What machines help you grow and harvest?

For children about bread: materials for classes with children, educational videos, stories, developmental tasks.

In our life, we very often do not notice the little things! And our children are not at all like that - they see a bird that has sat down on a bush, and a flying leaf. They ask endless "Why?" and rejoice in every puddle.

Bread is a very familiar phenomenon for us, and often we do not even imagine that it might not be on our table! But in such "uninteresting" bread, you can see many opportunities for the development of a child! If you know how to look at familiar things with a different look - a child's surprised and admired "why" look.

Let's introduce our kids to bread, talk about how people grew it before and how they grow it now, what smart machines people have invented to help themselves. Let's acquaint with the professions of people who grow bread for us.

In this article you will find materials for a home themed bread week, bread classes in kindergarten or in a daycare center:

• story in pictures "How bread is grown",
• two short educational videos for toddlers,
• exercises for the development of speech,
• fairy tales and stories, poems and riddles about bread.

Additional material to the article - riddles about cereals can be found in the article "Riddles"

The materials are designed not for one day of classes with children, but for studying the topic in small "pieces". For example, one day you can read and discuss the story "Bread". On another day - watch the educational video "How Wheat Grows" and play a fairy tale - a dramatization. The third is to play with the proverbs about bread, etc.

All babies are different, so the article gives different tasks so that you can pick them up by age, gender, interests of the child.

Part 1. Riddles about bread

I suggest starting your acquaintance with bread with a riddle. Hide a piece of bread under a napkin or in a bag and invite your child to guess what kind of surprise you have hidden and what you want to talk to him about. Read the riddle to him.

1.1. Bread riddle for children 4-5 years old and older

“Grew up at first in the wild in the field,
in the summer it bloomed and sprouted,
And when they thrashed,
he suddenly turned into a grain.
From grain to flour and dough.
He took his place in the store.
He grew up under a blue sky,
And he came to the table with us - with what? (bread) "

A child, starting from the age of 4, needs to be taught to prove his point of view, find arguments and answers to provoking questions, defend his opinion correctly and tactfully. And for this we will ask problem provoking questions.

• Ask the child how he guessed that this is bread?
• After his answer, say in surprise, as if consulting with the baby: “Maybe this is not bread at all, but vegetables? After all, they also grow on the ground, and then we buy them in the store? And they come to our table ”.
• If the child agrees that these are vegetables (after all, you are an authority for him :)), then read the riddle again with the baby, disassemble it - what are the signs of the riddle? Threshed, grain, flour, dough. Are vegetables threshed and made into flour and dough? No. So what is this? Bread!

1.2. Bread riddle for children 6-7 years old and older

Ask the child to guess what kind of surprise you have prepared for him, what kind of miracle it is. And read a poem - a riddle.

«Miracle. Lev Kvitko.
I kept a grain-crumb all winter,
I planted it in loose soil in the spring.
A miracle probably happened to him.
The seed became alive and large.
A grain-crumb lay in the ground,
Lied, warmed, swollen in the warmth.
At first it swelled, then sprouted.
A thin sprout sprouted in the garden.
Chubik curled this weak sprout,
He threw out the feathers of a delicate leaf.
Well, isn't it a miracle that the chubik is so
Made it through, broke through the earthen layer ?!
He drilled the ground, he climbed ahead,
He made his way to the sun and light with difficulty.
And over the earth - again miracles:
Something is growing by leaps and bounds.
There is no grain for a long time.
Can't you guess what it became? "

Ask the child to prove his opinion - why does he think that this is bread? From what lines from the riddle did he guess?

Part 2: How bread came to the table: a story for children in pictures and assignments

Ask your child: where does bread come from at home? That's right, from the store! And where does it come from in the store?

Listen kindly and attentively to any assumptions of the child - observing his speech will help you understand what your child knows, and what his ideas are inaccurate or erroneous, or none at all! And then invite your child to learn the secrets of how bread came to our table, what amazing machines help people get bread from grains.

2.1. How does wheat and rye grow? 

Bread is made from grains. But how do these spikelets with grains grow in the field? What is white bread made of? (from wheat). And what is black bread made of? (from rye).

Why are wheat and rye called "cereal" plants? (They give grain.) What other cereal plants are there? (Corn, oats).

Look at a spike of rye and wheat with a child in the picture and compare them. How are they similar? (These plants have a stem, tendrils, grains, they are grain) And how are they different? (Rye grains are long and wheat grains are round. A spike of wheat is thicker than a spike of rye)

Then watch a short educational video for toddlers on how wheat grows in the field.

Video for children "How does wheat grow?"

From this short entertaining and educational video for preschoolers Your child will learn:

• where does the wheat grow?
• how many grains of wheat need to be grown to bake one loaf of bread,
• what are the names of people who grow bread,
• how people harvest grain,
• how people used to grow bread.

After watching the video, be sure to talk with your kid about the movie, ask:

• what interested him most in the film,
• what he wants to share with dad, friends,
• what surprised him in this film,
• what new he learned.
• Ask clarifying questions about the content of the video.

In the evening or the next day, play with the children in growing bread - a performance based on a fairy tale will help you.

Lithuanian fairy tale. How the wolf decided to bake bread 

This tale is very good for staging and reinforcing the ideas of growing bread for babies. Have the child in the scene explain to the wolf how bread is grown.

First, read a fairy tale to your child, and then offer to play it.

Once I met a wolf in the forest of a man and asks:
- Give me bread!
The man gave. The wolf ate and licked his lips - the bread was delicious. The wolf says to the man:
- What should I do so that I always have my own bread? Teach me!
“Okay,” the man agreed and began to teach the wolf. - First you need to plow the land ...
- And when you plow, can you really eat?
- Not yet. We must sow rye.
- And when you sow, can you really eat?
- Not yet. We must wait until she grows up.
- And when he grows up, can you really eat?
- Not yet. We must remove it.
- And when you remove it, can you eat?
- Not yet. We need to grind it down.
- And when you grind, can you really eat?
- Not yet. We need to bake bread.
- And when you bake, can you eat?
- Can.
The wolf thought, thought and said:
“I’d better not bake bread if I wait so long.” As I have done without bread so far, so, apparently, I will manage.

Variant of the game - staging: You can play out the plot of this tale in a different way, repeating the same dialogue with different characters (as in the fairy tale "Kolobok"). Your baby goes on a trip to the forest and treats all the animals with a piece of bread. Animals love bread, and each animal wants to know how to grow it. The child tells each animal how such delicious bread is grown (lists the sequence of work). But all the animals refuse to raise it, having learned what a long and hard work it is. The child plays the role of a person who has come to the forest. And the adult - the role of all the animals in turn. After repeating the sequence of growing bread several times in the game, your baby will definitely not confuse anything. And he will be happy to play this game, because all children love to play!

From 5 years old you can introduce the child to agricultural machinery that helps people in their work; with how different professions of people are interconnected - combine operator, tractor driver, agronomist and others.

2.2. What kind of agricultural machines help people grow bread? 

Children about the tractor 

This stuff is especially interesting for boys!

Tell your child that there were no cars before and it was very difficult to grow bread. Now we have all the hard work done by machines. And a lot of them are needed in order to grow bread in the field and harvest. People have come up with amazing machines. Maybe when you grow up, you will also come up with something that will help all people.

Main machine - tractor. Why main? (Listen to the child's suggestions.)

The tractor is an amazing machine that carries the road for itself. You will learn how the tractor does this from the story (I give the text here based on the story of A. Ivich).

The tractor carries all the implements with which the land is cultivated. This is tractor.

What is the difference between a truck and a tractor - tractor? (Listen to the child's assumptions and give the correct answer). The truck carries the load on itself in the back, and the tractor pulls the load along.

But the tractor is not a simple tractor, but all-terrain vehicle. Why do you think a tractor can be called an "all-terrain vehicle"? That's right, because he “walks everywhere” - both on the road and on the plowed field.

How is it that a tractor can go everywhere, even where a normal car cannot? (Consider a tractor and a car with a child - pay attention to the wheels - let the child try to guess for himself how this is happening).

The tractor has small steel wheels instead of wheels rollers - four on each side. Steel belts are put on the rollers. They are made from individual links, like a chain. These tapes are called "Caterpillars"... Find the caterpillars in the picture.

The rear wheel is cogwheel. It clings to the links of the track and moves the belt. The rollers roll along the belt, as if on rails or on a flat road.

It turns out that the tractor carries the road for itself. Caterpillars are his way! Therefore, he is not afraid of off-road!

The tractor works in the field from early spring to late autumn. Who is driving in the booth? (tractor driver). He drives the tractor.

The tractor does a lot of work. In the fall, a large plow. The plow lifts and turns the topsoil. This is how the tractor makes a soft bed for the seeds. So that the seeds hide in the ground from the wind and can take from the ground all the juices they need for growth.

Then the tractor land boronite... If winter crops are sown before winter, they are harrowed in autumn. If the crops are spring crops - they are sown in the spring - then they are harrowed in the spring. Attach to the tractor harrow... The harrow combes the ground with its tines like a comb.

And the work of the tractor did not end there. Now they attach not a harrow to it, but cultivator. The cultivator has no teeth, but it has…. Paws !!!! Yes, they are called “paws”. These paws loosen the soil and pluck the weeds. So that weeds do not interfere with wheat growth!

Now the tractor has done a great job! You can attach a seeder to it. The seeder pours seeds into the ground.

The seed turned out to be in the ground, it will sprout, it will break out as a green stalk. The summer will come to an end, the ears will ripen. The grains in the ears are ripe, hard - it's time to harvest the bread.

Then another car comes to the field - a real giant. They call her "Harvester".

To children about the harvester and combine harvesters. Fun educational video for toddlers

Previously, it was difficult for people to harvest - they cut spikelets with a sickle, then knitted them into sheaves, laid them on a cart, and drove them to thresh. And now all this work on the field is done by smart machines - giants "combines". Maybe you also have a food processor in your kitchen that helps your mom? And on the field, the harvester is different - not the same as kitchen... He removes the grain and therefore is called "Grain harvesting".

In this short, fun and educational video about the toddler food processor, your kids will learn:

• what is a combine harvester and who is a combine harvester?
• how does the harvester work and how does it work?
• what other machinery is working in the field and helping people to harvest grain?

Now the grain harvest has been obtained! They are taking him to elevator, where the grain is stored. Then the grain is taken to a flour mill, where it is made into flour. And the finished flour will be taken to the bakery. At the bakery, bread will be baked from flour. The bread will be brought to the store and we will buy it. This is how bread comes to our table.

Who is always in charge?
Tractor driver in care.
He cherishes the field,
he plows and sows.
Who is always in charge?
Who is always in charge?
Truck in care.
Carries fertilizers
So that the plants grow.
Who is always in charge?
Dozhdichek in care.
It will spill into the field,
The spikelet will get drunk.
Who is always in charge?
Combineer in care.
He removes the rye,
Doesn't know rest.
Who is always in charge?
Baker in care.
He is a skilled master,
He bakes delicious bread.
Who doesn't know worries?
Raine and Mine don't know?
We ate bread
And they cheered up:
"Thanks!" Heljo Mänd.

Part 3. Save bread

Ask the child why bread should be protected? Then read the story about bread.

M. Glinskaya "Bread"

Mom gave Grisha a large piece of bread and sent him out into the street.
Grisha ate bread. The bread was delicious and fragrant, with a shiny crust. Soon the boy was full, and there was still a lot of bread left. Then the guys called Grisha to play a ball. What to do with bread? Grisha thought and threw the bread on the ground.
Uncle Matvey passed by, stopped and asked: "Who threw the bread?"
-He, he! - the guys shouted and pointed to Grisha. Grisha said: “I am already full, but the bread remained. We have a lot of bread, it’s not a pity. ”
Uncle Matvey took the gold star from his chest and said:
“I am a Hero's Star for growing bread and receiving it. BUTyouyou trample bread in the mud. "
Grisha burst into tears: “I didn't know what to do with the bread. He ate his fill, but he stayed ... "
“All right,” Uncle Matvey agreed. “If you didn't know, that's a different story.” He picked up the bread and put it in his palm. “This is my job, your mother’s job, the whole village’s job. Bread must be loved and cherished. - I gave it to Grisha and left.
Grisha wiped away his tears and said to the guys: "I'll eat that bread now."
- You can't, - objected Sanya, - the bread is dirty, you can get sick.
- Where to do with bread now?
At this time, a cart was passing along the road, and Lyska the foal was running after the cart.
- Let's give the bread to Lyska, - suggested Nyura. Grisha handed the foal some bread. Lyska grabbed a chunk, ate it instantly and did not leave. Reaches a muzzle to the guys: Come on again! Axl Oh, how delicious. "

Questions for talking with a child about the story "Bread":

• Why did Grisha throw bread on the ground? What would you do if you were Grisha?
• What did Uncle Matvey say to the boy? Why did Uncle Matvey not scold Grisha?
• Why should bread be protected? How can you save bread? (do not buy too much, you can make croutons or rusks from the leftover bread, the leftover bread can be given to birds or other animals.

Part 4. Proverbs and sayings about bread. Developing speech - reasoning

Ask a child (age 5 and older) to explain why they say that, why people came up with this proverb. This task develops the child's ability to prove his point of view, that is, speech is reasoning.

Children 6-7 years old and older can be given a more difficult task - "find 5 proofs that this proverb about bread is true." This speech exercise is best done in-game. My favorite game that my little students adore is the Bridge game.

• Draw a bridge over the river on a piece of paper. The bridge will be a path of 5 rectangles. Each rectangle is equal in size to the sides of the bricks from the building set.
• The task of a child or a group of children is to move to the other side of the river. And for this you need to pick up 5 proofs - answers to the question: "Why do they say so?"
• Give the child 5 building bricks. Every brick in the game will overlap with the rectangle of the bridge, so it must be exactly the same size as it.
• The child begins to glean evidence. You help him with leading questions, or vice versa, ask problem provoking questions. For example: “Is bread the head of everything? Water is the head of everything! A person cannot live without it. And you can live without bread! " Once the child has found proof of his point of view - the exact argument - we put a brick on the bridge. One step passed. And why do they say so? Find more evidence!

Useful Tips from my practical experience with this proverbial game:

• Some children will need not only to draw a bridge, but to come up with a whole story about why we need to cross it and complete this task. For example, in the game we go to save someone or look for a magic letter or visit a friend or go to the field to watch the bread grow.
• You can build a bridge of 5 bricks according to 1 proverb. Or you can draw a long bridge of 15 bricks (and use 3 proverbs). The second option works well for a group of children.

Proverbs for playing with children on the theme "Bread":

- Bread is the head of everything! (What does "head" mean? - the main one. Why is the main bread for everything?).
- They danced that they were left without bread. (It is difficult for children to understand the figurative meaning of the word "danced", so it is better to use the direct meaning here - if you dance and do not work, you cannot grow bread).
- Bread is father, water is mother.
- Bread is a gift of God, father, breadwinner.
- Bread and salt, and dinner went.
- There will be bread - there will be a song.
- The rye is ripe - get down to business.
- A lot of snow - a lot of bread. +

More about bread you can find interesting materials for classes and games with children in the articles of the "World around us" section:

1. An interesting article in pictures “For children about professions. Confectioner". From it, your children will learn:

• who bakes the buns? What is the difference between the professions of a cook and a pastry chef?
• what are the buns and pies?
• how does the pastry shop work?

You will take a real video trip to the shop where buns are baked. And also you will receive a series of educational games with children in pictures!

2. Autumn traditions in Russia - harvesting bread, seeing off migratory birds and more. Autumn is a goldsmith.

All pictures of the article available for printing and other pictures for classes with children on the topic "Bread", as well as a step-by-step description of speech games on this topic, you can download for free here -.

You will find more materials to familiarize children with the professions in the article "Children about the profession of a firefighter: informative stories in pictures, games, educational tasks".

How do you introduce children to where the bread came from? Is it possible to educate modern children to respect bread and other results of human labor? What are your children interested in learning about the world around them? What suggestions do you have - what else will be interesting to read in the section of the site "The World Around Us". I suggest discussing it in the comments after the article. I will be glad to any suggestions!

Until we meet again at the "Native Path"!

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Farmer. Children about professions

In order for us to move, study, work, play, we must eat. After all, it is with food that we get a large amount of vitamins and other useful substances. And where do the products from which the food is prepared come from? (From fields and farms). It may be a discovery for a child that the appearance of ordinary bread is preceded by a long and laborious process: first, they plowed the field, planted grains in it, then spikelets grew in the field, they were removed, they made flour from them, and then they baked bread from it.

Farmer - the owner of an agricultural enterprise (farm). Since ancient times, people began to grow plants for food and tame animals for milk, eggs, meat, skins, wool. Over time, they learned to breed new varieties of plants and breeds of domestic animals that were much better than wild ones. Now the farmer's work is facilitated by machines: tractors, combines. On many farms, animals are fed and watered by machines. But even now there is a lot of physical labor on the farm: you need to cultivate the land, plant plants and harvest, take care of pets. The farmer must not only collect and preserve, but also sell the results of his work: crops or livestock products.

Discuss with the children what qualities a farmer should have. A farmer needs to know a lot about plants, pets and birds in order to properly care for them. He must understand agricultural technology; be able to store and process the received products; to treat animals. A farmer can only be a nature-loving person, skillful, patient and very responsible.

Questions to consolidate.

What is a farm? What is a farmer's job? What qualities should a farmer have? What machines help him in his work?

Words to enrich children's vocabulary: farm, farmer, agriculture, tractor, harvester, crop, product, variety, breed, grow, collect, save, process.

See also:

Coloring page - Vegetables, fruits, berries

Game-lesson for children 3-5 years old. Vegetables in the garden

Coloring page "Animals and their cubs"

Coloring pages - Animals

Russia. Amazing animals

(OKVED 2) 01.11.11 Growing wheat

Wheat is the most important agricultural crop in many countries, including Russia. Not only the most popular bread is baked from it, but also pasta and confectionery products are made. However, today agriculture in the country cannot be called a highly developed industry. To the capricious natural conditions, one can add the policy of the state, which is not very eager to develop the agricultural sector of the economy. All these external threats are stopping many entrepreneurs who can and would like to engage in agriculture.

But where there are difficulties, the level of competition is always lower. And agriculture, considered as food production, must satisfy the needs of a huge number of people, so there can be a lot of players in such a market. At the same time, farmers rarely compete, preferring even well-coordinated work to it. It is possible to earn money on growing wheat, especially if you have work experience and / or knowledge about agriculture, while an urban person will have to study a lot of literature in order to know only in theory how best to sow, germinate and harvest wheat. If an entrepreneur has never dealt with agriculture before, then without the help of an experienced agronomist, he will most likely not receive even a cost-recovery crop.

Wheat is a very picky crop (as, indeed, all others cultivated by man), and even the slightest mistake can be very expensive.As many farmers note, it is very difficult to cultivate wheat and sometimes it is unprofitable, so you need to make sure several times that the wheat will grow and then be sold, otherwise such an undertaking can only become a waste of time, effort and money. But even in the case when everything is calculated and the forecast is favorable, there are risks associated with natural conditions. But on the positive side, it is worth noting that in the light of recent events, the state is sluggishly beginning to change something in the agricultural sector, and even, it seems, in the right direction.

How to start a grain crops business from scratch

To start your own business, you need to register as a business entity. Of course, it is possible to register an individual entrepreneur or a form of a legal entity, but for farming it is better to register a peasant farm - a peasant farm. It will not work to do with private household plots - personal subsidiary plots, since the volume of growing and harvesting grain crops is much higher than the volume that can be on a personal plot. Registration will take about 20 thousand rubles, taking into account the collection of all papers and obtaining permits in all instances. But even before the registration stage, it is better to find the land on which the work is planned. There will be no problems with it in the south of Russia, but in the middle lane you can find fields suitable for growing wheat.

Profitable franchises

Huge areas are sown with wheat, otherwise there will be no benefit, and this requires at least 100 hectares of land. Some farmers rent thousands of hectares, because the more land is cultivated, the greater the profitability of the whole undertaking, not to mention the absolute indicators of profit. To get a sufficient amount of flour, you need to grow a lot of wheat, and therefore buy grain in tens of tons. And in this case, a farmer who offers very little of his products is not of interest to large buyers, and will be able to sell the goods only on the collective farm market, and the revenue on it cannot be very large.

It is probably not worth buying the land, it is better to lease it for several years, at first - only for a year. The cost of renting a hectare of land is up to three and a half thousand rubles a year, but this is precisely the case of black soil, other types of soils are rented out for much less money. If we take into account the black earth regions, then 350 thousand rubles will have to be allocated for a year, and it can be considered good luck if we manage to agree with the landlord on a monthly payment, often money is required for a year in advance.

Perhaps it makes sense to rent a smaller area for sowing, but this is calculated separately by each entrepreneur in his region, but since wheat is always needed, it is hypothetically possible to sell it even in the case of the largest consignments. Therefore, not in the predominantly agricultural regions of the country, a large amount of wheat for sale can be provided with even more significant volumes of purchases, but it is a little more difficult to grow it not on black soil. Thus, from about 200 thousand will be required for an annual lease of 100 hectares of land in central Russia to 350 thousand in the south.

Characteristics of wheat varieties for sowing

When the land is found, you need to decide what kind of wheat you will have to grow. There are many varieties of this cereal, and you need to select the most popular and productive one, which grows precisely on the right soil and is resistant to specific climatic conditions. Wheat has the largest number of varieties (from the agricultural point of activity) in comparison with all other cereal crops, but here you need to decide first of all what kind of wheat will be grown - feed or food. Some people sow the fields with different types of this cereal in order to reach a larger number of consumers in the end. According to statistics, it is fodder wheat that is consumed much more.But still, first of all, you need to consider which form of sowing is preferable.

Wheat can be called a good crop precisely because it can be both spring and winter. Therefore, depending on the region, its climate and the characteristics of agriculture, varieties are selected that are sown either in spring, or in late summer or autumn. Sometimes the practice of sowing winter wheat, which is harvested in the spring, is used, after which spring wheat is sown in the same field. This allows you to save space and get a crop twice a year. But then you may not have time to sow the field again with winter crops, and even in this case, the risk of plant diseases increases.

Competent farming does not at all imply planting one land with the same crop several times in a row, usually after harvesting on the land, they begin to grow another crop in order to replace it with the original or even a third one next year. This is all called crop rotation, and takes into account the allelopathy of plants, that is, their mutual influence on each other. At the same time, one should not count on sowing the earth with triticale or rye after wheat, closely related plants, and cereals in general, should not replace each other every year.

Thus, a novice entrepreneur must choose several crops that he will be engaged in, taking into account their mutual influence on the soil and germination of the follower, and either divide his site into several parts in order to receive one crop annually (but from different territories), or occupy in different of the year with different plants. To understand all the intricacies, you need to study a lot of literature, and even better to find a person who is well versed in this.

In order to grow wheat, you need a considerable amount of seeds for sowing. So, the minimum can be called 100 kilograms of seeds per hectare, and sometimes this figure is several times higher. It all depends on how rich the soil is, what plants grew on it before and on the general climatic conditions. If we take an average sowing rate of 150 kilograms per hectare, then 15 tons of seeds are required per 100 hectares. The price of one ton of wheat seeds is 6 thousand rubles on average, but it can be higher or lower depending on the variety.

Thus, the seed fund will cost 90 thousand rubles, but this is a very average figure for the above reasons. Seeds are purchased at first from a company specializing in this, in the future these expenses will not be, since material grown independently will be used. The norms and sowing conditions are also very different, depending also on many conditions, and you need to be prepared for the fact that you have to learn from your own mistakes, choosing the most optimal cultivation methods.

What equipment is needed for growing wheat

From the capacities, the farmer will need specialized equipment and a barn for storing wheat. The barn can be installed on an area near the house or directly on the field itself, but it is better to store the equipment in a conspicuous place. Machines are divided into those that help to care for the grain and those that are intended for harvesting. But most farmers hire a harvester at harvest time, as the machine is expensive, and buying it only for use, at best several times a year, is quite unprofitable. Therefore, it remains to purchase the following technique:

• Tractor.

• Harrow and plow.

• Seeder.

• Stubble cultivator.

• Cultivator.

All this equipment can either be purchased new, or you can buy used equipment, or take out a loan for it or arrange a lease. Some farmers also rent these machines, not just harvesting equipment. It all depends on the amount of funds available, and sometimes you have to get by with the rental of used equipment.Better, of course, to buy a new one and make depreciation deductions, and you can save especially well if you get borrowed funds for equipment.

Profitable franchises

If larger areas of wheat cultivation are planned, then it is worth thinking about buying some equipment in several copies, since otherwise there will be a chance that it will not be possible to harvest on time. Modern equipment has reduced the need for manual physical labor to a minimum, but if all the need for it appears, then you can find workers in the nearest settlement, where there are always workers to perform periodic work.

The entrepreneur himself can cope with all other tasks with the help of his family, but what is definitely necessary if a businessman is inexperienced in farming is constant consultations of an experienced agronomist. Only such a person can say exactly how, what and when it is better to sow and harvest. It is not necessary to hire him as a permanent worker, but finding him in the nearest collective farm or even as a farmer who grows crops on his own is still very good. A specialist consultation, which occurs constantly and at all stages of farming, can help to grow a really good harvest.

Top dressing and fertilizers for growing wheat

We must not forget about fertilizing and fertilizing wheat, as well as pest control. Wheat is especially vulnerable to weeds, as it has a weak root system. It is possible to significantly reduce the number of harmful plants and animals by constant orders to combat them, but if the predecessor was chosen correctly, then pathogens and weeds will appear in insignificant quantities.

From fertilizers, it is also better to choose organic or even biological origin. It is rather difficult to name the approximate cost of such work here, because there are too many factors to be taken into account. But for 100 hectares of land, you need to have at least 50 thousand rubles, and even for this money it is unlikely that it will be possible to apply a large amount of fertilizer and carry out several orders for treatment with pesticides. This amount will be enough under all possible favorable conditions.

Wheat is an annual plant, which means it grows in less than one year. Winter wheat (namely, it is planted almost everywhere, except for black soil) is planted in mid-August in the northern regions or at the beginning of October in the south. It ripens in the spring, shortly before sowing spring crops, thus experiencing a significant drop in temperature. The whimsicality of this cereal can cause crop failure in the event of severe frosts in the absence of a snow cap, under which it is optimal for these plants to winter. The unpredictable weather in Russia in recent decades significantly complicates the process of farming. Against this background, a spring crop may seem less susceptible to climatic conditions, but in this case, the likelihood of drought cannot be ruled out (which, however, is a little easier to deal with). Cereals love a mild climate, and sudden changes in temperature, fierce winters and hot summers only have a detrimental effect on the harvest. If successful, you can count on a good harvest of wheat.

Wheat business profitability

As world practice shows, the relative yield in this country is on average two times lower than the average for Europe. So, in European countries, 5.5 tons are harvested per hectare, in Russia, the record was the collection of 2.4 tons per hectare. But these are the average figures for the country, in some regions it is better, in others, respectively, worse, and if even this favorable outcome is accepted, then it turns out 240 tons per hundred hectares of land.

The price of wheat is higher in the winter months, especially in January (this gives an advantage in the cultivation of spring cereals), the lowest at the end of summer. The price will be completely different if you sell grain in kilograms on the market or sell the harvested material to the relevant companies specializing in grain grinding or resale. On the farm, wheat is bought for about 7 thousand per ton, in agricultural regions this price is slightly lower, but in the middle lane and northern regions it can reach 8 thousand rubles per ton.

Thus, 240 tons can be sold for 1 million 680 thousand rubles, which can only return the funds for the purchase of equipment in the first year, and the rest will be spent on renting space and other fixed costs. In subsequent years, it will no longer be necessary to purchase equipment, and it will be possible to make a profit, but if the equipment was bought from hands, then after the first year of operation, profit from the sale may remain. Accordingly, we can talk about an increase in profitability with each new hectare of leased land, but this is an additional expenditure per year for each hectare. That is, the profitability can be calculated exactly only in each specific case, its positive dynamics coincides with the area of ​​the sown area. Therefore, large farms sometimes grow wheat in square kilometers, because grains, which make up a small percentage of the mass of a plant, are valuable in it directly to humans.

Summing up, we can say that the payback of such an agricultural business only in the most favorable scenario will be the season - from sowing to sale after harvest. It is not worth dealing with wheat alone, you need to know the allelopathy of several plants and alternate them from year to year or change their location on the territory. The minimum costs in the case of renting 100 hectares will be about half a million rubles, but only in regions with cheap land and under the conditions of buying very inexpensive equipment. But with such initial data, the harvest will not be too large. It is better to arrange wheat cultivation in such a way that a significant part of the crop remains for the winter, when it is most profitable to sell it. And, of course, the so important and necessary work of a farmer, although very hard, is exactly what feeds people both in cities and in rural areas.

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25.12.2014 10:00:33

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