The role of agriculture in the country's economy can hardly be overestimated, since it is the main branch of the agro-industrial complex, which produces food for the country's population, as well as raw materials for processing in other industries. But the main task of agriculture is to meet the needs of the population for food.
Different regions of the country specialize in the production of different agricultural products. The focus and specificity of each region, first of all, depends on the geographic location, which means on the climatic conditions in a particular zone.
For example, agriculture in the Leningrad region is represented mainly by dairy farming, potato growing, poultry farming, and here, as in other regions of the country, more than half of the demand for consumer goods is satisfied by agricultural resources. Agriculture (including the Leningrad Region) is the main supplier of raw materials for food, feed, light industry and other sectors of the economy.
On the other hand, for example, agriculture in the Leningrad region is a large consumer of industrial goods. The industry supplies equipment for the needs of the village: cars, trucks, tractors, combines, equipment, as well as fuels and lubricants, compound feed and mineral fertilizers. According to statistics, the share of industrial goods in the structure of costs for agricultural production is almost 40%, therefore, the development of individual industries depends significantly on agriculture, and, in turn, the successful development of industry determines the effective functioning of agricultural producers.
Like any other sector of the national economy, agriculture also has some characteristic features that must be taken into account when carrying out entrepreneurial activities in this sector. For example, the agriculture of the Leningrad region, its structure, the level of development of certain areas directly depends on the soil and climatic conditions inherent in the area. Therefore, the grain yield, for example, in this region will differ from the yield in the North Caucasus region of the country. Also, due to the clear dependence of the results of activities in this sector of the national economy on natural conditions, there are certain risks in agriculture.
In agriculture, land acts as the main means of production. Unlike other means of production, land does not wear out when used correctly and can retain its qualities. But land resources can differ dramatically in fertility, as well as location, which leads to differential rent: producers with better conditions (soil, proximity to sales markets) can make a profit.
Living organisms act as specific means of production in agriculture: these are animals and plants that develop according to biological laws.
The specificity of agriculture also lies in its dispersal in various climatic conditions, which determines the selection of crop varieties, animal breeds, as well as the mechanization of individual production processes in agriculture and land reclamation. In addition, the method of chemicalization of agriculture also depends on the specifics of the soils in a given region.
A feature of agriculture as a branch of the economy is seasonality. Since some crops ripen and grow only at certain times of the year, the seasonality of agricultural work is especially noticeable when growing, for example, winter grain crops.The difference between the production time, on the one hand, and the working period, on the other, is clearly manifested in the production of these crops. After all, the period of growing winter cereals begins, as a rule, in July-August, with preparation and sowing, and only in July of the next year ends with the harvest. During this time, the preparation of the fields, sowing, fertilization and care of the crop, harvesting take place - that is, the working period is resumed several times, while the production period continues continuously and represents the growth and development of plants, and is determined by natural natural conditions.
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| Agriculture of the region has a pronounced suburban specialization, the leading industries are dairy and beef cattle breeding, potato growing and vegetable growing. At the same time, livestock production significantly prevails over crop production. . |
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| A significant part of the harvest of potatoes and vegetables is provided by personal subsidiary plots of the population. The main vegetable crops are cabbage, carrots, cucumbers, onions, beets. Also, grain crops are grown in the region: barley, rye, oats, mainly for fodder for livestock and poultry. Agricultural lands of all categories as of July 1, 2006 amount to 640 thousand hectares, of which arable land - 337 thousand hectares). There are over 200 large and medium-sized agricultural enterprises in the region (in the past - state farms, now - joint-stock companies). Farms have not yet become widespread |
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| In addition, fur farming is developing in the region: mink, muskrat, blue and black-silver fox and other animals are bred. | |
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| Agricultural land of all categories as of July 1, 2006 is 640 thousand hectares, of which arable land - 337 thousand hectares). There are over 200 large and medium-sized agricultural enterprises in the region (in the past - state farms, now - joint-stock companies). Farms have not yet become widespread | |
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| The number of poultry at the poultry farms of the Leningrad Region in 2011 is 21.97 million heads - this is 6% of the total Russian poultry population and 56% of the poultry population in the North-West Federal District. 7 poultry farms for the production of chicken eggs with a total livestock of more than 11 million poultry 4 broiler poultry farms with a total livestock of up to 10 million poultry |
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| JSC "Opolye" is a modern high-tech agricultural enterprise with a high level of organization, management and production culture, in the structure of which there are two main workshops - livestock and crop production, which determine the success of all production activities. | |
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| JSC "Opolye" Manufactured products: Pedigree young growth of the Golshch.-Friesian breed. Sale of potatoes, seeds of perennial grasses. Food, feed grain, pedigree sale. |
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| CJSC "Breeding plant" Agro-Balt " CJSC “Breeding plant“ Agro-Balt ”is a large agricultural enterprise of industrial type with highly developed production technologies. It has the status of a pedigree farm for breeding black-and-white cattle of the Leningrad type. Since 2007, the enterprise has been a member of the NPU and K “Concern“ Detskoselsky ”. |
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| The main production area of the farm is milk production. Another important area of the enterprise's production activity is the plant growing industry. Having the status of a seed farm, CJSC “Breeding plant“ Agro-Balt ”is one of the largest producers of grain and potato seeds in the North-West region. | |
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| Luga fish hatchery FGU Sevzaprybvod Description: Reproduction of the Volkhov whitefish, whitefish (freshwater resident form). |
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| "Meat processing plant" Neima "LLC Cooked sausages TU9213-003-42855891-00 Cooked sausages GOST 23670-79 Blood sausages TU 9213-742-00419779-02 Liver sausages TU 9213-407-00419779-98 Semi-smoked sausages GOST 16351-86 TU 9213-003 GOST 4285589 sausages -86 Meat beef and veal in half carcasses and quarters, chilled, slightly frozen and frozen GOST 779-55 Meat pork in carcasses and half carcasses, chilled, slightly frozen and frozen GOST 7724-77 Meat pies TU 9213-010-47928152-2000 and chilled meat and bone OST 49208-84, TU 9214-002-23385600-2001 Cooked ham products from pork, beef TU 9213-002-45575838-98 |
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| "Meat processing plant" Neima "LLC Meat beef and veal in half carcasses and quarters, chilled, slightly frozen and frozen GOST 779-55 Meat pork in carcasses and half carcasses, chilled, slightly frozen and frozen GOST 7724-77 Meat patties TU 9213-010-47928152-2000 chilled meat and bone OST 49208-84, TU 9214-002-23385600-2001 Cooked ham products from pork, beef TU 9213-002-45575838-98 |
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| Fur farming of the Leningrad region Fur enterprises of the Leningrad Region in the harsh weather conditions of the summer of 2010 managed to preserve and increase the number of animals. The breeders are confident that with a decent level of government support, this industry will continue to develop at a high rate. Particular hopes in the Leningrad region are pinned on family fur farms. |
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| Fur farming of the Leningrad region Today, fur farming in the Leningrad Region is represented by two enterprises - LLC Sever and LLC Severnaya Pushnina, which have five branches: Zarya, Pioneer, Roshinskoe, Priozerskoe, Voronkovskoe. In these farms there are 30,529 minks, 7682 sables, 1944 foxes, 441 arctic foxes, 300 raccoon dogs. In February 2010, the livestock increased by 117 heads due to the transfer of animals from the branches of the Tver region. |
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Crop production in the Leningrad region
Crop production in the Leningrad Region produces 35.5% of the total crop production in the Northwestern Federal District, as well as 1.3% of all RF production.
The Leningrad region, in accordance with its geographical location, is located in the zone risky farming... The total area of agricultural land in the region is 1703.3 thousand hectares. This category is dominated by forest lands - 848.5 thousand hectares (49.8%), agricultural production employs 617.6 thousand hectares (36.3%), including 359.9 thousand hectares (58 , 3%) of arable land.
Modern plant growing in the Leningrad Region is focused on the introduction of innovative technologies aimed at preserving and increasing soil fertility; increasing the level of crop production; reducing the dependence of agricultural production on the influence of unfavorable natural and climatic conditions; increasing labor productivity and mechanization of labor-intensive processes.
In the structure of the total sown area of the Leningrad Region, most of it is forage crops - 164.0 thousand hectares or 72%. Perennial herbs 90% of fodder crops are occupied.
Total sown area potatoes in all categories of farms is about 16.2 thousand hectares. Most of the cultivated areas of potatoes are concentrated on personal subsidiary plots. Agricultural enterprises and farms grow potatoes on an area of 5.1 thousand hectares (31%).
Vegetable growing in the Leningrad region is represented by open and protected soil. The area of open ground vegetables is 7.6 thousand hectares. The main volumes of vegetables are grown in 10 enterprises of the suburban area.
The main directions of crop production in the Leningrad region - potato growing and vegetable growing.
A significant part of the harvest of potatoes and vegetables is provided by personal subsidiary plots of the population. The main vegetable crops are cabbagecarrotcucumbersonionbeet... Grain crops are also grown in the region.: barley, rye, oats, mainly for livestock and poultry feed. Animal feed is produced in feed mills. There are 6 large feed mills in the region. The largest of them Gatchina feed mill.
The priority role in meeting the needs of the population for fresh vegetables during off-season time in our region belongs to greenhouse vegetable growing... In protected ground in all categories of farms, about 52 thousand tons of vegetables are produced - cucumbers, tomatoes, peppers, eggplants, green crops.
Protected ground products in the Leningrad Region are represented not only by vegetables. Year-round production of champignon mushrooms has been mastered in "Prinevskoye" on an area of 0.636 hectares. The volume of production of champignon mushrooms is 1.2 thousand tons per year. In a small volume, oyster mushrooms are grown in the region, the producer is, Gatchina region (150-200 tons per year).
In recent years, the protected soil industry has been successfully developing in the Leningrad Region - floriculture... Holland ", grow roses and potted flowers on an area of about 16.3 hectares. During the year, these enterprises grow about 30 million roses.
Many enterprises are engaged in the cultivation of vegetables in the Gatchina region, for example:
1. Belogorka "
Types of products:
Leaf lettuce
Green vegetable crops
Cabbage
Watercress
Bulbous vegetable crops
Mushrooms
2.SU OPH "Suida"
Types of products:
Cereals and legumes
Potato
Table root and tuber crops with a high starch or inulin content
