How to grow mycelium of porcini mushroom under fruit trees

The mycelium of the porcini mushroom is a good planting material, but it will develop only under certain conditions. Mushrooms are not plants; they need a different approach.

General characteristics and properties

Mushrooms are a separate kingdom of living organisms. They differ from animals by their immobile lifestyle and the absence of characteristic organs and tissues. Based on this, they have long been considered plants. They differ from plants in the way they feed, since they eat exclusively living or dead organic matter. In their cell walls, they have chitin, a substance characteristic of insects.

Anatomically, these organisms are a collection of cells united in filaments. The difference, for example, of mold from the fruiting body of the porcini fungus is the degree of self-organization of the filaments. In a mold, they are located and grow chaotically, and in a porcini mushroom, they combine, creating special shapes and structures. It is this shape of a large hat on a thick leg that becomes the hallmark of the species.

The fungus scatters its spores with the help of the fruiting body, and the animals that eat them contribute to the spread of spores over long distances. Poisonous species have taken a different path - their spores germinate on their own dying fruiting body and quickly form new mycelium due to decaying remains.

Mushrooms, like plants, feed on osmosis, that is, the absorption of solutions from the environment. Only these organisms are not capable of primary synthesis of organic matter, so they feed on ready-made organic matter.

All this needs to be known to those gardeners who have decided to engage in artificial cultivation of mushrooms in their plots. Your future pets need to be provided with plenty of biodegradable organic matter, moisture and warmth.And what mushrooms don't need is light.

White mushroom has another name - boletus. Bor is a pine forest. However, this name does not mean that boletus grows only among pines. It can be found among different plants, but he still prefers mixed forests with a predominance of pines.

In order for the boletus mycelium to develop well, forming an abundance of fruiting bodies, it is necessary that a lot of easily decaying plant organic matter accumulates on the ground in the form of falling leaves, needles, growing and dying moss. In the woods, the porcini mushroom grows exactly where thick moss or lichen cushions form on damp ground.

Boletus in culture

How to grow porcini mycelium? This can be done as follows:

1. Find a mushroom clearing in the forest where only porcini mushrooms grow, dig out the soil along with their fruit bodies, transfer it to the site and place it somewhere in a shady, damp place. This method is good because you transfer not only the mycelium of the porcini mushroom, but also the conditions for its further development. The disadvantage is the danger of transferring other forest inhabitants, including those unwanted for your site.
2. Growing mycelium is possible from a single mushroom cap. The main condition is that the mushroom must be old, and the cap is large, with traces of incipient decomposition.
3. Buy ready-made mushroom mycelium on a specific substrate. In this case, mushroom cultivation is akin to the first case. The only difference is that you are buying pure culture from nurseries. It is guaranteed to grow out of it exactly what is shown on the label.

However, buying, harvesting or transplanting is still half the battle. At this stage, the question of how to grow mycelium is still relevant.

Cultivation of porcini mushrooms (video)

Planting and care technology

You need to grow porcini mushrooms in the forest, that is, among the trees.You can imitate forest conditions in the garden, but it is better to use decorative plantings of coniferous and deciduous trees. Your piece of forest with mushrooms will look even more decorative.

How to grow mushrooms on an artificial forest site? It's very simple - just follow these steps:

1. Remove the top 10-20 cm of soil with a shovel near the tree trunk. The result should be a bare area from 1 to 1.5 m in diameter with a tree in the center.
2. Place the planting material in the formed ditch, then cover it with the same layer of soil that was removed at the very beginning.
3. Water the planting site carefully through a sprayer so as not to wash out the soil.
4. Cover the porcini mushroom planting area with straw, grass, leaves, sawdust, 20 cm peat.
5. Make sure that the mushroom planting site does not dry out.

The mycelium grown according to all the rules will yield a crop in 2-3 years.

The yield of the plantation will increase every year as long as conditions are favorable for it.

To stimulate the decomposition of organic matter to the desired state, the substrate can be watered with a special solution containing the necessary microorganisms, for example, Baikal EM-1. Periodically, the organic layer needs to be filled up.

Mycelium of porcini mushrooms (video)

Gallery: white mushroom (15 photos)

Self-cultivation of porcini mushrooms at home seems like a very attractive idea to many. After all, a white mushroom (or, as it is also called, boletus) is almost the most famous and widespread edible mushroom growing in the territory of the Russian Federation. It looks simple, but expressive - a thick white leg and a fleshy brown hat. Porcini mushrooms are used today to make sauces, soups and many other delicious dishes. One of the features of the porcini mushroom is that it does not change its color during heat treatment.

Under natural conditions, boletus grow in moderately humid places with different levels of illumination, under deciduous (oak, birch, beech) or coniferous (pine and spruce) trees.

Self-cultivation of porcini mushrooms requires the creation of conditions that will be as similar to natural as possible. It is not so easy, it takes some effort and some patience to achieve the result. For example, it is much easier to grow oyster mushrooms - many do it even on the balcony.

Boletus mushrooms can be grown in two main ways:

1. outdoors (for example, in your summer cottage or personal plot);
2. in the premises.

The second method, which involves the creation of a completely artificial environment, requires more significant investments. However, with the right approach, they can certainly pay off.

Seed preparation

Whichever method of these two is chosen, first you need to prepare a special seed. And here you need to know a lot of subtleties. Fruit bodies of ordinary boletus mushrooms are suitable as raw materials. Moreover, if you want to grow them on a personal plot under an oak tree, then you need to take those porcini mushrooms that grow just under an oak tree. The need for such accuracy is due to the fact that the boletus closely interact with the trees next to which they are.

In the harvested fruiting bodies, all the legs are detached from the caps. In the future, we only need hats, and even dried and wormy ones can be put into action. They need to be placed in a bowl of cold water (by the way, alcohol can be added to the water at the rate of 3 cups per 10 liters, this will further stimulate the germination of spores). In addition, you need to add 1 gram of potassium permanganate here and leave for a couple of hours.

Then sugar should be added to this bowl - 15-20 teaspoons per 10 liters of water. This is almost all - the mixture only needs to be infused in some heated room (if it's winter outside). The result is a liquid containing a large number of boletus spores.

Buying ready-made mycelium for growing

You can take an easier path and buy ready-made mycelium of porcini mushrooms in gardening stores. Foreign goods are considered the best in this market, but in any case, you should first buy a small trial batch.

When buying, be sure to specify:

• strain and variety;
• the rate of fouling;
• the resistance of this mycelium to mold;
• shelf life.

In addition, it does not hurt to talk to gardeners who have already grown boletus on their site - they will certainly give useful recommendations.

A good, high-quality mycelium should have a deep red color with small patches of yellow. If there are green and black spots on the mycelium, and a nasty ammonia smell emanates from the package, then the product is spoiled and cannot be used.

Advice

Purchased mycelium can be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature not exceeding +4 degrees Celsius. Here he can be kept for up to three months without any problems.

Correct preparation of substrates

Another important stage is the preparation of the substrate, that is, the mixture in which the porcini mushroom can grow. This substrate consists of sunflower husks, straw, deciduous sawdust, buckwheat, etc. But it should not contain mold and rotten pieces at all, otherwise it will not be possible to grow your own boletus crop on the site.

The substrate must be saturated with moisture before placing mycelium or spores into it. There are two methods for this - steaming and boiling. Regardless of the selected processing technology, the substrate must retain such a property as air permeability. During processing, the material can be left directly in plastic bags.

How to grow boletus in open spaces

Now let's figure out how porcini mushrooms are grown on a personal plot. Of course, there must be a suitable tree (or trees) in this area. And within a radius of one meter from this tree, the first step is to remove a layer of earth about 15 centimeters thick.Pour the seed with spores onto the roots (which must never be damaged!). For every 25 square centimeters, about 350 milliliters of seed is needed. Then you need to fill everything back with earth and pour several buckets of water (it is better to pour along the trunk, carefully so as not to dilute the spores). The optimal sowing time when choosing this method is from mid-August to mid-September.

The mycelium (mycelium) must be planted differently on the site. For this, a pit 30 centimeters deep and 1.5 square meters wide is pulled out. A substrate is placed in it in layers of 10 centimeters - it is alternated with the ground in such a way that a bed of 20 centimeters high is formed. It is worth, by the way, to provide it with sloping edges, this will allow moisture to drain, and not stagnate.

In this case, it is necessary to plant myceliums in a checkerboard pattern, and the distance between them should be 30 centimeters or more. Then the bed must be watered and covered with foliage.

Advice

The optimal time for planting mycelium is late summer or early September, but it must be borne in mind that the harvest in this case will not be in the same, but only next year. And as soon as next summer comes, you need to remember about the mushroom garden and start watering it at least once every seven days.

Growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium on site is more difficult than growing from spores, but ultimately yields a higher yield per tree.

How to grow boletus indoors

The difficulty here lies in the fact that for planting it is necessary to prepare not only the substrate and seed, but also the room itself. This can be a basement of a house, a special greenhouse, or, for example, an ordinary barn.

The substrate material for planting mushrooms indoors must be boiled for 60-80 minutes without putting it out of standard plastic bags. Then you need to drain the water (for example, by making several holes in the bag) and put the substrate under something heavy. After cooling, it can already be taken to the room where the mycelium was prepared for planting (it is the purchased mycelium that is needed here, and not the self-prepared planting mixture) and where the mushrooms will subsequently grow. This room should be sterile, for which it should be treated with 1% chlorine solution.

When mixing mycelium and substrates, ventilation, if any, should be turned off so that the spores do not scatter. This procedure takes place as follows: the mycelium and the substrate are placed on a disinfected clean table and manually mixed. The weight of the planting material should be 3-5% of the weight of the substrate.

Then the already grafted substrate must be folded into whole bags - from 5 to 15 kilograms each. Moreover, the substrate should be tamped as tightly as possible. Then you need to make a few neat holes with a blade. Cuts are best done at a 45-degree angle, and each cut should be no more than 5 millimeters.

These bags must then be placed on the pre-prepared incubation shelves. There should be ventilation holes around the edges of each shelf. Air should circulate freely here, but only after the incubation period of the mycelium, which lasts three weeks.

In addition, there must be a distance of at least 5 centimeters between the bags. The comfortable temperature for growing boletus mushrooms is about +25 degrees. If the temperature exceeds +30, then the mushrooms can get heatstroke and not germinate.

Plus, the room should have high humidity (85 to 95 percent). And so that mold does not start in such conditions, every day you need to clean the room with a chlorine solution. Such difficulties, of course, scare off many potential breeders, and they prefer to either plant mushrooms on the site, or not plant at all. But in fact, the possible result may well more than recoup the effort expended, and quite a few people have already turned indoor mushroom cultivation into a good business.

Porcini mushrooms will begin to bear fruit for the first time about a month after planting.

Advice

To make the mushrooms dense and not watery, it is worth pouring water on the bags with a spray bottle once a day. And this water should have a temperature in the range from +10 to +25 degrees. To prevent moisture from stagnating, the room must be ventilated after watering.

The second fruiting time will come in another couple of weeks. In general, with proper care, porcini mushrooms grown in an enclosed space will produce a crop for six months continuously. Of course, some bags can get moldy, and they need to be taken out of the room on time, but throwing them out is not always important - they can be a good organic fertilizer.

So, the cultivation of porcini mushrooms can be carried out in several ways, each of which has its own difficulties and characteristics. You need to choose, of course, the one that will be easier to implement for you. Note that growing mushrooms in a personal plot or in a basement can be not only a pleasant hobby, but also a completely successful business. At least there is a demand for porcini mushrooms among the population.

White mushroom is considered the most valuable and most delicious mushroom. Finding such mushrooms in the forest was considered a great success. This species grows in forests that are at least fifty years old. However, progress does not stand still and gardeners have figured out how to grow porcini mushrooms in a country house or garden plot with their own hands. In this article we will show you how to do it step by step at home.

Porcini mushrooms and conditions for their growth in your country house

For good growth, porcini mushrooms need certain conditions - air humidity 60%. In drought conditions, even in the presence of moisture in the soil, the fungus stops growing. Since the body of the fungus is not protected from evaporation, it dries up.

Temperature conditions are essential for good growth. Spores of fungi can grow at a temperature of +9 degrees, but the optimum temperature for good growth of mushrooms is between +19 and +27 degrees. If the weather is warm and rainy, mushroom growth will continue for 30 days. A porcini mushroom can grow up to 13 cm, and the diameter of the cap of such mushrooms will be 17.5 cm.

The life span of mushrooms is 13-15 days. After this period of time, the stem of the fungus stops growing, after two days, the cap stops growing. When spores begin to form, the fungus grows old.

For growing mushrooms in the country, it is necessary to provide conditions close to forest

Conditions for planting boletus in a personal plot

Boletus grow in coniferous forests, as well as in birch groves and in places where oaks and aspens grow. The roots of these trees have a beneficial effect on the growth of mycelium. This feature should be taken into account when planting boletus in a personal plot. It is necessary to plant mycelium in the garden in the place where spruce or pine grows. The resin of these trees has an antiseptic effect, killing disease-causing infections around.

Boletus cannot stand the neighborhood with fruit trees! The mycelium of mushrooms does not take root near them!

If there are no pine trees in the garden, you can place the myceliums next to the pine tree buildings.

Mushrooms will grow in the garden if you choose the right place away from fruit trees

The technology of growing mushrooms in a cellar at home

There is no need to create additional lighting for the growth of mushrooms. Accordingly, they can be easily grown at home in the cellar, if you follow the cultivation technology. Boletus grown in the basement will differ from mushrooms grown in their natural habitat only by their lighter colored caps.

When preparing a room for the growth of boletus, you must adhere to these recommendations:

• the floor, walls and ceiling must be concreted;
• walls should be whitewashed with lime with the addition of copper sulphate.This will prevent the mycelium from becoming infected with all kinds of infections;
• equip additional air ventilation;
• the temperature in the basement must be maintained from +12 to +15 degrees;
• humidity in the basement must be at least 80%.If the humidity is below the required rate, create additional moisture;
• vents should be covered with mosquito nets to prevent insects from entering the basement.

To grow mushrooms, it is important to prepare the substrate. It can consist of sunflower seed husks, dry corn stalks, or deciduous tree sawdust. Dry the substrate well so that there are no signs of mold or rot. Treat it with hot water.

For growing boletus, it is better to use mycelium grown in a special laboratory. You can try to grow seed material from mycelium brought from the forest, but in this case, a positive result is not guaranteed.

In the cellar, mushrooms can even be grown in flower pots.

It is best to grow porcini mushrooms in boxes filled with substrate. To prepare the substrate you will need:

• hay;
• sunflower seed husks;
• sawdust.

Sterilize the substrate and then lay out in layers in boxes. Place the boxes on racks, at a distance of 7 cm from each other. The mycelium is buried 5 cm in the substrate. The room temperature should be 24 degrees, humidity 88%. There is no need to ventilate the room at this stage. After the first shoots appear, reduce the temperature to 10 degrees and begin to ventilate the room.

Watering is carried out twice a day using a spray bottle. Water for irrigation should be warm. Turn on the light for six hours a day. After 21 days, you can harvest.

Planting with mycelium

If the mycelium was taken in the forest for growing in a summer cottage, then it should be borne in mind that it must be planted under a tree of the same breed, otherwise it will not take root. In order to plant the mycelium, it is necessary to remove the top layer of soil with a radius of 70 cm from the trunk under the tree. The depth of the removed layer should be 26-28 cm. Fill the resulting recess with the prepared substrate:

• soil taken under a tree;
• leaves and pine needles;
• bark of a tree under which myceliums are planted.

Growing porcini mushrooms on an industrial scale

Lay the mycelium on this mixture and sprinkle it on top with soil mixed with sand and pine needles, press lightly. Then pour the soil from the watering can and wait for the first mushrooms to appear.

You can also grow mushrooms from caps. To do this, collect ten mushroom caps with a diameter of 12-14 cm. Hats should not be wormy. Next to the tree where the mushrooms were collected, also collect:

• some soil;
• needles;
• leaves;
• twigs.

This will be needed when sowing. Rinse the collected caps, place in a bucket of spring water, or water collected during the rain for 24 hours. After this time, knead the caps well until smooth. You can grind them through a sieve. Drain the water separately into a container and start preparing the beds.

The top layer of soil next to the tree must be loosened, poured with water left over from soaking the mushroom caps. After the moisture is absorbed, you need to evenly scatter the frayed caps over the surface, sprinkle with soil taken under this tree and pour water on top. The soil must be constantly watered moderately. Water consumption under one tree is 40 liters. The water temperature for irrigation must match the ambient temperature.

When growing mushrooms from caps, you need to choose overripe fruits

Dilution with solution

To grow mushrooms with a solution, you need to take overripe mushrooms and chop them finely. Add 1 tablespoon flour and 1 tablespoon of gelatin to the chopped mushrooms. Pour water into this mixture, mix everything thoroughly and pour this solution near the trees. When this solution merges with tree roots, a fungus root is formed.After two seasons it will be possible to harvest the first crop of porcini mushrooms.

By the method of instillation in the summer cottage

To grow mushrooms in this way, you must:

1. Gather young mushrooms and chop finely.
2. Place finely chopped mushrooms next to the tree.
3. Sprinkle with plenty of water. Water consumption per tree is 40 liters.
4. The first crop can be harvested after 12 months.

A bed prepared for growing mushrooms using the burial method

Using mycelium in the garden

If the mycelium is purchased in a specialized store, then it can be planted in May. Sowing work on sowing mycelium can be carried out until September.

How to plant. Technology for beginners:

1. The site for growing must be chosen under a tree, where there is a sufficient level of humidity and lighting. On an area of ​​3 sq. meter, it is necessary to remove 30 cm of the upper soil layer (the mycelium package is designed for such an area).
2. We line the bottom with a layer of pine needles, put leaves and bark from the trees, under which the porcini mushrooms grew. The litter layer should be at least 10 cm.
3. Sprinkle with humus.
4. Mix mycelium with sand and sow on prepared bedding. To prevent leaching of the mycelium, it must be sprinkled with humus on top. The layer of humus should be at least 4.5 cm thick.
5. Water the area with drip irrigation. If there is no such watering, then you can use a watering can.
6. Make sure that the soil in the garden does not dry out.

After a while, a mycelium forms at the landing site. With this method of cultivation, you can harvest mushrooms from one place for five years.

When growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium, you can harvest an impressive harvest

Reproduction of boletus by spores in the garden

If the mushrooms have grown a little, they can be multiplied with the help of spores. To do this, you need to take an overripe mushroom, select all the pulp from the cap... It resembles a sponge in structure. This pulp contains the spores of the fungus. Chop the pulp with a knife or grind in a meat grinder to obtain a homogeneous mass. Place the resulting mass in a two-liter bottle, add 3 teaspoons of sugar, 20 grams of baker's yeast, pour this mixture with rain or spring water and place for 10-14 days in a warm and dark place.

Further 150 gr. dilute the resulting liquid in 10 liters of water, strain through several layers of gauze, pour into a watering can. Spill with this solution near growing trees. You can also water a bed of freshly planted strawberries.

In order for the spores to penetrate deeply into the soil, it is necessary to shed these areas with rainwater on top. The places where the spores were seated must be kept moist. For the next season, you can harvest mushrooms.

Subject to the technology of growing boletus, taking into account the peculiarities of growth and adhering to the recommendations, the cultivation of mushrooms is quite realistic.

How to grow a porcini mushroom in the country? This question is increasingly being asked by gardeners who are tired of constantly going to the forest for mushrooms. After all, it is so convenient to have a mycelium on your site, which constantly yields a harvest of useful mushrooms!

Growing porcini mushrooms in the country is a completely simple process if you approach it wisely.

What to consider

Before you start growing these valuable mushrooms in your country house, you should familiarize yourself with some of the features. As a rule, porcini mushrooms grow in the wild in coniferous and mixed forests. Myceliums interact well with the roots of these trees. Therefore, it is almost impossible to find porcini mushrooms in a clean meadow.

This must be taken into account before placing the mycelium in your area. It is best to do this in a place where at least one small Christmas tree or pine tree grows. Under such trees, not only mushrooms will constantly appear, but all other plants around will feel comfortable.After all, pine resin and substances released into the air by this tree kill all pathogenic bacteria.

All porcini mushrooms do not tolerate the fruit trees in the neighborhood very well. And often myceliums simply do not take root and die in places near such trees.

Be sure to take this into account and place the mycelium at least near wooden pine buildings or under bushes if there are no necessary trees nearby.

How to grow porcini mushrooms

Cultivation of porcini mushrooms in summer cottages can be done in several ways. And you need to choose the most acceptable option for yourself. Now we will consider some of the simplest and at the same time uncomplicated ways of growing porcini mushrooms at home.

How to grow a porcini mushroom directly under a tree? Please note that the mycelium should be placed under the same type of tree from under which it was previously dug in the forest. Otherwise, nothing will work.

First you need to remove the top layer of soil around the tree. This must be done within a radius of no more than 0.7 m from the trunk. It is recommended to remove the soil to a depth of about 25-30 cm.Now, in the resulting hole, it is necessary to pour and evenly distribute the previously prepared organic material from the dug soil, leaves or needles and pieces of bark of the tree under which it is planned to grow mushrooms.

Now you can lay the mycelium in a thin layer and sprinkle it on top with a mixture of loose earth with sand and leaves or needles. Do not sprinkle and trample heavily. It remains only to water everything from above from a watering can and wait for the first harvest to appear.

The second option for how to grow porcini mushrooms is breeding from fresh caps. This is an easier method, but in most cases the harvest takes a little longer. For breeding, you do not need to dig out completely the mycelium or part of it in the forest. It will be enough to collect at least 10 mushrooms, the diameter of the caps of which is 10-15 cm.

It is best to check the fruiting bodies right away so that they are not too wormy. Ideally, when you break off a piece of the cap, you will see a juicy green pulp. If there are several worms or insects on the mushroom, this is not scary.

The main thing is that the entire hat is not wormy. Under the same trees where the mushrooms will be collected, you should collect some twigs, leaves, needles and soil. All this will be useful for the subsequent cultivation of mushrooms on the site.

This growing method is also called sowing. First you need to prepare the material for sowing. To do this, all collected fruit bodies should be lightly rinsed in water, and then placed in a bucket of rain or spring water to soak. The next day, you need to knead everything thoroughly with your hands to get a homogeneous gruel. But practice shows that it is never possible to do everything perfectly. Therefore, it is additionally recommended to pass the mashed pulp once again through a fine sieve or cheesecloth.

Separate the pulp from the water using the same sieve (gauze). The seed and spore fluid are now ready. It remains only to prepare the place. To do this, slightly loosen the top layer of soil around the tree, and then pour it with the resulting mushroom water. When the liquid is absorbed into the soil, sprinkle the pulp of the mushrooms evenly on top. All this should be sprinkled on top with earth from under the same tree and again watered with a small amount of water so as not to clog the soil.

To keep the mushrooms growing as quickly as possible, try to constantly moisturize the soil. But you can't overdo it with water either.

The optimal amount of liquid per tree is about 4 buckets. It is advisable to water the mycelium with water at the same temperature as the surrounding air.

Cultivation of porcini mushrooms (video)

What else to keep in mind

What do you need to grow porcini mushrooms in a greenhouse? The answer to this question is quite simple.Nothing special! Growing in a greenhouse implies the same actions, only in this case, the mycelium should additionally be covered with a special material that allows light and air to pass through.

Growing in a greenhouse should be done during the cold season and summer when the nights are cold (it is recommended to cover the soil with a garden film, after sprinkling the mycelium with needles or small twigs and leaves). In the warm season, you do not need to do a greenhouse, since the mushrooms themselves must take root and begin to grow and multiply rapidly on the site.

It must be remembered that usually after planting the mycelium in the ground, the first crop appears only the next year. Therefore, one should not expect the mushrooms to start growing in the same season. After all, the mycelium must take root in a new place, adapt to the conditions. If we are talking about sowing porcini mushrooms with the help of fruiting bodies, which was already mentioned a little above, then the harvest can be expected here for 2 years, since the spores must develop enough to sprout and turn into appetizing mushrooms.

Growing a porcini mushroom in the country is not so difficult if you follow all the above tips. You just need a little attention and patience, then on the site it will be possible to constantly collect porcini mushrooms, which are very useful and fragrant. Just be extremely careful. Do not confuse porcini mushrooms with others, so as not to place mycelium or fruiting bodies with spores of poisonous or inedible mushrooms on your site.

How to grow mushrooms in the country (video)

Gallery: porcini mushrooms (15 photos)

Cultivation of porcini mushrooms in the country. In continuation of the mushroom theme, today we will talk about the cultivation of such a capricious forest mushroom as "White".

Of course, it is unlikely that it will be possible to get a harvest of porcini mushroom in an industrial volume, but as an experiment and variety it is worth trying. In the video tutorial presented below from the channel "Everything you can learn" the Author reveals in detail the topic of growing porcini mushrooms and will shine you into all the secrets of this process, which will allow you to avoid possible difficulties in the future. Enjoy your harvest and enjoy your viewing!

Cultivation of porcini mushrooms

How to grow forest mushrooms on the site? Proven methods!

How to grow forest mushrooms on the site? Proven methods! 3.64 / 5 (72.86%) 14 votes

It is not always possible to get out into the forest for mushrooms, but you can plant them on your site. If you like to do everything yourself, then you will love the idea of ​​growing wild mushrooms so you will always know where to look for them.

The peculiarity of most forest mushrooms is that the mycelium grows and develops better only by interacting with the roots of forest trees. It is good if birches, pines or spruces grow on the site - in this case, it will be quite easy to grow mushrooms near them. There are several ways to plant mushrooms - let's look at the most effective ones.

Methods for growing forest mushrooms on the site

1. Transplanting mushrooms from the forest

To plant in this way, you should dig out the mycelium and transfer it to your site. You need to transfer the mycelium very carefully, without shaking the earth from the excavated layer. Prepare the soil under the tree before replanting.

At a distance of about 0.5 m from the trunk, remove the top ball of soil 30-40 cm thick. Lay compost of leaves, wood dust on the bottom, pour and sprinkle with soil. Put the dug out mycelium on the prepared place, water it and cover it with a layer of fallen leaves.

For the first two weeks, if it is not raining, water the planting site daily with a drip method. For planting forest mushrooms, choose a shady, humid place. It is better to transplant the mycelium under the same tree as the mother's: they took the mycelium under the birch, which means it is better to transplant it under the birch. Be careful when choosing mushrooms for transplanting - do not bring poisonous ones to your site.

2. Reproduction by mycelium

The garden centers sell forest mushroom mycelium.Manufacturers on the packaging offer detailed instructions for planting. Planting the mycelium requires site preparation. Choose a place in the shade of a tree, at a distance of 50-60 cm from the trunk. Remove the top ball of soil 50cm.

The sowing area depends on the amount of mycelium in the package and is indicated by the manufacturer. At the bottom, lay the forest substrate by 20 cm: fallen leaves, needles, dust and sawdust. Cover evenly with a layer of soil 10 cm thick.

For the next layer, mix the soil with the substrate and fall asleep 10 cm. Next, mix the mycelium with the soil and growth enhancer (you can buy it at a garden center or specialized stores). Distribute the mixture by tamping lightly with your hands. The last layer is soil.

Immediately after planting, carefully water the sown area and cover with fallen leaves. To avoid preparing such a complex substrate for the mycelium, you can purchase a ready-made substrate for mushrooms - it can be purchased at garden centers and shops specializing in seeds and fertilizers. For the first two weeks, strictly observe the watering regime ... In the future, make sure that the soil at the sowing site does not dry out.

Mushrooms planted in this way will grow the next year, and the mycelium will fully bear fruit two years after planting. The mycelium will bear fruit in the period from 2 to 5 years from the first harvest. Gently loosen the earth above the planted mycelium regularly.

3. Mushroom seedlings

The easiest way to grow forest mushrooms on the site. Crumble or grind hats and pieces of forest mushrooms in a meat grinder, soak in water for a day. Around the tree near which you plan to grow mushrooms, dig up the ground and add forest substrate to it.

Water the prepared area with infused water with pieces of mushrooms and cover with fallen leaves. Experts disagree when the first mushrooms planted in this way appear. Some argue that they will be in the first year of planting, others in a year. The listed methods differ in the level of complexity, but all of them are most effective for breeding forest mushrooms. In these ways, you can try to plant porcini mushrooms, chanterelles and mushrooms.

Whichever method you choose to plant forest mushrooms, there are a few tips to follow:

• choose a place for planting in dense shade, make sure that the soil is moist, add drip irrigation if necessary, add a growth activator to the soil in the spring, plant mushrooms no further than half a meter from the tree, plant in a cool time of the day, the best time for planting mushrooms is from May to September

Remember that forest mushrooms do not take root very well near fruit trees. It is good if there are several forest trees, deciduous or coniferous on your site.

If there are no such trees on the site, experiment with planting near wooden buildings on the shaded side. You can transplant several young trees with myceliums in the roots into the site. This method is very time consuming and complicated.

It is not suitable for owners of small plots. Tips on how to grow wild mushrooms on a plot are controversial. The fact is that the result depends on many factors: time, weather, watering, soil, mycelium, etc., but it's worth it.

The mushrooms grown on the site are almost not damaged by insects and do not differ in taste from their forest brothers. Also, you will be 100% confident in their environmental friendliness, unlike mushrooms purchased on the market and collected from no one knows where.

Did you like the article? Share with your friends! White mushroom is a real delicacy. In the old ecological time, people caught fish in reservoirs with their hands, and mushrooms were mowed with a scythe ... Now there is a danger that our children and grandchildren will never see the porcini mushroom with their own eyes, and the impression of its taste will remain at the level of a food additive in chips.

But the age-old folk technology allows you to grow porcini mushrooms in your backyard.An indispensable condition for this will be only two points - ardent desire and patience. The mycelium of the porcini mushroom can be brought home and grown in a greenhouse or in a summer cottage. White is a colonel for all mushrooms.

Breeding it is a painstaking, thoughtful process. But the result will be almost a miracle, because many people still do not imagine that the cultivation of porcini mushrooms is possible in principle.

Mushrooms

Mushrooms are amazing creatures: representatives of wildlife with signs of both plants and animals. On Earth, from one hundred to two hundred and fifty thousand of their species have been discovered: they live on land and in water, in soil and on various substances.

Types of porcini mushrooms: (1-birch, 2-oak, 3-pine, 4-spruce) White mushroom - a mushroom from the Borovik genus. It is called "white" in contrast to the less valuable tubular "black" mushrooms: the flesh of the white on the cut does not change, does not darken when dried and acquires a special mouth-watering smell. But on the other hand, it is also more demanding on the conditions of fruiting. White mushroom grows in mature forests with mosses and lichens, where trees are more than 50 years old, and in pine trees - with pines 20-25 years old, it is found on Earth everywhere with the exception of Australia. He is one of the species that penetrated the Arctic zone, although it is rather whimsical to the conditions:

• his element is warm foggy nights and short-term thunderstorms; temperature drops and large precipitation are not for white; grows on dry soils with drainage - sandy and loamy, in a swamp and on peat bogs it is pointless to look for white; if the year is fruitful, the number of porcini mushrooms does not depend on the illumination of the growing area, if the conditions are not ideal, they appear mainly on warm and open areas.

White in taste is recognized as one of the best mushrooms. Its special nutritional value is also in stimulating the secretion of digestive juices. Science has described 18 types of porcini mushroom, the first four are the most common and popular: spruce, oak, birch and pine. The unique qualities of the porcini mushroom make it the most desirable acquisition for a mushroom picker. Cultivation on an industrial scale is unprofitable, but amateur mushroom growers breed it with success.

Cultivation of porcini mushrooms

Some features of porcini mushrooms. The technology of growing mushrooms on a land plot is simple, but it takes time, requires perseverance and accuracy. The bottom line is that forest mushrooms are in a strong symbiosis with trees, they cannot form without a partner tree, and the presence of trees on your land plot for growing whites is vital.

Ideally, if the site is adjacent to a forest or separate forest trees from 8 to 10 years old (pine, oak, birch or aspen) grow on it. If there are no forest trees on the site yet, it is worth planting them. There are two main ways of growing porcini mushrooms and several experimental ones.

Growing from mycelium

1. We buy porcini mushroom mycelium on the Internet. From May to September we prepare a site for planting. Around the tree trunk, we form a bare area with a diameter of 1-1.5 m, removing 10-20 cm of the upper soil on it. We put on the formed place peat soil or compost with a thickness of 1-2 cm. On the ground in a checkerboard pattern after 25-30 cm we spread the pieces mycelium of porcini mushrooms (one pack per tree). Cover the mycelium with a layer of soil removed at first and carefully so as not to wash out the ground, water the planting (2-3 buckets per tree). Cover the planting with straw 20-40 cm thick to maintain humidity at 40 %. we maintain the necessary moisture content of the mycelium, watering the planting as it dries. You can add microorganisms to the water during irrigation, for example, purchase Baikal EM-1 in advance, in the fall we cover the porcini planting site with a radius of 2 meters with moss, straw, fallen forest leaves, spruce branches for protection from frost, in the spring we remove the “blanket”.

/ Homemade products for summer cottages and farms / Growing vegetables, fruits, berries and mushrooms No matter how good mushrooms, oyster mushrooms and fragrant summer mushrooms are, a porcini mushroom or bright orange mushrooms with a pungent resinous-fruity smell are still better!

But they are becoming less and less in our forests, so it is very tempting to grow them on a personal plot. And I must say that this venture is not so hopeless.

No matter how good the champignons, oyster mushrooms and fragrant summer mushrooms are, but porcini or bright orange mushrooms with a pungent resinous-fruity smell are still better! But they are becoming less and less in our forests, so it is very tempting to grow them on a personal plot.

And I must say that this venture is not so hopeless. If your garden or backyard is adjacent to a forest or individual forest trees (birch, aspen, spruce or pine) grow on it, then you can try to grow porcini mushrooms, aspen mushrooms, boletus mushrooms, mushrooms here, although success is difficult to guarantee.

Most of the valuable forest mushrooms are in a complex symbiosis with trees. Their mycelium grows together with the roots of trees, forming a fungus root, or mycorrhiza. These mushrooms are called mycorrhizal. Their connection with trees is very complex and strong.

The mycorrhizal fungi, although bad, can still grow without a tree, but the fruiting bodies of mushrooms cannot form without it. So far, it has not been possible to breed mycorrhizal fungi in artificial conditions, without a partner tree.

However, it is still possible to grow them in natural conditions, and amateur mushroom growers have already accumulated quite a lot of experience. In Russia, at the end of the 19th century, especially appreciated porcini mushrooms and camelina were grown. These days, amateurs breed mostly whites.

Previously, this method was used. Overripe mushrooms were poured into a wooden dish with rain water, kept for about a day, then the infusion was stirred, filtered through a rare cloth, and the selected area under the corresponding trees was watered with this water with numerous fungal spores.

Business Plan Growing White Mushrooms

In another method, small (from a matchbox) pieces of mycelium are carefully dug out where the mushrooms grew, carefully placed in shallow pits in the chosen place (next to the same species of wood as the one near which the mycelium was taken), covered with a litter and slightly moisturize. If the weather is dry, periodically lightly spray the litter (do not water!) To keep the soil underneath moist all the time.

The third way is to use pieces of ripe mushroom caps. There may be different options here. Pieces of caps of fresh ripe mushrooms are laid out on the loosened forest floor under the trees.

After 4–5 days, these pieces are removed and the litter is moistened. Dried pieces of hats are also planted, which are already placed under the litter.

According to the method of amateur mushroom grower N. Veselkov from Vinnitsa (Ukraine), the tubular part of the cap is removed from mature porcini mushrooms, crushed into pieces up to 2 cm, dried, stirring, for 1.5–2 hours. Then, with a wooden spatula, lift the upper part of the litter under the trees and put 2-3 pieces of mushroom there, after which the litter is compacted and carefully watered.

Infusion of mushrooms should be watered the soil around the tree from the trunk to the border of the crown, and when planting mycelium, it is applied along the perimeter of the crown at a distance of 1.5–3 m from the trunk. With all these methods, the next year, you can get a small harvest of mushrooms under favorable weather conditions.

These will be individual mushrooms or small families for now. After another year, you can count on a more significant harvest. It should be noted that such methods of growing mycorrhizal fungi have not yet been theoretically substantiated.

Due to changes in weather and the influence of other unregulated or unknown factors, there can be setbacks.But they should not embarrass amateur mushroom growers, especially since growing forest mushrooms does not require any material costs, except for your, in this case, not very big, labor.

You can try to grow forest mycorrhizal fungi in the described ways in a nearby forest or grove, where there are pines, spruces, oaks, birches at the age of 10–20 years. At the same time, a place is selected that is similar to where the planting material was taken from (in terms of soil composition, forest stand, nature of undergrowth, grass cover).

Thus, it is possible to significantly increase the productivity of forest lands, especially in suburban forests, the mushroom reserves of which are gradually decreasing. The general rule for growing mycorrhizal fungi is to plant under a tree of the very species from which the mushroom or mycelium was taken, since these mushrooms are very attached to trees.

So, in a porcini mushroom, depending on what breed it forms mycorrhiza with, about 18 forms are distinguished, differing in the shape and color of the cap. The best conditions for fruiting a birch form of a porcini mushroom with a whitish or light brownish cap are birch forests with a motley ground cover, and for a pine or upland form with a dark-colored, brownish-cherry-red cap and a very thick leg - pine forests with a cover of lingonberries, heather or lichens.

Option 1: Grow boletus Amateur mushroom growers use the following breeding method porcini mushrooms ... A pit 30 cm deep and 2 m wide is dug on a site shaded by trees. It is filled with a nutrient mixture of a special composition. The mixture is prepared a month before the bookmark. It consists of fallen oak leaves collected in spring, rotten oak wood (5% by weight of leaves) and pure horse manure without bedding (5% by weight of leaves). The leaves are placed in a heap in layers of 20 cm. Each layer is sprinkled with wood dust and horse manure and watered with a 1% solution of ammonium nitrate. After seven to ten days, when the mixture warms up to 35-40 °, it is shoveled until a homogeneous mass is obtained. The prepared nutrient mixture is placed in the pit in layers of 10-12 cm, sprinkling each layer with a six-, eight-centimeter layer of garden soil. The total thickness of the poured soil is brought to 50 cm. In the middle, the bed is made slightly higher so that water does not linger on it. Planting is carried out with pieces of mycelium taken from the forest. The landing pits are staggered, at a distance of 30 cm from each other. The mycelium is harvested in an oak forest, in places where porcini mushrooms (oak form) grow. Around the found mushroom, they cut out layers of soil 20-30 cm in size, 10-15 cm thick with a shovel.These layers are cut into five to ten pieces and planted so that there is a layer of earth 5-7 cm thick above the piece of wood. slightly moistened, covered with leaves and shields to maintain constant moisture. Mushrooms appear next year. Option 2: Growing boletus For artificial cultivation, the most suitable mushrooms are humus saprotrophs (champignons, raincoats) or xylotrophs (oyster mushrooms, mushrooms, shiitake). However, amateur mushroom growers have always tried to grow wild mycorrhizal fungi under artificial conditions. One of these is the most valuable of this group - the porcini mushroom. It is quite difficult to grow mycorrhizal fungi. This is due to the fact that their mycelium grows together with tree roots, forming a complex symbiosis with trees. And without this connection, mushrooms cannot grow. The only way to grow such mushrooms is to grow them near trees (birch, aspen, spruce or pine) growing on a personal plot, preferably adjacent to a forest or planting. Despite the difficulties, mushroom growers still manage to grow mycorrhizal fungi. At the beginning of the last century, porcini mushrooms and camelina were bred in Russia on an industrial scale. Today, mushroom growers are fond of, mainly breeding porcini mushroom ... There are several simple ways to grow a porcini mushroom on your backyard. To do this, you need to find overripe porcini mushrooms. Place them in a wooden tub or bowl and cover with spring or rain water. Leave for 24 hours, then mix thoroughly and strain through cheesecloth. The result is a solution with numerous white fungus spores, which is watered on selected areas under trees in a personal plot or in a forest plantation. You can try another way. In the forest, find a place where porcini mushrooms grow and carefully dig out pieces of the overgrown mycelium. Then, in the selected areas under the trees, dig small holes and put there pieces of mycelium the size of a chicken egg. On top, lay a small bedding (2-3 cm) from forest soil and slightly moisten from a watering can. In no case do not fill with water - this will lead to decay and death of the mycelium. In dry weather, periodically moisten the soil around the planted mycelium with a sprayer or watering can. You can, as a seed, use overripe ceps. For this, the prepared area under the trees is loosened, the caps are cut into small cubes 1 cm in size and mixed with the soil, then the surface is slightly moistened. For planting, you can also use slightly dried porcini mushrooms, for this they are laid out on loosened soil, watered with water, and removed after 5-6 days. Millions of white fungus spores located on the surface of the cap, after watering, fall into the ground and can grow together with tree roots, which will lead to the formation of a fruiting body. With a favorable development, mushrooms will appear only next year. For a start, individual mushrooms will grow, then whole families. In the second year, you can expect to get a good harvest. These methods are used only in amateur breeding. To date, the industry has not mastered a single method of growing porcini mushroom on an industrial scale. However, among amateur mushroom growers, these methods are quite often and successfully used, especially where trees suitable for these purposes grow and the availability of high-quality planting material.

Creation of conditions for the development of mycelium as close as possible to natural ones. Boletus usually grows on dry soils with the possibility of drainage and, depending on the species, creates mycorrhiza with spruce, pine, oak or birch.

A sufficiently lit area with moderate humidity next to one of these trees is the most optimal place for setting up a future plantation.

It is best to do this from May, when the soil has already warmed up, to September (in the southern regions, this period is shifted until the end of October), until frost occurs, during a period of even weather without sudden temperature changes and prolonged rains. If there are trees of the desired species at least 10 years old in the garden or summer cottage, the area around them will be a suitable area for growing porcini mushrooms.

Growing technology

After the choice of the place has been made, you can proceed to its arrangement and work with the planting material. There are 2 ways of growing: from mycelium and using spores. Let's consider them in more detail.

From mycelium

For growing porcini mushrooms in the open field, you can use the mycelium, which is purchased in specialized stores, or harvested independently. Several pieces of mycelium, each about the size of a pigeon's egg, brought from the forest, provide an excellent natural material for the formation of mycorrhiza. It should be dug out very carefully so that later the mushrooms can more easily restore communication with the new satellite tree. The tree from under which the material is taken must be healthy, without shriveled branches.

Attention! The symbiont (partner tree), on the garden plot, should be of the same breed as in the previous habitat of porcini mushrooms: for example, spruce boletus is planted next to spruce, birch - with birch.

1. The center of the site with a radius of about 1.5 m is a tree, at the roots of which mycorrhiza will develop.
2. Then, along this circle, a layer of earth is removed, deepening into the soil by 20 cm (until the roots are exposed).
3. In the resulting trench, spread a layer of 2 - 5 cm thick compost from grass, wood dust and bark, or peat soil.
4. From above, in a checkerboard pattern with an interval of 25 - 30 cm, parts of the mycelium are placed.
5. The soil that was removed during the formation of the trench is poured over the planting site and carefully, through a watering can or a spray bottle, watered with two or three buckets of water.

Attention! When buying white fungus mycelium, you need to correctly assess its appearance and smell.

The color of the mycelium should be orange with a slight yellow tint. At the slightest hint of the smell of ammonia, refuse to buy: this material was stored in improper conditions and will not take root. Carefully follow the recommendations on the packaging for maintaining the moisture and temperature regimes for the material, if planting work is not planned on the day of purchase.

Through dispute

For this method, caps and a hymenophore of a porcini mushroom are used. It will take 5 - 10 mature specimens with large caps and a greenish tinge of flesh at the break. The sequence of actions will be as follows.

1. Soak the mushroom caps in a bucket of rainwater for a day.
2. Knead them directly in a container until a homogeneous mass is obtained.
3. Filter the substance through cheesecloth, do not throw away the settled pieces of pulp.
4. Dig out the planting site in the same way as when using the mycelium.
5. With a strained solution, evenly water the bottom of the trench at the rate of 2 liters per 1 sq. m of soil.
6. Place the remaining pieces of mushroom tissue on the roots.
7. Fill the hole with previously dug soil, pour 4 - 5 buckets per tree from a sprayer at a water consumption.

Regardless of the method of planting, further care for the mushroom plantation should provide:

• timely watering to maintain humidity (once a week, 4-5 buckets of water per tree);
• for protection from low temperatures, shelter within a radius of about 2 m.

Information has been actively promoted recently, according to which the technology of cultivation of porcini mushrooms in a greenhouse or basement is giving successful results. In practice, the tempting prospect of growing porcini mushrooms as vegetables, unfortunately, is doomed to failure. This is explained by the fact that the vital activity of mycorrhizal fungi, which include boletus, is closely related to the satellite tree, on the roots of which mycelium forms and develops. The most complex interrelation of biochemical processes taking place in the organism of the fungus and the tree is being established. And if, in the absence of a symbiont, mycorrhiza is still viable, the formation of the fruiting body itself is impossible without the participation of a tree.

How to increase the chances of mycelium to take root

Subject to all the rules for site preparation, planting and care in a year on a personal plot, you can get the first harvest of porcini mushrooms. At first, these will be single specimens or small groups. In subsequent seasons, with favorable weather and climatic conditions, the harvests will be more and more plentiful. And so that the mycelium successfully begins and develops, the following rules will help.

1. You should not choose wetlands, sandstones and loams for planting porcini mushrooms.
2. Do not try to use frozen mushroom parts for planting: such material is not viable.
3. When grown with spores, the caps should be soaked no later than 10 hours after harvest, but best immediately.
4. For 10 liters of soaking water, add 50 g (2.5 tbsp.) Granulated sugar or 4 tbsp. l. alcohol.
5. Prepare a disinfectant solution to reduce the activity of pathogenic fungi and bacteria that damage the planting material. Water the previously dug area 2 to 3 hours before sowing. Do the disinfection either by boiling oak bark (30 g per 1 liter of water) for an hour, adding water to the original volume during boiling, or by brewing 100 g of black tea with a liter of boiling water. Cool and pour it over the ground at the rate of 2 - 3 liters per tree.
6. Sowing white fungus spores no later than mid-September: this will provide both better survival rate and good wintering.

The plantation at the dacha will provide yields for three to four years. After this time, the mycelium of the porcini mushroom will degenerate. But, using your own planting material and the experience gained, you can create new mushroom glades.

White mushroom is an exquisite delicacy. This healthy and low-calorie food product grown on its own plot can become a stable and profitable business for every Russian.

A little more about porcini mushrooms

Amazing taste, special aroma, the existence of many recipes for cooking - this and much more helped to increase the popularity of porcini mushrooms. With a very low calorie content, they contain many useful substances. And the name "white" is given for the unchanged color during the thermal processing of the porcini mushroom.

It has another name - boletus, due to its large size and fleshy leg, similar to a barrel.

The mushroom can reach a height of 25 cm, the diameter of brown caps is 30-40 cm. There are several varieties of boletus: steppe, oak, pine (spruce), upland and spikelet. Mushrooms in nature are located near trees that correspond to their name.

Boletus likes: dry drainage soil, moderate temperature and humidity, abundance of sunlight, short-term thunderstorms. It is always popular among those who decided to establish the cultivation of porcini mushrooms at home. Fortunately, this process is quite simple and not very painstaking.

Our business valuation:

Initial investment - 2,000,000 rubles.

Market saturation is low.

The complexity of starting a business is 6/10.

Methods for growing porcini mushrooms

Today, the cultivation of porcini mushrooms at home involves two techniques: extensive (amateur mushroom growers grow them in forest areas - in their natural habitat, caring for artificially propagated myceliums) and intensive (artificial conditions are created, greenhouses, other special rooms and equipment are used). The second technology is acceptable for commercial mushroom growing and will be more interesting for those who are determined to follow with us all the organizational and practical points to start their own business.

As for the methods of growing mushrooms, there are three of them:

1. Growing mushrooms from spores. They take caps of 10-15 mushrooms, large in size, put in water (150-200 grams per liter), add 3-4 tablespoons of sugar or alcohol per 10 liters of water and leave for 24 hours in a warm and humid room. By rubbing the caps to a homogeneous mass, activated spores of porcini mushrooms are obtained. They are then sown in the prepared area. Around trees (oaks, spruce, pine or birch) carefully loosen the ground, remove the top layer of soil (10-20 cm), trying not to damage the roots. The mushrooms are poured with spore infusion and covered with soil that was removed. Watered periodically, without changing the time intervals and the amount of water between waterings.
2. Growing mushrooms from mycelium. A plot is formed around the trees, having removed the top layer of soil, peat soil or the 5th layer of special compost is laid. At a distance of 5-10 cm from each other, the substrate of the acquired mycelium is laid out and covered with soil removed from the site. Watering - as it dries, its rate is 20-30 liters near one tree.To keep moisture well, and in the cold season, the site is covered with a half-meter layer of straw.
3. The mycelium of porcini mushrooms is also suitable for growing this delicacy. To do this, it is removed from one place and moved to the personal plot. It is important to study the structure of the soil under the trees where it grew in the forest. It will not hurt to collect soil from this place, and then add it to the site during the process of laying the mycelium. We pour it into a loose and fertilized soil with manure, loosen it again. Having made indentations in the prepared soil, we lay out the fragments of the mycelium, sprinkling on top with a mixture of forest soil, sawdust, sunflower husk, straw and slightly moisten. The place where the boletus is grown must be constantly, but moderately moisturized.

In the southern latitudes of Russia, porcini mushrooms are planted from May to June, in the northwestern ones - the most favorable time is from August to September. And the plots bear fruit in the second year.

Boletus: we grow ourselves at home

Having created the soil of the correct composition, you can successfully master the cultivation of porcini mushrooms in your personal plot. For example, M. Lavrentyev, an amateur mushroom grower, grew porcini mushrooms on his plantation (area 12 m2). Its yield reached 50-60 pieces per square meter. The composition of the soil for sowing is known. On a layer of fresh horse manure (12-15 cm), he laid a mixture containing 40% turf, 30% rotten leaves, 20% rotten wood, 10% clay.

Many beginners are interested in how to grow porcini mushrooms in the country. To do this, you need to prepare a garden bed. Buy seed. Having chosen a darkened place under the crown of deciduous trees, we fertilize the garden bed, level the ground and introduce planting material into the prepared soil in one of the indicated ways.

You can grow porcini mushrooms (populating with mycelium) and on logs (any, except for white acacia and black walnut, not infected with other mushrooms). By the way, they are the tastiest. The log is buried a little in the ground, sprinkled with fertilized soil and, after sowing (making "mushroom dowels"), watered abundantly, sprinkling with chopped straw on top. Reproduction next year - from a few mushrooms to the appearance of mushroom families, and a year later - a whole mushroom plantation. Of course, this method is suitable for amateur mushroom growers and novice businessmen, for testing technologies.

Today, scientists have bred special varieties of boletus, which made it possible to grow porcini mushrooms in a greenhouse of a film or glass type. The main requirement is minimal illumination and protection from direct sunlight, maintaining high humidity. For this, at a distance of up to two meters, small containers with water (with regularly turned on spray guns) are placed for irrigation. Sawdust is good for retaining moisture.

Cep is grown on a specific substrate. To prepare it, you should purchase soil, mix with sawdust, manure, compost and organic fertilizers. The resulting mixture is infused for a week and stacked in wooden boxes. Boletus is best grown from purchased mycelium. After cooling the bag with mycelium, it is crushed, trying not to violate the integrity of the bag. The substrate is mixed with the mycelium in a box, sprinkled with a layer of soil not exceeding 7 centimeters. It remains to maintain the humidity, illumination and temperature of the room.

Some novice mushroom growers breed boletus in an apartment and on a glazed loggia. The main thing is to maintain a constant temperature and high humidity of 80-90%, there is little lighting and planting material (mycelium) of good quality.

Now let's look at how to grow porcini mushrooms in the basement of a house, sheds, hangars and other premises using intensive technology. We mix the substrate and mycelium, the latter in the mixture should be up to 5%.Having folded it in bags (although boxes are better for boletus), the mixture is tamped, and the bags are placed vertically on the shelves, making cuts on one side for the growth of mushrooms. Further, it is important to regularly ventilate the room and water the crops.

Where to buy mycelium for growing boletus

Where to buy porcini mycelium? This question worries all beginners. There are many specialized agricultural firms that grow it on compost, grain substrates (wheat, millet, buckwheat), peat, straw, sawdust and sticks, forest or sod soil with an admixture of humus. They are in Moscow and St. Petersburg, Perm and Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, Rostov and Chelyabinsk regions. Some are packed in plastic containers, others - in bags, the main thing is that the subzero temperature of storage and transportation is observed.

It depends on the variety whether the mushrooms will bear fruit in the first year, or only in the second. The acquired mycelium should have a mushroom smell, but by no means ammonia, characteristic of non-viable planting material. The bags weigh 10, 15, 20 grams, and must be purchased at the rate of sowing 0.5 kg / m2. The price of porcini mushroom mycelium from various manufacturers ranges from 60 to 100 rubles per 10 grams.

Industrial technologies for the cultivation of porcini mushrooms

In many countries of the world, the industrial cultivation of porcini mushrooms is considered a profitable and profitable business that brings regular and good income. Among the arguments in favor of the expediency of this type of entrepreneurship, it is worth noting:

• the mushroom picking season is fleeting, but the gourmet boletus grown at home is available all year round;
• environmental pollution contributes to the fact that mushrooms collected in the forest are hazardous to health;
• a start-up enterprise of a small volume, in the future - with an increase in working capital - it will be able to develop;
• the technology of growing porcini mushrooms on an industrial scale does not require special daily efforts; this occupation is easy to combine with various activities.

Mushrooms are grown on ridges (ridges), in bags, in special containers (common in Canada, America and Australia), on blocks (briquettes), which are placed in empty poultry houses, sheds and vegetable stores. There is one more system - on the shelves. The shelf system for growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium - Dutch technology - is best suited to industrial scale cultivation.

Scientists in Holland have bred a boletus variety that is the most resistant to reproduction in an artificial environment. There, high-quality mycelium (mushroom seedlings) can be easily purchased in special stores. The fact is that using seed from a wild mushroom is risky, there may not be any seedlings.

In this country, a set of equipment has been developed and patented for maximum mechanization of the technological process of mushroom production - for loading and unloading compost from shelves, applying casing soil, loosening it, and irrigation devices. In accordance with Dutch technology, the seed boxes are conveniently placed on the shelves, at some distance from one another. In rooms with myceliums, sterile cleanliness is maintained, and before the cultivation of mushrooms, it is treated with a disinfectant. All work with mushrooms is done with gloves.

The incubation period of the fungus takes place in the dark, at a temperature of + 23-25 ​​degrees, during this period it is not necessary to ventilate the area. But the fruits that appear need light for 5 hours a day. Natural and artificial lighting (for example, low-power fluorescent lamps) are suitable.

When the mushroom caps appear, the temperature is lowered to +10, the room is ventilated, since the porcini mushroom needs oxygen. Twice a day, the mycelium is watered with warm water, sprinkling through a spray bottle or through a small-drop irrigation system. Harvest after 20-25 days.

Economic feasibility of mushroom growing in Russia

If someone has a business idea to deal with mushrooms, then he needs to calculate all the costs and future income. Let's consider the economic side of the question: is it profitable to grow porcini mushrooms in a greenhouse? There will be expenses for paying for a land plot with an area of, say, 500 m2 - 600 thousand rubles; the construction of the building will cost 500 thousand rubles; about the same - 480 thousand rubles - the cost of purchasing equipment. And if you add up the sums of salaries, payments for utilities and transport services, administrative and marketing expenses, you will get 240 thousand rubles. And you still have to buy the seeds of porcini mushrooms. We add the cost of the mycelium (it varies from manufacturer to manufacturer) - the total start-up costs for the business are approaching 2 million rubles.

The income from the greenhouse after the harvest will be at least 400 thousand rubles. But you can pick mushrooms two, three or more times per season (it all depends on the mycelium). The investment will pay off in just a few years, and the mushroom farm will begin to bring its owners a stable profit.

You can sell fresh boletus through markets, supermarkets and restaurants, process them (drying and freezing, salting and pickling) for catering and sale through a retail network.

Self-cultivation of porcini mushrooms at home seems like a very attractive idea to many. After all, the porcini mushroom (or, as it is also called, boletus) is almost the most famous and widespread edible mushroom growing on the territory of the Russian Federation. It looks simple, but expressive - a thick white leg and a fleshy brown hat. Porcini mushrooms are used today to make sauces, soups and many other delicious dishes. One of the features of the porcini mushroom is that it does not change its color during heat treatment.

Under natural conditions, boletus grow in moderately humid places with different levels of illumination, under deciduous (oak, birch, beech) or coniferous (pine and spruce) trees.

Self-cultivation of porcini mushrooms requires the creation of conditions that will be as similar to natural as possible. It is not so easy, it takes some effort and some patience to achieve the result. For example, it is much easier to grow oyster mushrooms - many do it even on the balcony.

Boletus mushrooms can be grown in two main ways:

1. outdoors (for example, in your summer cottage or personal plot);
2. in the premises.

The second method, which involves the creation of a completely artificial environment, requires more significant investments. However, with the right approach, they can certainly pay off.

Seed preparation

Whichever method of these two is chosen, first you need to prepare a special seed. And here you need to know a lot of subtleties. Fruit bodies of ordinary boletus mushrooms are suitable as raw materials. Moreover, if you want to grow them on a personal plot under an oak tree, then you need to take those porcini mushrooms that grow just under an oak tree. The need for such accuracy is due to the fact that the boletus interact quite closely with the trees next to which they are located.

In the harvested fruiting bodies, all the legs are detached from the caps. In the future, we only need hats, and even dried and wormy ones can be put into action. They need to be placed in a bowl of cold water (by the way, alcohol can be added to the water at the rate of 3 cups per 10 liters, this will further stimulate the germination of spores). In addition, you need to add 1 gram of potassium permanganate here and leave for a couple of hours.

Then sugar should be added to this bowl - 15-20 teaspoons per 10 liters of water. This is practically all - the mixture only needs to be infused in some heated room (if it's winter outside). The result is a liquid containing a large number of boletus spores.

Buying ready-made mycelium for growing

You can take an easier path and buy ready-made mycelium of porcini mushrooms in gardening stores. Foreign goods are considered the best in this market, but in any case, you should first buy a small trial batch.

When buying, be sure to specify:

• strain and variety;
• the rate of fouling;
• the resistance of this mycelium to mold;
• shelf life.

In addition, it does not hurt to talk to gardeners who have already grown boletus on their site - they will certainly give useful recommendations.

A good, high-quality mycelium should have a deep red color with small patches of yellow. If there are green and black spots on the mycelium, and a nasty ammonia smell emanates from the package, then the product is spoiled and cannot be used.

Purchased mycelium can be stored in the refrigerator at a temperature not exceeding +4 degrees Celsius. Here he can be kept for up to three months without any problems.

Correct preparation of substrates

Another important stage is the preparation of the substrate, that is, the mixture in which the porcini mushroom can grow. This substrate consists of sunflower husks, straw, deciduous sawdust, buckwheat, etc. But it should not contain mold and rotten pieces at all, otherwise it will not be possible to grow your own boletus crop on the site.

The substrate must be saturated with moisture before placing mycelium or spores into it. There are two methods for this - steaming and boiling. Regardless of the selected processing technology, the substrate must retain such a property as air permeability. During processing, the material can be left directly in plastic bags.

How to grow boletus in open spaces

Now let's figure out how porcini mushrooms are grown on a personal plot. Of course, there must be a suitable tree (or trees) in this area. And within a radius of one meter from this tree, the first step is to remove a layer of earth about 15 centimeters thick. Pour seed with spores onto the roots (which must never be damaged!). For every 25 square centimeters, about 350 milliliters of seed is needed. Then you need to fill everything back with earth and pour several buckets of water (it is better to pour along the trunk, carefully so as not to dilute the spores). The optimal sowing time when choosing this method is from mid-August to mid-September.

The mycelium (mycelium) must be planted differently on the site. For this, a pit 30 centimeters deep and 1.5 square meters wide is pulled out. A substrate is placed in it in layers of 10 centimeters - it is alternated with the ground in such a way that a 20 centimeters high bed is formed. It is worth, by the way, to provide it with sloping edges, this will allow moisture to drain, and not stagnate.

In this case, it is necessary to plant myceliums in a checkerboard pattern, and the distance between them should be 30 centimeters or more. Then the bed must be watered and covered with foliage.

The optimal time for planting mycelium is late summer or early September, but it must be borne in mind that the harvest in this case will not be in the same, but only next year. And as soon as next summer comes, you need to remember about the mushroom garden and start watering it at least once every seven days.

Growing porcini mushrooms from mycelium on site is more difficult than growing from spores, but ultimately yields a higher yield per tree.

How to grow boletus indoors

The difficulty here lies in the fact that for planting it is necessary to prepare not only the substrate and seed, but also the room itself. This can be a basement of a house, a special greenhouse, or, for example, an ordinary barn.

The substrate material for planting mushrooms indoors must be boiled for 60-80 minutes without putting it out of standard plastic bags.Then you need to drain the water (for example, by making several holes in the bag) and put the substrate under something heavy. After cooling, it can already be taken to the room where the mycelium was prepared for planting (it is the purchased mycelium that is needed here, and not the self-prepared planting mixture) and where the mushrooms will subsequently grow. This room should be sterile, for which it should be treated with 1% chlorine solution.

When mixing mycelium and substrates, ventilation, if any, should be turned off so that the spores do not scatter. This procedure takes place as follows: the mycelium and the substrate are placed on a disinfected clean table and manually mixed. The weight of the planting material should be 3-5% of the weight of the substrate.

Then the already grafted substrate must be folded into whole bags - from 5 to 15 kilograms each. Moreover, the substrate should be tamped as tightly as possible. Then you need to make a few neat holes with a blade. Cuts are best done at a 45-degree angle, and each cut should be no more than 5 millimeters.

These bags must then be placed on the pre-prepared incubation shelves. There should be ventilation holes around the edges of each shelf. Air should circulate freely here, but only after the incubation period of the mycelium, which lasts three weeks.

In addition, there must be a distance of at least 5 centimeters between the bags. The comfortable temperature for growing boletus mushrooms is about +25 degrees. If the temperature exceeds +30, then the mushrooms can get heatstroke and not germinate.

Plus, the room should be humid (85 to 95 percent). And so that mold does not start in such conditions, every day you need to clean the room with a chlorine solution. Such difficulties, of course, scare off many potential breeders, and they prefer to either plant mushrooms on the site, or not plant at all. But in fact, the possible result may well more than recoup the effort expended, and many people have already turned indoor mushroom cultivation into a good business.

Porcini mushrooms will begin to bear fruit for the first time about a month after planting.

To make the mushrooms dense and not watery, it is worth pouring water on the bags with a spray bottle once a day. And this water should have a temperature in the range from +10 to +25 degrees. To prevent moisture from stagnating, the room must be ventilated after watering.

The second fruiting time will come in a couple of weeks. In general, with proper care, porcini mushrooms grown in an enclosed space will produce a crop for six months continuously. Of course, some bags can get moldy, and they need to be taken out of the room on time, but throwing them out is not always important - they can be a good organic fertilizer.

So, the cultivation of porcini mushrooms can be carried out in several ways, each of which has its own difficulties and characteristics. You need to choose, of course, the one that will be easier to implement for you. Note that growing mushrooms in a personal plot or in a basement can be not only a pleasant hobby, but also a completely successful business. At least there is a demand for porcini mushrooms among the population.

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