How to grow bell peppers outdoors?

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How to properly cultivate peppers in the open field and create care? Bell peppers are a southern crop and require warmth and humidity. In the middle lane, peppers are grown in open soil through seedlings and greenhouses. To grow the desired crop crop, you need special care.

Pepper grows well in the open field of the middle lane

Soil preparation

Growing pepper in the open field requires proper preparation of the land.

Outdoor sweet peppers grow better in places with a mild climate and in an area where there is more sun and less wind. To protect from the wind, they make a shield from plants or erect a wattle fence.

To grow peppers in an open area, it is important to understand after which crops it is more effective to grow peppers.

Planting peppers is best done in the place where cabbage, pumpkin, cucumbers, legumes, table roots grew. In places with a previous harvest of tomato, eggplant, potatoes, planting peppers for three years is not recommended, since diseases of these vegetables spread through the ground.

The soil allocated for the pepper should be fertile and retain moisture. They begin to prepare the ground in the fall. Harvesting in the fall, you need to carefully collect the remains of the previous crop and dig up the ground. They also fertilize the soil, enriching the following substances (per 1 square meter):

• superphosphate in a volume of 30-50 g;
• wood ash - 50-80 g;
• humus - from 5 to 10 kg.

In places where fresh manure was fertilized, sweet peppers cannot be planted, since there is no need for organic fresh feeding. Excessive nitrogen in the soil causes the active growth of the vegetative parts of the pepper, and the ovary is so poorly preserved, which affects the yield.

In the fall, the place where they plan to place the pepper is dug deeply. In the spring, the soil is loosened and fed with fertilizers with phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. The earth is slightly dug up and leveled before planting seedlings.

Pumpkin is a great precursor for pepper

How to properly plant seedlings?

Only when the frost is over is it recommended to plant peppers. This is in the second half of May. Planting is carried out according to the scheme 60-70 x 20-30 cm.

Before planting, it is important to water the seedlings well so that the pepper does not wilt. Withered pepper does not take root well, its growth is delayed, which leads to the dropping of the first buds. So the early harvest is lost.

If the weather is hot, it is best to plant in the evening. In gloomy weather, morning disembarkation is recommended.

Prepare the holes for planting and water. It is recommended to pour up to two liters of water (at least a liter) into each hole, which should be heated in the sun. The seedlings are planted deeper than they were planted in pots, like seedlings. On the stalk covered with earth, adventitious roots are formed that can feed the plant.

Pepper seedlings are planted in the holes, while ensuring sufficient watering

How to water bell peppers properly?

Sweet pepper seedlings require special care.

In order for the seedling to take root faster, it is necessary to water the root every 2-3 days. For one seedling, 1-2 liters of water are consumed. If the weather is hot, water it every day. Seven days later, the seedlings are checked and where the pepper has died, a new sprout is planted from the reserve. Reduce the amount of watering. This is called "thin" watering. It is important not to harm the plants with abundant watering. How to determine the water requirement of a vegetable? If the plant darkens, this is a sign that water is needed. Prolonged wilting of the plant should not be allowed. If the leaves are withered in the heat, this is not a reason for watering.

When the fruits ripen, watering is done once every 5-6 days. In the heat, watered in the morning or evening hours.

Watering young peppers should be regular

When to loosen the soil?

Sweet peppers grow comfortably in loosened ground. It should not be brought to the appearance of an earthen crust.

What is the use of loosening the soil?

• Air flow to the root is improved.
• The plant grows faster.
• The functioning of microorganisms is stimulated.

By weeding the ground, weeds are being fought.

You should be aware of the slow growth of pepper in the first 10-14 days, because the rhizome is strengthened and the soil does not need to be loosened.

The first loosening of the earth is done after the first "thin" watering. The root system is in the upper ball of the earth, so the loosening will be shallow, at a level of 5-10 cm.

If the soil is heavy, the first time it is allowed to loosen the soil deeper, destroying the soil crust. This way the soil warms up and ventilates better.

Further, loosening is carried out after each rain or watering, when the earth is dry, but there is still no crust.

Hilling is carried out during flowering.

Loosening the soil around the peppers should be done regularly.

Feeding

Pepper care will not bring the desired harvest if not fed.

Seedlings are well fertilized with nettle dressing. To do this, combine nettle with water, in a ratio of 1:10 and insist for two days. The last time the seedlings are fed 2 days before planting, increasing the dosage of fertilizers with potassium (7 g per 1 liter of liquid).

At least three dressings are done per season. The first time during the first plowing (after disembarkation in two weeks). Fertilize with slurry from manure, poultry droppings, mixing with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers or wood ash.

Manure is diluted with water in a ratio of 1: 4, bird droppings are diluted 1:10. It is good to alternate the chicken afterbirth with nitrophos (1 tablespoon per bucket of liquid).

It is effective to add 40-60 g of superphosphate and potassium chloride to a solution of organic fertilizer (manure, droppings) up to 20 g or wood ash in the amount of 150-200 g.

Mineral fertilizers are also used. To do this, add the following substances to 10 liters of water:

• ammonium nitrate - 15-20 g;
• superphosphate - 40-60 g;
• potassium chloride - 15-20 g.

This dressing is used for 8-10 seedlings.

During the formation of fruits, the need for pepper nutrition increases. At this stage, the third feeding is carried out. And the second time they feed at the beginning of fruiting, with an increase in the dose of ammonium nitrate.

If the fruits of the culture ripen small, they are fed for the fourth time.

It is important to know that when caring for peppers, they use fertilizing without chlorine or with a very small percentage. Pepper does not tolerate chlorine. But there is a good substitute for potassium chloride - this is ash from a tree.

Superphosphate is one of the main fertilizers for pepper

How to protect peppers from frost?

Having planted pepper, you need to know how to protect the crop from frost and damage. Caring for the culture at the time of frost, forces ingenuity.

Tents are built from scrap materials (pieces of wood, cardboard, fabric, etc.). They are made in the evening and removed in the morning. But when the cold snap lasts a long time, it is advisable to use a film.

Flowers and ovary fall off often.All due to the unfavorable temperature conditions for the vegetable (low or very high temperature). Growth stops at + 8-10 degrees. But if there is a heat of 30-35 degrees for several days, the buds also fall off.

The consequence of untimely watering is a lack of moisture. Dry soil also reduces crop growth.

Pepper cannot be shaded. In insufficient light, especially during a cold snap, flowers and ovary also fall off.

Bell pepper flowers may fall off due to lack of sunshine

Features of the care of bell pepper

There are some subtleties of caring for peppers, in order to better yield:

1. It is imperative to pinch the pepper - removing the side and bottom stepsons. But in hot and dry weather, pinching is not recommended. Leaves protect the soil from evaporation. Professionals suggest, in order to increase the yield, to cut off the central flower, which has grown from the first branch.
2. During the growing season, long shoots are cut off a little so that there is no shading of other branches.
3. Remove plant branches below the main branch and internal branches. Pruning is carried out every 10 days.
4. Pollinating insects are useful for sweet peppers. They are attracted by spraying the plant, during the flowering period with a solution of sugar (100 g of sugar and 2 g of boric acid are diluted in 1 liter of hot water).
5. Applying mulching of pepper with rotted straw (up to 10 cm of a layer), the frequency of watering will decrease.
6. When leaving, it is important to tie up the crop immediately after hilling and mulching.

Mulching Pepper Helps Reduce Watering Frequency

Pest control

Pepper is sensitive to diseases, therefore it requires special care.

But most pepper suffers from pests (scoop, whitefly, aphid, Colorado potato beetle, bear, slugs).

So that the plant is not damaged, pollination is carried out with wood ash (three times per season). To fight aphids, you can use a solution of serum with water (0.5 liters of serum per bucket of liquid). And sprinkle the leaves with wood ash on top.

With all the tips in mind, you can grow a great sweet pepper crop.

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Conditions for growing sweet peppers

Growing sweet pepper in the photo

Of all the variety of types of pepper in the culture, the most common pepper is annual, or capsicum. It is to this species that the so-called sweet (or bulgarian) pepper, widely known and popular among amateur gardeners, belongs.

There are two groups of pepper varieties - vegetable and spicy (hot). In the former, the fruits are used unripe as a vegetable, in the latter they are very spicy and used as a spice.

Pepper fruits are very different in shape - from rounded to elongated-cone-shaped with a two-, four-chambered middle. In technical ripeness (before the seeds ripen), the color of the fruit, depending on the variety, is dark green, green, light green, cream, yellow. When the seeds ripen, the fruit turns red, in some varieties - orange.

The homeland of pepper is the tropics, so it is distinguished by increased requirements for heat, moisture, soil fertility; is, along with cucumbers and tomatoes, a fruitful greenhouse crop.

In the southern regions it grows and gives a good harvest outdoors. In the central (middle) lane, it is grown in glazed greenhouses.

Pepper belongs to the nightshade family, like tomatoes and eggplants. Therefore, the agricultural technology for growing peppers and other nightshade crops is largely the same. The best predecessor in a garden bed can be cabbage, beets, carrots, radishes, radishes, cucumbers, onions, garlic and green crops.

The fruits become edible 25-45 days after flowering, at which time they are green or white in color.

Ripe green fruits are considered ripe. It doesn't make sense to wait for them to turn red - they won't taste better.

Pepper is a light-loving plant; it grows poorly in the shade. The optimum temperature for development and fruiting is + 18 ... + 25 ° С. At + 15 ... + 20 ° C, plant growth slows down, and at + 13 ° C, it stops. Prolonged cold snap negatively affects flowering and the formation of generative organs. Sharp daily temperature drops cause massive dropping of flowers and ovaries.

The culture cannot stand even short-term frosts. Plants die when the air temperature drops to -0.5 ° C. Therefore, it is necessary to create optimal conditions for growing pepper.

Sunny, warm days are necessary for pepper during the fruiting period. He also does not tolerate high humidity. At a temperature of +35 ° C, buds and flowers fall off.

Pepper plants grow slowly at the beginning of the growing season, the root system grows longer than the leaf mass. Flower buds begin to form on the plant when the fourth leaf unfolds. The ripening phase begins 15-45 days after the appearance of the first bud.

According to the technology of growing pepper in the open field, plants are not stepchild, only the first bud is removed. Fruits are formed where the stems are branching, therefore, well-developed plants with a large number of branches tend to produce more fruits.

When caring for peppers in the open field, regular watering at the root is required. Optimal soil moisture enhances fruit formation, promotes the yield of high-quality products. With a lack of moisture, the fruits become smaller, deformed, they are often affected by apical rot.

The correct technology for growing pepper does not allow mixed planting of sweet and bitter species, since cross-pollination will occur, and in appearance, sweet forms will taste bitter.

Next, you will learn how to grow a good crop of peppers using the seedling method.

Agrotechnics growing pepper: planting seeds for seedlings

The growing season for the culture is long (150-200 days). Therefore, even in the southern regions, the cultivation and care of peppers is carried out through seedlings. Growing seedlings for open ground begins in the second half of February. Sow in boxes or bowls with drainage holes.

The seeding depth when planting pepper seeds for seedlings is 1.5-2 cm. Until the seeds germinate, the crops are kept at a temperature of +25 ... + 28 ° C. After the emergence of mass shoots for a week, the crops are transferred to a cool room (+ 17 ... + 20 ° С) so that the seedlings do not stretch out. In the future, the seedlings grow at room temperature + 20 ... + 24 ° С.

Bell pepper seedlings in the photo

Seedlings dive after about 20 days into 7 x 7 cm pots, one plant at a time. Weak seedlings are discarded. The pots are filled with nutritious soil. Mineral fertilizers are not added to the soil when growing seedlings. After planting seeds for seedlings for growing peppers with a small volume of pots, plants do not need fertilizer. On the garden bed, they are brought into the hole.

When growing pepper seedlings from seeds, the seedlings are looked after in much the same way as tomato seedlings. But given that peppers begin to grow a month earlier, it is necessary to lengthen the daylight hours with the help of backlighting up to 12-14 hours.

Watch the Planting Pepper Seeds video for a better understanding of this farming technique:

How to grow a good crop of peppers outdoors

Here are some tips on how to grow peppers outdoors and get a good harvest:

• Do not use seeds purchased from a random source for sowing. The basis for obtaining high-quality seedlings, and therefore a good harvest, is high-quality seeds. Purchase seeds from specialized stores. The seed bag must clearly indicate the variety, the number of seeds and the expiration date.
• Do not sow seeds in a dense, heavy potting mix of unknown origin. The best mixture is garden soil plus store-bought seedling soil.Do not forget to water the soil in boxes first before sowing seeds, otherwise the seeds with water will be pulled deep into the soil and the germination period will be extended.
• Do not thicken the crops of seeds; always sow the rate, otherwise the plants will stretch out, be weak, and may be affected by the "black leg".
• Do not put containers with seeds on the radiator - the soil instantly dries up and the seeds that have hatched die. Crops are placed only next to the battery and must be covered with foil.
• Do not use bowls or other containers without drainage holes for seeding. Stagnant water leads to the death of seeds, as well as seedlings in the initial stage of germination.
• Do not be late with picking seedlings. For most vegetable crops, this should be done after one or two true leaves appear. After picking, the plants are watered and shaded for 1-2 days.
• Remember to harden the seedlings before planting them in their permanent place. 7-10 days before planting plants, containers with seedlings are taken out for 2-3 hours on loggias, verandas, windows in the room are opened. The time spent for seedlings in the open air is gradually increased. Seedlings are planted in the evening or in cloudy weather.

The video "Growing pepper with seedlings" shows how to plant seeds and care for seedlings correctly:

Planting sweet pepper seedlings in open ground

Planting pepper seedlings in open ground is carried out at the age of 55-60 days. By the time of planting, it should be strong, have a height of 16-20 cm, 8-10 developed leaves, buds and form a well-developed root.

Seedlings are planted in double rows (ribbons) with a distance of 60 cm between ribbons, 30 cm between rows and 20 cm between plants.Wide aisles are made for passage during harvesting and plant care, and grooves are made in narrow ones for irrigation.

Low-growing varieties of this culture can be planted thicker, tall ones - to give more distance. The main thing is that adult plants should be closed with crowns.

When planting in open ground, pepper seedlings are not buried, since no additional roots are formed above the root collar on the stem, as in eggplant. Buried plants grow poorly and do not give a good harvest. For the same reason, growing peppers never huddle.

Proper care of sweet peppers in the open field: watering and feeding

When caring for peppers, you need top dressing and regular watering.

Watering. From an early age and throughout the growing season, pepper needs frequent watering and the obligatory loosening of the soil after each watering or rain.

Excess moisture, like its lack, is contraindicated in pepper. Excessive watering reduces air access to the roots, leaves turn pale green and plants wither.

Insufficient watering of sweet peppers inhibits the growth of plants, leading to the shedding of flowers, ovaries and the formation of small fruits. The frequency of watering depends on the weather conditions and the phase of plant development, but generally at least 1-2 times a week.

Correct watering of the pepper is carried out only with warm water. From wells and wells, water for irrigation must be preheated in the sun in containers for 2-3 days.

Fertilizing and feeding. Pepper needs fertile soil. It grows successfully on light loamy and black soil, well supplied with nutrients, including nitrogen. Solonetzic and heavy loamy soils are not suitable for pepper.

Peppers, like tomatoes, need phosphorus. He needs both organic and mineral fertilizers. For feeding peppers in the open field when planting seedlings, a tablespoon of superphosphate is added to each hole in a mixture with humus or just with earth.

During the period of budding, flowering and fruiting, every two weeks they give fertilizing with complex water-soluble fertilizers ("Sudarushka", "Agrolux", "Aquarin", "Solution" or "Zdraven", etc.). They are alternated with organic fertilizers.

In the second half of summer and autumn, sweet pepper is fed by "Kaliyphos".

Harvesting is carried out selectively when the fruits reach consumer (technical) maturity (green). Collection - weekly, preventing the formation of seeds in them, as this will slow down the appearance of new ovaries. Remove the fruits carefully with both hands, so as not to break off the plant shoots with the pepper.

The video "Growing Pepper" demonstrates how to properly water and fertilize a crop:

Pests and diseases of pepper: photos and control measures

In this section of the article, you will learn about pests and diseases of pepper, as well as measures to combat them in your personal plot.

Stolbur (small-leaved) pepper leaves in the photo

Stolbur (small-leaved) - a viral disease is manifested by chlorotic leaf color, internodes are shortened. The leaves then wither, droop and fall off. Stolbur is not tolerated either with the juice of a diseased plant or with seeds. The leafhopper is the main vector of the disease.

Planting high-quality seedlings in the ground, systematic watering followed by loosening the soil, and weed control are the basis for the prevention of this disease.

Top rot of peppers in the photo

Top rot - a disease of a physiological nature. It manifests itself at high temperatures and low relative humidity.

Regular even watering. Root and foliar dressing with calcium nitrate, as well as superphosphate during the period of intensive fruit growth, allows you to get a full harvest.

Black bacterial spot of pepper in the photo

Black bacterial speck of pepper. Not only fruits are affected, but also leaves and stems. On the leaves, the spots are small, at first watery, and then blackening, the tissue around the spots turns yellow. The disease is transmitted with seeds and plant debris. Preventive spraying with a copper-containing preparation "Abiga-Peak", starting from seedlings, allows you to get healthy fruits of pepper.

During the harvest season, to contain the spread of the disease, use the biological preparation "Gamair", which has a therapeutic effect.

Fusarium wilting of peppers in the photo

Fusarium wilting. Symptoms first appear as slight yellowing of the leaves and wilting of the upper leaves. As wilting progresses, the leaves may turn dull green to brown in color and remain on the plant. When the stem or roots are cut, reddish-brown streaks are visible in the conductive tissues. Diseased plants must be removed.

Look at a selection of photos "Diseases of pepper and measures to combat them":

Spider mite. In the steppe zone, pepper plants are often colonized by spider mites. When a pest appears, treat the plants with Iskra-M or Fufanon. If the crop is on its way, use Tuoeum Jet, colloidal sulfur or Bitoxibacillin.

Aphid. This pest can also create problems when growing a crop. To fight, use the "Iskra Zolotaya" or "Confidor", "Commander" with a waiting period of at least 20 days. During the harvest period - Fitoverm, Iskra Bio, Akarin (waiting period 2-3 days).

Here you can see photos of diseases and pests of photos that threaten the crop:

Below you can read the description of the varieties of peppers, suitable for growing in the open field, and see their photos.

The best varieties of sweet peppers for open ground: photo and description

Traditional sweet peppers combine excellent fruit set, large fruit size and excellent taste. They differ in ripening period, fruit color, their weight up to 200 g, with a fleshy, juicy wall. They are characterized by a friendly return of the harvest.

These varieties include:

"Gift of Moldova",

"Martin",

"Belozerka",

"Winnie the Pooh",

"Venti",

"Caramel",

"Golden Jubilee"

"Yaroslav",

"Alesha Popovich".

Early ripe sweet pepper hybrids.

Latino F1 - from germination to technical ripeness of fruits 97-110 days. Plants up to 100 cm high. The fruits of this variety of pepper for open ground are cuboid, 3-4-chambered.In technical ripeness it is dark green, in biological it is bright red.

"Peresvet" F1 - from germination to technical ripeness 92-105 days, to biological - 120-135. The plant is medium-sized, 50-60 cm high, compact, standard.

"Sonata" F1 - from germination to technical ripeness 95-100 days. The plant is up to 100 cm high. The fruit is cuboid, 3-4-celled, glossy, dark green in technical ripeness, bright red in biological ripeness, weighing 180-200 g.

"Orange Miracle" F1... Hybrid for open and protected ground (100-110 days) Plants 90-110 cm high. Fruits are large, cuboid, bright orange in color.

"Jubilee Semko" F1 - hybrid for open and protected ground (90-100 days). The plant is a standard plant, medium-sized, 50-60 cm high, compact, slightly spreading and low-leafed. Fruits are light green in technical ripeness and red in biological ripeness.

Montero F1 - 90-108 days pass from germination to technical ripeness of fruits. The fruits are long, prismatic, green in technical ripeness, and bright red in biological ripeness.

"Snowfall" F1 - fruits are cone-shaped, up to 15 cm long, creamy white at the technical stage, red at the biological stage.

High yields also yield hybrids

"Grenada",

Sevilla,

"United" with large cuboid fruits.

Among the best varieties of pepper, a special mixture of Siesta hybrids is distinguished.

Original color sweet pepper hybrids:

"Cardinal" F1 with large purple cuboid fruits.

Aries F1 - with large dark red fruits weighing up to 300 g, prism-shaped.

Fidelio F1 - with silvery white fruits.

Large-fruited sweet pepper hybrids include:

"Russian size" F1... Giants over 20 cm long grow without much additional effort.

"Yellow Bull-NK" F1 - fruits are elongated, large, up to 200 g, 9 × 20 cm in size, consist of 3-4 lobes, green, when ripe they are yellow.

"Red bull-NK" F1 - fruits are large, weighing up to 200 g, elongated shape 8 x 20 cm, consist of 3-4 lobes, light green, when ripe - red.

"Black Bull-NK" F1 - differs in a defiant brilliant black color. Fruits weighing up to 400 g.

Indalo F1 - mid-early hybrid. From germination to technical ripeness of fruits 110-120 days. Plants 110-120 cm high. This is one of the best varieties of sweet peppers with large cuboid fruits, beautiful bright yellow color, weighing 280-300 g. Wall thickness up to 10 mm.

Flamenco F1 - early maturing, high-yielding. The variety has cuboid, thick-walled fruits measuring 10 x 14 cm, consisting of 3-4 lobes. Fruits are light green in color; when ripe, they acquire an intensely bright red color. The variety is suitable for various types of indoor and outdoor ground.

Such hybrids also deserve attention: Minotaur F1, Sevilla F1, Athena F1, Flamenco F1.

Check out the best varieties of pepper in the photos below:

Using sweet peppers

The authority of pepper as a food and medicinal plant is high. Its beneficial effect on the human body is explained by the richness of its vitamin composition.

In terms of vitamin C content, sweet pepper ranks first among vegetable crops. Its fruits in technical ripeness contain 100-150 mg% of vitamin C per 100 g of fresh weight, and in biological ripeness - 250-480 mg%. Vitamin P (rutin) gives a special value to pepper, its fruits are 70-380 mg% per 100 g of raw weight. Contains sweet peppers and vitamin A - 0.5-16 mg%. It contains from 2 to 6% sugars and starch, about 1.5% proteins, fat, fiber, ash compounds.

Sweet pepper contains carotene, valuable for the body (red pepper is especially rich in it), vitamins B1, B2, E, PP, as well as minerals, including sodium and potassium. It is also rich in glucose, fructose, useful organic acids and mineral salts.

The use of all varieties of sweet peppers in food is permissible at the onset of technical ripeness. These are already fully formed fruits of at least 6-8 cm, with thick fleshy walls, light green or green in color and with a characteristic peppery aroma.

Red, yellow, orange, pinky yellow, black, lilac or green peppers are great in all varieties. Fresh fruits decorate dishes with bright colorful colors, taste and aroma. You can also use pepper leaves in the preparation of soups, green cabbage soup, borscht.They contain vitamin C.

Bell peppers are eaten raw, fried, baked, stuffed, pickled, pickled and even dried. Ripe fruits can be chopped and dried. The dried fruits of this culture and the powder from them are a vitamin product used as a seasoning for main dishes and for making sauces.

Bell peppers can also be kept fresh. To do this, the fruits are cut carefully together with the stalk. Each fruit is wrapped in paper, placed in a cardboard box in 1-2 layers, placed on a shelf in a dry cellar. The fruits harvested at the stage of technical ripeness gradually ripen, and their vitamin C content increases.

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One of the most common crops grown by almost every summer resident is sweet pepper. And there are several reasons for universal love:

1. FirstlyThis tasty and healthy vegetable is versatile. It can be sliced ​​fresh into salads, or even prepared as a separate dish.
2. Secondly, pepper is easy and simple to grow if you know a few basic principles of how to do it right.

In order for a culture to feel comfortable, you need to look a little into history. This will help you find out what conditions are necessary for good fruiting, both in the open field and in the greenhouse.

The homeland of sweet pepper is South America. This means that this plant is best suited for approximately the same climate: warm and not arid.

If it is still cool in the greenhouse, it is worth installing a heater. And remove excess moisture by airing.

Open ground pleases the plant with warmth, but watering is necessary for good growth. These are the basic rules. But there are subtleties of pepper care that every summer resident should know.

How to grow a good harvest of pepper outdoors?

A good harvest of peppers is no coincidence. Effort with knowledge is required. So, for example, the rate of ripening of the fruit and the peculiarities of caring for it will depend on the choice of the variety. The time of sowing the seeds and the time of planting a young plant in the ground will depend on the variety.

Let's divide the whole process of growing pepper into several stages:

1. Soil and seed preparation.
2. Growing pepper seedlings from seeds.
3. Plant care.
4. Diseases and pests.

First stage

It all starts with preparing the seeds. What does this include? There are several technologies for processing seed material.

• One of them is to soak the seeds in hot water (water temperature from 40 degrees and above) for 4-6 hours. After that, the seeds are placed in a damp cloth in a heated room for 2 days.
• Another way is to dress the seeds in a weak solution of potassium permanganate for 15-20 minutes. Then they must be rinsed and placed in a growth stimulant solution for 12 hours. After that, the seeds are washed and placed in a damp cloth for a couple of days.
• Land preparation. If ready-made soil is sold for sowing seeds. Then for planting seedlings after a pick and for growing peppers in the open field, you need to take care that the earth is loose and light, well fertilized. To do this, add humus and sand to the soil, in a ratio of 2 to 1. You can add ash.
• Soil preparation also includes site selection. This should be a bright place, protected from drafts. It is advisable to fertilize the earth with superphosphate (40-50 g), rotted manure (about 10 kg) and wood ash (up to 100 g) since autumn. These figures are per 1m² of soil.

Second phase

Considering that pepper seeds germinate for a long time, within two weeks, they should be planted in advance in containers in order to first grow seedlings.

The approximate dates when it is better to do this is the end of January, the beginning of February, depending on the variety and on where the young plants will be planted: in open or closed ground.

Sowing seeds:

• the soil is pre-treated with a weak solution of potassium permanganate;
• the box should be at the bottom with holes;
• the distance between the seeds is 2 cm;
• after disembarking, cover the box with foil or glass, put it in a dark, warm place;
• the box is put into the light with the appearance of the first shoots;
• water only when the soil dries out;
• pour with lukewarm water;
• dive with the appearance of two true leaves.

You can sow pepper seeds in separate pots, then you don't have to transplant it, which the plant will really like.

Stage Three

About 100 days pass, and the seedlings are ready for resettlement. Mid or late May is great for this. The soil then warms up well, and the plant is less sick. If the climate for heat-loving peppers is not quite suitable, this problem can be easily solved by constructing tall beds for the plant.

The seedlings themselves, and the beds for pepper prepared by that time, should be watered abundantly. The water must be warm! The distance between bushes and beds should not be less than 40-60 cm.

What does it take to take proper care of your plants? There is a simple rule of four "Ps":

1. Top dressing.
2. Watering.
3. Weeding.
4. Garter.

Here are some tips for caring for peppers:

1. Top dressing. During the growth and development of the plant (growing season), the pepper must be fed 3-4 times. This can be done both with specially prepared commercially available products, or by preparing the fertilizer yourself.
   • The seedlings are fed for the first time 10-14 days after planting in open ground. For 10-12 liters of water, 1 liter of manure is taken.
   • Second dressing before flowering. Potassium humate is diluted with 10 liters of water, 2 tbsp is added. double superphosphate (it can be pre-crushed).
   • For the third time, the pepper is fed with wood ash or superphosphate (it is possible in combination). A glass of ash (or 2 tablespoons of superphosphate) is filled with water and infused in the sun for 2 days. This feeding is carried out two weeks after the last fertilization of the plants.
     Nettle is an excellent universal fertilizer. Cut the nettle, put it in a bucket and pour 1 to 10 warm water. Insist for 2 or 3 days. Fertilizer is ready.
2. Watering. This plant loves moisture, but not waterlogging. Therefore, it is worth watering the pepper only if the soil is dry. The water must be warm!
3. Weeding. Light, fluffy soil is a prerequisite for good pepper growth. To do this, the land must be plowed up regularly.
4. Garter. Not only high varieties of peppers need support, but also those that delight gardeners with a good harvest. To do this, so as not to injure the roots of the plant later, even when planting seedlings, a support is buried next to the bush.

Pepper care when problems arise

Diseases and pests that harm pepper:

• late blight;
• blackleg;
• white rot;
• black bacterial spot;
• aphid;
• whitefly;
• bear;
• slugs;
• Colorado beetle.

If the "black leg" is easy to prevent, using good soil, avoiding waterlogging, and watering it only with warm water, then from such a disease as late blight, the most effective method will be prevention. For this, it was necessary to dress the seeds before planting. And with the arrival of night coolness and rains, the plants should be covered at night. Spraying with onion peel infusion is also useful.

For insects such as the Colorado potato beetle and the bear, experienced summer residents use special preparations and herbal infusions: tansy, garlic, yarrow, wormwood.

Pollination with wood ash will help protect the plant from pests. Aphids can be defeated with serum mixed with water (1.5 liters per bucket of water).

Tips for growing peppers in a greenhouse

Many summer residents prefer to grow heat-loving peppers in a greenhouse. But here, too, there are some points that you need to know and be prepared for. For example:

• In order for the cultivation of pepper in a greenhouse to bring only positive results, you need to carefully consider the choice of variety. Not every variety of pepper can do insect-free pollination. But in this case, you can try artificial pollination using an ordinary soft brush.
• Usually the soil in greenhouses is depleted from more frequent use. So, you need to take care of fertilizing it or replacing the top layer (20-25 cm) of the soil.
• Pesticides and fertilizers are best used those that are suitable for greenhouses. Most often, there is a special mark on their packaging.
• To combat pests that find comfortable conditions in the greenhouse, it is necessary to spray the pepper with Fitosporin once a month.
• If the pepper is planted in the greenhouse in spring or autumn, then it is best to warm up the air in it.
• It is imperative to ventilate the greenhouse to avoid too high temperatures and high (almost 100%) humidity. If you cannot regularly ventilate the greenhouse, you can equip it with artificial ventilation.

Having learned how to properly grow peppers in a greenhouse, and taking the necessary actions, you can ensure that the plants are healthy and the yields are high.

Seedlings for greenhouses and for open field are grown according to the same principles. Three points are important for this: the pots of plants must be kept warm; make sure that the earth does not dry out and is not too wet; the soil should be lush and light. Sand, humus, undecomposed organic matter give the soil looseness.

Seedlings can be transplanted into the greenhouse earlier than in open ground. At the same time, experienced summer residents are advised to do this carefully, so that the roots of the young bush are completely immersed in the planting hole, without bending or twisting.

There are few rules for growing peppers in the open field, they are all easy to follow. If you follow them, you can get an excellent harvest.

Here are some helpful tips for growing peppers productively outdoors:

• To attract insects during flowering, the plant can be sprayed with sweetened water.
• Pepper is easily pollinated. Therefore, you should not plant different varieties of it close to each other.
• The plot that is planned to be given for pepper is carefully selected. In order to avoid plant diseases and for a good harvest, in no case should representatives of table root crops, pumpkin and legumes be the predecessors of pepper.
• It is imperative to harden the plant for their better acclimatization. To do this, 10 days before planting in open ground, it is necessary to take out the seedlings to fresh air. Starting from 10-15 minutes, it is necessary to gradually increase the residence time of the plants.
• If frost hits unexpectedly, the pepper plants can be saved. To do this, you need to water the soil well. Or insulate the plants with foil, paper, lutrasil. You can put plastic bottles with a cut off bottom on the bushes.

Over time, each summer resident gains his own experience. This helps him to expend less energy for good results.

Read also: when to sow peppers for seedlings?

Growing pepper in a greenhouse in the country - video

Perhaps,

bell pepper

belongs to the most common vegetables among domestic gardeners. It is actively planted both in open ground and in greenhouses. Caring for him cannot be called scrupulous, however, some basic principles and agrotechnical features still need to be considered in more detail. By being ready for the process of growing bell peppers at home, you can achieve visible results.

Land preparation

Very often, it is the choice of the optimal land plot for planting bell peppers that becomes a whole problem. Many farmers believe that a vegetable garden is also suitable for this purpose: the land is regularly fertilized, while it is rather loose. However, there is one significant drawback.As a rule, a vegetable garden is an open area, there are constantly blowing winds, and there is no way to protect the plants from it. These conditions are not considered optimal in the case of bell peppers. Therefore, try to plant this vegetable in a place protected from strong drafts. It is also very important that it is well lit.

Before planting bell peppers in the open field, you should carry out some soil preparation procedures. What exactly does the farmer need to do:

• it is necessary to prepare for planting this culture, however, like most vegetables and root crops, in the fall. To do this, the land in the garden or garden plot is plowed and then loosened. The final stage of the autumn soil preparation is its fertilizing with mineral fertilizers. In particular, it is worth paying attention to mixtures containing potassium and phosphorus - these are the substances that are most necessary for pepper;
• in the spring, before you start planting vegetables, it is worth re-feeding the soil. Ammonium nitrate is added to the soil at the rate of 40 g per square meter;
• the final stage of soil preparation is saturation with a solution of copper sulfate. It is necessary to add 1 tbsp. l. of this substance in a bucket of water.

It is recommended that you pay attention to one more nuance before you finally plant a pepper in your garden. Let's say you want to breed several varieties of pepper at once. In this case, it is better to plant the sprouts away from each other. The thing is that this crop can get dusty during the ripening process. There is a risk that as a result you will not get the result you expected. However, there is a way out of the situation. Divide your home plantation of several varieties of peppers with taller plants (corn, tomatoes, or sunflowers). Thus, you can easily grow several varieties of bell peppers in the garden at once.

Video "Growing and caring for pepper"

From the video you will learn how to properly grow and care for peppers.

Top dressing of seedlings

It is necessary to feed the pepper, but you need to clearly understand what kind of soil you are dealing with. Your choice of fertilizers should also depend on its features. Let's say you decide to plant a pepper in a greenhouse and take in the usual garden land. In this case, be prepared for the fact that it will be necessary to recharge the soil every 10 days. If you approached this issue more thoroughly, using a specially prepared earthen mixture for planting bell pepper seedlings in it, it will be enough in the future to carry out no more than three stages of fertilization.

How do experienced gardeners-gardeners get out of the situation?

Many people prefer exclusively natural feeding. Shallow trenches are dug between the rows with seedlings, into which manure or bird droppings are poured. When can this kind of procedure be carried out? It is advisable to do this after 2-3 leaves bloom on the sprouts. When the seedlings of bell pepper grows noticeably, it must be dived, and after that, the next stage of fertilizing the soil is carried out. You can use both special complex mixtures and dry ash or compost tea.

Top dressing after planting

You can endlessly determine the optimal place for planting bell peppers. But your efforts to grow a bountiful harvest of peppers shouldn't end there. Particular attention should be paid to regular fertilization of the soil with mineral fertilizers. Moreover, this must be done not once, but during the development of the plant, ripening the fruits. What kind of fertilizers are suitable for bell pepper, and in what proportions should they be added to the soil?

Among the variety of modern fertilizers, urea and phosphates are most distinguished for this agricultural crop. But that's not all.

Today, many summer residents use potash and phosphorus fertilizers for feeding, as well as folk remedies (cow dung or bird droppings). It is best to feed the pepper with natural mixtures.

For example, cow dung is recommended to be diluted with water in a ratio of 1:10. As for poultry droppings, the proportions here are 1:12. These types of dressings are considered the most versatile for bell peppers.

If you prefer to feed a vegetable plant as a preventive measure for diseases and in order to strengthen the vegetative part of agriculture, you can safely use universal fertilizers. However, if for some reason you did not feed the soil in advance, or did it, but noticed certain deterioration in the appearance of the bell pepper seedlings, you must act immediately. First, identify the problem and then quickly fix it. For example, if your plant is not sufficiently saturated with nitrogen, over time, the vegetative mass begins to turn yellow. In the case when burns appear on the edges of the leaves of seedlings, the cause is in most cases a deficiency of potassium in the soil. It happens that the bell pepper bushes acquire a purple hue: this means that it is necessary to apply phosphorus fertilizers to the substrate.

Stimulation of fruiting

In order to prevent the occurrence of such problems, it is worth supporting the seedlings at all stages of their development. For this, there are universal natural fertilizers, among which nettle tea stands out. How to cook it? It is necessary to grind the stems of this plant, and then fill them with some barrel or container (about 2/3). The greens are filled with water. It is advisable to leave the resulting mixture in a dark place for effective fermentation. At the end of the process, and it will take about a week, the solution is used to fertilize the soil, before diluting it with water in a ratio of 1:10. If you wish, you can feed the soil to obtain a more generous yield of bell pepper using a high concentration of nettle solution. To do this, you need to add dandelion, woodlice, plantain and other herbal plants to it.

Stimulating fruiting is a good thing, however, it is undesirable to overdo it with it. With excessively large amounts of fertilizer and too frequent feeding, the branchy part of the bell pepper can become stiff. In addition, sometimes you can get the opposite result: when the soil is oversaturated with fertilizers, the fruits grow almost empty inside, falling off long before the end of the ripening period.

Watering features

Outdoor varieties of bell peppers do not require too much maintenance. However, with regard to moisturizing, oversights in this matter are unacceptable, as they can cost you dearly. Interestingly, it is recommended to water the pepper seedlings regularly, it is impossible for the soil to dry out. But it is also not worth breeding excessive dampness.

What rules should be followed about watering pepper:

• after planting seedlings in open ground, it is undesirable to water it immediately. It is necessary to give her a few days to adapt and only after that carry out the first phase of watering. Next, try to observe the established intervals until the seedlings begin to actively sprout;
• as soon as the sprouts are green, it is recommended to water them daily;
• be sure to use warm and pre-settled water for irrigation - non-observance of such recommendations is fraught with the occurrence of diseases in the plant;
• it is important that water does not fall directly on the leaves of the pepper;
• drainage must be present at the bottom of the seedling container. Thus, excess moisture will evaporate in a timely manner.

If you follow the key recommendations, the bell pepper harvest will certainly delight you. In addition, caring for him does not require huge investments and efforts.

Video "Growing pepper in a greenhouse"

From the video you will learn how to effectively grow peppers in a greenhouse.