What crops are grown in the Kaliningrad region?

The volume of agricultural production of all agricultural producers (agricultural organizations, peasant (farm) farms and individual entrepreneurs, household farms) in 2017, according to preliminary estimates, amounted to 31,461.4 million rubles (in current prices), or 100.3% by 2016 (in the NWFD - 97.4%; in the RF - 102.4%).

Plant growing

Crop production provides about 51% of agricultural production in the Kaliningrad region, which de facto makes it a strategic sector of the agro-industrial complex. Its key segments are grain production, growing oilseeds and essential oil crops, potatoes, vegetables, fruits and berries.

The crop production index (in farms of all categories) according to preliminary data amounted to 93.7% compared to the previous year (in comparable prices) (in the Northwestern Federal District - 85.5%, in the Russian Federation - 101.2%).

Agriculture in the region in 2017 was carried out in extremely difficult weather and climatic conditions. Abundant precipitation in the spring and autumn of this year became the main reason for waterlogging of the soil, which was the reason for the introduction of emergency regimes.

In 2017, in farms of all categories, the sown area of ​​agricultural crops amounted to 250.2 thousand hectares and decreased compared to 2016 by 4.5%. Agricultural enterprises account for 211.3 thousand hectares (84.4% of the sown area). Farmers' crops amounted to 29.5 thousand hectares (11.8%), in households - 9.4 thousand hectares (3.8%).

In 2017, 50.1% of the sown area of ​​the region was sown with grain and leguminous crops, 125.2 thousand hectares are occupied under them, which is 6.2% less than in 2016, including 61 thousand hectares - under winter crops crops (20.2% more), 64.2 thousand hectares - under spring crops (22.4% less).

The sown area under industrial crops decreased by 18.8% and amounted to 32.5 thousand hectares.

In the region, the sown area of ​​potatoes decreased by 10.4% and amounted to
7.9 thousand hectares. Sown area of ​​vegetables decreased by 100.3 hectares, which is 3.5% less than in 2016.

Fodder crops occupy 81.8 thousand hectares, which is 6.7% more than in 2016.

The decrease in the indicator is due to the prevailing critical waterlogging of the soil due to the fall of a two-fold norm of precipitation in the fall of 2016 (autumn sowing campaign) and in the spring of 2017 (spring sowing).

In the fall of 2017, a difficult situation developed in crop production in the Kaliningrad region. Due to the inability to enter the field, seasonal field work (harvesting campaign, winter sowing, forage procurement) was suspended for more than 45 days.

Despite this, the indicators of certain types of agricultural crops in the Kaliningrad region are higher than the average for the Russian Federation.

The average yield of grain and leguminous crops in 2017 amounted to 36.7 c / ha (the average yield in the Russian Federation is 29.1 c / ha, the average yield in the Northwestern Federal District is 27.8 c / ha), including the number of wheat - 39.8 c / ha (the average yield in the Russian Federation is 31.2 c / ha, the average yield in the Northwestern Federal District is 33 c / ha). The average yield of rapeseed was 27.1 c / ha (the average yield in the Russian Federation is 15.6 c / ha, the average yield in the Northwestern Federal District is 27 c / ha).

Despite the current situation, according to operational information, 394.3 thousand tons of grain and legumes in weight after processing (98.6% to the level of 2016), rapeseed - 79.2 thousand tons (131.7% to level of 2016), 122.5 thousand tons of potatoes (88% to the level of 2016), vegetables in open and protected ground - 66.61 thousand tons (97.2% to the level of 2016).

The high export potential of food grains, corn, buckwheat and oilseeds makes this direction attractive for many agricultural producers. In addition, the introduction of intensive technologies in crop production allowed the Kaliningrad region to become one of the leading constituent entities of the Russian Federation in terms of the yield of rapeseed (one of the five leaders) and grain crops (one of the ten leaders).

As in previous years, agricultural organizations remain the main producers of grain and oilseeds in the region. In 2017, they accounted for 86.9% of the gross grain harvest (342.8 thousand tons), 91.9% of the gross harvest of oilseeds (72.8 thousand tons).

The production of potatoes and vegetables is concentrated in households, which in 2017 grew 68.9% of the total harvest of potatoes and 62.3% of vegetables.

Peasant (private) farms and individual entrepreneurs in 2017 collected 12.1% of the total grain harvest in farms of all categories (in 2016 - 9.8%), vegetables - 27.7% (31.0%) and potatoes - 16.0% (21.9%).

The Kaliningrad Region is a favorable region for efficient industrial horticulture. The industry began its rebirth with the laying of the first 20 hectares of an industrial apple orchard in 2013. Substantial state support contributed to the accelerated increase in the area of ​​laying perennial fruit and berry plantations.

In total, the area of ​​perennial plantings was 833 hectares, including 740 hectares for orchards, 68 hectares for perennial berry crops and 25 hectares for garden strawberries.

In 2017, for the first time, apple juice made from local apples was supplied to the European Union.

Livestock

The livestock production index in 2017 amounted to 107.1% compared to the previous year in a comparable estimate (preliminary data) (in the Northwestern Federal District - 104.2%; in the Russian Federation - 102.8%).

As of January 1, 2018, in farms of all categories, the number of cattle, according to calculated data, amounted to 123.9 thousand heads (7.4% more compared to the same date of the previous year), of which cows - 58.9 thousand. heads (9.6% more), pigs - 218.0 thousand heads (19.4% more), sheep and goats - 93.0 thousand heads (3.5% less), poultry - 2501, 5 thousand heads (0.2% more).

In the structure of livestock, households accounted for 23.6% of cattle, 4.5% of pigs, 83.2% of sheep and goats (as of January 1, 2017 - respectively 24.5%, 6.3% and 81, nine%). In peasant farms and individual entrepreneurs, there were 5.6% of the cattle, 0.3% of pigs, 13.4% of sheep and goats (as of January 1, 2017 - 5.8%, 0.2% and 14.1%).

In agricultural organizations, at the beginning of 2018, compared with the corresponding date of 2017, the number of cattle increased by 9.1%, cows - by 12.5%, pigs - by 21.5%, poultry - by 2.3%. The number of sheep and goats decreased by 17.3%.

In 2017, farms of all categories, according to calculations, produced livestock and poultry for slaughter (in live weight) 84.8 thousand tons (+ 6.9%), milk - 175.3 thousand tons (+ 0.5% ), eggs - 235.7 million pieces (+ 10.4%).

The share of households, peasant (farmer) households and individual entrepreneurs in the total production of livestock and poultry for slaughter (in live weight) was 12.5%, milk - 40.1%.

In agricultural organizations in 2017 compared to 2016, the production of livestock and poultry for slaughter (in live weight) increased by 7.9%, eggs - by 11.5%. Milk production decreased by 0.2%.

In 2017, agricultural organizations produced an average of 7,417 kilograms of milk per cow (103.6% by 2016). On average, 322 eggs were received per one laying hen against 301 in 2016.

On the territory of the Kaliningrad region, 20 breeding structures for the breeding of farm animals are currently operating.

Since 2016, the breeding farms of the region for the first time in the post-Soviet period have resumed the supply of breeding products outside the region. In 2017, pedigree sales of 1,301 heads of purebred young Holstein cattle were made to Bashkiria, Ryazan and Moscow regions. The filling of the region with breeding stock of cattle of the best world genetics continues. In 2017, 899 heads of Holstein and Simmental heifers were imported from Germany, Hungary and the Czech Republic.

Particular attention is paid to the introduction of artificial insemination in small forms of farming as a factor in increasing the productivity of animals. Subordinate to the Ministry of Agriculture of the Kaliningrad Region, the institution "Center for Pedigree Livestock Management" in 2017 organized on the territory of municipalities interdistrict centers for artificial insemination in Chernyakhovsk, Slavsk, Neman, Nesterov and Krasnoznamensk to provide free services to small-scale farms. More than 200 households have used this service.

An unusual and very beautiful tulip tree has bloomed in Kaliningrad. There are even two of them in the city - one in the Botanical Garden, the other near the Museum of the World Ocean.

The ornamental tree, or, as it is also called, liriodendron, is found in nature only in North America, and its closest relative is magnolia. The flowers are very similar in appearance to tulips and have a delicate and delicate aroma.

The tree reaches a height of 25-35 meters, and in its natural environment it can grow up to 60 meters. The tulip tree is considered the most melliferous of all subtropical crops and can produce a whole kilogram of pollen honey.

The Kaliningrad Region is one of the most agriculturally developed regions of Russia. The total area of ​​farmland exceeds 800 thousand hectares, which is 60% of the land area. In the region, 92% of the land has been reclaimed, and significant costs are required to maintain drainage systems.

In the development of agriculture, significant differences are observed, caused both by natural and climatic conditions, and by the general level of development of the economy, as well as by the prevailing habits and nutritional structure of the population.

The Kaliningrad region from 1990 to the present has negative trends in the volume of agricultural production.

The sharp decline in production in the 1990s was caused by a combination of a number of negative factors. Firstly, a decrease in demand for agricultural products due to a drop in the standard of living of the population. Secondly, the termination of the export of some of the products to Moscow and other industrial regions of the country. Thirdly, by the competition of cheaper imported products, especially from agriculturally developed Poland and Lithuania, which are also experiencing difficulties in the sale of food. Fourth, the termination of state subsidies for the production of agricultural products, a sharp rise in prices for machinery, fertilizers, compound feed, fuels and lubricants in comparison with the purchase prices for agricultural products. Fifth, shortcomings in the organization of the activities of 192 closed joint-stock companies and limited liability partnerships, which became former collective and state farms in the course of privatization. Sixth, the low marketability of 5.6 thousand peasant (farmer) households, each with an average of 18 hectares of land with an insignificant amount (or absence) of equipment. Seventh, the poorly developed market infrastructure, which does not correspond to the changed economic conditions. Particularly great difficulties are associated with the lack of a mechanism for medium and long-term lending to agriculture, which does not have not only the proper conditions for expanded reproduction of funds, but also often working capital for current activities.

As a result, the sown area for 1990-1998 decreased from 416 thousand hectares to 288 thousand hectares. More than half of them are engaged in fodder crops, over 40% - in grain for fodder. Less than 5% is accounted for by potatoes, slightly more than 1% - by vegetables, 1% - by oilseeds (rapeseed). The number of livestock also decreased significantly: cattle - from 468 thousand to 172 thousand heads (including cows - from 170 thousand to 77 thousand), pigs - from 271 thousand to 94 thousand heads (data for 1 January 1991 and 1999). Decreased crop yields and livestock productivity. As a result, meat production (in live weight) decreased from 101 thousand tons in 1991 to 51 thousand tons in 1998, milk - from 546 thousand tons to 238 thousand tons, eggs - from 339 million pieces to 232 million pieces.

Production is increasingly taking on a natural, non-mechanized nature. Households produce about 92% of potatoes and vegetables, 54% of milk and 41% of meat. Only in the production of grain, fodder, poultry and fur farming, the overwhelming majority of products come from large collective enterprises. They account for 82% of grain production, 56% of meat, 42% of milk and 73% of eggs. They are also characterized by the largest decline in production volumes and livestock.

Comparing the development of agriculture in the Kaliningrad region with the North-West region of Russia and other states, it should be noted that, firstly, in crop production in the pre-crisis period (1990 (the region had a yield comparable to Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia (higher for wheat, lower for potatoes) ) and significantly higher than in the Pskov and Novgorod regions (up to five times for wheat, and up to two times for potatoes), secondly, the crop production crisis struck the Kaliningrad region more deeply than other regions: the yield of grain and potatoes from 1990 to 1994 The region has fallen twice in the region, and in the Pskov and Novgorod regions it has increased. favorable natural and climatic conditions.Thirdly, in animal husbandry, the region also has a low not indicators of development, although the rate of decline in livestock approximately corresponds to the Baltic.

In other words, in crop production, the problem is the low plowing of agricultural land, with low volumes of fertilization and poor equipment supply (in addition to financial problems, the availability of seeds, and so on), and in animal husbandry, there is a weak fodder base, which sharply reduces productivity in autumn and winter. period (in addition to the problems of livestock breeding and general economic problems).

Due to the fact that most of the farms have small areas of agricultural land, are poorly provided with machines and mechanisms, farmers do not have adequate education, access to credit resources, and it is difficult for them to compete in the food market. The share of farms in the region's agricultural production is only about 3-5%. Less than a quarter of them work relatively successfully, producing marketable products. These are mainly farms developing specialization, as well as horizontal and vertical integration.

So far, only a few agricultural enterprises of the region have adapted to the changed conditions and market transformations. The situation continues to deteriorate. To stabilize the situation, measures are needed at the federal and regional levels.Federal assistance is required for the development of livestock breeding, loans and support for farms, training of specialists, land reclamation and environmental protection. Regional measures should be aimed at creating a market infrastructure, developing a fodder base, retraining managers of enterprises, farms, specialists, and stimulating the production of competitive products. In the implementation of these areas, according to experts, the Kaliningrad region can effectively use the natural potential, fully provide the local market with the main types of products and be competitive in certain types of products on the foreign market.

Economy of the Kaliningrad region due to its peculiar geographical position, the relative main mass of the territory of Russia has always been distinguished by a number of peculiar features, among which we can name several periods of radical restructuring and export orientation. The most important sectors of the region's economy are industry (about 34% of the GRP as of 2009), as well as tourism and recreation.

History

In 1945, the economy of the newly formed region underwent a radical restructuring, restructuring under the framework of the planned administrative-command economy of the USSR. During this period, a large fishing complex was created in the region in a short time, which significantly changed the industrial, and after that, the socio-economic appearance of the region. In addition, the contribution of the military-industrial complex to the regional economy has increased. The collapse of the USSR led to de-industrialization and partial demilitarization. However, in the same period, in order to mitigate the consequences of the growing isolation of the region in the region in 1996, a free economic zone "Yantar" was created (the law "On the Special Economic Zone in the Kaliningrad Region"). After 1998, with the expansion of the all-Russian market, where Kaliningrad goods are traditionally exported, the practically unchanged economic regime regulated by the adopted in 1996, the regional economy switched to import substitution and servicing the foreign economic relations of the Russian Federation. In 2014-2015, due to the relatively unfriendly policy of the EU and NATO countries towards Russia, the region's economy suffered the most from the sanctions packages. On the other hand, the federal authorities have stepped up funding for the region's military-industrial complex, including by placing Iskander on its territory.

Industry

The industry of the region was re-created during the Soviet years. Kaliningrad, which has an ice-free port, has become the center of industry.

Between 1990 and 1996, industrial production fell by more than 3 times.

The specificity of the products produced in the Kaliningrad region and the focus of local enterprises is their orientation, first of all, to the Russian market: about 80% of the products of Kaliningrad enterprises are exported to the main territory of Russia.

As industrial production was restored in the 2000s, the region moved up in the ranking of Russian regions. So, in 2003, the region produced 35% of Russian TV sets and vacuum cleaners, 16% of meat and 34% of canned fish in the country, extracted 11% of fish and seafood, produced 6% of furniture and 4% of cellulose. Despite the fact that in 2003 the region produced only 2.1% of Russian alcoholic beverages, the Kaliningrad region provided 24% of Russian proceeds from the export of vodka.

The most significant industrial enterprises of the Kaliningrad region (for 2014):

Manufacturing industries

Mining

• LLC Lukoil-Kaliningradmorneft

Amber industry

• State Unitary Enterprise "Kaliningrad Amber Combine"

Food production

• CJSC "Sodruzhestvo-SOYA"
• LLC "Foodstuffs"
• LLC "Concordia"
• LLC "Miratorg-Kaliningrad"
• JSC "Milk"
• LLC "AgroNeman"
• LLC "Roscon"
• LLC "Creon"
• LLC "Kaliningrad fish cannery"
• LLC "Vichunay Rus"
• LLC "Company PIT"
• LLC "SPI RVVK"

Textile and clothing production

• Baltic Line CJSC
• LLC "Grammer-Kaliningrad"
• LLC "Balttextile"
• LLC "Smalta"
• LLC "Politex"
• LLC "M.N. Baltika "
• CJSC "Profra"
• LLC "Balterma-Kaliningrad"

Pulp and paper production

• JSC "Soviet pulp and paper plant"

Publishing and printing activities

Wood processing and production of wood products

• OJSC "Lesobalt"
• GK "Optim"
• LLC "Dominga NIK"

Chemical production

• Arvi NPK LLC
• CJSC "Alko-Nafta"

Manufacture of rubber and plastic products

Building materials production

• JSC "Zavod zhBI-2"
• Eco Block LLC
• OJSC "Selikatstrom"
• LLC "Baltkeramika"
• LLC "Fifth Element"
• Group of companies "Basis-Design"
• Keramzit CJSC
• LLC "TeploPromEnergo"
• LLC "Stalkor"
• LLC "Avangardstroymaterialy"

Metallurgical production

• JSC "Kaliningrad Container Plant"
• CJSC "Metal Packaging"
• LLC "Plant of metal structures Lukoil-Kaliningradmorneft"

Manufacture of machinery and equipment

• JSC "Baltkran"
• LLC "Systems Oil and Gas Baltia"
• JSC "ESVA"
• JSC "Quartz"

Manufacture of electrical, electronic and optical equipment

• LLC "Company Telebalt"
• CJSC "BMS PRO"
• LLC "Goods of the Future"
• LLC "PkV"
• JSC NPO Digital Television Systems
• LLC "Prankor"
• KROOI "Televolna"
• LLC "Plant" Kaliningradgazavtomatika "

Vehicle production

• OJSC "Avtotor Holding"
• OJSC "PSZ" Yantar "
• LLC "PSP" Pregol "
• LLC "Shiprepair-West"
• FSUE OKB "Fakel"

Furniture manufacture

• LLC "Maksik"
• LLC "RosLit"
• LLC "Akvella"
• Falke-Mebel LLC
• LLC "Lazurit"
• CROI "Mebelshchik"
• Rossibbalt LLC
• LLC "Nimax"
• LLC "Interdesign"

Manufacture of leather, leather goods and footwear

Amber processing

The most promising in terms of production volume and types of products are:

• LLC "Yantarnaya Volna"
• LLC "Amber Illusion"
• LLC "MPF Emelyanov"
• LLC "Russian Amber"
• LLC "Souvenirs of the Baltic"
• LLC NPF Alex
• LLC "Amber lagoon"
• LLC "Ambertrin"
• IP Simukov

Power engineering

The main generating company is the Kaliningradskaya CHPP-2 branch of JSC INTER RAO - Electric Power Plants with an installed capacity of 875 MW. The largest of 32 power grid companies is Yantarenergo OJSC. The Kaliningrad energy system is a part of the united energy system of the North-West Federal District.

In 2016, electricity generation amounted to 6727.8 million kWh, consumption - 4458.951 million kWh (including from renewable sources - 11.552 million kWh).

Agriculture

The volume of agricultural production of all agricultural producers in 2017 at current prices of 31,461.4 million rubles (preliminary estimate), which is 100.3% of the indicator in 2016, but still does not reach the maximum in 2015 (32,312 million rubles). In the structure of agricultural production, the share of agricultural organizations in the total output is 58.3%, which is higher than in 2016 (56.7%), but lower than their share in 2015 (60.7%).

In 2017, the sown area of ​​agricultural crops is 250.2 thousand hectares, which, compared to 2016, means a decrease of 4.5%. Agricultural enterprises cultivated 211.3 thousand hectares (84.4% of the sown area). The crops of farmers - 29.5 thousand hectares (11.8%), in households - 9.4 thousand hectares (3.8%).

In 2017, 50.1% of the sown area of ​​the region was sown with grain and leguminous crops, occupying 125.2 thousand hectares, which is 6.2% less than in 2016, including 61 thousand hectares - under winter crops (20.2% more), 64.2 thousand hectares - under spring crops (22.4% less). The sown area under industrial crops decreased by 18.8% and amounted to 32.5 thousand hectares. Also, the sown area of ​​potatoes decreased by 10.4%, which amounted to 7.9 thousand hectares. Sown area for vegetable crops decreased by 100.3 hectares, which is 3.5% less than in 2016. Fodder crops occupy 81.8 thousand hectares, which is 6.7% more than in 2016.

The main producers of grain and oilseeds in the region are agricultural organizations. In 2017, their share amounted to 86.9% of the gross grain harvest (342.8 thous.tons) and 91.9% of the gross harvest of oilseeds (72.8 thousand tons).

The production of potatoes and vegetables is mainly concentrated in households, where in 2017 they grew 68.9% of the total harvest of potatoes and 62.3% of vegetables. Farms and individual entrepreneurs in 2017 collected 12.1% of the total grain harvest (in 2016 - 9.8%), vegetables - 27.7% (31.0%) and potatoes - 16.0% (21, nine%).

At the beginning of 2018, the number of cattle, according to estimated data, amounted to 123.9 thousand heads (7.4% more than in the previous year), including 58.9 thousand cows (by 9.6 % more), pigs - 218.0 thousand heads (19.4% more), sheep and goats - 93.0 thousand heads (3.5% less), poultry - 2501.5 thousand heads (by 0.2% more). In the structure of livestock, households account for 23.6% of cattle, 4.5% of pigs, 83.2% of sheep and goats (at the beginning of 2017, respectively - 24.5%, 6.3% and 81.9 %). In farms and individual entrepreneurs, there were 5.6% of the cattle, 0.3% of pigs, 13.4% of sheep and goats (at the beginning of 2017 - 5.8%, 0.2% and 14.1% ). In agricultural organizations, at the beginning of 2018, compared with the previous year, the number of cattle increased by 9.1%, cows by 12.5%, pigs by 21.5%, poultry by 2.3%. The number of sheep and goats decreased by 17.3%.

In 2017, according to calculations, livestock and poultry were produced for slaughter in live weight of 84.8 thousand tons, milk - 175.3 thousand tons, eggs - 235.7 million pieces.

The share of households, farms and individual entrepreneurs in the total production of livestock and poultry for slaughter was 12.5%, milk - 40.1%.

In agricultural organizations in 2017 compared to 2016, the production of livestock and poultry for slaughter increased by 7.9%, eggs - by 11.5%. Milk production decreased by 0.2%. In 2017, agricultural organizations produced an average of 7,417 kilograms of milk per cow (103.6% by 2016). On average, 322 eggs were obtained per one laying hen against 301 in 2016.

Fisheries complex

Transport system

Kaliningrad is a major transport hub in the region, where 6 railway lines and 4 highways converge, there are ice-free sea trade and fishing ports, a river port, and an airport.

The transport complex of the Kaliningrad region includes railway, water, air, road transport. External railway communication is carried out along two highways: the first passes through the territory of Lithuania and Belarus to Russia and the CIS countries, the second goes to Poland and Germany.

Kaliningrad and its sea port of Baltiysk, as the only Russian ice-free ports in the Baltic, are of national importance, providing a significant part of foreign trade coastal shipping in the Baltic Sea.

In terms of the provision of light vehicles, the Kaliningrad region is one of the first in Russia. In 2016, according to the traffic police, 465,818 vehicles were registered (in 2015 - 461,899), which is 1 vehicle for every 2.10 residents of the region (for 2.11 residents in 2015). Legal entities own 47,449 transport units (37,814 in 2015), and individuals - 418,369.

In 2017, 63,619.1 thousand passengers were transported by bus transport of all legal entities, while the passenger turnover amounted to 752.2 million passenger-km. Organizations with more than 15 employees transported 2,427.2 thousand tons of cargo by road in 2017, with a freight turnover of 1,044.8 million ton-km.

Tourism industry

The structure of inbound tourism in 2011—2013 to Kaliningrads

• preclusters (Pioneer and Baltic).

Territory brand

The exclave region has a tourist brand "Yantarny Krai" (the brand of the entire North-West region of Russia (NWFD) - "Russian Treasures").

Small business

Banking sector

Foreign investment

Within the framework of the international exhibition of commercial real estate MIPIM-2009, held in Cannes (France), the Government of the Kaliningrad region presented five projects at the joint exposition "Russian Regions":

• Yacht Marina in Pionersky (recreational complex with a pier for cruise ships). The project cost is USD 760 million. Curator of the Amber Land Company project.
• Industrial zone "Guryevskaya"... Own funds - USD 100 million. The required volume of external investments is 87 million euros. Curator - "Land affairs office".
• Cottage settlement "Prusskaya Derevnya"... Curator of the Mersfor Rus project.
• Cottage village "Svetlogorye"... Own funds of MosBaltStroy company - USD 20 million. The total volume of project financing is USD 40 million.
• "Fish Village", Third turn. Ethnographic trade center "Fish Exchange". Curator of the project "Project Finance Company".

State of the art

In the early 2010s, in the new, post-Soviet economic structure of the region, the largest share was occupied by trade and the service sector, as well as financial investments, and the lowest contribution to the GRP was made by scientific research. Thanks to the special regime for visiting the border regions of Poland and Lithuania, private entrepreneurship is developing faster in the Kaliningrad region than in most other Russian regions.

On July 18, by order of the government of the Russian Federation, the Kaliningrad region allocated two billion 328.2 million rubles for the development of the region in anticipation of the 2018 FIFA World Cup.

Notes (edit)

Literature

1. Derendyaeva T.M. Features of tourism development in the Kaliningrad region: monograph. - Kaliningrad: BFARF, FGBOU VPO "KSTU", 2014. - 134 p. - ISBN 978-5-7481-0325-1.
2. Korneevets V.S., Pshtyka V.V. The capacity of the Kaliningrad market of hotel services. // Bulletin of the Baltic Federal University. I. Kant. —Kaliningrad: 2011. - Issue. 9. - S. 162-168.
3. Serbulov A.V. and others. Kaliningrad Region: Problems and Prospects of Strategic Development of Key Spheres of the Economy: Monograph. - Kaliningrad: BGARF, FGBOU VPO "KSTU", 2014. - 164 p. - ISBN 978-5-7481-0327-5.

Links

• Official portal of the Government of the Kaliningrad region. The program of socio-economic development of the Kaliningrad region for 2007-2016.
• Ministry of Tourism of the Kaliningrad Region. State program of the Kaliningrad region "Tourism".
• Ministry of Economy of the Kaliningrad Region. INVEST IN KALININGRAD