What fish are not grown in artificial reservoirs?

For reference:

The richest in vitamins, minerals and omega-3 acids is sea fish: pink salmon, chum salmon, cod, haddock, horse mackerel, pollock. Of particular importance in the human diet are fatty fish species: salmon, herring, mackerel. River fish - carp, carp, bream, crucian carp, perch, pike - are also rich in vitamins and minerals, but inferior in fat to sea fish.

Fresh fish has a slightly sweet smell, but not too fishy or muddy. Although some varieties of river fish (for example, catfish) can give off "mud". To get rid of such a "flavor", the fish is specially washed in cold salted water.

Do not ignore the fins either: they should fit snugly to the body and not intertwine. If the storage conditions are not followed, the fins will be unnaturally positioned and may also be damaged.

The tail of a good fish should be straight and not curled up or dry. The abdomen is flat, not swollen, without spots. If gutted fish is lowered into water, it should drown. This suggests that you have been sold a really good fish. If she surfaced belly up - you bought a low-quality product.

When buying chilled fish fillets, pay attention to how they are cut. The pieces should be even, and in appearance it should be dense.

By organizing fish farming in a pond, pool or cage method, the owner can sell an environmentally friendly product to the market at a high cost, and the suitable climate of our country and the growing demand for carp and trout make this business profitable and very profitable in all regions.

The content of the article:

• Fish farming methods in artificial conditions
• Features of breeding in artificial pools
• Common misconceptions of novice fish farmers
• Features of breeding in a pond
• Cage method
• What kind to grow?
• Carp breeding technology
• Trout breeding technology
• How much can you earn?
• Examples of successful "fish" business

The products of the world's oceans have been competing with livestock products for many millennia. Many treatises have been written about the benefits of these products. The World Health Organization recommends eating fish at least 2 times a day. The content of specific fatty acids (Omega-3) in it has a positive effect on the functioning of the brain and heart. Vitamin D is essential for proper bone growth. The consumption of salmon, trout and mackerel is very important for the normal development of the fetus and is recommended for pregnant women and children. Fish farming in Russia is a fairly relevant line of business and is constantly evolving.

Fish farming methods in artificial conditions

Business should be fun. Fish farming is best associated with relaxation and can bring a lot of pleasant emotions. Moreover, it is quite a lucrative and uncomplicated process.The arrangement of your farm does not require large investments, and the economic effect is quite tangible, and with proper housekeeping, you can get regular profits and an environmentally friendly product to your table. The demand for typical river inhabitants, be it sturgeon or trout, is constantly growing in Russia. A huge number of ponds, lakes and reservoirs, as well as the climate in our country make it possible to successfully engage in this type of activity in almost all regions. Artificial fish farming was practiced in ancient times. Currently, this method has reached a high level of development and provides for implementation in the following conditions:

1. In the pool.
2. In the pond.
3. Cage method.

The guarantee of success in this case will be the preparation of a detailed business plan, taking into account many risk factors.

Features of breeding in artificial pools

The advantageous quality of fish reproduction in artificial pools is that it can be positioned absolutely anywhere. This can be a garden or another part of the infield. Another positive point is the ability to choose the volume, material and shape of the tank. Such tanks are very durable, as they are made of fiberglass, metal or reinforced concrete structures. They require minor maintenance work and do not need very frequent cleaning activities. If desired, you can order pools of any shape, which will allow you to install it based on the availability of free space. As a rule, the walls of the tank, made of various types of plastic, have a smooth surface, which prevents their significant contamination, reduces the cost of water treatment and the likelihood of a fish epidemic. The ability to artificially regulate the temperature and hydrochemical regimes makes it possible to use reservoirs of this type all year round.

The installation of a closed water exchange, as the most advanced method of growing in artificial conditions, allows you to achieve complete mechanization and automation of processes. For the reproduction of fry in this way, it is best to choose gourmet varieties (sturgeon or salmon), since the installation of expensive cleaning and water exchange equipment increases costs by about 1.5 times. The saturation of the planting in such an environment is calculated based on the rate of water purification and its circulation. The fish productivity rate is from 20 to 100 kg per 1 m3. The method is simple, but there are typical mistakes when starting it.

Common misconceptions of novice fish farmers

1. Large production volume. The growing technique is quite simple, but in the absence of experience in this industry and making elementary mistakes, you can lose the entire offspring at once. To begin with, you should master the first basics of this business and get positive results, and then move on to industrial volumes.
2. Purchase of handicraft equipment. If you decide to equip the fry tank in compliance with all the rules and regulations, then you should work hard to purchase, if not the most expensive, then reliable equipment. In case of failures in the process of cleaning, oxygen enrichment or pumping water, the entire living mass of your pool can die and the costs will be colossal. The deal is profitable, but there is no need to rush and chase super-profits at the risk of all production.
3. Making a pool with your own hands. If you have no experience in building a pool or you are not familiar with the basic principles of building such structures, then you should resort to the help of specialists, which, if done correctly, will, of course, pay off. And having spent a lot of money and nerves on the construction and having received a colossal fiasco, you can stop your commercial zeal.
4. Poorly verified project accounting. Our man's hope for "maybe" never ceases to amaze and seemingly obvious things are not taken into account.Only accurate financial calculations of costs and profits, numerous consultations with experienced manufacturers and economists will help you avoid significant losses.

Features of breeding in a pond

This option is one of the least risky and is suitable for beginners. The minimum monetary threshold and the ability to use natural reservoirs without additional spending will allow you to get positive developments. In the territories of Russia, Belarus and Ukraine, you can easily find a suitable pond or backwater. There is an option with using your own artificial pond, which will force you to make additional investments in earthworks and has a certain risk associated with a lack of groundwater and critical shallowing of the pond. Also, in order to get a good profitability, you need a pond with an area of ​​at least 1 hectare.

Cage method

Assumes a combined approach to reproduction. It has both positives. So are the negative qualities. Natural waters with certain instrumental support are used. To implement the method, you need to purchase or build your own floating cage and stock it with fry. Cage lines are installed in lakes, river backwaters or reservoirs. The latter method, provided that the environment is heated, makes it possible to obtain population growth all year round. The main advantages of a cage farm:

1. Small area. Allows for better guarding of cages and simplifies fishing.
2. Possibility of implementation all year round. Most companies have a seasonal sales vector. This advantage will increase your profits.
3. You can use all types of pond, even for complex purposes.

What kind to grow?

Before starting a project, you should ask yourself what kind of fish you are ready to supply to store shelves. The main varieties for sale are carp and trout. Breeding, feeding and care methods are somewhat different. Carp is a very unpretentious variety that can be placed in many types of water and used less specialized feed. There is a lot of information about the features of technology on the Internet and specialized manuals. Growing trout fry is a somewhat more laborious process. You need to have basic fish farming experience and special education. This variety is extremely picky about the place of keeping and conditions.

Carp breeding technology

This representative of the marine fauna occupies a leading position in this segment of the freshwater aquaculture market. For the growth of fry of this species, artificial reservoirs, ponds and the cage method can be used. The following breeds are grown:

1. Scaly.
2. Mirror.
3. Linear.
4. Naked.
5. Ukrainian frame.

It is possible to cultivate carp in monoculture with various other species, including carp breeds. There are three systems of reproduction:

1. Extensive.
2. Semi-intensive.
3. Intense.

The extensive environment assumes feeding of carp with natural derivatives of bottom fauna and zooplankton. The method is characterized by a small increase per unit area (from 200 to 650 kg). The advantage is low feed costs and costs.

The semi-intensive method consists in drawing up the diet in such a way that it contains more artificial feed, which is produced in significant quantities by the agro-industrial complex. The lack of calories in the diet is leveled with the help of carbohydrate-type food additives (various types of cereals). With the correct selection of the ration, productivity reaches the level of 650 to 1400 kg per hectare. A clear advantage of this system is the ability to correct food energy deficiencies through supplementation.

The intensive system provides for the transfer of the entire generation to a complex feed that contains protein in high concentrations (up to 40%).The high value of nutrition leads to a large planting of the growth area, which requires additional aeration, if the norms are not observed, there is a risk of death of the offspring. The efficiency of this system makes it possible to receive from 5 to 20 tons per hectare of water area. A positive feature is the maximum utilization of water areas. However, there is also a significant risk of infection and epidemics.

Trout breeding technology

There are more than a dozen species of trout in the world's oceans. Two main ones are most suitable for industrial reproduction:

1. Brown trout.
2. Rainbow trout.

The first species grows in the waters of the Azov, Black, White and Caspian Seas. It has good taste and is one of the most valuable types of fish. It lives exclusively in cold conditions and requires a fairly high aeration. The rainbow trout grows in North America. It can live not only in cold streams, but also in warm rivers. Has excellent growth ability.

The cage method and the pond culture method are suitable for reproduction. However, trout does not breed in ponds and artificial insemination has to be used. You should adhere to the temperature regime from 4 to 18 ° C. It takes about 2 years to grow an adult ready for sale.

How much can you earn?

The expenditure and revenue side of the project will vary with the scale of production. The cost of carp fry varies from 60 to 120 rubles per kilogram. The minimum price of compound feed for him is 7-8 rubles. An adult is sold at 100-130 rubles per 1 kg. For example, you can take the average values ​​of the main points when growing carp. With the most conservative calculations with minimal volumes of the final product, the cost part looks like this:

1. Malek - 5200 rubles.
2. Personnel - 15150 rubles.
3. Food - 3350 rubles.
4. Other - 9350 rubles.

The regressive part of the accounting will be 30,050 rubles.

With a total profitability of 50,000 rubles, the net profit will be 19,950 rubles. A multiple increase in parameters will lead to lower costs and higher profits. The profitability with the correct organization of the process can reach 40%.

Examples of successful "fish" business

Large holdings with a wide network of export links are engaged in the successful cultivation of fish on an industrial scale in Russia. However, small and medium-sized fish farms, which are successfully increasing production in Russia (OOO Arskiy Rybkhoz, OOO Vyvenskoye, OOO Nazarovskoe rybnoe hozyajstvo), deserve great attention. Such companies are an excellent example of a verified technological and financial basis for fish farming.

What fish are not farmed artificially?

• Fish that are not grown artificially on farms and are not stuffed with antibiotics, growth stimulants, dyes, but are caught from natural waters, seas, oceans - this is pollock, catfish, flounder, perch, navaga, pink salmon, cod, salmon, saury, herring, chum ... The diet of fish grown artificially is poor, they do not have plankton and shrimp on the menu, which naturally affects the quality of the fish.

• Cod is grown in large quantities in Norway!

  There is a lot of cod in Russia from there, be careful

• The well-known and beloved fish with such a cute name - HERRING is not grown artificially on farms.

  At least, I have not found information anywhere that herring is grown artificially. It turns out that this particular fish is less dangerous for our body than salmon, salmon, carp, dorado, pangasius and telapia. And this is only a part of those fish that are grown artificially.

• When choosing fish, nutritionists advise buying one that has not been grown in fisheries. Such fish include: cod, saury, herring, pollock, pink salmon.

  Such fish is considered more useful, because, unlike their more fattened relatives, they were not fed with GMO feed and / or antibiotics.

  By the way, as an alternative, many summer residents are engaged in fish farming in nearby water bodies. Crucian carp is especially suitable for such purposes, which can adapt and reproduce well in almost any water. They grow well in captivity with veal. It is better to buy fish grown on farms not often.

Having approached the formation of the pond correctly, having studied the parameters of the water and preparing everything for the launch of the fry, the owner will be able to grow the fish to the optimal size. Careful care and cleaning of the artificial reservoir will increase the number of fish for sale, and therefore increase the amount of profit.

The content of the article:

• Home fish farming from scratch
• Fish farming as a business at home
• Equipment for the reservoir
• Costs and technology of fish farming
• What is the best fish to breed?
• Growing fish at home on a mini-farm: how to organize it correctly?

At the moment, many experts in the field of fish farming consider the fish business to be quite a promising direction. Therefore, by creating conditions for its development, it is possible to solve the problem of providing the state with fish and help fish farms in such a difficult task as the cultivation of various fish species.

Previously, it was popular to breed fish in artificial reservoirs, but in this case, poachers prevented the growth and development of young animals and grown-up individuals, it is for this reason that fish breeders began to engage in organized reproduction and raising fish on mini-farms and at home. But in order for fish breeding to be successful, a novice fish farmer needs to study the breeding instructions and adhere to all the prescribed rules. Without what, domestic fish farming will not bring the desired results?

Home fish farming from scratch

The most important resource for raising any type of fish is water. The growth, development and health of young animals will depend on its quality.

Step one. Creation of an artificial reservoir.

Before proceeding with the creation of a pond, it is necessary to devote time to a complete analysis of the water, having studied all the indicators and quality standards necessary for settling the reservoir with new residents.

For this purpose, it is best to contact Surveillance and ask specialists to carry out the necessary analyzes of the aquatic environment and give advice on improving it, if necessary. If the water quality is not up to standard, do not despair. It is enough to carry out aeration and cleaning of the pond and everything will return to normal.

Step two. Determination of the quality of water resources.

The water in the fish pond must necessarily have the following characteristics:

• Optimal salt ratio;
• Regular and irregular temperature conditions;
• The total number of microorganisms living in it and PH;
• General transparency;
• The presence of minerals necessary for future fish;
• Color qualities;
• The ratio of gases dissolved in water;

If all these characteristics correspond to the declared standards, then it will be possible to grow fish without any problems.

Step three. Launching fry.

Before you start the fry into the reservoir, you need to know what temperature regime is suitable for the fish species you have chosen. There are fish that are more suitable for cold water, and there are fish breeds that will only feel comfortable in warm water.

Cold-loving breeds include grass carp, carp, catfish, crucian carp, sterlet, silverheads, trout, peled and salmon. Heat-loving fish need to ensure the water temperature is not lower than twenty degrees, and for those who prefer cool waters from ten to twenty degrees. Wintering in the reservoir will also be determined by fish species.

Step four. Stages of fish growing.

In order to properly build your mini fish farm, you need to know that breeding stages are taken into account when growing fish.First, the fish spawn, then fry appear, then the wintering stage follows, the next stage of growth, and experienced fish farmers consider the feeding stage as the last step.

Taking them into account, it is possible to clearly distinguish between these periods and create the necessary scheme for the growth and development of young animals and reared individuals. For each of these stages, it is best to equip your own pond or use plastic pools.

In the pool or pond for spawning, fish farmers are engaged in removing fry from eggs. The hatched fry are transplanted into a pond where they will grow. Upon reaching a certain age, they are placed in a growing reservoir, where they will gain weight. When the generation gets stronger and it will no longer be possible to worry about its health, it is transferred to a feeding pond, but for wintering a special wintering reservoir is used with conditions appropriate for fish.

In order for the fish to grow and develop well, the water in the reservoir must be clean and enriched with oxygen. Also, it should not contain hydrogen sulfide and methane. To avoid their appearance, the pond must be created in an appropriate area, which can be determined using a geodetic map. Also in the reservoir there must be appropriate vegetation, which will saturate the water with substances useful for fish.

Step five. Feeding.

Not only does water play an important role in fish farming, but also the use of appropriate feed additives. In order to grow healthy fish, it is necessary to use feed mixtures appropriate for each breed. They consist of fats, fiber, legumes, grains, proteins, minerals and vitamins that fish need. The secret of success is simple: in order for the fish to grow well, fish farmers fertilize the reservoirs and mineralize them.

For each age of fish, it is necessary to use its own feed additives, as well as to raise immunity, use therapeutic and stressful feed, which helps the fish to cope with the disease and gain immunity to it. That is, in principle, all that is necessary to know for fish farmers who decide to grow fish at home.

Fish farming as a business at home

The most important thing for growing fish is water, without it it will simply not be possible to breed any of the fish species. For this reason, before deciding to grow fish at home, it is necessary to build a suitable artificial reservoir for it.

For this purpose, you can rent a state reservoir, but this idea is better left. Because it will take you a lot of time to obtain various permits and approvals, and in addition to all this, your "fishing spot" will also be threatened by poachers trying to catch as much fish as possible in your reservoir. For this reason, it is best to forget about renting a pond from government agencies. Moreover, the cost of a business based on state lease will be very expensive for you.

Another option is to create an artificial pond in your country or summer cottage. The creation of an artificial reservoir will also cost a lot, but it will still require much less material and nerve costs from you, and you will also be one hundred percent sure of the reliability of your business.

If you want to breed fish for which fresh water is good, then you can use a polycarbonate greenhouse with a plastic pool installed in it. It also needs to purchase compressor and filtering equipment, which will cost the lack of three thousand dollars. If you can create such equipment yourself, you can significantly reduce the cost of equipment for the reservoir. But before you start creating or purchasing it, you need to find out what kind of equipment and materials you need.

Equipment for the reservoir

Purification of water in a reservoir should be carried out using a gravity filter. It is quite simple to install and it will not take much of your time.It costs about five thousand rubles. It is used not only to purify water, but also to remove microorganisms that cause water bloom and mud.

In order to saturate the water with oxygen, compressor equipment is used. Its cost can reach ten thousand rubles. In order to prevent the water in the reservoir from blooming, sterilizers with ultraviolet diodes are used. To pump water out of the reservoir, you need to purchase a hydraulic pump (about five thousand rubles). You can also do it by yourself collecting it from the tubes. In this case, the reservoir will be filled with water from underground sources and springs. Feeders can be purchased at tackle stores. Also, do not forget about the drainage equipment.

Costs and technology of fish farming

The benefits of fish farming are clear. On the market, take, for example, a sturgeon, a kilogram costs about two hundred rubles. Buying fry or breeding them yourself, you can get up to a ton of fish per year, which is about one and a half thousand kilograms, which means three hundred thousand rubles.

Having spent one hundred and fifty thousand on your fishing business, you can work out the costs for a year and still make a profit. The main thing is to find points of sale and then you don't have to worry about profits.

Of course, only those people who understand all the risks and are ready to take them can engage in fish farming, because this type of business is quite competitive. And if you are not ready to fight and breed really high-quality and selective fish, it is better not to start it.

And now, finally, you have made a firm decision to create your own fish farm. What documents do you need? Since you will be starting a business, you will need to register your business. This will also require additional costs. You will also need a license to grow fish, which you will need to issue. And when you get the first "harvest", you still have to go through product quality control and obtain a special permit from the relevant structures.

What is the best fish to breed?

While the cost of creating an artificial reservoir is easy to calculate, the cost of purchasing and raising fish is very difficult. It is for this reason that a clear business plan must be drawn up.

The most unpretentious fish in food and maintenance is carp. It is also affordable and affordable. When purchasing a ton of carp fry, you will need to spend about a thousand dollars. Moreover, this fish breed will not begin to multiply immediately, but only after three years. In addition, in the cold season, carps grow twice as slow.

In industrial terms, the most profitable fish species are considered to be all varieties of sturgeon. An adult sturgeon weighs an average of five hundred grams. A kilogram of sturgeon at wholesale will cost about ten dollars. In your artificial pond, you can grow about a ton of such fish in six months. And this means that this business can really be called profitable.

Growing fish at home on a mini-farm: how to organize it correctly?

If you follow all of the above tips, then growing fish in your pond or pool is not a problem. This is exactly what the farmer Mikhail Atamanov, who grows sterlet and trout on his farm in Yaroslavl, does. He grows and sells up to ten tons of fish per year and is not going to stop there. According to him, such a business brings him not only tangible profit, but also pleasure.

In our economically difficult times, many are trying to find alternative sources of income. And if you are one of them, you may be interested in your own fish farm. And for this it is not at all necessary to have a pond or a lake in private ownership. A small pond is suitable for this. You can dig out a pond for fish farming yourself.Of course, in this case, you will not get big profits, but you will always be able to provide your family with fresh produce. And this, you see, is important. Growing fish at home does not require large expenses, so people can do it even with a small start-up capital. Fisheries technology is akin to animal husbandry: in order to get a good result, it is necessary to create comfortable conditions for aquatic animals. This article will describe some recommendations for growing carp, crucian carp, carp. Fish farming in the country is quite real!

To start with it?

At first glance, fish farming at home is not easy. But this is only at first glance: of course, there are some nuances here, but after overcoming the first difficulties, you will understand that everything is not so difficult. Of course, this venture requires a free area, not necessarily very large. Depending on how many pets you are going to settle in the reservoir, calculate its area and depth. You will also have to purchase fry. If this is not possible, then you can independently catch several individuals during the spawning period. Just remember that in this case, the final stage of growing will take a little longer. And yet, the water temperature in your reservoir should be exactly the same as in the natural one. Otherwise, the fish will die.

What breeds should I give preference to?

Not sure which fry to start? Before organizing fish farming at home, carefully familiarize yourself with the life features of those species that you would like to see in your pond, and later on the table. If you do not want to bother too much in this matter, then preference should be given to carp, crucian carp, carp, bream, tench.

Features of each type

Tench is a very shy fish, so if the choice fell on this particular breed, then take care in advance of a reliable shelter for pets. Lay out a house out of stone and branches where the fish can take refuge. And if the conditions of detention are met, then the fish will gain about two hundred grams in weight per year. Do you think tench grows very slowly? Pay attention to the carp. In practice, it turned out that fish breeding at home becomes more effective if crucians or carps are put into the pond. They grow much faster and are unpretentious in care. These representatives of cyprinids feed on almost everything: algae, insects, porridge, earthworms. This is their favorite food.

Some nuances

You should pay attention to the following fact. Year-round cultivation in self-dug ponds only makes sense when you have the opportunity to leave the fish for the winter. For this, the reservoir must be deep enough, otherwise the water in severe frosts will freeze to the bottom and aquatic inhabitants will die. If the conditions of keeping do not correspond to the optimal ones, release the fish into the pond for growing in the warm season: April – November.

Feeding features

Of course, in order for the fish to gain weight faster, it must eat well. And for this, the temperature in the pond must be high enough. It is advisable to feed the fish at the same time, then carps and crucians will be waiting for you at the appointed hours. Give steamed grain, small insects, worms as feed. If funds allow, you can buy ready-made fish mixes. In the presence of a small reservoir, it is better to make a pallet with sides made of galvanized iron, which can be taken out of the water. It is more convenient to sprinkle food on it, and besides, you can observe the intensity with which your pets eat. In the hot season, watch the water level, if it starts to fall, you will have to reduce the number of inhabitants of the pond. You can determine this by how carps behave: if they float to the surface and gasp for air, then there is not enough oxygen in the water.For a favorable existence, crucians and carps need a water temperature of twenty-twenty-seven degrees. You will have finished products for the third season. Now you know that fish farming at home is a painstaking, sometimes difficult business, but very interesting, and most importantly - profitable. Of course, a good result will be influenced not only by your efforts, but also by the weather conditions. Any seasoned fish farmer will tell you that you can adapt to anything. And then there will always be fresh fish on your table. And you can always easily sell the surplus on the market. Those who are interested in growing fish at home can only wish good luck!

In the human diet, a product such as fish must be present without fail. You can buy it in any store or market, but you can also grow it yourself: of all freshwater fish species, the most profitable for breeding is a relative of the wild river carp - carp... It is about how to breed this fish in a personal plot in small ponds or pools that will be discussed in this article.

Advantages and disadvantages of carp breeding

Growing carp on your own has both advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages:

• Fast growth - unlike other representatives of its family, this cultivated species grows very quickly, reaching by the end of the first year the weight up to 400-500 grams. At the end of the second year, the fish is able to reach a marketable weight of 1 kg.
• Unpretentiousness - carp are not as whimsical to the oxygen content in water as most river freshwater fish.
• High quality meat - in this fish, it is soft, tasty and has a relatively small amount of small bones.

Carp is fast growing

Flaws:

• Frequent morbidity fish with a very dense population of the container
• Initial costs for the purchase of fry and the device of the pool are high enough

Breeding technology at home

Purchase of fry

You should only buy fry in specialized fish farms have a good reputation and have been working for a long time.

Fish seed should not be purchased from unverified and unreliable suppliers - private individuals engaged in carp breeding and reproduction, newly formed fish farms.

It is better to transport purchased fry in spacious buckets or fishing canals. It is better to take water from a pond or lake, in extreme cases - rain.

Organization of food - what and how to feed

If carps receive a balanced and nutritious diet, then in 9 months it is quite possible to grow a half-kilogram fish

A neglected carp should be fed twice a day:

• Early in the morning - when the sun has risen and the water has warmed up enough
• In the evening, before the sun goes down

It is better to use as feed:

• Finely chopped rain worms
• Fodder bloodworms
• Larva caddis flies (shitik)
• Steamed cereals - oats, wheat, barley
• Bread rye

In order for the pool to also contain all kinds of bottom microorganisms, small crustaceans that the carp feed on, it is necessary to periodically add water from a nearby pond or lake. You should also periodically feed the fish with special compound feed.

In order to periodically catch the largest specimens fish should be fed in the same place, by making a small tray in it into which food will be poured

The food should be filled up in small portions so that it is completely consumed by the fish, and does not fall to the bottom of the container, rotting there over time and causing a deterioration in water quality.

Launching fish into the pool

The purchased fry should be launched either in the spring or in the fall.

Spring stocking is preferable - the fish has time to gain weight and adapt to habitat conditions before wintering

It is necessary to launch the fry in the spring when the water warmed up to a temperature of 22-25 ° C.

Conditions of keeping and growing

Pool, location and dimensions

You can either buy a ready-made plastic pool or fill it yourself.

Pools for fish farming made of polypropylene

The most convenient for growing carp in a personal plot or summer cottage is a round container made of plastic or polypropylene with a diameter of 2 to 3 meters and a depth of at least 1.2-1.5 meters.

It is better to position the container in such a way that part of it is illuminated by the sun for most of the day in summer, and the other is in the shade. Such an arrangement will help to avoid overheating of the water and will allow the fish to take refuge in the cool shade in the heat.

Also, pools can be placed in frame greenhouses or garages.

Water quality

The pool water must be renewed. For this, the following system is mounted:

• Filter with pump taking water from a nearby stream or small river
• Polyethylene pipe line connected to the pump and supplying water to the tank
• Drain line from a polyethylene pipe of a larger diameter than the supply. Place the drain line at the bottom of the tank and lead it into a stream or river, installing a tap or a plug at the end

Pool water is regularly updated

If there is no river or stream nearby, then it is necessary to use water from the well, pumped into the pool by a submersible pump with a filter. In this case, the water must be drained through a filter into the sewer.

Tap water rich in bleach and minerals should not be used to breed specks.

Temperature

Pool water during the growth and development of fish should warm up to a temperature of at least 22-25 ° C, but not more than 30 0С.

Such a temperature background is achieved by placing the container in a sunny place and periodically replacing (draining) part of the water.

Oxygen content

Although carp is unpretentious to the content of dissolved oxygen in water, it a deficiency can lead to a slowdown in growth or complete death of the entire livestock.

Water aeration

To increase the oxygen content, use special aerators or low power compressors.

Reproduction

Reproduction of carp is a rather painstaking process. To do this, when catching 2-3 year old fish in the fall, leave several large heterosexual individuals in a container so that they spawn in the spring:

• In order for carp to reproduce, it is necessary make two separate spawning and nursery ponds... Spawning should be 3 × 3 meters in size with a depth of no more than 0.5 meters. The nursery pond should be slightly larger in area and depth. Its optimal size is a square with a side length of 4 meters and a depth of up to 1.5 meters.
• In ponds it is necessary provide a fresh water supply system from a river or stream, well, as well as its discharge
• In early spring when the water warms up to 18-20 0С in the spawning pond, you must first transplant 1-2 males during the day, and closer to the evening - 1 female

Spawning in carp begins when wheat blooms

• In order for the females to have something to lay eggs in the pond in advance, they should plant with reeds or cattails, or place freshly cut meadow sod at the bottom
• After fertilized larvae hatch, large carp must be returned back to the pool
• 6-8 days later the spawning pond should be lowered, and the larvae should be caught with a fine-mesh net and transplanted into the nursery pond
• In the nursery pond larvae should be fed with small bloodworms, special compound feed, milk powder
• The nursery pond must be lowered before winter., and grown fry weighing 15-20 grams. transplant into a pool or large home aquarium

What to do with carp in the pond in winter

• In winter, in a dug-in or solid-cast concrete pool carp can overwinter provided the fact that the container does not freeze to the bottom and a sufficient amount of oxygen will get into it
• In order for the container not to freeze after it has formed a sufficiently strong ice cover for walking, it is necessary cover with a large layer of snow, in the absence of such - with insulation mats and foil, providing places for drilling holes
• In order for oxygen to enter the pool in its ice cover with a fishing ice screw several holes need to be made and make sure they don't freeze

Reeds will prevent thick ice from freezing and give fish oxygen

• If the container is located indoors or in a greenhouse, then for the winter, feeding carp should be reduced, make feeding depending on the activity of the fish

Business payback for beginners

Breeding carp is not only an opportunity to always have fresh, self-raised fish, but also quite a profitable business. Let's try to calculate its approximate profitability

Costs

• Pool from polypropylene with a volume of 2.7 m3 - 26,000 rubles.
• Malek –3000 rubles. (500 pieces) for the whole container

Malek carp

• Feed - purchased compound feed at a consumption of 1 bag per month and the duration of feeding, excluding autumn and winter from May to September (5 months), the cost of purchasing it at the cost of one bag weighing 40 kg at 640 rubles. in two years will amount to 6400 rubles.

The total amount of all expenses is 35,400 rubles.

Profit

• Taking into account the population density of a container of this size with at least 200 one-year-old fry per 1 m3 and the percentage of their death in the first year with normal feeding no more than 5% in the second year in the pool you can grow about 500 carps weighing about 1 kg - 500 kg of fish
• Carp marketable weight of 1 kg has an average cost of about 130 rubles - the sale of all farmed fish will bring 65,000 rubles.

Carp is usually caught in autumn

• Less all expenses equal to 35 400 rubles. profit is 29,600 rubles., and the estimated profitability of growing carp at home is:

Profitability = (Profit / Cost) × 100 = (29,600 / 35,400) × 100 = 83.6%

Growing carp in a backyard can be not only a good hobby, but also quite a profitable business even for a novice fish breeder.

The food business has been considered extremely profitable at all times. Home-made organic products are always appreciated. One of the options for such a business is fish farming.

Fish is a universal product suitable for almost everyone, so the demand for it is very high. On the shelves of shops, in addition to the products of farm reservoirs, you can often find fish grown at home. This type of business is suitable for both residents of small settlements and entrepreneurs from large cities.

Fish farming requires preliminary preparation and obtaining the necessary knowledge. It is not enough just to find a place to raise fish, buy fish fry and wait for them to gain mass.

For the business to be really profitable, it is advisable to study the experience of colleagues at the very beginning, visit fish farms, get acquainted with the conditions for breeding fish of different species.

Valuable advice and experience from colleagues can go a long way in the beginning.

In addition to knowledge, at the initial stage, financial investments will be required to equip the reservoir, purchase the necessary equipment, cover operating and other costs.

What kind of fish is better to breed

A feature of fish farming is the relatively quick payback of the business, since the fish grows rapidly and gains weight, which means that the return on investment is not long in coming. Many species of fish are fast-growing, and they are the most popular.

Most often, the following types of fish are grown at home:

• carps;
• fish of the salmon family;
• sturgeon fish;
• catfish;
• tilapia, trout.

Carp breeding is widespread throughout the post-Soviet space.Carps are omnivorous, but prone to consuming aquatic insects, worms, molluscs and zooplankton. With the right diet, they grow quite quickly.

Catfish are famous for the fact that they easily get along in water bodies with other types of fish. Tilapia is large and fast growing.

Salmon and sturgeon fish feed mainly on other fish. Breeding them can be risky given the high cost of feed and the low consumer demand associated with the high cost of these fish species.

What is required to organize a business

To organize a fish farming business, you will need:

• organized space for growing fish (artificial reservoir, pool or natural body of water);
• cleaning equipment, pumps and other devices (for example, used for automated feeding of fish);
• feed and feed additives;
• directly fry.

Initially, there may be costs associated with the purchase or lease of land, premises, the arrangement of water bodies, the purchase or rental of vehicles, water supply devices and oxygen sensors.

In addition, funds will be needed to pay for electricity, fuels and lubricants and chemical components. Expenditures can also include taxes, salary payments to employees involved, mobile services, and more.

All of these costs must be factored into the business plan. In addition to costs, the document should contain the approximate time frame for reaching the recoupment of costs and making a profit. Even before organizing all the work, it is necessary to clearly understand what will be the sales channels for the farmed fish or fish products.

Features of growing fish

Fish farming is a specific industry that requires knowledge in topics such as water quality control, disease control, organization of proper nutrition and others.

For fish farming, a constant source of quality water is a prerequisite.

The water temperature can be adjusted depending on what kind of fish is being bred in the reservoir.

It is important to equip convenient shores of the reservoir so that there are no difficulties with feeding and catching fish. Artificial fish tanks should be of a comfortable size. Most often, for fish breeding, rounded plastic tanks with a diameter of about two meters and a depth of more than one meter are used.

You can start with the arrangement of one or two containers; if the business is successfully promoted, their number can be increased.

Separate requirements apply to the premises in which artificial reservoirs are located. As a rule, they maintain a constant temperature in the range of 18-22 degrees. The room itself should also be comfortable - its area should be at least 30 square meters.

With self-breeding fish, all work takes no more than three to four hours a day. Workers should be hired when the number of pools is increased and when production activities are expanded.

Sales and income

When organizing a business, it is important to think over all possible options for selling products. The sales market can be quite wide: you can sell fish in shops or markets. In addition, you can negotiate its sale with cafes, restaurants and companies specializing in conservation.

Cafes and restaurants are most often interested in fish weighing 500-600 grams. Such indicators can be achieved with good hands in just six months. You can also sell caviar, which is always highly valued by buyers. To do this, it is necessary to raise an older population of fish (up to 4 years old).

When breeding fish in natural reservoirs (ponds), you can offer customers paid fishing as an additional income.

It should be remembered that the fish farming industry is not uncommon and competition among entrepreneurs can be fierce.In order to attract buyers, it is necessary to set prices several percent lower than those of other sellers. This will allow you to acquire regular customers and establish the necessary business connections.

Considering that the cost of fish starts from 100-120 rubles per kilogram, the investment can be recouped in one year, and sometimes in a shorter period. Business profitability can be as high as 50%.

If positive results are achieved, it will be possible to expand production and bring it to a new stage, and, accordingly, to a new level of income.