How to grow oyster mushrooms at home business plan?

If you have matured the intention to start your own business with a small budget and without significant rental costs, then it makes sense to consider the cultivation of oyster mushrooms as a business. Reviews of those who have tried such a scheme confirm the reality of this type of earnings. In addition, to obtain a decent result, you do not have to immerse yourself in complex processes - working with such mushrooms after a short study of the cultivation features will be relatively simple. This means that such an idea for making money is suitable for almost everyone.

Reasons for relevance

First of all, oyster mushrooms should be dealt with for the reason that they are in demand. People love these mushrooms, they are ready to buy them. If we compare them with porcini mushrooms, then we can safely say that they are not inferior to this product in terms of taste. In addition, oyster mushrooms are very useful because they contain a lot of vitamins, amino acids and proteins.

In the process of growing oyster mushrooms, the use of chemicals is not required, and after the harvest is harvested, they can be stored for a long time. If you correctly draw up a business plan, growing oyster mushrooms will turn into a stable source of good income.

And one more advantage that needs to be paid attention to is the ability to start such a home business without tangible financial risks and fuss with the selection of premises for rent. And if we compare the costs of growing oyster mushrooms and, say, champignons, then the former will turn out to be much less with relatively equal demand.

Where to begin

Initially, you need to understand that for such a business, even if you do not need a lease, you will still need a certain room. This means that growing mushrooms (oyster mushrooms) at home is a business that requires its own plot. This can be a place in the yard of your own house or in the country. It will be problematic to implement such a process in an apartment, but if desired and there is free space, such a prospect remains possible.

So, in order to take the first steps in organizing a mushroom growing business, you will have to find a dark room with high humidity, good air supply and an exhaust hood through which carbon dioxide will escape.

As for growing methods, this can be done on wood cuttings and sawdust, straw bags, boxes and hemp. Natural conditions are also perfect, we are talking about an extensive method.

Supporting processes

There are a number of actions during the mushroom growing process that you just need to know in order to get a good harvest:

- preparatory work for planting the substrate, that is, the basis in which the mushrooms will grow;

- preparation of inoculum, it is also called mycelium;

- observance of all necessary conditions until the moment when primordium (fungus rudiment) appears.

It is important not to be mistaken with the choice of the type of mycelium, on which the final result largely depends. Proper planting of seeds is also of great importance. This factor must be taken into account if we consider the cultivation of oyster mushrooms as a business.

More specifically, in the process of preparing the substrate, you need to use straw or sawdust. They must be steamed initially, and then placed in a bag. In this case, only the raw materials that have had time to cool down are placed. After that, the bags are placed on a shelf in a dark place (room temperature 18-20 ° C). When sowing is complete, it is worth making holes in the blocks (bags). Use a nail as a tool.

You can count on the first noticeable results as early as two weeks after sowing.

What determines the harvest

Growing oyster mushrooms as a business inevitably depends on how many mushrooms a novice entrepreneur will eventually collect. The more product, the higher the income. And in order for the results of the work to please, several key conditions must be observed.

As mentioned above, the room in which the blocks with mushrooms will be placed must have an increased level of humidity, it must also be ventilated and ensure that the optimum temperature is maintained in it.

As the experience of many entrepreneurs who dealt with oyster mushrooms has shown, the best harvest is observed when grown in blocks placed on racks in an upright position. The distance between them should be 90-110 cm. This will allow you to move freely among the blocks both when caring for mushrooms and when harvesting.

If you have to deal with bags, then it is better to arrange the rows with a distance of 30 cm from each other. As for the width of the shelves, in this case it is better to stick to the 40 cm mark. This helps to maintain the desired temperature.

When evaluating the cultivation of oyster mushrooms as a business, reviews should be taken into account without fail. And the experience of many people who have been cultivating these mushrooms confirms the fact that high-quality fruiting can be expected only with a stable observance of the required temperature. At the same time, it is important to understand that, depending on the species, the level may be relevant both at 13-15 ° С and at 25 ° С. Special heating equipment will help to stabilize the temperature regime. Steam heating connected to sensors can perfectly perform this function.

How to deal with lighting and ventilation

So, oyster mushrooms will feel great, provided that the room where they are located has free access to oxygen and there is a good waste of carbon dioxide. If the concentration of the latter exceeds 0.8%, then caps with curled edges and long growths will appear on the mushrooms. With such a presentation, it is hardly worth counting on increased interest from buyers.

For those who have determined for themselves the cultivation of oyster mushrooms as a business, it is important to know the acceptable level of humidity in the room is checked. It is actually not difficult to do this: ventilation is in perfect order if the leg length of growing oyster mushrooms is about a third of the total size of the mushroom.

Also, when installing the ventilation system, it does not hurt to take care of the presence of a filter in it.

Regarding the topic of lighting, it should be noted that in the case of oyster mushrooms, light is needed, but in limited quantities (from 100 to 200 lux for 12 hours). If this norm is neglected and the concentration is increased, then you will have to face such an unpleasant consequence as a significant decrease in the number of primordia.

Irrigation and Moisture Standards

Growing oyster mushrooms as a home business will always involve moisture regulation work. You need to understand that a product such as mushrooms is 90% moisture, and if you allow excessive dryness of the room, then full fruiting will be in question.

This is why bags are ideal for this process - they hold moisture very well. To reliably protect the mushrooms from deformation, you need to achieve a stable humidity level of 85%. But you should not get carried away with moisturizing either. In this situation, “too much” is not good, as the mushrooms can end up poorly tolerating storage, which is an important aspect of the business building process.

To facilitate accurate determination of the humidity level, it makes sense to purchase a device such as a psychrometer. It is not difficult to arrange - it contains two sensors that evaluate dryness and humidity. It is the difference in their readings that makes it possible to identify violations of the required regime or determine its compliance.

If we consider the cultivation of oyster mushrooms in bags as a business, and moreover thoroughly, then one cannot ignore the fact that at different stages of growth these mushrooms require different levels of moisture. This means that lots of different ages must be stored in separate rooms or in one, but divided into several parts with different moisture values.

Now a little about the irrigation process. You need to remember about it at the moment when the size of the fruit bodies reaches 30 mm or 1 cm.In order for the mushrooms to receive high-quality irrigation, it is worth using a mesh with holes up to 0.5 mm. But as for the fogging installations, it is better to forget about them right away. At the same time, it is important to understand that you cannot stop watering even during collection, otherwise you may encounter such a nuisance as deformation of oyster mushrooms.

Key cultivation principles

There are several important rules, in addition to the above, that everyone who has decided to start growing oyster mushrooms should know. Home business in this case must be extremely literate. If you carefully study the requirements and understand their essence, then it will not be difficult to ensure stable yields.

So, here are the rules we are talking about:

- For the fastest possible mycelium overgrowth, the number of substrate layers in the bag should start from 12.

- Directly the mycelium itself must be dispersed in such a way that it covers the entire area of ​​the site. But at the same time, it is worth distributing 80% closer to the walls, and only 20% in the center.

- After completing tamping, it is important to leave room for tying.

- It is important to pay attention to the fact that there are holes in the bags at the bottom, this will allow all excess moisture to drain easily. In general, perforation implies the presence of 10-20 holes per mycelium sac.

- Initially, blocks with emerging mushrooms should be stored in a dark, humid place, but after 14-16 days of maturation, when the entire mycelium is filled with substrate, they must be transferred to a place where there is light, but there is no direct sunlight. This can be a plot in the shade of trees or a house, a basement, or a barn.

More details about the equipment

Obviously, growing oyster mushrooms as a newbie business can be of various sizes. Everyone's home conditions are different: someone has a small area for such experiments, while others can afford to allocate tangible territory for such a business, say, in a country house. And if it so happened that there are no problems with square meters, then it makes sense to think about serious volumes of the grown product, and for this it is already advisable to pay attention to the appropriate equipment.

It is worth starting with an autoclave, with which you can produce mycelium. With this approach, the process of preparing the base for mushroom growth will become much faster.

Equipment for the preparation of the substrate is also relevant. In the absence of funds, you can make a similar machine yourself.For these purposes, you need to find a thick-walled barrel (100-200 liters), pour water into it and bring it to a boil using a lighted fire. Care must be taken to provide taps to allow steam to escape. Thin-walled barrels with the same volumes are connected to such taps and the substrate is already placed in them. In such conditions, it undergoes high-quality heat treatment.

But this is not all the equipment required for growing oyster mushrooms as a business. Reviews confirm the advisability of using equipment for pasture fruit bodies. In fact, we are talking about a well-prepared room or several areas where the required humidity, temperature and the required level of lighting are maintained.

How to calculate profit

A business plan for growing oyster mushrooms inevitably includes calculating costs and potential income.

To obtain the desired numbers, we will perform simple calculations. If we take the simplest option, then the money will be needed to purchase bags and filler - a substrate. On average, ready-made blocks with various relevant content can be purchased for $ 2.5 per piece. Since in this case we are considering a business plan for growing oyster mushrooms at home, the costs of renting premises and employees are not taken into account. Sowing mushrooms can be purchased for $ 1.5 per kg.

If you correctly organize the area, then you can place up to 7 blocks per 1 m2. One such block is capable of producing a harvest of 3 kg of mushrooms. Accordingly, an entrepreneur has 21 kg of oyster mushrooms from a square meter of usable area. As for the implementation, you can try to independently organize the sale and delivery of mushrooms to the end consumer (shops, markets, markets, etc.) or use the services of dealers.

On average, you can get up to $ 3 per kilogram of oyster mushrooms, which leads to a simple conclusion: such a business allows you to enjoy a 100% mark-up on a product and make a tangible profit compared to your investment. This means that those who intend to try their hand at entrepreneurship should seriously consider growing oyster mushrooms as a business. A photo of the process and its detailed description on the forums will allow you to easily understand the features of the process and get constant yields.

Outcomes

Obviously, this business idea deserves attention, since it does not require significant funds to start a business and promises good earnings with a competent organization of the process. Therefore, if you need money, and dreams of your own business are torn out, it makes sense to evaluate the cultivation of oyster mushrooms as a business. The reviews of many enthusiasts who risked taking advantage of this opportunity only confirm the fact that this type of earnings can be safely called promising and extremely safe in relation to financial risks.

How to grow oyster mushrooms at home?

Growing oyster mushrooms as a business is a profitable activity that does not require serious material and physical costs. By sowing the mushrooms once, the farmer will harvest 2 to 4 crops. At the same time, the mushroom farm does not require the constant presence of the owner: it is enough for him to occasionally control the microclimate in the room so that the mycelium does not stop bearing fruit.

Therefore, it is surprising that few land owners grow mushrooms. So how to grow oyster mushrooms at home?

Advantages and disadvantages of the oyster mushroom growing business

The advantages of such a business are obvious:

• minimal investment at the initial stage, since oyster mushrooms do not require special conditions of detention;
• oyster mushrooms are very productive, begin to bear fruit in 1–1.5 months and require almost no maintenance;
• profitability reaches 100% or more.

The only drawback of this enterprise is the lack of a sales market. Oyster mushrooms should be sold fresh, just cut from the garden, and this is not always possible. Therefore, a novice farmer who does not advertise a product may initially work at a loss.

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Business plan for growing oyster mushrooms

Costs

Growing oyster mushrooms as a business involves the following costs:

1. Premises. The owners of summer cottages grow mushrooms on their own land plots, in greenhouses and even in city apartments. But for industrial mushroom growing, spacious basements and sheds are more suitable. Renting a room with a basement with an area of ​​20m2 will cost 20-40 thousand rubles. in year.
2. Mycelium. For each m2, you will have to purchase 1 kg of mycelium. For a room of 20 m2, at least 20 kg of material is required. The best option is grain mycelium at a price of 200 rubles / kg. The purchase of mycelium will cost 4 thousand rubles.
3. Other expenses. This includes buying fans, thermometers and bedding bags. You will spend 10-15 thousand rubles on this.

That's all. Nothing else is needed to create a mushroom farm.

According to the business plan for growing oyster mushrooms, the initial investment of entrepreneurs is 34-59 thousand rubles.

Income

One bag of substrate with mycelium gives up to 4 kg of mushrooms per month. If you place 5 bags per 1 m2, then the yield will be 400 kg. The average cost of a kilogram of mushrooms is 100 rubles.

It turns out that from a mushroom farm you can get 40 thousand rubles a month. If you sell products with the help of wholesale buyers, then the amount will be much more modest. However, in this case, you do not have to worry that part of the crop may be lost.

A business plan for growing sturgeon at home with calculations of costs and incomes, you can see here.

An approximate business plan for growing oyster mushrooms.

Documents for creating your business

To grow and sell oyster mushrooms, you will need the following documents:

• IP status to legalize business;
• instructions for storage and transportation of products;
• permits from the fire inspection and sanitary and epidemiological service;
• phytosanitary certificate for products;
• radiology protocol.

To make sure your farm is less likely to be disturbed by sanitation services, you need to provide product samples for analysis every month.

Step-by-step instructions for registering an individual entrepreneur with the IFTS are in this article.

Growing oyster mushrooms at home for beginners

Mycelium purchase

If you buy a lot of mycelium, contact the wholesale suppliers. Otherwise, the planting material will cost you a significant amount.

High-quality planting material is a guarantee of the success of your business. If you are a beginner and do not have enough experience, then when buying a mycelium, pay attention to its appearance:

• the color of the grain mycelium should be white, with minor splashes of yellow and orange;
• it should not have black or greenish spots;
• temperature of the package with planting material - up to 20 ° C;
• the bag with mycelium should not smell like ammonia.

After purchase, the mycelium can be slowly cooled to 2–4 ° C and stored for 2–3 months. Before planting, let the bag warm up to room temperature, otherwise the mycelium will die when it is placed in a warm substrate.

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The technology of growing oyster mushrooms at home for beginners.

Seat selection

You can grow oyster mushrooms at home in a basement, cellar or shed. Room requirements:

• lack of drafts;
• temperature - 18-23 ° C;
• air humidity - 70–80%.

Growing oyster mushrooms at home for beginners is recommended to be carried out in a room with an area of ​​20 m2. This is enough to understand if you can grow mushrooms. Such an area will fit 100 mushroom "beds" - bags filled with a mixture of substrate and mycelium.

How to grow oyster mushrooms at home: basic technology

Substrate preparation

It is easy to prepare "beds" for oyster mushrooms: take 100 bags of 25 liters and fill them with a mixture of mycelium and substrate.

Use any organic materials as a substrate for oyster mushrooms: mushrooms take root on wheat straw, crushed corn cobs, sunflower husks, sawdust and even paper! However, in the latter case, do not expect high yields.

Before putting the substrate in the bags, it must be decontaminated. The best way is to digest:

• place the material in a tank, fill it with water and cook for 1.5–2 hours;
• send the wet substrate under the press and squeeze out excess water from it;
• cool it down to 25 ° C;
• grind large elements of the substrate to a size of 4–5 cm.

You can soak the substrate in hot water (70–75 ° C) for 4–5 hours. However, this method is only suitable for softening the material: it will not eliminate pathogenic bacteria and mold from the substrate.

Advice! Make sure that the material is wet, but water does not drain from it: excessive moisture in the substrate will cause rotting of the fungi.

Planting mycelium

When the substrate cools down to a temperature of 25 ° C, mycelium (preheated to room temperature) is laid in it. Mix both ingredients in a 1 to 10 ratio and place in bags.

Do not pack the material too tightly: it is enough to fill the bags for 2/3 of the volume. Tie the top of the bag tightly with string.

To make the mushrooms grow outward, make cuts on the sides of the bag. They should be spaced 10 cm apart; their size is 2-3 cm.

How to plant oyster mushroom mycelium?

Incubation

Set the mushroom beds vertically, 10 cm apart. Ideal conditions for mycelium growth:

• temperature - 16-22 ° C;
• Fresh air;
• humidity - 80%;
• daily wet cleaning of the premises.

Measure the temperature in the "beds" periodically. It should be within 24–26 ° C. If it rises above 29 ° C, cool the room with fans, otherwise the mycelium will die.

The incubation process is proceeding correctly if you notice the following changes:

• 1-2 days after laying the mycelium, a white bloom forms on the substrate;
• after 5–8 days, the substrate brightens, acquiring a brownish tint;
• after 10-12 days, white streaks of mycelium appear in the substrate;
• after 14–16 days, centers of fruiting appear in the slots of the bag.

The appearance of centers of fruiting indicates the end of the incubation period.

Fruiting period of mushrooms

To increase the yield of oyster mushrooms, create favorable conditions for them:

• temperature –10–15 ° С;
• air humidity - 90–95%;
• lighting - 10-12 hours a day;
• fresh air access.

Until the mushrooms have got their caps, do not water them. You need to maintain the necessary humidity in another way: sprinkle the walls of the room with water, put a humidifier. And only after the appearance of the caps can you gently spray water on them. There should not be too much of it so that the mushrooms do not rot.

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The fruiting period of oyster mushrooms.

Harvesting

Mushrooms are picked 6-7 days after emergence. Pull them out together with the leg so that the remnants of the oyster mushroom do not provoke rotting of the substrate. Collect mushrooms in sprouts.

Advice! The mycelium bears fruit up to 4 times, after which it must be replaced. To do this, untie the bag, pour out the substrate and look for mold in it. If the material is clean, you can reuse it.

If you have fulfilled all the conditions of the growing technology, fruiting in all "beds" should begin at the same time. The first wave of fruiting will bring up to 70% of the crop, the second - 20%. The third and fourth waves give a very small amount of mushrooms, so you don't have to wait for them.

How to sell the received mushroom products?

Sales of received products

Problems may arise with the sale of finished products: not every mushroom grower knows how to correctly form demand for the products of his farm.

Best marketing options:

• wholesale supplies to supermarkets;
• sale of products to restaurants and cafes;
• sale of mushrooms in vegetable markets;
• internet sales.

While oyster mushrooms do not enjoy the great love of buyers. They prefer standard champignons or porcini mushrooms. But the situation is changing. Now there are more and more recipes for dishes where oyster mushrooms are used. Therefore, the demand is gradually increasing.

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Oyster mushrooms are a very useful product that has excellent taste. Properly cooked oyster mushrooms have a more intense mushroom smell and taste than popular champignons. In order for oyster mushroom cultivation to bring a stable income, the farmer must provide high-quality advertising for his products.

Growing oyster mushrooms at home - technology and other secrets of experienced mushroom pickers are contained in the following video:

(OKVED 2) 01.13.6 Cultivation of mushrooms and truffles

200 000 ₽

Minimum start-up capital

An oyster mushroom growing project is characterized by a low level of risk due to its simplicity of organization, small start-up investments and low operating costs. The payback period of the project from the start of production will be 9 months.

Project summary

The purpose of this project is to grow mushrooms (oyster mushrooms) for the purpose of their fresh implementation in Rostov-on-Don with a subsequent increase in production capacity and expansion of the range of other types of mushrooms. The oyster mushroom is in constant demand among the population, it is distinguished by its unpretentiousness to temperature fluctuations, to the level of humidity and illumination, is easy to care for, and has a quick germination. The costs of growing oyster mushrooms are not high, which makes the business very profitable.

The production has unlimited resources in raw materials (straw, sawdust, corn stumps, seeds, seed husks, etc.) and is located in an ecologically clean area, 15 km from the city, due to which the costs of transporting products without losing their quality for the end consumer are minimal.

The process includes 4 main stages:

1. Purchase of seed (mycelium);

2. Preparation of the substrate (with a bag with a nutrient medium and mycelium);

3. Growing mushrooms;

4. Implementation.

The cost of the project will be 202,500 rubles, which will be taken from personal savings. Mainly, the funds will be spent on the creation and equipment of a greenhouse on the territory of the suburban area owned, as well as the purchase of mycelium, fertilizers and other consumables. The payback period of the project from the start of production will be 9 months.

Project net profit *, rub.	54 919
Return on sales,%
Profitability index, PI
Payback period, months
Discounted payback period, months

* data for 12 months from the start of work sales

The term of the preparatory part of the project will be 2 months. The first harvest is planned to be obtained in 40-50 days after planting.

Profitability of growing mushrooms (oyster mushroom)

Oyster mushrooms are cultivated mushrooms. The market for cultivated mushrooms, unlike the market for wild mushrooms, is easily quantifiable. Until 2014, the largest share of the domestic market (about 85-90%) was occupied by imported products. The volume of Russian production in 2014 was limited to 8.02 thousand tons of mushrooms. However, in August 2014, the mushrooms came under the embargo. Imports began to decline for all items. Foreign manufacturers began to leave the market, making room for Russian entrepreneurs. According to the Mushroom School magazine, for 9 months of 2015, Russian mushroom growers increased the production of oyster mushrooms by 17% compared to the same period last year.

Similar trends are recorded in the production of other mushrooms, in particular, champignons. As a result of the devaluation of the ruble, the selling prices for cultivated mushrooms increased. Today, to cover the deficit in the market and the transition to full import substitution, at least 158 ​​thousand tons of mushrooms will be required. The current market conditions, as well as a weak level of competition, contribute to the opening of their own production.

The production itself is located on the territory of a summer cottage, 15 km from the city of Rostov-on-Don. The area of ​​the greenhouse and the premises in which the mushroom growing process takes place is 60 sq. meters. For growing mushrooms, seed (mycelium) is purchased from a specialized company, the cost of which is 50-55 rubles. per kilogram. Further, on-site preparation of the substrate and the process of growing oyster mushrooms with the required level of humidity. Raw materials for the preparation of the substrate are prepared independently or partially purchased (the cost of 1 ton of straw is 2 thousand rubles). The term of one production cycle is about 40-50 days. The goods are sold at a non-stationary outlet in the grocery market of Rostov-on-Don.

Since at the initial stage the enterprise is focused on a small volume of production (about 1 ton of mushrooms per month), maintenance will not require regular and hired personnel. the main responsibilities, including the purchase of mycelium, planting, fertilization and mushroom picking, are carried out by the family members of the owner. The business owner is directly involved in the main production processes, and also carries out retail trade in the vegetable market. An individual entrepreneur with a simplified taxation system was chosen as the form of ownership - 6% of the income received.

Product description (mushroom oyster mushroom)

Oyster mushroom is an environmentally friendly product that does not use chemical treatment for its cultivation. Unlike other popular cultivated mushrooms - champignons, which grow on rotted manure, oyster mushrooms prefer trees. The popularity of this mushroom is attributed to the different ways it is prepared. Oyster mushrooms can be fried, boiled, salted, pickled. Oyster mushroom is also actively used as an ingredient in various dishes, added to salads. Oyster mushroom is especially in demand during the cold season, when the population's own mushroom reserves are depleted.

Oyster mushroom not only tastes great, but also has health benefits. Oyster mushroom lowers blood cholesterol levels. Oyster mushroom juice prevents the development of E. coli. These mushrooms have a low calorie content (about 38 kcal fresh). Oyster mushrooms contain a large amount of carbohydrates, contain vitamins D2, E, C, B, PP. These mushrooms also contain enzymes that burn fat and glycogen. The mushroom pulp contains calcium, iodine, potassium, iron, biotin and thiamine. Another beneficial property of oyster mushrooms is considered to lower blood sugar levels. Eating oyster mushrooms helps prevent the development of diseases such as atherosclerosis, hepatitis, stomach ulcers, and cholesticitis. Also, doctors recommend eating oyster mushrooms for people who have bronchitis or have undergone chemotherapy.

Profitable franchises

The main disadvantage of oyster mushrooms its fragility is considered, and therefore this mushroom is difficult to transport over long distances. Fresh uncooled mushrooms are considered a very delicate cargo that requires a special temperature regime and the fastest possible delivery. Oyster mushroom also has a rather weak mushroom aroma. When spores of oyster mushrooms enter the lungs, they can cause allergies.

The quality of the goods and safety for end users are planned to be ensured through the purchase of certified mycelium, disinfection of production facilities and equipment, as well as through the use of modern production technologies.

Growing oyster mushrooms is a practically waste-free production, since the used substrate is used as a biologically active additive, which is used for feeding pigs, as well as fertilizers for gardeners and gardeners. The spent substrate is planned to be sold as an additional source of income.

Sales and marketing in the supply of oyster mushrooms

The main consumer demand for this type of product is freshness, which determines quality. The location of the mushroom farm is 15 km. from the place of sale allows you to organize transportation on your own transport (van "Lada Largus") without loss of quality. The products are sold at the food and vegetable markets of Rostov-on-Don. No special packaging for mushrooms is required. For transportation, plastic boxes are used.

The prices for products are based on material costs of production and fuels and lubricants, as well as the price of competitors, which on average in the city is 150 rubles. per kg. As a competitive advantage, at first, it is planned to set the retail price of 140 rubles. per kg. Depending on the level of demand and other factors (for example, the devaluation of the ruble), an increase or decrease in selling prices is possible.

As a method of increasing sales, it is planned to use advertising on the Internet to attract wholesale companies.

Oyster mushroom production plan

Geographically, the mushroom farm is located 15 km from the city of Rostov-on-Don, due to which the delivery time of mushrooms to the place of sale is no more than half an hour. The process of growing mushrooms takes place in an ecologically clean rural area, on the territory of a summer cottage. Business technology can be divided into several main stages:

At the first stage there is a purchase of mycelium from specialized laboratory firms. The criterion for choosing a supplier is the availability of relevant documents, customer reviews, quality and affordable cost of products (50-55 rubles per kg.). The purchase of mycelium is not made once, but several times a year, since the shelf life does not exceed 3-4 months. At the initial stage, it is planned to purchase mycelium from different suppliers for a visual comparison of the results and making a further decision.

Second phase implies self-preparation of the substrate, that is, a nutrient medium for mushrooms. Due to the lack of experience in commercial mushroom growing, at the beginning of the activity, it is planned to prepare a substrate from various components to determine the best yield. Among them: wheat, rye, barley straw, oats, flax fires, stalks and corn stalks. The substrate should be aerobic, have air gaps between the particles, and the ability to quickly assimilate it by the mycelium.

It is also expected to use additives to increase yields: sawdust, shavings, tree bark, chaff and other plant waste. To clean the straw from microorganisms, a pasteurization procedure is used. The raw materials are kept in a special chamber, into which water vapor is injected for about 6-8 hours at a temperature of 60 ° C. The pasteurization temperature must be maintained within 55-60 ° C: a lower temperature does not kill diseases and microorganisms, and a higher temperature contributes to the development of Trichoderma, which will destroy the crop. After that, the temperature decreases, and the raw materials remain in the chamber for another two days.

Then the substrate is cooled and placed in plastic bags of 10-12 kg and sown with oyster mushroom mycelium at the rate of 150-200 grams per 1 bag. To remove excess moisture, holes are made in the bottom of the bag, after which the bags are placed in the germination chamber.

Stage Three is to provide conditions for growing mushrooms. Direct sunlight is not allowed indoors.For germination, mushroom blocks are placed vertically, and the distance between them is 10 cm. The temperature is about 24 ° C, the relative humidity is about 60-65%. The mycelium germinates within 10-17 days, after which the bags must be transferred to the fruiting chamber. Mushroom blocks are installed in one row in several tiers, the distance between rows along the axes is 1 m. A lower temperature level is maintained in the fruiting chamber - about 12-18 ° C, and humidity at 80-85%.

To maintain high humidity, a special irrigation system is used. If the conditions are met, the embryos of the fruiting bodies appear at 2 weeks. The harvest from each bag is collected in 3 waves, after which the mycelium is replaced with a new one. Mushrooms are harvested by druses (aggregates) at a young age. The optimal head size is up to 40 mm. The minimum yield from 1 wave of offering is 150-200 kg from 1 ton of substrate, 350-400 kg from 2 tons. The total duration of the production cycle is about 2 months.

The final stage involves the implementation of the resulting crop. Mushrooms are perishable foods that can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than 5 days. The main channels for the sale of mushrooms are considered to be markets, grocery stores, restaurants and catering points, enterprises for feeding farm animals. Due to the relatively small starting volumes of production, it is planned to sell one of the vegetable markets in Rostov-on-Don at a non-stationary outlet as an initial sales option. The rental price per day with VAT is 250 rubles.

Profitable franchises

The project will require an area of ​​60 sq. meters. To eliminate rental costs, it is planned to organize the cultivation of oyster mushrooms on the territory of their own suburban area. It is planned to equip 2 separate rooms - an incubator, where mycelium will grow, and a germination chamber with a hood. The planned production volume for a production cycle is 2000 kg, for a year (6 production cycles) - about 12000 kg.

The costs of building a greenhouse will amount to 100 thousand rubles. Another 114,500 rubles. required for equipment. Equipment costs are shown in Table. 1. Construction work is planned to be completed within 2 months.

Table 1. Equipment costs

For the operation of the enterprise, members of the owner's family are involved, who, along with the owner, carry out basic functions, including planting, fertilizing and picking mushrooms. The family business format is designed to reduce staff salary costs. The necessary experience is supposed to be acquired in the course of activities, as well as by reading special literature.

Current costs are the payment of electricity, the purchase of mycelium (50-55 rubles per kg.), The cost of fuels and lubricants. Mycelium purchasing costs may increase or decrease due to seasonal fluctuations in demand. Also, the expenses of the main period include the rent for a trading place in the market - 250 rubles. per day (on average 7600 rubles per month).

Financial plan for growing mushrooms (oyster mushroom)

The main management responsibilities are assigned to the project owner, who carries out business planning, as well as functions to ensure conditions for the germination of mushrooms, their delivery to the place of sale, and also directly manages sales at the outlet. Responsibilities for growing, caring for, picking mushrooms are also assigned to the family members of the owner.

For the preparatory period, 202,500 rubles will be required. This amount includes the construction and arrangement of a greenhouse (100 thousand rubles), the purchase of equipment (92.5 thousand rubles). The costs of the main period include the purchase of mycelium, payment for housing and communal services, rent of a retail outlet, fuel and lubricants. The financial indicators of the project are presented in Appendix 1.

Evaluation of efficiency in growing mushrooms

An oyster mushroom growing project is distinguished by a low level of risk due to its simplicity of organization, small start-up investments and low operating costs. The payback period of the project from the start of production will be 9 months. The discounted payback period is 9 months. Project performance indicators calculated for a five-year period are shown in Table. 2

The main prospects are: an increase in the selling price for the project's recoupment by 10% (up to 150 rubles per kg), an increase in production volumes, an expansion of the offered assortment, a search for new sales markets and access to wholesale buyers.

Table 2. Project performance indicators

Risks and guarantees

Growing oyster mushrooms is a well established business. The technology for growing oyster mushrooms is quite simple, moreover, there are many ways to increase yields without harm to the end consumer. The prevailing market conditions somewhat contribute to the reduction of risks. Today in Russia there is a shortage of mushrooms due to the imposition of the embargo. Imported products left the market, as a result, the cost of domestic mushrooms increased without any negative consequences for demand. Consequently, when the price decreases, demand acquires a significant level of elasticity.

The main risks are indicated in Table. 3.

Table 3. Assessment of project risks and measures to prevent their occurrence or their consequences

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17.02.2016 12:40:23

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In search of ideas for their own business, many come to growing oyster mushrooms at home. In this post, we'll take a closer look at the costs, ROI, and feedback of these activities. Is it worth the effort, or do you need serious investment and a large enterprise?

Advantages and disadvantages

This business is in many aspects an ideal option for beginners to get acquainted with entrepreneurship. It requires a minimum start-up capital and allows you to start working with small volumes, increasing them over time. Moreover, it is possible to grow mushrooms at the very beginning and exclusively for personal use, and as soon as the technology is debugged, enter the market.

The following advantages should also be noted:

1. Mushrooms can be grown both in rural and urban areas.
2. High demand for the harvest.
3. The broadest opportunities for business development and expansion.
4. No need for hired workers, at least in the first stages.
5. No need for a wide range of business contacts.
6. Relatively stable income.

Among the downsides is the problem with the sale of really large quantities of mushrooms (though the problem will not start soon, it all depends on the growth rate).You will also need at least minimal knowledge of the subject (you can accumulate it in the process).

One should also note such an important factor as seasonality. In summer and autumn, sales often decline, and starting from the middle of winter, when the population's own stocks run out, the demand grows.

Reasons for choosing oyster mushrooms

Leaving aside the nutritional value, taste and usefulness, it is worth noting that compared to the more popular chanterelles, honey mushrooms, mushrooms and others, oyster mushrooms are easy enough to grow, and the growth rate is high. If under natural conditions the harvest of mushrooms can be obtained in 2-2.5 months, then in artificial conditions this period is halved.

Crops bear fruit in several waves, the weight of one bunch can reach 200 grams, and the record holders grow up to several kilograms, or even more.

A separate plus is to note that the mushroom can grow on almost any substrate: on stumps, straw, sawdust, even sunflower husks. In some countries, oyster mushrooms are even grown on waste paper. Modern technologies make it possible to further expand this list.

Selecting a sales market

Among the most obvious options are:

• Self-sale in the markets. In this case, you will have to attend to the search for a free trading place, make and correctly place advertising, attract the attention of potential buyers. In this case, sales are proceeding at a retail pace. As an advantage - the ability to set your own prices with an eye on competitors, if any.
• Sales through grocery stores and supermarkets. In every large enough city there is a trading network or a separate point that will be interested in the wholesale purchase of mushrooms. Unfortunately, most often they offer very low prices. Over time, it will be possible to switch to more favorable terms of cooperation, and the recruited base of regular customers will remain with you, even if you break off cooperation with the outlet.
• Sale to restaurants. Mushrooms are traditionally in great demand in restaurants. The reason is simple - such establishments prepare only the freshest ingredients. Cooperation will make it possible to quickly and profitably sell large quantities of mushrooms. The rest can be sold using the first or second method.

Needless to say, whatever option it ultimately decides to resort to, the grown mushrooms must be of the highest quality.

Company registration

Before starting work, you should register a business. To do this, you need to select the OKVED code 01.12.31.

This type of business implies three options for the legal form: individual entrepreneur, LLC or peasant farm, that is, a peasant farm. All three have their pros and cons. A form such as a personal subsidiary farm in this case will not work.

SP

Gives the opportunity to grow mushrooms and sell crops.

To register, you will need to pay a state fee in the amount of 800 rubles, apply for the transition to the USN or ESNH, and also prepare an application in form No. P21001, which will need to be certified by a notary.

You should worry about a photocopy of all significant pages of your passport in advance.

OOO

It gives the right to attract investments through loans for agriculture and through state programs.

To register, you must pay a state fee in the amount of 4000 rubles, submit an application No. P11001, prepare the charter of an LLC and a decision on its opening, certify copies of the passports of all founders with a notary, write an application for the transition to the selected form of taxation.

The authorized capital of the enterprise must be at least 10,000 rubles.

Documentation

Documenting your own farm has an important role in this matter. The mushroom business in Russia does not provide for a special certificate.

However, in order to become a successful seller of your products, you need the result of laboratory research.You can get it in the food laboratory. Its employees are often asked to additionally prepare a security protocol. For him, you will already need to do an analysis for the presence of radioactive substances and heavy metals.

Documenting the cultivation of oyster mushrooms on an industrial scale (albeit in your own basement) is an overhead and slow business. Moreover, the resulting protocol will need to be updated every 3 months.

Room selection

The choice of premises for creating a mushroom plantation should be carried out as responsibly as possible. It is preferable to choose places that are sufficiently humid, but not too hot. If we are talking about the very beginning of a business, then the basement or cellar of a house may be suitable. As the business develops, old cowsheds, vegetable stores and similar buildings can be purchased and refurbished. In extreme cases, you can buy a special greenhouse.

Room requirements:

1. Residual moisture.
2. High-quality ventilation, but without drafts (if no other option is suitable, you can make several holes in the lower part of the wall and stretch the hood).
3. The ability to adjust the temperature (especially important in winter).
4. Mandatory disinfection before planting.

A few words about the size of the room. The truck holds about 20 tons of compost for cultivation. In order to fully distribute it and put it into operation entirely, an area of ​​over 200 square meters will be required. The internal space is divided into sections, in which multi-level (depending on the height of the ceiling) racks are installed.

Each farm must have at least two aisles. According to the first, the harvested crop will be exported, it can be made narrower, the second should be much wider - the soil will be loaded along it.

Additional premises include a boiler room, a couple of refrigerators for storing harvested mushrooms, an area for packaging and various technical premises: change houses, a toilet and others. As a result, the total area of ​​the farm grows to nearly 1-1.5 thousand square meters. Of course, at first, you can get by with more modest premises.

If you plan to grow oyster mushrooms all year round and completely on your own, you will have to provide for several additional premises:

• A room for inoculation, where mushroom blocks will form from the finished substrate in bags, into which the mycelium is sown afterwards.
• Incubation room for mycelium germination.
• Cultivation room for forcing the fruit body (the largest room, blocks are strung on rods, laid out on multi-tiered shelves or suspended).

Equipment

The first thing that is required is a high-quality ventilation and air conditioning system, which will be used to maintain optimal temperature and humidity conditions.

Hot water boilers are used for additional heating in winter. Ideally, it is recommended to purchase several complete climatic systems that will help regulate the atmospheric parameters for mushrooms at different stages of ripening.

Refrigerating chambers are used for storing finished products. It is very important that they only keep the mushrooms for a period of three days. In addition, they must be no more than half full for proper air circulation.

A large number of shelving units will be required for the premises. Also, depending on the specific variety, bags or boxes will be required for production.

Staff

The vast majority of responsibilities are assigned to the owner. It is he who, at least at the start, deals with delivery and sales issues. Very often at the beginning of work, when several relatives are engaged in the case, one is responsible for the supply, while the rest are engaged in the direct issues of cultivation, fertilization, planting, etc.

As the farm grows and mushroom production expands, this will become more difficult to manage. At a certain stage, inviting new employees to your small business will become an urgent need. However, there are no special requirements for employees in this matter - they only need to be conscientious, have no bad habits and have a medical record.

Considering that not a single educational institution in the country has a mushroom science department, it will be simply impossible to find a qualified specialist. Of course, there is always a chance that an experienced person will come across. In this case, it is highly recommended to set his salary depending on the output.

It is difficult to say what the total number of employees will be required for breeding. One assistant will be enough for growing oyster mushrooms at home. If we are talking about a yield per centner every day, then you will need to involve at least a couple of employees.

At the same time, they will only be engaged in the mushrooms themselves, while additional forces will be required for the sale of products, preparation of raw materials for production and for the position of an accountant. Of course, one person, if desired, can combine several roles.

Approximate calculation

An approximate analysis of the costs and incomes of a large enterprise can be seen in the table.

	Start-up costs	Sum
1	Renting or buying a piece of land or building	1,000,000 rubles
2	Purchase of equipment	500,000 rubles
3	Company registration, advertising costs	100,000 rubles
	Monthly expenses
1	Employee salaries	150,000 rubles
2		5,000 rubles
3	Service costs	15,000 rubles
	Income
1	Profit from processing at a wholesale price of 1 kg of mushrooms at 14 rubles	1,400,000 rubles

Two important points should be noted here at once:

1. These calculations imply work with a large farm, which contains about 100 tons of compost for growing, in case of scale down, the costs will be lower.
2. The data are given on the basis of one processing cycle, but there can be up to four of them per year.

Summarizing all of the above, it can be noted that the net profit for one two-month growing cycle will be up to 780 thousand rubles. As a result, according to experts, the full payback period of the oyster mushroom farm will be about two years.

Those interested can download another business plan for growing oyster mushrooms.

Competition and risks

The issue of competition should be noted separately. At present, its level on the market can be assessed as rather low, which, coupled with low requirements for starting a business, makes it especially beneficial for beginners. Imported products have recently left the domestic market, but the price level has remained, and the demand for mushrooms is constantly high.

Competition should be feared for the most part from the larger commercial breeders. However, there are not so many of them on the market today, so there is no need to fear serious opposition to expansion. The risks in this area are also not too great, given the low investment requirements.

conclusions

The main advantage is high profitability. The advantage is that there is no need for significant investments at the initial stage. At the same time, the income is quite good - it reaches 650 rubles from each processed square meter in 1.5 months.

Another indisputable advantage is ease of learning. Oyster mushrooms require much less maintenance than other mushrooms, including champignons.

Experienced businessmen, however, do not deny the existence of a number of difficulties, but they all relate to the initial stages of establishing a process and sales. After settling these points, everything becomes much easier and all that remains is to collect and sell the crop.

Video: technology for growing oyster mushrooms.

Reviews

“Growing oyster mushrooms is a profitable business, as these mushrooms are always in demand.From personal experience, I would like to note that the extensive cultivation method brings greater results and, accordingly, profit. My farm reached its maximum productivity after 2 years of work ”- Nikolay.

“I doubted for a long time whether it was worth starting, but after thinking, I decided to take a chance. At first they worked with the whole family, the four of them coped quite well for the first few years. At first there were many failures, it is very important to follow the cultivation technology, otherwise everything will be in vain. Over time, I learned. I would advise you to grow it on poplar stumps and immediately from the purchased mycelium ”- Marina.

“You need to start a business with a detailed acquaintance with the technology of the process, otherwise time is wasted. At first, while honing his skills, mushrooms went into their own food, and gifts to friends and acquaintances. A couple of years later, he formalized an LLC, began supplying to markets and restaurants. They are in great demand, so it is definitely worth doing this business ”- Stepan.

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