-5 liters per square meter.
• During flowering, before the beginning of fruit formation, watering is already needed more abundant than before, at 10-15 liters per square meter.

Moreover, the water temperature should always be in the range of 20-22 ° C - this is important. And you can water only in the morning, and at no other time - this is the only way to prevent the formation of excess moisture harmful to tomatoes.

Vegetable top dressing

A full-fledged cultivation of tomatoes in a greenhouse involves 3-4 root dressings during the growing season of the plants themselves.

The first is carried out 20 days after disembarking the seedlings in their permanent place. For 10 liters of water, you will need to take 1 tbsp. tablespoons of nitrophoska, 0.5 liters of liquid mullein or 2 tbsp. spoons of liquid fertilizer "Ideal" - 1 liter for each plant.

The second feeding is done on the 10th day after the first: 1 tbsp is taken for 10 liters of water. spoon of organic fertilizer "Fertility" and 1 teaspoon of potassium sulfate.

And already the third feeding should be done 12 days after the second, taking 1 tbsp for the same amount of water. a spoonful of superphosphate or 2 tbsp. tablespoons of wood ash, or 1 tbsp. spoon of sodium humate with 1 tbsp. spoon of nitrophosphate.Plants need to be watered at 5 liters per square meter.

Thanks to vegetative feeding, the fruits of tomatoes will be poured much faster.

Harvesting and storage

If the cultivation of tomatoes in a greenhouse in winter was carried out, and the first fruits have already appeared in the spring, then they should be harvested until summer every 2-3 days. But from summer to autumn already - every day.

It is also important to pick tomatoes correctly - without stalks, carefully folding them into special boxes on carts. This should be done when the fruits themselves are either in a pink degree of maturity, or in a red one. Moreover, the first option is much more profitable, because after picking red tomatoes, the ripening of the brush is significantly accelerated, and therefore, in the fruits located nearby, unfortunately, both the mass and the filling decrease.

And the best way to store harvested tomatoes is:

• Wrap each fruit in soft paper.
• Layered tomatoes in a box are sandwiched with hay, high-moor peat or sawdust.

Or you can specially purchase the seeds of such tomatoes, which were specially bred for long-term storage - up to 3 months or more. Diligence, patience and care - and the harvest of tomatoes in your greenhouse will be the most glorious!

What is the minimum temperature for tomatoes, peppers and eggplants? It is already urgent to plant it in the ground, and at night 10

Natalie

We planted tomatoes without shelter over the weekend. So far, everything is fine (in the suburbs). Today we will plant eggplants, they are already outgrowing.

Valentina Timofeeva

it is believed that frosts on the soil are possible until June 6, we have one year just on that day and frost broke out, the potatoes froze, etc., etc., even in the greenhouse there were tomatoes

Elena the Wise

If the temperature does not drop below +10 at night, then feel free to plant it. At +5 degrees, peppers and eggplants stop growing, but survive. Only frosts are terrible for tomatoes.

Natalia Solovieva

I dropped everything off a long time ago, about 2 weeks ago. At night it was less than 10 degrees and not anything, they are as nice as they are. All are already blooming. Khabarovsk.

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What temperature is needed for tomato seedlings? On sunny days 18-25 degrees, cloudy 15-17 and at night 8-10 degrees. Water as needed and immediately ventilate the room. If the seedlings begin to stretch, place the pots less often. 10 days after the pick, feed the plants - 5 grams of ammonium nitrate, 40 grams of superphosphate and 12 grams of potassium chloride per bucket of water. The second and third feeding is given 6-7 days after the previous one, while the dose of fertilizers is doubled. On the eve or on the day of disembarkation, the seedlings are fed again - 10 grams of ammonium nitrate, 40 grams of superphosphate and 80 grams of potassium chloride per bucket of water.

When growing tomato seedlings, you must not overheat the room and allow high humidity. Good seedlings at the age of 50-60 days should be squat, 20-25 centimeters high, with a thick stem, well-leafy and already have a flower race.

Evgeniya Taratutina

We had 4 nights +4 yes +5. And it's not hot during the day. Withstood, only turned yellow, turned gray. And eggplants and peppers will not do this kind of weather. They are thermophilic. very.

Is it possible in early March in the Moscow region. to plant seedlings of cucumbers, strawberries, peppers, tomatoes in an unheated greenhouse?

Lesnaya

Who advised you to think about such an absurdity? They just seem to be joking. Even in May, when planting seedlings in an unheated greenhouse, you have to keep your eyes open, and lutrasil is ready. The temperature, especially at night, can drop at any time to a critical one, and for thermophilic plants such a temperature is not lower than plus 5, and even then for a short time.

Lucy Ignatieva

yes, is it really possible, they immediately freeze, at first they are tempered by taking them out into the sun on a warm day for 1 hour more and then you will not get anything into the soil right away

milana

Wow, no, of course, they will definitely freeze!

Elena Orlova

Well, I have to beat the land in the greenhouse in the Moscow region with a crowbar, I think nothing will change in a week (the greenhouse is open), but even if you close it, nothing will work, okay, the top layer will warm up, but at night? when it's minus, everything will be bent, then everything would be sown and planted, if it were possible, and the air temperature can be 30 degrees in the daytime in the greenhouse, but the ground is icy!

Anatoly Yakovlev

If it is -2; -5 outside, then in the greenhouse at night -1; -4. During the day, in the sun, it can warm up to +20, and in cloudy weather, the temperature outside can be several degrees higher.

Tina Ezdakova

the film keeps the temperature at 1 degree. land is an important condition for planting. and it is icy. If it's freezing. then you can hide. but if the earth is not warmed up, this is bad. WHERE SO IN HURRY

Olga

Better in early May And now it's cold Everything will die at night

Brunette

of course not. For all this to grow, the night temperature should not drop in the greenhouse below +14.
This is especially true for cucumbers at +10, they do not grow at all, well, peppers are thermophilic.

Tomatoes will withstand +5 (turn purple), but will not develop at this temperature.

Irina Shabalina

Early in March. Earlier on April 15-20, do not think, I am planting at this time, but I also cover the UM for the night and spread out a half-shell with water throughout the greenhouse, and if it’s freezing, then turn on the heater with a fan at night.

larisk rat

Polycarbonate doubles the positive temperature. If it is +6 on the street, in the greenhouse it rises to +12, if it is minus, then at night the same minus as on the street, during the day it is slightly different in plus. You can plant after the ground warms up in the greenhouse to +8, plant only adult, two-month-old seedlings, hardened. Or after there is no sub-zero temperature outside, you can sow directly into the ground. In March, even in the south, they do not plant in unheated greenhouses, we start planting on April 1, a couple of weeks before that we just take them out to the greenhouse in cups.

Chiffa

The temperature in the ground is important. Not less than +15 degrees in the shade (it is inside the ground, not the surface). It is useless to plant cucumbers - they will slow down growth and stop. They need sun and warmth. I plant tomatoes and peppers in my NW region in a greenhouse in early May under a covering material that can withstand frosts down to -7 degrees. They grow and develop well (I have warm beds made). Conclusion: you need sun, warmth and 100% confidence that frosts will not hit in April. There is no point in planting in March. It is better to keep the seedlings at home.

Olga K

plant salads, green tea first, they will endure low temperatures. but you shouldn't rush with these plants yet