How to grow blueberries on an industrial scale?

Today in the interview section we will talk about blueberry cultivation ...

Petr STRIFEL from the village of Raubichi (Minsk region) calls himself a novice gardener. In the past, a master of sports in wrestling, with the dedication and perseverance characteristic of record holders, about ten years ago he began to master a completely new field for himself.

Interested in: why gardening?

- The ancestors were strong owners, but after the revolution the land was taken away. And when I came to these places, I saw untreated fields, I had a pinch in my chest, I realized - mine! I think some gene "woke up", - the interlocutor smiles.

See also: Blueberries - growing and care: personal experience

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Peasant farm "Strefel" (by the name of the head) is 26 hectares, on which there is an excellent apple orchard, there is a small plot with cherries and raspberries. But his favorite culture Petr Strefel calls tall blueberries, which he planted in 2009.

- When I started, cultivated blueberries were rarely found on farms, and even more so in amateur gardens. But I so wanted to master the process of growing this rare plant at that time that I took a chance. And I never regretted it. Moreover, I advise many of my friends: discover blueberries! Its fruits, due to the enormous benefits for the human body, are not in vain called the berry of the 21st century! This culture is a long-liver, if desired, it can bring income to the owners, since the harvest is in great demand. And plant care is not difficult ...

- ... provided that you follow the rules of agricultural technology ...

- They ripped me off my tongue, - laughs Pyotr Stepanovich. - Quite right: there are several important points to be observed for successful blueberry cultivation.

First, it can only grow on acidic soils: the optimal pH is 3.5-4.5. Before laying the plantation, I first prepared the site: I plowed everything, leveled it. And then he brought back sour peat. On 3 hectares, 1 thousand tons of peat was required, although then it was poured more.

Secondly, blueberries are very light-requiring.Even with a slight shading, the yield decreases, the number of flower buds that are laid in the current year decreases. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in the yield in the next season.

Thirdly, it is necessary to monitor the moisture content of the soil, in no case should the soil be allowed to dry out. In hot weather, it is advisable to water blueberries at least twice a week - in the morning or in the evening.

I have equipped drip irrigation throughout the site. In amateur gardens, 5-6 liters of water can be poured under young bushes, under adults - Yul. By the way, "water procedures" for blueberries are especially relevant in July-August, when the harvest ripens and flower buds are laid. However, don't overdo it: the culture can't stand stagnant water!

Blueberry planting scheme

- If I decide on a blueberry bed, when would you advise to plant plants?

- You can plant seedlings with a closed root system throughout the growing season. Seedlings with an open root system can be planted in the fall (one month before the onset of stable frosts) or in the spring (before bud break). It is advisable to prepare the pit in a couple of weeks: 50-60 cm wide, 40 cm deep, with sheer walls. Fill it, as already mentioned, with an acidic substrate - high (red) peat, you can still have fallen pine needles or bark, add 40-60 g of sulfur, a little sand, mix and compact everything. After planting, it is advisable to mulch the plants with sawdust. I have a distance between plants in a row - 1 m. But today I would increase it to 1.5 m, because over time the bushes grow both in breadth and in height. And between the rows - 3.5 m.

- By the way, about the aisles: you have them sown with clover ...

- It "clogs" weeds well, does not allow them to grow. Besides, I have bees. And the plantation looks beautiful when the clover blooms.

Reference by topic: How to properly plant blueberries

Measure is in everything!

- Pyotr Stepanovich, it seems to me or your 6-7-year-old bushes are lagging behind in growth?

- Unfortunately, this is the result of a lack of experience at the initial stage. In the early years, more than a thousand bushes withered, attacks were also later. The plants were sick and did not grow well. Now I took control of this issue.

In the spring, as the soil thaws, I treat the bushes with a copper-containing preparation - Azofosom. Then, before flowering, - Quickly (according to the instructions). Since the beginning of June, I have been feeding: foliar (I spray it with Crystalon once every two weeks) and root (I sprinkle calcium nitrate, potassium monophosphate in the near-stem circle in rainy weather). And so on until mid-July. In the fall, after harvesting, I repeat the treatment with Skor. For the winter, the bushes can be mulched with peat.

Blueberry cultivation experience for sale 2

Blueberries in perfect order

For the first time, Alexander SIMAGIN tasted blueberries about 15 years ago while visiting a Polish farmer. To say that Alexander liked the treat is to say nothing. But the young man was more impressed by the organization of work on the Pole's berry plantation - there is perfect order and cleanliness around. It was then that the thought flashed through: what if something similar was organized in your homeland? ..

Gradually, the ghostly idea of ​​his "berry business" grew into a clear vision of the task. The confidence that everything will work out was given by the support of Raisa's wife. And here the house in the village of Koski, Minsk region, was inherited from grandparents. The farm "Heather Country" was founded there. Its area is 19 hectares, of which 5 hectares have been allocated for blueberries. Now, in addition to seasonal berries and blueberry planting material, young farmers also grow cranberry and lingonberry seedlings.

Raisa Simagina admits that it was not easy at first.

- It was difficult both physically and financially, and most importantly - the almost complete lack of information at that time on the care of blueberries. Therefore, we moved forward by trial and error. I remember that in one year they bought peat and planted 30,000 cuttings, which in a month ... every last one died. It turned out that it was a matter of low-quality peat.What to do? You sit down, cry, and in the morning you get up and start everything in a new way ... - Raisa jokes.

Alexander, today it is no longer a problem to find information on blueberry care on the Internet. True, each gardener has his own methods, sometimes contradictory ...

- Let's start with the landing. I am a supporter of the fact that blueberries grow in one peat, but it must necessarily be sour (pH - no higher than 4.5). If you want to save money, you can mix it with sand (4: 1) or sawdust (3: 2). Only take stale, rotted sawdust.

Many people confuse high-moor (sphagnum, red) peat with low-lying (black) peat, similar to black soil, in which blueberries, alas, do not grow. This culture does not like oily, fertile soil at all. And no organic matter and manure! Does not tolerate culture and ash! Closed-root blueberries can be planted throughout the growing season. Choose only a sunny area. Pit diameter

- 50-60 cm, depth - 40-50 cm.

But many farmers advise to dig holes 1 × 1 m in size ...

- I don't see the point in such a size, since the root system of blueberries is superficial, and even in a 10-year-old bush it does not always reach 50 cm in diameter. So why dig huge holes in the first place and think where to get so much peat at once? I suggest the following: when the blueberry reaches 6-7 years of age, the crown of the bush will indicate what is the approximate diameter of the roots at this stage. And if you understand what they have achieved

loam, along the perimeter of the near-trunk zone, dig a trench on the bayonet of a shovel, and fill it with fresh high-moor peat. So you will gradually expand the planting hole and rationally use peat.

Another controversial issue: is it worth spreading the roots of the seedling when planting?

- In this case, as a rule, it is impossible to avoid rupture of the roots, their damage, which, in turn, leads to plant diseases. And if the bush does not die after such an execution, then at least a year will not develop. In general, the recommendations to spread the roots refer to 3-4-year-old seedlings, the root system of which has already braided the walls of the container. But in this case, when you get

the plant from the container, the maximum that needs to be done is to lightly "scratch" the root ball around the circumference, then put it in water for 15-20 minutes and plant it in the planting hole at the same depth as the seedling grew in the container.

Better to purchase 2-year-old seedlings. They do not need to touch the roots - after soaking, they are immediately transferred into the hole. Then water the plants well. If there are branches that fall on the ground or come off at right angles from the base, cut them back. All shoots must point straight up.

The first two years after planting is an important stage in the development of the bushes. Do not chase after the first harvest at this time, but remove all flowers, let the plants grow stronger and develop. And taking into account the correct planting and competent care, from a 5-year-old bush you can pick up to 1.5 kg of berries.

An important point in blueberry care is mulching. What material would you recommend to use?

I cover my plantings with chips with a layer of 8-10 cm.It is also possible with bark, but only steamed. Mulching will reduce daily fluctuations in soil temperature, prevent moisture from evaporating, and improve the formation of numerous fibrous roots.

Many advise using butcher's mulch as mulch. But in the heat, after a couple of days, it will turn into dust, i.e. will cease to perform its protective functions. If you use sawdust, keep in mind that they will have to be added every year.

Blueberries do not tolerate chlorine, so you cannot fertilize plants with this element.

What should a blueberry gardener pay special attention to now, in the middle of summer? - In July-August, fruiting begins, and at the same time flower buds are laid on the bushes - next year's harvest. During this period, watering is very important. With a lack of moisture, you will significantly lose your harvest, not only in the current season, but also in the next one. Make sure that the topsoil does not dry out, but at the same time, do not overmoisten it.In dry conditions, water the plants abundantly at least three times a week (5-10 liters per bush).

By the way, about the harvest: how did your blueberries survive this unusual spring?

The cataclysms at the beginning of the season did not affect the plants in any way. The fact is that blueberry flowers can withstand frosts down to -5 degrees. It is much worse if the ovary already gets under the frost. Last year, on June 10, the night temperature dropped to -1 degrees. This was enough to deprive us of some of the harvest.

At what age do you need to feed blueberries?

Immediately after landing. We are not supporters of overfeeding plants, but we cannot do without mineral fertilizers. The first feeding is at the end of April, the second at the end of May. We use special complex mineral fertilizers for blueberries. Previously, I still fed in the summer, but not all the bushes had time to ripen and in winter they froze too much. Now I don't risk it anymore. After harvesting, we apply fertilizers without nitrogen - no later than September 15th. It is possible later, if you are sure that the autumn will be warm. ~) What would you advise to acidify the soil? -

If the planting pits are filled with good high-moor peat, then it will be enough for a year or two. In the future, acidity can be lowered with preparations derived from sulfur - sulfuric acid (10-1 5 ml per 10 l of water) or unused electrolyte (30 ml per 10 l of water - this solution is enough for 1 sq. M).

In winter, hares love blueberries, so you can cover the bushes with a cloth, but not with a film.

To combat pests and diseases in early spring and autumn, at the same time as the orchard is treated, the plants should be sprayed with approved insecticides and fungicides.

I collect blueberries in buckets

For over 30 years, agronomist Valentina BARYSHEVA from the Vitebsk region has been growing blueberries. And he collects excellent harvests - almost a bucket of berries from a bush. Today she shares the basics of growing a valuable crop.

EXPRESS ADVICE

NIKOLAY RUBAN, BREST REGION:

I always mulch blueberry bushes. Since they are planted on peat soil, I use a mineral substrate - sand, gravel. The thickness of the mulching layer is 10 cm, the radius is 50-60 cm.

A place

I fill a hole 60 cm deep and 80 × 80 cm in size with special soil: for 3 buckets of brownish peat with an acid reaction, I take 1 bucket of forest soil and sawdust of coniferous species (better - lying down and with remnants of bark). Before planting, I water the hole with the soil abundantly with water.

Planting time I planted blueberries even in summer, regularly watering them. But the optimal dates are spring (April-May) and autumn (October-November). Before planting, the plants are immersed in water for 5-15 minutes. Then, for seedlings older than 2 years old, grown in pots or bags, I knead the peat ball with my hands and spread the roots slightly to the sides. After planting, I mulch with the bark of coniferous trees (it retains moisture well) and water it abundantly.

Top dressing

Do not add organic matter under the blueberries. Best of all - a complex water-soluble mineral fertilizer with microelements (for a 2-year-old seedling I put in 30 g). Since April I feed once a month, finish in June and early July.

Blueberry pruning

I grow blueberries in one place for 15-17 years, after which I rejuvenate them or plant new plants. I don’t cut off the bushes and don’t cover them - they perfectly tolerate frosts down to -35 degrees, (if the seedlings, with proper care, overwinter lignified). In the spring (March) I remove blackened and damaged branches.

How to acidify the soil

Some hobby gardeners spill blueberries with a vinegar solution to acidify the soil. Valentina Barysheva doesn't do that. He says it's dangerous, especially if you overdo it with concentration - everything can end in burns and plant death. It is better to apply special fertilizers marked "for blueberries" in a timely manner.

Recorded by Nina PISARENKO. Photo from the archive of Valentina BARYSHEVA

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Blueberry is a plant that produces fragrant, juicy, pleasant-tasting fruits that have a number of beneficial properties. Blueberries accelerate metabolic processes in the body, strengthen the walls of blood vessels, and have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. This product is highly regarded in the market and is in exceptional demand.

Until recently, the plant could only be found in the wild, mainly in the north of Russia. Now, throughout the country, there are nurseries that are ready to sell blueberry seedlings to anyone who wishes for a relatively small fee. Growing blueberries as a small home business can be organized even on the territory of your own personal plot.

Content:

• Growing berries for sale
• Agrotechnics
• The costs of starting a small home business
• Possible income

Features of the blueberry growing business

Garden blueberry is a low (up to 1 m) branched shrub with a stem that grows stiff over time. The plant is unpretentious, frost-resistant, resistant to pests and disease. A blueberry bush can grow in one place and produce a good harvest for as much as forty years.

If you are considering cultivating blueberries as a business, the first thing you need to pay attention to is that the plant is very demanding on the acidity of the soil. The optimum level is pH 4-5. The soil for planting seedlings should be loose, breathable, nutritious and light.

Important! To achieve the required level of acidity, you can use coniferous litter, pine bark, high peat, sulfur. The site for planting bushes must be prepared in advance. So, sulfur should be applied a year before the garden is laid.

An important condition for the growth and active fruiting of blueberries is soil moisture. The layer of soil in which the root system is located (at a depth of up to 20 cm) must be constantly moist. In addition, blueberries are a light-loving plant, so it is advisable to choose places under the open sun for the garden.

The best blueberry varieties for business are:

• Blurey - bountiful harvest, large berries, have a good presentation;
• Woodart - is distinguished by an early entry into the fruiting period;
• Erliblu - very large berries, early fruiting;
• Rankocas is a high-yielding variety;
• Berkeley - berries are large, keep well and tolerate long-term transportation, etc.

For planting, it is necessary to purchase seedlings at the age of one to two years with a closed root system (in a container, pot or tight bag). It is best to plant blueberries in rows, maintaining a row spacing of about 2.5-3 m. Bushes in a row should be placed at a distance of 1.5 m from each other. The first full crop can be harvested three years after planting the seedlings. Subject to all growing conditions, you can count on 4-8 kg of berries per season from one bush.

Growing raspberries as a business: when and how much profit an entrepreneur can expect when planning to produce raspberries for sale.

How profitable is currant as a business?

One of the most popular berries in Russia is strawberry. It is useful to learn how to set up a strawberry growing business all year round, to read about the peculiarities of berry production in the open field and in a greenhouse.

The team of the World of Business website recommends that all readers take the Lazy Investor Course, where you will learn how to put things in order in your personal finances and learn how to get passive income. No enticements, only high-quality information from a practicing investor (from real estate to cryptocurrency). The first week of training is free!

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Garden care rules

In order for the seedlings to actively grow, develop and bring a good harvest, they need to be properly looked after. The soil in the rows should be loosened regularly to a shallow depth (8-10 cm).

Blueberries require regular watering. If the entrepreneur's region has dry soils and hot summers, then you will have to water the garden yourself. During the flowering period of the bushes, watering should be carried out at the root, the rest of the time it is better to use the sprinkling method. It is recommended to pour peat, humus or sawdust into the ground from time to time to maintain the required moisture level.

The plants need to be fed twice a season: the first time before flowering, the second - during the setting of berries. From organic fertilizers, manure can be used, from inorganic fertilizers, experienced gardeners recommend potassium humate, sodium humate, Kemira-Lux, Berry, Ideal and Nursery to use.

For the first three years after planting, blueberries do not need to be pruned. In the future, it is recommended to form bushes annually, removing weak shoots, old branches, rejuvenating the crown. Pruning should be done in early spring. Pruning regularly will ensure a healthy crop.

If you are planning to do a blueberry business on earth, you should be aware that this plant is sometimes attacked by stalk aphids, flower beetles and bud mites. In the fight against these pests, the use of appropriate insecticides is effective.

From diseases to the plant, moniliosis, burns of shoots and gray rot are terrible. If a disease is detected, the affected parts of the bush must be cut off and destroyed, and healthy branches must be treated with eurapen (can be used only before flowering).

Planting and gardening costs

An entrepreneur planning to deal with blueberries will incur the main costs in the first year. It will be necessary to prepare the soil, purchase seedlings, provide them with maximum care so that they take root in a new place. Subsequently, the costs will be reduced to watering, fertilizing and processing plants. This is taking into account the fact that the garden will be laid out on its own land plot.

Important! If the level of acidity of the soil that the entrepreneur will use for planting seedlings is not suitable for growing blueberries, then he will have to spend a significant amount on artificial soil acidification. The situation can be simplified by being in close proximity to your site of peat deposits.

Blueberry seedlings in nurseries sell on average at a price of 500 to 1000 rubles apiece, depending on the variety, which, in turn, determines the ripening period, yield, and weight of fruits.

So, in order to organize a garden on ten acres of own land, you will need to purchase about 200 seedlings. The expenses for the purchase of planting material will be from 100 to 200 thousand rubles. Another 20 thousand rubles will be spent on soil preparation, the purchase of fertilizers, insecticides and equipment. The maintenance of the garden will cost about 10 thousand rubles annually. As you can see, such a business cannot be called high-cost.

Blueberries are a good honey plant, so the cultivation of this plant can be successfully combined with the production of honey. It is helpful to consider breeding bees as a business and learn about the pros and cons of such an activity.

Growing apples as a business: apple orchards can yield a good harvest as early as the third year after planting.

How much can you earn

Blueberries can be very profitable as a business. However, the return on investment will have to wait for several years.The fact is that active fruiting in this plant begins only in the third or fourth year after planting, and a crop of more than 3 kg per bush can be expected no earlier than five years later.

The market value of blueberry fruit is on average 200 rubles per 1 kg. From 200 bushes, you can pick from 1000 kg of berries per season. The proceeds from the sale of fresh berries can reach 200 thousand rubles. For everyone who is looking for a way to make money in the village, this type of activity is perfect.

I must say that blueberries are also used to make juices, preserves and jams. Selling homemade jams and other processed products can be an additional source of income. In addition, an entrepreneur can earn money by selling his own planting material to summer residents and novice gardeners.

Conclusion

Growing blueberries is not only a fun process, but also a great way to make money using your own plot of land and a relatively small amount. Blueberries get along well with other representatives of heathers: lingonberries, cranberries, blueberries, which also grow on acidic soils. With proper agricultural technology, plants will produce a good harvest for 30-40 years.

We went to the village of Priborevo, Brest region, on a warm October day. Indian summer inspired nature to manifest all the colors and shades of autumn colors. Driving through our southern villages and settlements, we saw the same picture as in the central regions of the country - harvested fields and household plots, green sprouts of winter crops, hills of vegetables in the yards ... The blueberry field seemed to us a kind of exotic among the familiar landscape.

Showing the house of Mikhail Lukich Stepanyuk, a local resident perked up: "You will immediately notice this estate, there is a large plantation ..."

The tall blueberry plantation adjoined the yard, which could not help but please with its lawn and small pond. At night it is illuminated by low lanterns "saturated" with solar energy. Conifers of different breeds give the estate a special coziness. Rows of blueberry bushes are located on a level, well-lit place. The leaves on them at this point only slightly reddened. On some varieties Darrow and Nelson, even the berries "sat too long", and we were able to taste them.

The entire Stepanyuk family was assembled. The owners Mikhail Lukich and Nadezhda Romanovna worked in the yard and on the plantations, as well as their children - daughter Tamara and son Alexander.

Showing the blueberry oasis, Mikhail Lukich recalled 1997, when a Muscovite friend gave them a blueberry seedling. The family took him for a flower, which amused the guest. He had to explain that it was a tall American blueberry. Mikhail Lukich worked as an agronomist on a local collective farm for 25 years, but this was the first time he heard about this culture. I consulted with the candidate of biological sciences Nikolai Nikolaevich Ruban, who invited the family to the Gantsevichi experimental base of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, where 20 varieties of blueberries were tested since 1982.

Having weighed all the pros and cons, the family council decided to try to grow an unusual culture. First of all, we bought 1 hectare of land and planted several rows of Blyukrop berries. Gradually, the plantings were expanded with seedlings brought from Poland. Over time, they learned how to propagate blueberries, and in 2000 the plantation was completely planted with blueberries.

“Three conditions are needed for growing blueberries,” says Mikhail Lukich, “light, non-clayey, acidic soil, the presence of moisture, a well-lit place. There used to be a collective farm field here, alfalfa grew. She does not like acidic soil, the collective farm has limed the soil twice. We had to put in a lot of work to acidify the soil again. Buttons were taken to the site by cars. And the finances were tight, they borrowed money, and only in 2004 they were able to pay off their debts.

We also grow cranberries and garden lingonberries.

On the right side of the plantation there are blueberry bushes of low-growing varieties Northblue, Northcantry, 60-70 cm high, as well as an early variety Collins. His daughter Tamara is very fond of him for the sweet, unique taste of the berry. The late Darrow variety grows here up to one and a half meters high. But, perhaps, everyone is overtaken by Bluecrop, reaching a height of two meters.

Every year the blueberry field is renewed, new varieties appear. The family is wondering whether to take more land, because 70 acres is not much. To establish industrial production of seedlings and berries, you need at least 5 hectares of land. Now Stepanyuki grow 20 varieties of blueberries of early, middle and late ripening - each with its own aroma and unique taste.

Scientists from the Central Botanical Garden of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus became interested in the blueberry plantation of Mikhail Lukich Stepanyuk. They laid down experiments here, trace the influence of mineral fertilizers on the yield. Several times a year, scientists do soil analyzes, study the biochemical composition of plants. Mikhail Lukich is not indifferent to this matter, he helps to determine the size of the berries, their weight. In 2004, up to 5 kg of berries were harvested from each fruiting 5-year-old bush of the late Nelson variety. True, the children of Mikhail Lukich found information on the Internet that the New Zealand variety Reka gives up to 10 kg of berries from a bush. There is such a variety on the Priborevskaya plantation, but I haven’t been surprised by the record harvests yet, maybe because the bushes are still young, have not come into force.

Planting blueberries, observing all the rules of agricultural technology, is, as they say, only half the battle. Success guarantees proper care, timely protection from diseases and pests.

When the site was completely planted, the roots of the berries were "chosen" by the larvae of the May beetle. I had to use pesticides, replant some bushes and manually select larvae from the ground. Now, every spring, the family checks the soil under the plants in order to identify the pest in a timely manner.

In recent years, it has been discovered that blueberries are unfortunately susceptible to disease.

- We have even more worries, - does not complain, but emphasizes how difficult it is to take care of the berries, the owner of the plantation. - There were cases when the shoots on the plants wilted. The cause was a fungal virus. I had to cut off the branches, and then burn them so that the spores of the fungus would not spread. In 2003, scientists from the Central Botanical Garden discovered leaves affected by gray rot on some varieties. If you do not take action, the stem will dry out, become covered with mold, and as a result, the entire crop will die. We decided to treat the diseased plant with euparen before and during flowering (25 g per 1 l of water). The consolation is that this drug is not harmful to the bees.

Examining the plantation, I noticed that only one, the right, part of it was mulched with sawdust and joked: "Is this a" privilege "for certain varieties?" Mikhail Lukich took my joke seriously and explained:

- Mulching is hard work. The site is located in a high place. It is imperative to keep moisture. We don't have sawdust nearby - this is a shortage, so we have to mulch in turn - first one part, and then another.- How do you feed blueberries?

- Organic matter is not used for this crop, because its "relatives" grew in the forest. Blueberries respond well to mineral fertilizers. In the spring we feed with ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and superphosphate. Ammonium sulfate is applied under the bush in dry form - 100-190 g each, superphosphate - 100 g, potassium sulfate - 40-45 g for adult plants. And for biennial bushes, these doses are halved.

In the yard, I saw seedlings of different varieties in containers. Mikhail Lukich propagates blueberries in the spring with lignified cuttings, and in the first half of July with green ones.

Until recently, the plantation had a drip irrigation system. The water from the collective farm well was rusted, the filters did not help, the capillaries were clogged. Since the plantation is located in a high place, the plants still lack moisture.You have to water it by hand. The rate of watering for a bush is 1 bucket once a week. In 2006, the gardener is going to start watering from his well.

Talking about the peculiarities of caring for blueberries, Mikhail Lukich said, not without satisfaction, that since 2005, blueberries have been zoned in our country, its varieties early Erliblu, mid-early Northland, medium ripening Bluecrop and late Elizabeth have been entered into the state register.

For the central part of Belarus, an experienced blueberry from the village of Priborevo recommends varieties of early, medium and medium-late ripening, and in the northern regions, low-growing early varieties, such as Northblue, can be grown. The berry of this variety is large, the plant is not afraid of frost. And in the southern zone, you can plant any varieties. Even the late Eliot variety ripens here. Mikhail Lukich does not have this variety yet, but he wants to include it in his collection. However, there is one danger - spring frosts that damage flowers.

For blueberries as a berry crop, pruning is important. The first 3-4 years after landing, Mikhail Lukich does not recommend doing it. Later, it is necessary to remove weak shoots, which have few flower buds. Branches frozen after winter are also removed.

An important issue is the implementation of the harvest. Of course, the valuable berry is in demand, especially among the townspeople. But it is not cheap. To my question: do fellow villagers buy blueberries, Mikhail Lukich answered:

- Fellow villagers do not buy, because the berry is expensive. When harvest time comes, we invite them to help. Then we treat you. Maybe we could do it with our family, but we don't have a big refrigerator. When collected, the blueberries must be cooled to 6-4 ° C, then they are stored for three weeks. But if this is not done, after 3 days the crop deteriorates.

- You have been growing blueberries for 8 years and probably follow the news?- In Belarus, scientists are not very much engaged in garden blueberries. The Poles have already bred their own variety Boniface. I tried the berries, they taste great. Yes, and bought seedlings. New Zealand has developed 3 varieties: Reka, Nuru, Puru. Americans can boast of new varieties: Changler, Dreper and Aurora. Aurora is the latest of all varieties, but it is licensed, even in Europe it is not. The Changler variety is already being grown in Poland.

By the way, the Blueberry Day has been held in Poland for 21 years in a row. Mikhail Lukich visited such holidays several times, where scientists share the results of their experiments, and then everyone goes to the blueberry fields. In 2005, Mikhail Lukich was gaining experience from a blueberry farmer near Warsaw. At first, the owners had 8 hectares, but now they have expanded the plantation by another 20 hectares. They create all the conditions for this: it is easier to take out a loan, there is where to sell the berries ... Just serve blueberries to your German neighbors, they eat their own, and even buy them in Poland and France.

Mikhail Lukich is not at all happy with the fact that he is the only person in the Brest region who grows blueberries. When he decided to take the land and start the plantation, many called him a fool in the face. Even relatives dissuaded: "What are you doing, who needs this berry?" And when they tried, they asked for seedlings.

Of course, it's not easy to become a blueberry farmer overnight. You must have your own transport to bring peat, butcher's, sawdust. Mikhail Lukich has no trucks, he has to hire, and that costs a pretty penny. Transport is also needed for the sale of seedlings. Stepanyuk's family has two cars, and they help out.

But, despite the difficulties, the family is hatching plans to expand the plantation by several more hectares. The son was especially fired up with such a desire. And Mikhail Lukich is waiting and hoping that scientists will develop such Belarusian varieties that would not be inferior to foreign ones in their characteristics. He is convinced that a villager should have his own land and work on it in a modern, competent manner. Gone are the days of lamenting and blaming failures on weather conditions.Of course, substantial state support is needed for all good farming undertakings. Without this, their ideas will be difficult and sometimes impossible to implement.

Undoubtedly, one of the most profitable and promising branches of the agricultural business is the cultivation of berries for sale. And this is not surprising, because adults and children love tasty and juicy fruits. Moreover, they are good for our body. Of course, growing berries as a business is a laborious and costly process. But, if you are not lazy, this business can bring good profits.

What is the best berry to grow in Russian climatic conditions in summer and winter?

To better understand what kind of berry to grow on a site on an industrial scale, it is important to take into account the state of the market and climatic conditions in their area. The main risks in the berry business are the unpredictability of weather conditions and the human factor.

With a properly built business, it profitability can reach 40-300%... And, conversely, if you underestimate the specifics of growing berries, you can completely go to the "minus".

Read also: Growing greenery as a business - how to make money from growing greenery?

1. Raspberries

Raspberries so popular for its taste and health benefitsthat it is grown in many garden plots. She is not particularly picky about soils, grows on any soil, however, she does not really like salt marshes.

The best conditions for growing raspberries are:

• sandy soil with mulching (covering in the form of a surface layer of peat or humus);
• sunlight;
• moderate humidity.

These indicators should be considered when developing a business plan for the cultivation of raspberries.

In addition, assuming a business on a grand scale, it would be nice test different varieties plants, choosing from them the most promising with a higher profitability in local conditions.

Berry bushes are planted in the north-south direction, with a row spacing of 1.5 meters. Given that this plant is perennial, the replacement of the bushes is required every 8-10 years, but this is with good care.

Raspberry common yields a harvest once a year (in June), remontant - twice, summer and autumn.

2. Blackberry

For some reason this berry not so often you can meet in home gardens like other plants. Meanwhile, in terms of yield, it surpasses raspberries and also has medicinal properties.

The process of growing blackberries is no more difficultthan currants or gooseberries. From a bush, you can pick up to 20-30 kg of berries per season. True, the plant is demanding on light, soil moisture, and its fertility. It is characterized by low resistance to negative temperatures (more than -18-25o).

However, this berry is better than raspberry, tolerates drought due to deeper roots.

There are 2 varieties of garden blackberries

• Kumanika, growing in the form of a bush up to 2 m high. It is not as productive as another plant variety. But the variety does not really need to be molded. The shrub occupies a smaller area and reproduces by root processes.
• Rosyanika - a creeping form of a plant with lashes up to 10 m long with larger berries. But reproduction of the bush is possible only by cuttings or rooting of cuttings.

3. Black and red currants

It is difficult to find a summer resident or a villager who would not grow red or black currants on his plot - one of the most valuable berries... After all, it contains a large amount of vitamins, trace elements and biologically active substances.

Currant retains its useful qualities even in a revised form.

The technology of industrial cultivation of currants is based on the property of these crops to give the maximum yield only from the third or fourth year.

When planting, a distance of at least 1.5-2 m is left between the bushes, taking into account their further growth.

You also need take into account that red currants do not like the neighborhood with black currants... But next to the gooseberry, it willingly grows. The plant does not like too acidic, dense and highly moist soils, shaded areas.

4. Blueberries

Native blueberries from North America, where some of its varieties reach 2.5-3 m in height. The plant was brought to Europe at the beginning of the 20s of the last century, and it was firmly based on industrial plantations and private plots.

Blueberries are not only tasty, but also healthy.... They contain potassium, vitamin C, iron. They also have a therapeutic effect on the human body.

Blueberry cultivation suggests some peculiarities. - it needs soil with a certain acidity value (pH within the range of 4.0-5.2). Drained peaty and sandy soils without stagnant surface water are most suitable. The place where the berry will grow should be sunny and sheltered from the wind.

The best variety to grow in the climatic conditions of central Russia, tall blueberries are recognized. Its bushes are quite sprawling, therefore, when planting, it is necessary to leave a distance of 3 meters between the rows, and at least a meter between the plants in a row.

The plant reproduces vegetatively.

5. Goji berries

While still goji berries are not as widespread on Russian territory. Meanwhile, this is an extremely valuable culture.

She comes from Tibet... Scientists have found in its composition polysaccharides necessary for the human body, which are absent in other products. There is 500 times more vitamin C in goji than in oranges. If you eat a few berries every day for preventive purposes, you can protect yourself from serious diseases such as cancer and liver degeneration.

There are quite a few varieties of this plant. (about 40). But only 2 of them have medicinal properties: Tibetan and Chinese goji (100 g of such berries at a wholesale price cost 4-5 euros, retail - 15 euros).

Growing conditions

• For the growth and development of plants, rocky or alkaline soil is needed.
• A more arid climate is suitable (goji does not tolerate waterlogging).
• Reproduction can be done by seeds and cuttings.
• The seedlings are planted in rows, keeping the row spacing of 2-3 m, the distance between the bushes is at least 2 m.
• The size of the landing pit is also important: half a meter wide and the same depth. It is filled with dry humus and tree resin mixed with earth.

Fruiting of bushes begins after 3 years, sometimes - earlier. Needs branching. Pruning is done as in grapes - fruit branches are cut to 1-4 fruit buds.

Features of technologies for growing berries for sale

In what soil can you grow berries for sale

• In the open field

This the way of growing berries is more suitable for beginner gardeners, but the productivity of plants largely depends on the vagaries of the weather. Bushes are planted in rows throughout the plot, observing the intervals for each of the species. It is necessary to take care of watering, drainage, protection from harmful insects, harvesting and transporting crops.

• Indoors

In this case berries are grown in greenhouses or greenhouses... The advantage of greenhouses is that planting can be started earlier (early April) and completed later (early November) than local climatic conditions permit. Usually the greenhouse is installed in such a way that the longitudinal axis of its frame is oriented in the north-south direction, with a slight deviation to the west (about 15-20 degrees). This arrangement allows the sun's rays to warm up the greenhouse surface more evenly.

Choosing a particular crop to grow, the possibility of creating suitable conditions should be foreseen in advance, and also calculate the profitability of the enterprise and its feasibility. Although you can simply adopt the experience of professionals who have achieved good results in this difficult matter.

Raspberry cultivation technology in a greenhouse (like many other berry crops) involves planting plants in pots and beds. For high yields, only proper care is needed: maintaining a certain level of humidity and choosing the required composition of the soil, since indoors the plants are reliably protected from wind, temperature extremes and bright sun.

1. Growing raspberries according to the Sobolev method

The essence of the method is in "double pruning" raspberries throughout the year (usually done once). The first pruning is carried out in mid-May - early June, cutting off the tops of the young shoots. After pruning, the length of the shoots should be 0.5-1.0 m. Lateral shoots begin to form more actively, forming 3-5 young branches by autumn.

The second pruning is done next spring.when the raspberry stalks are fully open. Now, on overwintered stems, the tops of the lateral and central branches are removed (by 5-15 cm). The bush after such pruning throws out even more peduncles. It is clear that the yield of raspberries increases significantly. However, growing raspberries using the Sobolev method requires more careful plant care. In summer, the bushes should be weeded regularly, mulched and watered well. It is not necessary to loosen the soil because of the risk of damage to the root system.

If all conditions are met correctly on care, raspberries will begin to give bountiful harvests of berries every year, the period of its fruiting will become longer (from mid-summer to late autumn). Larger berries will delight you with their pronounced taste and high content of nutrients.

2. Growing currants by cuttings

Enough a practical method for propagating currants on the site Is green cuttings. For the selection of planting material, the best currant bushes are used, preferably varietal. The essence of the method is that not the lignified parts of the plants are planted into the soil, but green shoots from the upper branches (up to 10 cm long), cut off along with the leaves. The currants are rooted in early summer, leaving only a couple of upper leaves on the cuttings (the rest are removed). They are planted with a slope and at a distance of 15 cm from each other; on the day of planting, the beds are watered.

After 2 weeks, you should expect the appearance of small roots... After 3 weeks, watering is reduced, although feeding is not canceled. If you take good care of the plants, then by the fall the bushes will grow up to 30 cm in height. Now they can be transplanted to a permanent place. In the spring, the bushes should be pruned again, leaving only a few buds. For the next autumn, a strong bush will turn out from the cuttings.

The advantage of growing currant cuttings is that planting in the summer allows the bushes to get stronger a little, and therefore they will more easily endure the cold season. In addition, currants grown from green cuttings are less attacked by all sorts of pests.

3. Growing blackberries and raspberries on a trellis

Tapestry - special fence from vertical posts with a wire stretched between them. Its use is desirable not only in the industrial cultivation of raspberries and blackberries, but also in the summer cottage, since with such a planting the plants take up less space. The bushes are planted in rows at a certain distance from each other, posts are placed between them, to which the wire is attached.

Column height is usually 1.5 m above the ground, plus - 1 m in the ground. The wire is cut to a length of about 40 m. Galvanized wire 4 mm thick is sufficient. If it is pulled in one row, then this should be done at a height of 1.2 m, with a double arrangement, the upper wire is attached at a height of 1.2 m, and the lower one - at a distance of 0.7-0.8 m from the earth's surface.

Every year, single annual plant shoots are tied to a trellis, and all the rest of the green growth is excised as it appears. Such planting and maintenance provide a neat appearance of the bushes in the rows, good ventilation and, as a result, maximum yield.So, from one hundred square meters you can get:

• common raspberries - up to 2 kg per bush, or up to 100 kg per hundred square meters;
• large-fruited raspberries - up to 4-5 kg ​​per bush, or up to 200 kg per hundred square meters;
• blackberries - up to 10 kg per bush, or up to 350-400 kg per hundred square meters.

Financial expenses the installation of the trellis pays off in 2-3 years after the first harvest ripens. In the next 10-12 years, it will be possible to make a profit that is 6-8 times higher than the income from plantations without trellises.

The best and popular varieties of berries to grow for sale

1. Raspberry

Growing raspberries for sale can be done, both in collective gardens and in private plots. The choice of a variety largely depends on environmental conditions, its yield and profitability.

• Raspberry remontant

Growing remontant raspberries Is the surest and most profitable way for novice businessmen. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that the bushes can bear fruit on the same shoots twice - in late summer and early autumn. If at the end of summer the first harvest is removed from annual shoots, then next year they will bear fruit somewhere in mid-June. The quality of the berries, however, will not be very good. Most likely, they will be born small, bony and dryish. In this regard, many summer residents harvest only one crop.

Remaining raspberry varieties include:

- The yellow giant. Berry weight - up to 6-12 g, yield - up to 12-15 kg of raspberries from a bush and 190 kg - from one hundred square meters. Plant height is up to 2.7 m, practically no maintenance is required. One of the best varieties, however, it is not grown on an industrial scale due to the low transportability of the berries.

— Indian summer. The weight of the berries is 2.5-3 g, the yield is up to 2-3 kg per bush. Plant height is up to 1.4 m, it is highly resistant to diseases. Fruits with an extremely pleasant, sweet taste, very aromatic.

• Japanese raspberry

This the sight of raspberries is still a wonder for Russians, because the berry is only developing the vastness of our country. That is why there is not so much information about Japanese raspberries. It grows like a liana, reaches a height of 3 m. Does not require special care, it is resistant to frost. The color of the berries is from bright red to almost black, the diameter is up to 1 cm.

2. Blackberry

In recent years, gardeners more and more attention is paid to the cultivation of blackberries... It is mainly planted in a covering culture in areas of 20 acres or more. With good shelter for the winter, industrial varieties grow well and bear fruit generously - Thornfree, Orcan, Black Diamond and others. More modest yields of hybrid varieties of raspberries and blackberries - Loganberry, Silvan, Sunberry. However, their value lies in the peculiar aroma and taste, the large size of the berries and early ripening.

• Thornless blackberry

The name of the plant speaks for itself. Breeders were still able to breed blackberries without thornswith a high yield and large juicy berry. It can even be grown in shaded areas of the garden. It is unpretentious to the soil, easily multiplies, bears fruit already in the second year after planting. The Thornfree variety is considered a typical representative of the thornless blackberry.

• Thornfree

The creeping shoots of the plant reach 4 m in length... The weight of black-gray berries reaches 5 g. The industrial cultivation of Thornfrey blackberries is considered quite promising, because up to 12-14 kg of berries can be obtained from one bush. Fruiting in July-August.

• Loganberry

This hybrid variety has large berries conical shape and powerful spines. The crop can be harvested until the very frost. Up to 7-8 kg of berries are obtained from one bush. Most Loganberry forms and clones ripen earlier than raspberries or blackberries. The first ripe berries appear at the end of May. They are characterized by good transportability.

3. Currant

Currant is one of the few berry crops, when growing, all processes (planting, leaving, picking berries) can be fully mechanized... Many hobbyists are still cultivating older varieties, although in recent years tastier, larger and more disease-resistant berries have been developed.

• Raisin

A feature of this variety is that berries, even when fully ripe, do not crumble, and slowly dry up on the bush, where the name of the currant came from. The berry is sweet, weighs 3-3.5 g. The yield is not very high (up to 11 tons per hectare), it reproduces poorly.

• Gross

One of the best varieties for growing in the middle lane and northern regions of Russia.Berries weighing 1.5-2.4 g, black, round, sweet and sour. The yield can be up to 12 tons per hectare. Mid-early ripening period.

• Vigorous

One of the largest-fruited varieties... The weight of the berries can reach 7-8 g, the taste is sweet and sour. Fruiting is abundant, up to 6-8 kg of fruit can be obtained from the bush. Ripening later.

• Treasure

Strongly spreading bush, but has good winter hardiness and disease resistance. The weight of the berries is up to 2.2-4.5 g, the taste is pleasant, sweet and sour. Ripening is medium early. Productivity - 2.8-6.0 kg per bush.

4. Garden blueberry

For many summer residents, garden blueberries are a new culture, but growing it is not so difficult... Plus, it's a very profitable business. A good harvest of berries can be obtained 4 years after the first planting of the bushes. There are more than 100 varieties of garden blueberry.

• Canadian

The height of the bush reaches 1-3 m... The berries ripen in early August - mid September. The weight of the berries is in the range of 1.2-3.4 g, the taste is pleasant. They do not fall from the bush for a long time, although they do not ripen at the same time. Color from blue to black.

• Patriot

Tall variety, mid-season. The yield is high (up to 5-7 kg per bush). The size of the berries is 17-20 mm, the taste is pleasant, the color is light blue. Unripe fruits are characterized by a red color. The variety is resistant to disease and frost.

• Bluecrop

To date is the main industrial grade... The bush reaches a height of 1.6-2.0 m, the size of the berries is 15-17 mm. One plant produces up to 6-9 kg of fruits per season. Ripening begins in August, the berries are sweet, round in shape.

What kind of berry is profitable to grow on an industrial scale?

Profitability of growing raspberries, business plan

Approximate calculation organization of a berry plantation of 50 bushes on 0.01 hectares of land:

• seedlings - from 5 to 25 thousand rubles. (1 piece - 100-500 rubles);
• trellis and soil preparation - 3 600 rubles. (3,000 + 600 rubles - purchase of humus and trellis);
• watering - 20 thousand rubles. (from the well);
• fertilizers and plant protection products - 500 rubles;
• inventory and equipment - 30 thousand rubles. (posts, sprayer, motor-cultivator, etc.);
• electricity - 1 thousand rubles;
• baskets for the sale of raspberries - 20 thousand rubles.

Total expenses will be from 80,100 to 100,100 rubles. Net profit for the second year of business organization can be up to 200 thousand rubles. provided that one basket of raspberries costs 150 rubles.

The profitability of growing blackberries

When calculating the profitability of a berry plantation of 40 blackberry bushes per 0.01 hectares of land, we get approximately from 250 thousand rubles to 631 500. According to the condition of the problem, the yield of berries is 400 kg, and the cost of a glass of blackberries (160-190 g) on ​​the market is 100 rubles (in Moscow - up to 300 rubles). Subtracting the approximate costs similar to those given above for raspberries, we have a net profit of 170-531 thousand rubles.

Read also: How to organize and promote a flower business - 5 secrets of a successful business

The profitability of growing black and red currants, business plan

The cost of 1 kg of black currant in Moscow is 95 rubles. Provided that from 30 to 50 bushes of large-fruited berries can be planted on 1 weave (0.01 ha), the yield as a result will be from 100 to 200 kg (depending on the variety). In monetary terms, this will be equal to 9,500-19 thousand rubles. It remains to deduct the costs.

Blueberry business plan

Subject to picking berries from 1 bush in the amount of 2-8 kg, the price of seedlings is 100-200 rubles. (an especially large American berry costs up to 6,500 rubles per bush) and an initial cost of 1 thousand rubles, you can have an income in a few years (from the sale of seedlings and berries) of 20-50 thousand rubles. in season.

The profitability of growing goji berries

Profitability from a business of growing goji berries will always be high, despite the high cost of seedlings. The fruits of the plant (but only Tibetan or Chinese goji) are even more profitable when sold at retail. The main thing is to properly organize your business.

Blueberry is a plant that produces fragrant, juicy, pleasant-tasting fruits that have a number of beneficial properties. Blueberries accelerate metabolic processes in the body, strengthen the walls of blood vessels, and have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract. This product is highly regarded in the market and is in exceptional demand.

Until recently, the plant could only be found in the wild, mainly in the north of Russia. Now, throughout the country, there are nurseries that are ready to sell blueberry seedlings to anyone who wishes for a relatively small fee. Growing blueberries as a small home business can be organized even on the territory of your own personal plot.

Content:

• Growing berries for sale
• Agrotechnics
• The costs of starting a small home business
• Possible income

Features of the blueberry growing business

Garden blueberry is a low (up to 1 m) branched shrub with a stem that grows stiff over time. The plant is unpretentious, frost-resistant, resistant to pests and disease. A blueberry bush can grow in one place and produce a good harvest for as much as forty years.

If you are considering cultivating blueberries as a business, the first thing you need to pay attention to is that the plant is very demanding on the acidity of the soil. The optimum level is pH 4-5. The soil for planting seedlings should be loose, breathable, nutritious and light.

Important! To achieve the required level of acidity, you can use coniferous litter, pine bark, high peat, sulfur. A site for planting bushes must be prepared in advance. So, sulfur should be applied a year before the garden is laid.

An important condition for the growth and active fruiting of blueberries is soil moisture. The soil layer in which the root system is located (at a depth of up to 20 cm) must be constantly moist. In addition, blueberries are a light-loving plant, so it is advisable to choose places under the open sun for the garden.

The best blueberry varieties for business are:

• Blurey - bountiful harvest, large berries, have a good presentation;
• Woodart - is distinguished by an early entry into the fruiting period;
• Erliblu - very large berries, early fruiting;
• Rankocas is a high-yielding variety;
• Berkeley - berries are large, keep well and tolerate long-term transportation, etc.

For planting, it is necessary to purchase seedlings at the age of one to two years with a closed root system (in a container, pot or tight bag). It is best to plant blueberries in rows, maintaining a row spacing of about 2.5-3 m. Bushes in a row should be placed at a distance of 1.5 m from each other. The first full crop can be harvested three years after planting the seedlings. Subject to all growing conditions, you can count on 4-8 kg of berries per season from one bush.

Growing raspberries as a business: when and how much profit an entrepreneur can count on when planning to produce raspberries for sale.

How profitable is currant as a business?

One of the most popular berries in Russia is strawberry. It is useful to learn how to set up a strawberry growing business all year round, to read about the peculiarities of berry production in the open field and in a greenhouse.

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Garden care rules

In order for the seedlings to actively grow, develop and bring a good harvest, they need to be properly looked after. The soil in the rows should be loosened regularly to a shallow depth (8-10 cm).

Blueberries require regular watering. If the entrepreneur's region has dry soils and hot summers, then you will have to water the garden yourself. During the flowering period of the bushes, watering should be carried out at the root, the rest of the time it is better to use the sprinkling method. It is recommended to pour peat, humus or sawdust into the ground from time to time to maintain the required moisture level.

The plants need to be fed twice a season: the first time before flowering, the second - during the setting of berries. From organic fertilizers, manure can be used, from inorganic fertilizers, experienced gardeners recommend potassium humate, sodium humate, Kemira-Lux, Berry, Ideal and Nursery to use.

For the first three years after planting, blueberries do not need to be pruned. In the future, it is recommended to form bushes annually, removing weak shoots, old branches, rejuvenating the crown. Pruning should be done in early spring. Pruning regularly will ensure a healthy crop.

If you are planning to do a blueberry business on earth, you should be aware that this plant is sometimes attacked by stalk aphids, flower beetles and bud mites. In the fight against these pests, the use of appropriate insecticides is effective.

From diseases to the plant, moniliosis, burns of shoots and gray rot are terrible. If a disease is detected, the affected parts of the bush must be cut off and destroyed, and healthy branches must be treated with eurapen (can be used only before flowering).

Planting and gardening costs

An entrepreneur planning to deal with blueberries will incur the main costs in the first year. It will be necessary to prepare the soil, purchase seedlings, provide them with maximum care so that they take root in a new place. Subsequently, the costs will be reduced to watering, fertilizing and processing plants. This is taking into account the fact that the garden will be laid out on its own land plot.

Important! If the level of acidity of the soil that the entrepreneur will use for planting seedlings is not suitable for growing blueberries, then he will have to spend a significant amount on artificial soil acidification. The situation can be simplified by being in close proximity to your site of peat deposits.

Blueberry seedlings in nurseries sell on average at a price of 500 to 1000 rubles apiece, depending on the variety, which, in turn, determines the ripening period, yield, and weight of fruits.

So, in order to organize a garden on ten acres of own land, you will need to purchase about 200 seedlings. The expenses for the purchase of planting material will be from 100 to 200 thousand rubles. Another 20 thousand rubles will be spent on soil preparation, the purchase of fertilizers, insecticides and equipment. The maintenance of the garden will cost about 10 thousand rubles annually. As you can see, such a business cannot be called high-cost.

Blueberries are a good honey plant, so the cultivation of this plant can be successfully combined with the production of honey. It is helpful to consider breeding bees as a business and learn about the pros and cons of such an activity.

Growing apples as a business: apple orchards can yield a good harvest as early as the third year after planting.

How much can you earn

Blueberries can be very profitable as a business. However, the return on investment will have to wait for several years. The fact is that active fruiting in this plant begins only in the third or fourth year after planting, and a crop of more than 3 kg per bush can be expected no earlier than five years later.

The market value of blueberry fruit is on average 200 rubles per 1 kg. From 200 bushes, you can pick from 1000 kg of berries per season. The proceeds from the sale of fresh berries can reach 200 thousand rubles. For everyone who is looking for a way to make money in the village, this type of activity is perfect.

I must say that blueberries are also used to make juices, preserves and jams. Selling homemade jams and other processed products can be an additional source of income. In addition, an entrepreneur can earn money by selling his own planting material to summer residents and novice gardeners.

Conclusion

Growing blueberries is not only a fun process, but also a great way to make money using your own plot of land and a relatively small amount.Blueberries get along well with other representatives of heathers: lingonberries, cranberries, blueberries, which also grow on acidic soils. With proper agricultural technology, the plants will give a good harvest for 30-40 years.

Today in the interview section we will talk about blueberry cultivation ...

Petr STRIFEL from the village of Raubichi (Minsk region) calls himself a novice gardener. In the past, a master of sports in wrestling, with the dedication and perseverance characteristic of record holders, about ten years ago he began to master a completely new field for himself.

Interested in: why gardening?

- The ancestors were strong owners, but after the revolution the land was taken away. And when I came to these places, I saw untreated fields, I had a pinch in my chest, I realized - mine! I think some gene "woke up", - the interlocutor smiles.

See also: Blueberries - growing and care: personal experience

Find an approach

Peasant farm "Strefel" (by the name of the head) is 26 hectares, on which there is an excellent apple orchard, there is a small plot with cherries and raspberries. But Peter Strefel calls the tall blueberry his favorite culture, which he planted in 2009.

- When I started out, cultivated blueberries were rarely found on farms, and even more so in amateur gardens. But I so wanted to master the process of growing this rare plant at that time that I took a chance. And I never regretted it. Moreover, I advise many of my friends: discover blueberries! Its fruits, due to the enormous benefits for the human body, are not in vain called the berry of the 21st century! This culture is a long-liver, if desired, it can bring income to the owners, since the harvest is in great demand. And plant care is not difficult ...

- ... provided that you follow the rules of agricultural technology ...

- They ripped me off my tongue, - laughs Pyotr Stepanovich. - Quite right: there are several important points to be observed for successful blueberry cultivation.

First, it can only grow on acidic soils: the optimal pH is 3.5-4.5. Before laying the plantation, I first prepared the site: I plowed everything, leveled it. And then he brought back sour peat. On 3 hectares, 1 thousand tons of peat was required, although then it was poured more.

Secondly, blueberries are very light-requiring. Even with a slight shading, the yield decreases, the number of flower buds that are laid in the current year decreases. This, in turn, leads to a decrease in the yield in the next season.

Thirdly, it is necessary to monitor the moisture content of the soil, in no case should the soil be allowed to dry out. In hot weather, it is advisable to water blueberries at least twice a week - in the morning or in the evening.

I have equipped drip irrigation throughout the site. In amateur gardens, 5-6 liters of water can be poured under young bushes, under adults - Yul. By the way, “water procedures” for blueberries are especially relevant in July-August, when the harvest ripens and flower buds are laid. However, don't overdo it: the culture can't stand stagnant water!

Blueberry planting scheme

- If I decide on a blueberry bed, when would you advise to plant plants?

- You can plant seedlings with a closed root system throughout the growing season. Seedlings with an open root system can be planted in the fall (one month before the onset of persistent frosts) or in the spring (before bud break). It is advisable to prepare the pit in a couple of weeks: 50-60 cm wide, 40 cm deep, with sheer walls. Fill it, as already mentioned, with an acidic substrate - high (red) peat, you can still have fallen pine needles or bark, add 40-60 g of sulfur, a little sand, mix and compact everything. After planting, it is advisable to mulch the plants with sawdust. I have a distance between plants in a row - 1 m. But today I would increase it to 1.5 m, because over time the bushes grow both in breadth and in height. And between the rows - 3.5 m.

- By the way, about the aisles: you have them sown with clover ...

- He well "clogs" weeds, does not allow them to grow.Besides, I have bees. And the plantation looks beautiful when the clover blooms.

Reference by topic: How to properly plant blueberries

Measure is in everything!

- Pyotr Stepanovich, it seems to me or your 6-7-year-old bushes are lagging behind in growth?

- Unfortunately, this is the result of a lack of experience at the initial stage. In the early years, more than a thousand bushes withered, attacks were also later. The plants were sick and did not grow well. Now I took control of this issue.

In the spring, as the soil thaws, I treat the bushes with a copper-containing preparation - Azofosom. Then, before flowering, - Quickly (according to the instructions). Since the beginning of June, I have been feeding: foliar (I spray it with Crystalon once every two weeks) and root (I sprinkle calcium nitrate, potassium monophosphate in the near-stem circle in rainy weather). And so on until mid-July. In the fall, after harvesting, I repeat the treatment with Skor. For the winter, the bushes can be mulched with peat.

Blueberry cultivation experience for sale 2

Blueberries in perfect order

For the first time, Alexander SIMAGIN tasted blueberries about 15 years ago while visiting a Polish farmer. To say that Alexander liked the treat is to say nothing. But the young man was more impressed by the organization of work on the Pole's berry plantation - there is perfect order and cleanliness around. It was then that the thought flashed through: what if something similar was organized in your homeland? ..

Gradually, the ghostly idea of ​​his "berry business" grew into a clear vision of the task. The confidence that everything will work out was given by the support of Raisa's wife. And then a house in the village of Koski, Minsk region, was inherited from grandparents. The farm "Heather Country" was founded there. Its area is 19 hectares, of which 5 hectares have been allocated for blueberries. Now, in addition to seasonal berries and blueberry planting material, young farmers also grow cranberry and lingonberry seedlings.

Raisa Simagina admits that it was not easy at first.

- It was difficult both physically and financially, and most importantly - the almost complete lack of information at that time on the care of blueberries. Therefore, we moved forward by trial and error. I remember that in one year they bought peat and planted 30,000 cuttings, which in a month ... every last one died. It turned out that it was a matter of low-quality peat. What to do? You sit down, cry, and in the morning you get up and start everything in a new way ... - Raisa jokes.

Alexander, today it is no longer a problem to find information on blueberry care on the Internet. True, each gardener has his own methods, sometimes contradictory ...

- Let's start with the landing. I am a supporter of the fact that blueberries grow in one peat, but it must necessarily be sour (pH - not higher than 4.5). If you want to save money, you can mix it with sand (4: 1) or sawdust (3: 2). Only take stale, rotted sawdust.

Many people confuse high-moor (sphagnum, red) peat with low-lying (black) peat, similar to black soil, in which blueberries, alas, do not grow. This culture does not like oily, fertile soil at all. And no organic matter and manure! Does not tolerate culture and ash! Closed-root blueberries can be planted throughout the growing season. Choose only a sunny area. Pit diameter

- 50-60 cm, depth - 40-50 cm.

But many farmers advise to dig holes 1 × 1 m in size ...

- I don't see the point in such a size, since the root system of blueberries is superficial, and even in a 10-year-old bush it does not always reach 50 cm in diameter. So why dig huge holes in the first place and think where to get so much peat at once? I suggest the following: when the blueberry reaches 6-7 years of age, the crown of the bush will indicate what is the approximate diameter of the roots at this stage. And if you understand what they have achieved

loam, along the perimeter of the near-trunk zone, dig a trench on the bayonet of a shovel, and fill it with fresh high-moor peat. So you will gradually expand the planting hole and rationally use peat.

Another controversial issue: is it worth spreading the roots of the seedling when planting?

- In this case, as a rule, it is impossible to avoid rupture of the roots, their damage, which, in turn, leads to plant diseases. And if the bush does not die after such an execution, then at least a year will not develop. In general, the recommendations to spread the roots refer to 3-4-year-old seedlings, the root system of which has already braided the walls of the container. But in this case, when you get

the plant from the container, the maximum that needs to be done is to lightly "scratch" the root ball around the circumference, then put it in water for 15-20 minutes and plant it in the planting hole at the same depth as the seedling grew in the container.

Better to purchase 2-year-old seedlings. They do not need to touch the roots - after soaking, they are immediately transferred into the hole. Then water the plants well. If there are branches that fall on the ground or come off at right angles from the base, cut them back. All shoots must point straight up.

The first two years after planting is an important stage in the development of the bushes. Do not chase after the first harvest at this time, but remove all flowers, let the plants grow stronger and develop. And taking into account the correct planting and competent care, from a 5-year-old bush you can pick up to 1.5 kg of berries.

An important point in blueberry care is mulching. What material would you recommend to use?

I cover my plantings with chips with a layer of 8-10 cm.It is also possible with bark, but only steamed. Mulching will reduce daily fluctuations in soil temperature, prevent moisture from evaporating, and improve the formation of numerous fibrous roots.

Many people advise using butcher's mulch as mulch. But in the heat, after a couple of days, it will turn into dust, i.e. will cease to perform its protective functions. If you use sawdust, keep in mind that they will have to be added every year.

Blueberries do not tolerate chlorine, so it is impossible to fertilize plants with this element.

What should a blueberry gardener pay special attention to now, in the middle of summer? - In July-August, fruiting begins, and at the same time flower buds are laid on the bushes - next year's harvest. Watering is very important during this period. With a lack of moisture, you will significantly lose your harvest, not only in the current season, but also in the next one. Make sure that the topsoil does not dry out, but at the same time, do not overmoisten it. In dry conditions, water the plants abundantly at least three times a week (5-10 liters per bush).

By the way, about the harvest: how did your blueberries survive this unusual spring?

The cataclysms at the beginning of the season did not affect the plants in any way. The fact is that blueberry flowers can withstand frosts down to -5 degrees. It is much worse if the ovary already gets under the frost. Last year, on June 10, the night temperature dropped to -1 degrees. This was enough to deprive us of some of the harvest.

At what age do you need to feed blueberries?

Immediately after landing. We are not supporters of overfeeding plants, but we cannot do without mineral fertilizers. The first feeding is at the end of April, the second at the end of May. We use special complex mineral fertilizers for blueberries. Previously, I still fed in the summer, but not all the bushes had time to ripen and in winter they froze too much. Now I don't risk it anymore. After harvesting, we apply fertilizers without nitrogen - no later than September 15th. It is possible later, if you are sure that the autumn will be warm. ~) What would you advise to acidify the soil? -

If the planting pits are filled with good high-moor peat, then it will be enough for a year or two. In the future, the acidity can be lowered with preparations derived from sulfur - sulfuric acid (10-1 5 ml per 10 l of water) or unused electrolyte (30 ml per 10 l of water - this solution is enough for 1 sq. M).

In winter, hares love blueberries, so you can cover the bushes with a cloth, but not with a film.

To combat pests and diseases in early spring and autumn, at the same time as the orchard is treated, the plants should be sprayed with approved insecticides and fungicides.

I collect blueberries in buckets

For over 30 years, agronomist Valentina BARYSHEVA from the Vitebsk region has been growing blueberries. And he collects excellent harvests - almost a bucket of berries from a bush. Today she shares the basics of growing a valuable crop.

EXPRESS ADVICE

NIKOLAY RUBAN, BREST REGION:

I always mulch blueberry bushes. Since they are planted on peat soil, I use a mineral substrate - sand, gravel. The thickness of the mulching layer is 10 cm, the radius is 50-60 cm.

A place

I fill a hole 60 cm deep and 80 × 80 cm in size with special soil: for 3 buckets of brownish peat with an acid reaction, I take 1 bucket of forest soil and sawdust of coniferous species (better - lying down and with remnants of bark). Before planting, I water the hole with the soil abundantly with water.

Planting time I planted blueberries even in summer, regularly watering them. But the optimal dates are spring (April-May) and autumn (October-November). Before planting, I immerse the plants in water for 5-15 minutes. Then, for seedlings older than 2 years old, grown in pots or bags, I knead the peat ball with my hands and spread the roots slightly to the sides. After planting, I mulch with the bark of coniferous trees (it retains moisture well) and water it abundantly.

Top dressing

Do not add organic matter under the blueberries. Best of all - a complex water-soluble mineral fertilizer with microelements (for a 2-year-old seedling I put in 30 g). Since April I feed once a month, finish in June and early July.

Blueberry pruning

I grow blueberries in one place for 15-17 years, after which I rejuvenate them or plant new plants. I don’t cut off the bushes and don’t cover them - they perfectly tolerate frosts down to -35 degrees, (if the seedlings, with proper care, overwinter lignified). In the spring (March) I remove blackened and damaged branches.

How to acidify the soil

Some hobby gardeners spill blueberries with a vinegar solution to acidify the soil. Valentina Barysheva doesn't do that. He says it's dangerous, especially if you overdo it with concentration - everything can end in burns and plant death. It is better to apply special fertilizers marked "for blueberries" in a timely manner.

Recorded by Nina PISARENKO. Photo from the archive of Valentina BARYSHEVA

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In recent years, in our country and in the neighboring countries, blueberries are rapidly gaining popularity - a shrub common in Europe with a high content of vitamin C and other vitamins and minerals.

A berry with extremely useful properties is necessary for every healthy person. Not knowing how to grow blueberries, many gardeners and summer residents refuse this shrub. In care, the shrub is unpretentious and does not require much effort, however, the cultivation of blueberries requires compliance with some nuances.

Blueberry variety selection

It is important to choose the right variety before planting blueberries on the site. For areas with a cool climate, low-growing varieties (for example, Canadian) are preferred. In warmer regions with long, hot summers, garden blueberries can be cultivated. When making a choice, it is most important to compare the ripening dates and climatic features of your area, otherwise the blueberries will not have time to ripen.

You can enjoy the wonderful blueberries in any region of our country.The different varieties of the berry are harvested in the early, middle or late seasons. Growing several varieties at once will help extend the harvest season until late autumn.

Landing dates

The shrub can be grown in any region of our country, given that the plant does not like long-term drying of the soil. You can plant blueberries in spring and autumn, but spring planting is more reliable: during the summer season, the seedlings on the site have time to take root and get so strong that in winter the risk of freezing becomes minimal.

In early spring, it is recommended to plant blueberries before sap flows. Planting is best done after the snow has melted and the soil has warmed up to + 6 ° C. The time for planting shrubs depends on the weather conditions of the region: from March-April in the more southern regions to May in the northern ones.

In the fall, blueberries are best planted in September or early October. Plants planted before winter take root well and practically do not freeze out. Compared to the spring planting, the autumn planting is longer in time.

Site selection and soil preparation

Blueberries are grown only in acidic soils. The plant grows well on peat bogs, sandy and sandy loam substrates. Blueberries do not tolerate predecessors, therefore, it is desirable that the area intended for it be under steam for several years.

The rotted leaf litter significantly improves soil fertility and water regime. To create such a soil in a garden plot, you can use sawdust, sour high peat, foliage, bark or other materials, using sulfur, acetic, citric or malic acid, raising the acidity of the soil to 3.7-4.8 units.

Moderate soil moisture is one of the main conditions for successful blueberry cultivation. It should not be planted in areas lying in lowlands: in such cases, there is a very high risk of waterlogging. In a shrub growing for a long time in places with an excess of moisture, the roots quickly rot and die, it ceases to develop and bear fruit.

For planting blueberries in a summer cottage, you should choose the most illuminated place, at the same time, protected from strong winds. The yield and quality of berries in partial shade will be much worse. With a lack of light, the growth time of shoots is lengthened, which do not always have time to woody before the first frost, which increases the risk of frosting in winter.

It is cost effective to plant several varieties of blueberries in the garden. Mixed planting of different varieties ensures good pollination and higher yields, significantly improves the taste of berries and shortens their ripening time.

Preparation of seedlings

It is better to purchase 2-3-year-old blueberry seedlings with a developed closed root system: in containers or pots. It is impossible to simply transfer them from the container into the pit, because the fragile roots of blueberries in the ground will not unfold on their own and the plant will not be able to fully develop.

Immediately before planting, the pot with the plant is immersed in a container of water for 20-25 minutes to saturate the roots and an earthen lump with moisture. The seedlings are then carefully removed from the pot, and the earthy ball is kneaded with your hands. Turning the bush upside down, the root ball is cut crosswise to a depth of 5-7 cm or, starting from the middle, torn by hand.

Landing technology

Medium and vigorous blueberry bushes are planted at a distance of 90-120 cm from each other, undersized - 70-80 cm.Prepare planting pits with a diameter of 60-70 cm and a depth of 40-50 cm in advance.On heavy loamy soils, make a wider pit of shallower depth (20-30 cm) and additionally equip a drainage layer with a thickness of 10-15 cm.

To provide air access to the roots of the plant, it is advisable to loosen the bottom and walls of the pit. To ensure the normal development of blueberries, it is necessary to create an acidic substrate in the pit.

It is recommended to lay high moor peat mixed with pine needles, sand and sawdust on the bottom and add 50 grams of sulfur there to oxidize the soil, mix everything thoroughly and compact. There is no need to add any fertilizers to the substrate, especially organic ones that alkalize the soil.

The seedling is lowered into a pit, its roots are spread in different directions and covered with prepared soil with high acidity. The plant is deepened 6-7 cm above the level of the coma in the pot. The earth is then slightly compacted. A small hole is made around the bush and watered abundantly. A layer of sawdust with a thickness of 9-12 cm is used to mulch the near-trunk zone.

After the autumn planting of blueberries, you need to remove all weak branches from the seedling of the first year of life with pruning shears, and shorten the developed ones by half. If the seedling is older than 2 years, no pruning should be done after planting.

Blueberry care

To obtain a rich harvest of beautiful and healing berries, blueberry plantings must be provided with competent and timely care.

Watering

For good survival and development of shrubs, moderate but constant watering without waterlogging and drying out of the soil is important. It is recommended to water the soil around the bush by drip or shallow sprinkling.

In the summer, in mid-July and August, the plant should be watered twice a day (morning and evening), several times a week, 1.5-2 buckets of water under each bush. Abundant watering during this period is very important: flower buds are laid on the bushes simultaneously with fruiting for next year's harvest. The lack of moisture will be reflected in its significant decrease in the current and next year.

When it is especially hot and stuffy, the bushes need to be cooled by spraying with cool water at 12-13 in the afternoon. This simple agrotechnical manipulation minimizes the stress from overheating of the plant and increases the rate of photosynthesis.

Tillage

Blueberry plantings are mulched with rotted leaves, sawdust, straw, needles in a layer 7-12 cm thick. By retaining moisture in the soil, this allows it to equalize its temperature. When mulching plantings with sawdust or fresh bark, it is necessary to additionally apply nitrogen fertilizers so that the growth and development of the bushes does not slow down.

When removing weeds around blueberry plantings, it is important to take into account the proximity of blueberry roots to the surface. We recommend shallow weeding between rows. Blueberry plantings are often sown with low-growing grasses, mowing them down and leaving them to rot.

Top dressing

Blueberries, especially tall varieties, are sensitive to a lack of fertilizers.

In early spring, when the buds swell, it is recommended to carry out the first feeding with complex mineral fertilizers such as Fertik or Azofosk (according to the instructions), the second - during the flowering period, the third - after the appearance of small berries, but no later than July 1. The fertilizer dose per season depends on the age of the bush: a 2-3-year-old will need 10-20 grams, a 4-year-old - 40 grams, a 5-year-old - 50-70 grams, an older one - 150-160 grams.

When growing blueberries, many gardeners make a common mistake - applying organic fertilizers. Blueberries not only do not tolerate manure, compost and chicken droppings, but after using them they can even die.

You should not ignore such an important event as maintaining the optimal level of soil acidity. To this end, from April to September, twice a month, each bush is watered with a weak solution of citric acid (for 3 liters of water - 5-12 grams).

Pruning

Regular spring pruning of the bushes ensures high fruiting of blueberries. In this case, the diseased and lying on the ground branches, small bushy growth at the base of the plant are to be removed. Of the annual shoots, it is necessary to leave 4-6 of the most developed ones. In erect bushes, the middle is thinned out, in spreading ones, drooping lower branches are removed.

Pest and disease control

Garden blueberry plants will be healthy and immune to disease if planted and cared for according to agricultural practices. But sometimes even healthy plants need protection. Most often, ripening blueberries are affected by birds that peck at them. To preserve the harvest, it is enough to carefully pull the mesh with small cells over the bushes.

Insects usually do not cause significant damage to blueberries, but in some years the bushes can attack the May beetles, which gnaw the leaves and eat the flowers of the plant, which significantly reduces the yield of blueberries. Beetle larvae can also eat up the roots of bushes. Blueberries can be affected by aphids, scale insects, leafworms, and pine silkworm caterpillars.

Beetles and their larvae are collected by hand and drowned in salt water. The best remedy for other pests is preventive and therapeutic spraying of blueberry plantings with Actellik (2 milliliters per 2 liters of water).

Blueberries suffer the most from fungal diseases: phomopsis (drying of branches), stem cancer, white and double spot, gray rot, physalsporosis, monoliosis of fruits. Almost all fungal diseases of garden blueberries are caused by stagnation of moisture in the roots of the plant due to insufficient water permeability of the soil or improper watering.

For prophylactic purposes, the plants are annually treated with a 3% solution of Bordeaux mixture in early spring and after harvest. Diseases are treated with a double or triple treatment with Topaz (2 milliliters per 10 liters of water) at weekly intervals.

Sometimes blueberries are affected by mycoplasma or viral diseases: dwarfism, filamentous branches, necrotic and red ring spots, mosaic. It is impossible to cure plants from them, diseased specimens have to be removed and burned.

Some problems in blueberries are caused by violations of agricultural rules. If the leaves of the plants turn light green and then yellow, the problem is most likely in the insufficiently acidic soil on the site.

If you add peat to it, the appearance of the foliage will gradually recover. Blueberry leaves can turn yellow as a result of nitrogen deficiency. For the same reason, the berries become small, and the shoots stop growing. Nitrogen fertilizers on the blueberry plot must be applied annually.