Content
- 1 Agriculture of the Moscow region: characteristic features and characteristics
- 2 How developed is animal husbandry in the region?
- 3 A little about pig breeding in the region
- 4 Poultry farming in the Moscow region: what products are produced?
- 5 The largest poultry farms in the Moscow region
- 6 Fish farming in the Moscow region
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Moscow region
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Agriculture of the Moscow region
/ Crop production in the Moscow region
Grain crops (wheat, barley, oats, rye) are grown on the agricultural lands of the Moscow Region. They occupy about 25% of all sown areas; most of them are located in the southern and southeastern regions of the Moscow region. Approximately 60% of the sown area of the region is occupied by fodder crops (cereals, legumes, beets, carrots and others) for the needs of animal husbandry and industrial crops (rapeseed, flax and others). About 15% of the cultivated area is occupied by vegetables.
Looking at store shelves lately, we can say that the number of Russian-made meat products has noticeably increased. This is a positive moment, since previously foreign meat products accounted for a large share of the market. It is interesting that a large number of products are produced in the Moscow region. In this regard, it is worth considering in detail the animal husbandry in the Moscow region. In this region, there are indeed favorable climatic and natural conditions for this kind of activity.
Agriculture of the Moscow region: characteristic features and characteristics
The Moscow region is rightfully considered an agricultural region, since about 40% of its territory is occupied in this industry. Of course, it cannot be said that all districts of the region are used equally. For example, in the southern part of the Moscow region, especially south of the Oka, about 50% of the land is occupied in the agricultural industry, which is a very good indicator. If we talk about the northern regions of the region, they are much less developed. The same can be said about the eastern and western regions located on the outskirts of the region. For the most part, agriculture is developing in the suburbs.
The region has many agricultural areas. Livestock breeding in the Moscow region occupies a leading position. Then it is worth noting plant growing, the large centers of which are located in the south of the region. Mainly crops are grown such as wheat, oats, barley, rye. Potato cultivation is also an important part of crop production.
Of course, you need to pay attention to vegetable growing, since it also occupies not the last place in agriculture, the largest greenhouse complex in Europe operates in the Moscow region.
How developed is animal husbandry in the region?
Now it's time to consider not only crop production, but also animal husbandry in the Moscow region. We can safely say that in the Moscow region the direction of animal husbandry noticeably prevails over crop production. The main products supplied by the region are meat and milk.
As part of the direction, cattle, birds, in particular chickens, and other animals are bred. Pig breeding in the Moscow region is also highly developed.
It is important to note that agriculture suffered a significant blow during the crisis that occurred in the 1990s. This blow is felt even now, since then almost all branches of animal husbandry in the Moscow region have not been able to return to their previous volumes. Many lands that were previously used as crops and pastures have been withdrawn from use, which negatively affected production indicators.
A little about pig breeding in the region
This direction has become widespread.Pig breeding is a separate branch of livestock breeding that is engaged in breeding pigs. The direction is distinguished by high requirements, a good level of productivity, as well as a high energy value of the manufactured products.
It is interesting that the population of Russia consumes about 2 million tons of pork a year, and according to some sources, even more. Pig breeding in the Moscow region is based in many areas of the region. The most suitable breeds for breeding in this climate are the Large White. This breed is the most popular in Russia as it is perfectly adapted to weather and forage conditions. Also, individuals have high fertility and many other positive qualities.
Poultry farming in the Moscow region: what products are produced?
It is worth talking about such an important area as poultry farming. There are many poultry farms operating in the Moscow region, which supply a large number of products to store shelves. Poultry farming is a branch of agriculture that specializes in the production of eggs and poultry meat. Additional products of the industry are down and feathers, as well as bird droppings, which are actively used as fertilizer for various plants.
The largest poultry farms in the Moscow region
A large number of large poultry farms and many small farms operate in the region. On modern poultry farms, many processes are automated, which significantly increases their productivity.
One of the most famous poultry factories is the Elinar-Broiler complex, which is located in the west of the Moscow Region. The poultry farm produces a significant share of products, supplies meat, eggs, and semi-finished products. Another large producer of chicken meat and eggs is the Petelinskaya poultry farm, which is located in the Odintsovo region.
Fish farming in the Moscow region
In the Moscow region, there is also such an industry as fish farming. Therefore, we can conclude that not only animal husbandry is developed in this region. There are several large fish farms in the Moscow region that supply fish not only to the capital, but also to other regions. The largest fish farming centers are located in several places: in the Yegoryevsky region at the Tsninskiye ponds, in the Odintsovo region at the Narskie ponds and in the Noginsky region at the Biserovskiye ponds. The fish farm "Biserovo" annually supplies the market from 800 to 1000 tons of carp. In addition to Biserovo, about 100 other small and medium-sized companies supply carp to the Moscow markets.
Also in the Moscow region there is a fisheries institute, which is engaged in fish farming. It is located in the Dmitrovsky district, in the village of Rybnoye.
However, there is also a small branch of fish farming that is not yet highly developed - trout farming. The only trout fish farm "Skhodnya" was built before the war.
Agriculture is carried out on the territory of the Moscow Region, represented by both plant growing and animal husbandry. About 40% of the territory of the Moscow region is used in agriculture; the least developed by agriculture are the northern, eastern and western outskirts. In the southern part of the region, especially south of the Oka, more than 50% of the land is used in agriculture. Agriculture has a predominantly suburban specialization. Crop production is typical mainly for the southern part of the region. Most of the sown area (over 3/5) is occupied by fodder crops. Large areas are allocated for crops of grain: (wheat, barley, oats, rye). Potato growing plays a significant role in the region's crop production. Greenhouse vegetable growing is widespread, for example, in the city of Moskovsky there is the largest greenhouse complex in Europe. Flowers, mushrooms (champignons, etc.) are also grown. Livestock prevails over crop production; and is mainly aimed at the production of milk and meat.In addition to cattle, pigs and chickens are widely raised.
The crisis of the 1990s dealt a painful blow to agriculture, from which the region has not yet been able to get out. Many lands previously occupied by crops and pastures are now taken out of use. The volume of production in the agricultural sector fell sharply. In particular, in the 2000s, compared with the 1970s and 1980s, grain production fell by more than 3 times, potatoes - 2.5 times, vegetables - by a third, livestock and poultry for slaughter - by 30% , milk - 2 times, eggs - 4 times.
Fish farming is widespread in the reservoirs of the region, the largest farms are located in the Yegoryevsky district on the Tsninsky ponds, on the Biserovsky ponds in the Noginsky district, the Narsky ponds in the Odintsovsky district, and in the Dmitrovsky district in the Rybnoye village there is a fishery institute breeding both fish and live caviar and larvae.
The agriculture of the region is characterized by the volume and index of agricultural production.
The volume of agricultural products produced by the region shows the level of development of agriculture. The presence of a large volume of agricultural products in comparison with the volume of industrial production indicates the low development of the region and a relatively low standard of living in the region.
The output of agricultural products in the Moscow region by all agricultural producers (agricultural enterprises, households, farmers) in 2004 amounted to 20 billion rubles, which is 5.3% of the industrial production of the region.
In terms of agricultural production, the region takes the 5th place in Russia and the 1st place among the regions of the Central Federal District.
Agriculture of the Moscow Region has a suburban specialization. Livestock is the leading branch of agriculture, and includes dairy and dairy and beef cattle breeding, pig breeding, poultry farming. In the total volume of potato production, the share of private households is 80%, for milk - 46%, for vegetables - 35%, for meat - 31%.
The agricultural production index determines the dynamics of the income of the population employed in agriculture. Since the needs of this population group are still quite undeveloped, with the growth of incomes of this population group there is a great potential for the development of needs, and, accordingly, for the growth of markets that satisfy these needs.
The volume of agricultural production in the Moscow region in 2004 amounted to 97.5% against the level of the previous year. In 2003, the growth rate of agricultural production was 99.5% compared to the same period in 2002. The decline in the growth rate of agricultural production in 2004 compared to 2003 was caused by a significant decrease in the volume of production for the main types of agricultural products (a decrease in crop production - by 7.5%, livestock - by 0.1%).
A decrease in the volume of agricultural production in 2004 compared to 2003 means a decrease in the income of people employed in agriculture.
Moscow region continues to be the largest potato producer. The industry is designed to provide products to about 18 million people - residents of the Moscow region and Moscow. 25 specialized potato agricultural organizations supply 90% of the potato produced in the region. The most advanced technologies are currently used in the potato complex. The availability of highly productive machinery allows the cultivation of this crop to be fully mechanized.
In 2008, 710 thousand tons of potatoes were produced in all categories of farms, including in personal subsidiary plots - 327 thousand tons, in peasant (farm) farms - 36 thousand tons and in agricultural organizations - 347 thousand tons.Significant results obtained in potato growing were facilitated by the creation of integrated formations - agricultural holdings (Dmitrovskie Vegetables, Malino, Dashkovka, etc.), where the entire technological chain is concentrated, from planting crops to the supply of washed, packaged products to the retail network. ...
The Moscow region stands out not only for its production, but also for its powerful processing of potatoes.
The first Russian plant for the production of the popular Lays and Cheetos chips was built in our region. And Frito-Lay Manufacturing, part of the PepsiCo, Inc. group, is known for its strict quality standards.
An important aspect of successful potato production is the provision of agricultural enterprises with modern technology. And here we also have good positions, which is largely facilitated by both the presence of the domestic production enterprise ZAO Kolnag (Kolomna) and the Russian representative office of the world leader in the production of equipment for potatoes - OOO Grimme-Rus (Dmitrovsky district) .agricultural productivity profitability
Efficient production of quality potatoes is impossible without quality shifts. In seven elite-seed agricultural organizations of the region, more than 7 thousand tons of the elite of seed potatoes are annually produced.
About 3 thousand tons are sold outside the region. To carry out a variety change and variety renewal, 3 thousand tons of the elite of seed potatoes of new promising varieties are purchased. It is in the Moscow region that the State Scientific Institution All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Potato Farming named after A.G. Lorkh has been operating for many years - the largest scientific and methodological center in Russia for problems of potato growing. The creation of new, highly productive varieties of potatoes for various economic purposes, resistant to common diseases and pests, the production of super-elite and elite seed material for the public and private sectors of potato growing - this is not a complete list of activities of the head research institute of the potato industry.
An analysis of the work of agricultural enterprises in potato growing in 2008 shows that a high level of agricultural technology, well-organized treatments against diseases, pests and weeds, as well as timely irrigation gave positive results. The yield and production of potatoes were at a high level. The total area of potato cultivation in agricultural enterprises was 14 715 hectares, the yield was 236 ct / ha, the gross harvest was 347 thousand tons. More than half of the volume of potatoes (183.8 thousand tons) was produced in Dmitrovsky and Kolomensky districts, and about two-thirds of the volume (234.6 thousand tons) is concentrated in five districts: Dmitrovsky, Kolomensky, Ozersky, Zaraysky and Kashirsky.
What has been achieved in recent years in the potato industry:
- the yield of potatoes from the harvested area in the last four years has increased significantly and reached the level of 213.9-252 c / ha. For comparison: on average for 1996-2000, the yield was at the level of 117.7 centners / ha. The profitability of potatoes over the past four years has varied from 29 to 42.5%;
- specialized farms have been preserved;
- the process of formation of large agricultural holdings in the field of production, storage and sale of potatoes continues;
- the creation of our own storage base at the production sites continues. Manufacturers are becoming wholesalers at the same time;
- product revision and pre-sale preparation of sold products (washing, packing, branded packaging, labeling, etc.) continues to be introduced. This allows manufacturers to enter the prestigious market of hyper and supermarkets.
The long-term target program "Development of agriculture in the Moscow region for the period 2009-2012" provides for the receipt of the target indicators in the potato industry for all categories of farms (Table 2).
Challenges facing the potato industry:
- Lack of labor resources. In this regard, the need to address issues of attracting labor from other regions.
- Replenishment of the market due to the delivery of potatoes from other regions at dumping prices.
- The selling price is unstable, and in some years it is quite low, which negatively affects the development of production.
DEVELOPMENT OF SH MO 2010-2012
Agricultural grounds in farms of all categories, according to the All-Russian Agricultural Census as of July 1, 2006, they amounted to 1357 thousand hectares, or 30% of all land in the region, arable land - 908 thousand hectares, or 20%. Leading directions of agriculture: crop production with a predominance of the production of vegetables, potatoes, dairy and meat cattle breeding; pig breeding and poultry farming are well developed.
In 2010, the volume of agricultural production will reach 73.5-73.7bn. rubles, which will exceed the level of 2009 by 11.6 - 11.9 percent. In the structure of the gross regional product, crop production occupies 53.0%, the share of livestock production is 47.0 percent.
With the volume of crop production in 2008 at 32.3 billion rubles, it is expected to increase in 2009 to 35.0 billion rubles. and in 2010 their growth is forecasted to 39.4 - 39.6 billion rubles, or 112.8 - 113.2 percent to the level of 2009.
Under favorable weather conditions (second option), as well as stable and systematic state support for agricultural production, the projected increase in crop production is due to an increase in the annual growth rate of potato and vegetable production. The increase in the production of crop products will take place by increasing the yield of agricultural crops through the use of high-yielding varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops, the use of intensive resource-saving technologies.
With the volume of livestock production in 2008 at 29.4 billion rubles, it is expected to increase in 2009 to 30.95 billion rubles and is projected in 2010 to 34.1-34.2 billion. rubles, which will be 110.2-110.3 percent to the level of 2009.
In the forecast period, an increase in livestock production can be ensured (with a continuing reduction in the number of livestock and poultry) by a more complete use of the potential of peasant (farmer) households and households of the population, strengthening the fodder base, and improving selection and breeding work.
However, from the analysis of the socio-economic development of the agro-industrial complex of the Moscow region in recent years, it can be seen that a number of indicators (such as the production of cereals and milk) tend to decrease somewhat. This happens as a result of the reform of the agro-industrial complex of the region due to the changed economic conditions of management, the disparity in prices for agricultural products and material and technical resources, significant energy intensity of production, and the peculiarities of technological production cycles. The restraining factor for the development of grain and dairy farming in the region is their low profitability, a decrease in purchase prices for milk and grain. So from January 2008 to June 2009, purchase prices have decreased, respectively, by 25.6 and 13.4 percent. Also, in accordance with the strategy of socio-economic development of the Moscow region until 2020, the construction of the Central Ring Road is underway in a 50-kilometer zone, as a result of which part of the agricultural land is retired from circulation and, accordingly, the number of livestock is reduced.
The Government of the Moscow Region has adopted a number of key decisions for the agro-industrial complex.
First, the decision was made to finance the activities of the long-term target program of the Moscow region "Development of agriculture in the Moscow region for the period 2009-2012" in 2009 to leave at least the level of 2008, while providing support for the development of dairy farming, as the most promising area of specialization of agricultural production, in the livestock industry, the share in the total profit of which is more than 50%.
In order to form an effective mechanism for targeted state incentives for agricultural producers and in order to increase the economic efficiency of the industry, it is envisaged to create conditions for increasing the volume of production and sales of products by paying subsidies to agricultural producers for the supply of milk through all sales channels, provided that the livestock is preserved and the productivity of the dairy herd is increased. In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated December 31, 2008 No. 1096 "On approval of the Rules for the distribution and provision of subsidies from the federal budget to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to support economically significant agricultural development programs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation", the Ministry approved and sent to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation for participation in the competitive selection of the departmental target program "Development of dairy cattle breeding and increase in milk production in the Moscow region for 2009-2012."
On the implementation of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and the Regulation of Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food Markets for 2008-2012 in the Moscow Region in 2010.
As part of the implementation State program for the development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2008-2012 (hereinafter - the State Program) for the construction, reconstruction and modernization of livestock complexes (farms), complexes (farms) for the implementation of industrial fish farming, fodder production facilities, primary processing of farm animals and milk on the territory of the Moscow region in 2010 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Moscow Region (hereinafter - the Ministry) next job.
In pursuance of the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated February 10, 2010 No. 41 "On the procedure for selecting investment projects", the Ministry of Agriculture of the Moscow Region in 2010 held 9 meetings of the working group on the development of animal husbandry and primary processing of agricultural products in the Moscow Region, where 27 investment projects presented by enterprises were considered Agroindustrial complex of the Moscow region for the construction, reconstruction and modernization of livestock complexes (farms), complexes (farms) for the implementation of industrial fish farming, fodder production facilities, primary processing of farm animals and milk, who have expressed a desire to take part in the implementation of the State program since 2010, and 12 of them by decision working groups of the Ministry are included in the list and sent to the commission of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia for consideration and selection.
At this stage, the commission of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia has selected one investment project - CJSC Mosselprom, which includes the completion of a project at a poultry processing plant in the village of Konstantinovo, Ramensky municipal district, to install a second line for processing poultry meat with a total investment of 302 million rubles, and 11 - Several agricultural enterprises are working with Russian credit institutions to conclude credit agreements.
The Moscow Region is a region of intensive, highly developed agriculture.
Agricultural production at current prices increased from 20.9 billion rubles in 1999 to 47.6 billion rubles in 2005 at current prices. In terms of agricultural production, the Moscow Region ranks first in the Central Federal District.
Agricultural production employs 5.5 percent of the workforce. These activities ensure the receipt of 2.7 percent of taxes and fees in the budgetary system of the Russian Federation.
Plant growing prevails in the structure of agriculture in the Moscow Region. In 2005, its share exceeded 58 percent of the total agricultural production.
In 2005, 210 thousand tons of grain (in weight after processing), 941.4 thousand tons of potatoes, 643.8 thousand tons of vegetables were produced.
Compared to 2000, in 2005 the production of potatoes decreased by 9.7 percent, grain (in weight after processing) - by 38.4 percent, vegetables - by 5.6 percent.
During this period, there was a significant reduction in acreage from 977.9 thousand hectares in 2000 to 742 thousand hectares in 2005, as well as a change in their structure in favor of forage crops.
The reduction of the fleet of agricultural machinery continues. Thus, in 2005 compared to 2001, the number of tractors decreased by 33.3 percent, plows - by 42.3 percent, harrows - by 46.2 percent, potato harvesters - by 49 percent, grain harvesters - by 45.2 percent.
The most important factor affecting the level of crop yields is the amount of mineral fertilizers applied for sowing agricultural crops.
There is a decrease in the total amount of fertilizers applied for crops by agricultural organizations. So, if in 2001 they were brought in 41.3 thousand tons, then in 2005 - 29.4 thousand tons. The share of the area fertilized with mineral fertilizers to the entire sown area decreased, respectively, from 45.5 percent to 42.2 percent.
In recent years, prices of organizations producing mineral fertilizers have been growing significantly. Compared to 2000, they grew 1.7 times in 2005, and compared to 2004 - by 16 percent.
In general, the level of profitability from the sale of crop production (taking into account subsidies and compensation of costs from the budgets of all levels) increased from 8.4 percent in 2000 to 18.3 percent in 2005. At the same time, if in 2000 the production of all main types of crop production was profitable, then in 2005 the production of grain crops became unprofitable (Table 6).
Table 6
The level of profitability (loss ratio (-)) from the sale of crop production, taking into account subsidies and compensation of costs from the budget
| percent 2000 | 2005 year | |
| Cereals | 68,9 | -4,9 |
| Potato | 17,5 | 18,2 |
| Open field vegetables | 23,6 | 47,7 |
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Agriculture of the Moscow region
Agriculture is carried out on the territory of the Moscow Region, represented by both plant growing and animal husbandry. About 40% of the territory of the Moscow region is used in agriculture; the least developed by agriculture are the northern, eastern and western outlying areas. In the southern part of the region, especially south of the Oka, more than 50% of the land is used in agriculture. Agriculture has a predominantly suburban specialization. Crop production is typical mainly for the southern part of the region. Most of the sown area (over 3/5) is occupied by fodder crops. Large areas are allocated for crops of grain: (wheat, barley, oats, rye). Potato growing plays a significant role in the region's crop production. Greenhouse vegetable growing is widespread, for example, in the city of Moskovsky there is the largest greenhouse complex in Europe. Flowers, mushrooms (champignons, etc.) are also grown. Livestock prevails over crop production; and is mainly aimed at the production of milk and meat. In addition to cattle, pigs and chickens are widely raised.
The crisis of the 1990s dealt a painful blow to agriculture, from which the region has not yet been able to get out. Many lands previously occupied by crops and pastures are now taken out of use. The volume of production in the agricultural sector fell sharply. In particular, in the 2000s, compared with the 1970s and 1980s, grain production fell by more than 3 times, potatoes - 2.5 times, vegetables - by a third, livestock and poultry for slaughter - by 30% , milk - 2 times, eggs - 4 times.
Fish farming is widespread in the reservoirs of the region, the largest farms are located in the Yegoryevsky district on the Tsninsky ponds, on the Biserovsky ponds in the Noginsky district, the Narsky ponds in the Odintsovsky district, and in the Dmitrovsky district in the Rybnoye village there is a fishery institute breeding both fish and live caviar and larvae.
The agriculture of the region is characterized by the volume and index of agricultural production.
The volume of agricultural products produced by the region shows the level of development of agriculture.The presence of a large volume of agricultural products in comparison with the volume of industrial production indicates the low development of the region and a relatively low standard of living in the region.
The output of agricultural products in the Moscow region by all agricultural producers (agricultural enterprises, households, farmers) in 2004 amounted to 20 billion rubles, which is 5.3% of the industrial production of the region.
In terms of agricultural production, the region takes the 5th place in Russia and the 1st place among the regions of the Central Federal District.
Agriculture of the Moscow Region has a suburban specialization. Livestock is the leading branch of agriculture, and includes dairy and dairy and beef cattle breeding, pig breeding, poultry farming. In the total volume of potato production, the share of private households is 80%, for milk - 46%, for vegetables - 35%, for meat - 31%.
The agricultural production index determines the dynamics of the income of the population employed in agriculture. Since the needs of this population group are still rather undeveloped, with the growth of incomes of this population group there is a great potential for the development of needs, and, accordingly, for the growth of markets that satisfy these needs.
The volume of agricultural production in the Moscow region in 2004 amounted to 97.5% against the level of the previous year. In 2003, the growth rate of agricultural production was 99.5% compared to the same period in 2002. The decline in the growth rate of agricultural production in 2004 compared to 2003 was caused by a significant decrease in the volume of production for the main types of agricultural products (a decrease in crop production - by 7.5%, livestock - by 0.1%).
A decrease in the volume of agricultural production in 2004 compared to 2003 means a decrease in the income of people employed in agriculture.
Moscow region continues to be the largest potato producer. The industry is designed to provide products to about 18 million people - residents of the Moscow region and Moscow. 25 specialized potato agricultural organizations supply 90% of the potato produced in the region. The most advanced technologies are currently used in the potato complex. The availability of highly productive machinery allows the cultivation of this crop to be fully mechanized.
In 2008, 710 thousand tons of potatoes were produced in all categories of farms, including in personal subsidiary plots - 327 thousand tons, in peasant (farm) farms - 36 thousand tons and in agricultural organizations - 347 thousand tons. Significant results obtained in potato growing were facilitated by the creation of integrated formations - agricultural holdings (Dmitrovskie vegetables, Malino, Dashkovka, etc.), where the entire technological chain is concentrated, from planting crops to the supply of washed, packaged products to the retail network. ...
The Moscow region stands out not only for its production, but also for its powerful processing of potatoes.
The first Russian plant for the production of the popular Lays and Cheetos chips was built in our region. And Frito-Lay Manufacturing, part of the PepsiCo, Inc. group, is known for its strict quality standards.
An important aspect of successful potato production is the provision of agricultural enterprises with modern technology. And here we also have good positions, which is greatly facilitated by both the presence of the domestic production enterprise ZAO Kolnag (Kolomna) and the Russian representative office of the world leader in the production of equipment for potatoes - OOO Grimme-Rus (Dmitrovsky district) ... agro-industrial yield profitability
Efficient production of quality potatoes is impossible without quality shifts. In seven elite-seed agricultural organizations of the region, more than 7 thousand tons of the elite of seed potatoes are annually produced.
About 3 thousand tons are sold outside the region. To carry out a variety change and variety renewal, 3 thousand tons of the elite of seed potatoes of new promising varieties are purchased. It is in the Moscow region that the State Scientific Institution All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Potato Farming named after A.G. Lorkh has been operating for many years - the largest scientific and methodological center in Russia on the problems of potato growing. The creation of new, highly productive varieties of potatoes for various economic purposes, resistant to common diseases and pests, the production of super-elite and elite seed material for the public and private sectors of potato growing - this is not a complete list of activities of the head research institute of the potato industry.
An analysis of the work of agricultural enterprises in potato growing in 2008 shows that a high level of agricultural technology, well-organized treatments against diseases, pests and weeds, as well as timely irrigation gave positive results. The yield and production of potatoes were at a high level. The total area of potato cultivation in agricultural enterprises was 14 715 hectares, the yield was 236 centners per hectare, the gross harvest was 347 thousand tons. More than half of the volume of potatoes (183.8 thousand tons) was produced in Dmitrovsky and Kolomensky districts, and about two-thirds of the volume (234.6 thousand tons) is concentrated in five districts: Dmitrovsky, Kolomensky, Ozersky, Zaraysky and Kashirsky.
What has been achieved in recent years in the potato industry:
- the yield of potatoes from the harvested area in the last four years has increased significantly and reached the level of 213.9-252 c / ha. For comparison: on average for 1996-2000, the yield was at the level of 117.7 centners / ha. The profitability of potatoes over the past four years has varied from 29 to 42.5%;
- specialized farms have been preserved;
- the process of formation of large agricultural holdings in the field of production, storage and sale of potatoes continues;
- the creation of our own storage base at the production sites continues. Manufacturers are becoming wholesalers at the same time;
- product revision and pre-sale preparation of sold products (washing, packing, branded packaging, labeling, etc.) continues to be introduced. This allows manufacturers to enter the prestigious market - hyper and supermarkets.
The long-term target program "Development of agriculture in the Moscow region for the period 2009-2012" provides for the receipt of the target indicators in the potato industry for all categories of farms (Table 2).
Challenges facing the potato industry:
- Lack of labor resources. In this regard, the need to address issues of attracting labor from other regions.
- Replenishment of the market due to the supply of potatoes from other regions at dumping prices.
- The selling price is unstable, and in some years it is quite low, which negatively affects the development of production.
DEVELOPMENT OF SH MO 2010-2012
Agricultural grounds in farms of all categories, according to the All-Russian Agricultural Census as of July 1, 2006, they amounted to 1357 thousand hectares, or 30% of all land in the region, arable land - 908 thousand hectares, or 20%. Leading directions of agriculture: crop production with a predominance of the production of vegetables, potatoes, dairy and meat cattle breeding; pig breeding and poultry farming are well developed.
In 2010, the volume of agricultural production will reach 73.5-73.7bn. rubles, which will exceed the level of 2009 by 11.6 - 11.9 percent. In the structure of the gross regional product, crop production occupies 53.0%, the share of livestock production is 47.0 percent.
With the volume of crop production in 2008 at 32.3 billion rubles, it is expected to increase in 2009 to 35.0 billion rubles. and in 2010 their growth is forecasted to 39.4 - 39.6 billion rubles, or 112.8 - 113.2 percent to the level of 2009.
Under favorable weather conditions (second option), as well as stable and systematic state support for agricultural production, the projected increase in crop production is due to an increase in the annual growth rate of potato and vegetable production. The increase in the production of crop products will take place by increasing the yield of agricultural crops through the use of high-yielding varieties and hybrids of agricultural crops, the use of intensive resource-saving technologies.
With the volume of livestock production in 2008 at 29.4 billion rubles, it is expected to increase in 2009 to 30.95 billion rubles and is projected in 2010 to 34.1-34.2 billion. rubles, which will be 110.2-110.3 percent to the level of 2009.
In the forecast period, an increase in livestock production can be ensured (with a continuing reduction in the number of livestock and poultry) by a more complete use of the potential of peasant (farmer) households and households of the population, strengthening the fodder base, and improving selection and breeding work.
However, from the analysis of the socio-economic development of the agro-industrial complex of the Moscow region in recent years, it can be seen that a number of indicators (such as the production of cereals and milk) tend to decrease somewhat. This happens as a result of reforming the agro-industrial complex of the region due to the changed economic conditions of management, the disparity in prices for agricultural products and material and technical resources, significant energy intensity of production, and the peculiarities of technological production cycles. The limiting factor for the development of grain and dairy farming in the region is their low profitability, and a decrease in purchase prices for milk and grain. So from January 2008 to June 2009, purchase prices have decreased, respectively, by 25.6 and 13.4 percent. Also, in accordance with the strategy of socio-economic development of the Moscow region until 2020, the construction of the Central Ring Road is underway in a 50-kilometer zone, as a result of which part of the agricultural land is retired from circulation and, accordingly, the number of livestock is reduced.
The Government of the Moscow Region has adopted a number of key decisions for the agro-industrial complex.
Firstly, the decision was made to finance the activities of the long-term target program of the Moscow region "Development of agriculture in the Moscow region for the period 2009-2012" in 2009 to leave at least the level of 2008, while providing for support for the development of dairy farming, as the most promising area of specialization of agricultural production, in the livestock industry, the share in the total profit of which is more than 50%.
In order to form an effective mechanism for targeted state incentives for agricultural producers and in order to increase the economic efficiency of the industry, it is envisaged to create conditions for increasing the volume of production and sales of products by paying subsidies to agricultural producers for the supply of milk through all sales channels, provided that the livestock is preserved and the productivity of the dairy herd is increased. In accordance with the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation of December 31, 2008 No. 1096 "On approval of the Rules for the distribution and provision of subsidies from the federal budget to the budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in 2009-2011 to support economically significant agricultural development programs of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation",Ministry approved and sent to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation for participation in the competitive selection of the departmental target program "Development of dairy cattle breeding and increase milk production in the Moscow region for 2009-2012."
On the implementation of the State Program for the Development of Agriculture and the Regulation of Agricultural Products, Raw Materials and Food Markets for 2008-2012 in the Moscow Region in 2010.
As part of the implementation State program for the development of agriculture and regulation of markets for agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2008-2012 (hereinafter - the State Program) for the construction, reconstruction and modernization of livestock complexes (farms), complexes (farms) for the implementation of industrial fish farming, fodder production facilities, primary processing of farm animals and milk on the territory of the Moscow region in 2010 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Moscow Region (hereinafter - the Ministry) next job.
In pursuance of the order of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia dated February 10, 2010 No. 41 "On the procedure for selecting investment projects", the Ministry of Agriculture of the Moscow Region in 2010 held 9 meetings of the working group on the development of animal husbandry and primary processing of agricultural products in the Moscow Region, where 27 investment projects presented by enterprises were considered Agroindustrial complex of the Moscow region for the construction, reconstruction and modernization of livestock complexes (farms), complexes (farms) for the implementation of industrial fish farming, fodder production facilities, primary processing of farm animals and milk, who have expressed a desire to take part in the implementation of the State program since 2010, and 12 of them by decision working groups of the Ministry are included in the list and sent to the commission of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia for consideration and selection.
At this stage, the commission of the Ministry of Agriculture of Russia has selected one investment project - CJSC Mosselprom, which includes the completion of a project at a poultry processing plant in the village of Konstantinovo, Ramensky municipal district, to install a second line for processing poultry meat with a total investment of 302 million rubles, and 11 - Several agricultural enterprises are working with Russian credit institutions to conclude credit agreements.
The Moscow Region is a region of intensive, highly developed agriculture.
Agricultural production at current prices increased from 20.9 billion rubles in 1999 to 47.6 billion rubles in 2005 at current prices. In terms of agricultural production, the Moscow Region ranks first in the Central Federal District.
Agricultural production employs 5.5 percent of the workforce. These activities ensure the receipt of 2.7 percent of taxes and fees in the budgetary system of the Russian Federation.
Plant growing prevails in the structure of agriculture in the Moscow Region. In 2005, its share exceeded 58 percent of the total agricultural production.
In 2005, 210 thousand tons of grain (in weight after processing), 941.4 thousand tons of potatoes, 643.8 thousand tons of vegetables were produced.
Compared to 2000, in 2005 the production of potatoes decreased by 9.7 percent, grain (in weight after processing) - by 38.4 percent, vegetables - by 5.6 percent.
During this period, there was a significant reduction in sown areas from 977.9 thousand hectares in 2000 to 742 thousand hectares in 2005, as well as a change in their structure in favor of forage crops.
The reduction of the fleet of agricultural machinery continues. Thus, in 2005 compared to 2001, the number of tractors decreased by 33.3 percent, plows - by 42.3 percent, harrows - by 46.2 percent, potato harvesters - by 49 percent, grain harvesters - by 45.2 percent.
The most important factor affecting the level of crop yields is the amount of mineral fertilizers applied for sowing agricultural crops.
There is a decrease in the total amount of fertilizers applied for crops by agricultural organizations. So, if in 2001 they were brought in 41.3 thousand tons, then in 2005 - 29.4 thousand tons. The share of the area fertilized with mineral fertilizers to the entire sown area decreased, respectively, from 45.5 percent to 42.2 percent.
In recent years, prices of organizations producing mineral fertilizers have been growing significantly. Compared to 2000, they grew 1.7 times in 2005, and compared to 2004 - by 16 percent.
In general, the level of profitability from the sale of crop production (taking into account subsidies and compensation of costs from the budgets of all levels) increased from 8.4 percent in 2000 to 18.3 percent in 2005. At the same time, if in 2000 the production of all main types of crop production was profitable, then in 2005 the production of grain crops became unprofitable (Table 6).
Table 6
The level of profitability (loss ratio (-)) from the sale of crop production, taking into account subsidies and compensation of costs from the budget
| percent 2000 | 2005 year | ||
| Cereals | 68,9 | -4,9 | |
| Potato | 17,5 | 18,2 | |
| Open field vegetables | 23,6 | 47,7 | |
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