How to properly grow grapes in the suburbs?

Today grapes are cultivated in many regions of Russia, including the Moscow region. Local cultivation has some advantages: local conditions prevent many diseases from manifesting themselves, and pests are not so active. Together with a large selection of varieties, grapes near Moscow are no more difficult to cultivate than in warmer regions of the country.

Is it possible to grow grapes in the Moscow region

Grapes are considered a heat-loving crop and many gardeners think that they can be grown exclusively in the south, but in reality this is not the case. Its cultivation is also possible in the middle lane and the Moscow region, of course, taking into account some nuances. If earlier grapes in these regions were planted exclusively as an ornamental shrub to decorate gazebos, to obtain arches, today, thanks to the work of breeders, there are early and very early varieties. As a result, it is possible to get normally ripe bunches and a vine prepared for winter.

Despite the fact that grapes are considered a heat-loving culture, today they can be successfully cultivated even in the Moscow region.

Planting grapes in the suburbs

Before you start planting grapes, you need to consider in more detail a number of important points, without the knowledge of which you will hardly be able to achieve good results.

Site selection

The grapes must be planted in areas that are well lit and sheltered from the wind. An excellent option would be to land near the southern side of a building, while you need to retreat from the wall about a meter. Small and closed areas are not very suitable for this purpose. On them, the ground warms up for a long time, the snow melts slowly. Planting grapes is best done on loamy and sandy soils.

It is best to plant grapes near the southern side of a building, stepping back about 1 m from the wall

If clay prevails on the site, then when preparing the pit for planting, it will be necessary to make a drainage layer in the form of broken brick or crushed stone.

Variety selection

For the Moscow region, it is advisable to choose varieties with a short growing season (100–120 days). There is a misconception that in the middle lane it is possible to get only sour and small grapes. However, there are many table varieties that are successfully cultivated in the Moscow region, have large and pleasant-tasting fruits, and also form a large bunch. At the same time, there are early and ultra-early varieties that are not suitable for the region under consideration, since they are very demanding on heat during the growing season. Such grapes do not have time to ripen the fruit buds, so the harvest for the next year cannot be obtained.

One of the important factors for the successful cultivation of grapes in the Moscow region is the correct choice of the variety.

The following varieties are very popular among winegrowers: Radiant Kishmish, Muscat Pleven, Severny Early, Michurinsky, Summer Muscat, Arcadia, Zagadka Sharova, Kesha, Kodryanka, Krasa Nikopol, Muromets. The advantage of these varieties is not only early ripening, but also high resistance to frost. In the Moscow region, you can plant mid-season varieties and even count on a decent harvest, but only in hot summer. If the average temperature during the day is low, then the berries may simply not ripen. As for the mid-late and late-ripening varieties, they are not grown in this region.

Alternatively, you can consider planting mid-late varieties in greenhouse conditions.

Landing dates

Grapes in the Moscow region can be planted both in early spring and in autumn until the frost sets in. In the spring, planting can be carried out with lignified cuttings or green annual seedlings. If the second variant of the planting material is used, then the planting must be carried out carefully, since at this time the roots of the plants are rather fragile. They start planting seedlings at a time when the earth warms up to + 10˚С. It is also worth considering that the ground should not be too wet. Too delay with planting is not worth it, because at a later date, the seedlings develop more slowly.

Annual grapes are planted in the fall. The material used for planting must be healthy, without any damage or signs of disease. In autumn, grapes are planted in the Moscow region in mid-October.

Landing pit

In addition to choosing a place, it is necessary to properly prepare a planting pit for planting grape seedlings. Its dimensions should be as follows: 1.5 * 1.5 m and a depth of 30–45 cm. When the hole is dug, 4–5 buckets of compost, 3-4 buckets of sand and a shovel of wood ash are introduced into it, after which all components are carefully mix.

When preparing a planting pit for grapes, organic fertilizers, sand and ash are applied

Preparation of seedlings

The procedure for preparing planting material for planting is reduced to trimming the roots. Their length should be about 15-18 cm. The day before planting, the seedlings are soaked in a bucket of water to saturate with moisture.

Planting seedlings

When the preparatory activities are completed, you can start planting work. First, consider planting a lignified seedling. To do this, perform the following steps:

1. In the center of the planting pit, a small hole is made up to 40 cm deep and about 30 cm wide.
2. Pour 1-2 buckets of water and make a hill out of the ground.

   1-2 buckets of water are poured into the planting pit under the grapes, after which they make a mound of earth

3. Place the seedling on a mound, spreading the roots.

   When planting a grape seedling in a pit, the root system is evenly distributed

4. The upper bud on the shoot is located 5–8 cm below ground level. If the seedling is long, it is planted at an angle.
5. The roots are covered with earth and a small depression is made in the soil around the seedling.

   The roots of the seedling are covered with earth, after which depressions are made for watering

6. Watering is done and the plant is covered with a cut plastic bottle with an unscrewed cap.

   After planting, the stalk is covered with a plastic bottle for better soil warming.

The bottle is installed for additional warming of the soil, better rooting and quick awakening of the buds.

In order for the ground in the root zone to warm up better, a black film can be sent around the seedlings. If green annual plants are used for planting, that is, already with leaves, then they are planted at the same depth as lignified ones. The seedling is removed from the planting container, placed in a pit and covered with earth. Otherwise, all actions are similar to the previous method.

Video: planting grape seedlings

Features of growing and caring for grapes in the Moscow region

Growing grapes in the open ground of the Moscow region implies sheltering the vine for the winter, forming, timely feeding and watering. For an annual harvest, you should adhere to the following rules:

• use winter-hardy and early maturing varieties for planting;
• planting crops must be carried out near fences and other structures that will protect young plantations from the winds;
• during development, the grape bush should receive nutrition in the form of potash and phosphorus fertilizers;
• in the fall, grapes must be cut off;
• for the winter, the shrub is covered with any available materials.

Shaping and pruning

Pruning grapes is the most difficult for novice gardeners. In fact, the procedure is not as complicated as it seems. The formation of grape bushes in the Moscow region begins in the second year after planting. Experienced growers do not recommend pruning the crop in the first year. The only thing that is given attention is tying if the vine falls to the ground.

Depending on the chosen scheme for the formation of the grape bush, pruning is done accordingly.

Regular pruning is carried out from the second year and is performed in 2 stages. The first stage involves pruning in the autumn, while removing 2/3 of the volume expected to be removed. Before the onset of cold weather, do not cut too much to exclude freezing of the shrub. The second stage takes place in the spring. In this case, sick, frozen, weak and damaged shoots are subject to removal. Vine growth needs to be regulated from the outset. Otherwise, the shoots will not develop correctly, which will lead to a decrease in yield.

After fruiting, the vine is cut into a fruit link: at the top is a replacement knot, at the bottom is a fruit arrow

The simplest way to form grapes, which is suitable for cold regions, is carried out according to the Guyot scheme:

1. During the first year after planting, a strong shoot is grown. Cut it in the fall, leaving 2 eyes from the surface of the earth.
2. In the second year, 2 annual shoots grow from the eyes, which are also cut off in the fall: one remains long for the bunches, and the second is shortened to 2-3 buds.
3. In the third year, a twig and a vine will grow again from the eyes of the short process.

Video: the formation of grapes in the Moscow region

Top dressing

Grapes are a crop that responds well to fertilization, especially phosphorus and potassium. Phosphorus has a beneficial effect on the setting and formation of fruit buds. Potassium, in turn, increases the immunity of plants and ensures their growth. Nitrogen ensures the normal growth and development of the bush.

Regardless of the type of soil, manure is the most preferred fertilizer for the crop in question. This substance provides the vine with not only basic nutrients, but also microelements. Manure is introduced infrequently - once every 3 years on a bucket per 1 m² for digging. To provide the vineyard with a sufficient amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, once every 3-4 years, 50 g of superphosphate and potassium sulfate are added per 1 m².

Instead of mineral fertilizers, ash can be applied - 80–100 g for the same area.

To obtain the greatest effect from the applied fertilizers, the solutions are poured through special pipes leading to the roots of the bush.

To get the greatest effect from the introduction of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers, they must be delivered to the zone of occurrence of the main part of the roots. In this case, a nutrient solution is prepared, which is fed through special pipes. If the soil under the vineyard is poor, then nitrogen fertilizers are applied every year in early spring, as well as after flowering in the amount of 3-4 g of active ingredient per 1 m².

Watering

When growing grapes, plants need to create favorable conditions and irrigation plays an important role in this. Particular attention is paid to soil moisture during the ripening period of the crop.. It is generally accepted that the early varieties need to be watered 3 times per season, and the middle and mid-late ones - 4 times. If you look at it, then such irrigation will not be very effective. The vines need to be watered about once every 2 weeks. In this case, the amount of water should be such that the soil is saturated to a depth of 50 cm.

Spraying

Depending on which grape variety is preferred and on its resistance to diseases, it is necessary to periodically spray the bushes in order to protect against diseases. For the culture in question, the most dangerous is mildew, which leads to the appearance of light yellow spots on the leaves, passing on to the berries and causing them to rot.

Mildew is one of the most dangerous diseases for any vineyard.

For the prevention of the disease, it is necessary to remove fallen leaves for the winter and cover the grapes well, as well as timely pruning. In addition, for preventive purposes, they resort to spraying the bushes with Bordeaux liquid, and several times:

• when shoots reach a length of 20–30 cm;
• after flowering;
• 2-3 times a week until the berries ripen.

Another common grape disease is powdery mildew. In this case, dark gray formations appear on the berries and inflorescences, as a result of which the fruits dry and crack, and rot in wet weather. Mildew control is similar to mildew control. Vine bushes are also sprayed with fungicides.

Video: grape treatment for diseases

Shelter for the winter

Despite the fact that modern grape varieties are able to withstand severe frosts, their roots freeze out already at -6-12˚С. Therefore, the culture needs protection from the cold, but first of all, the vine must be prepared. After the foliage falls, the grapes are pruned, the vine is removed from the trellis and bent to the ground with metal staples. Shoots should not touch the ground, as moisture can form mold on them. For these purposes, wooden slats are placed under the vine.

Bending down the vine, put wooden slats under the branches to avoid mold.

Do not use film and foliage for these purposes, since condensation will collect under them. In the Moscow region, grapes can be covered in several ways. Consider them:

1. The earth. In this case, the vine is buried with soil, which is quite simple, but not very effective. If precipitation gets inside and the subsequent freezing, the culture can simply die.

   A simple but ineffective way to shelter grapes for the winter - with the ground

2. Lapnik. Often, winegrowers in the Moscow region use coniferous branches for shelter. Such material is good for moisture and air, but in case of warming, the earth can freeze.

   Coniferous branches are often used as a material for sheltering grapes in the Moscow region.

3. Roofing material and film. With the help of these materials, you can protect the earth from rainfall. To organize the shelter, metal arcs are installed, on top of which the covering material is laid, but first, wooden slats are placed under the vine, and sprinkled with dry needles or straw on top. If the frosts are mild, then periodic need to open and ventilate such a shelter on both sides.

   To hide grapes, a film or roofing material is often used.

4. Slate. With this method, the vine is bent to the ground, sprinkled with sawdust, dry pine needles or hay. The slate protects from precipitation and allows air to pass through.

   The slate protects the grapes from precipitation and allows air to pass through

5. Box-shaped protection. So that every year the process of hiding grapes does not take much time and does not have to think about how best to do this, you can build a wooden box and beat it with roofing material. Such a structure is made along the vine row, laying the vine there.

   Grapes for the winter can be placed in special boxes, which are placed along the grape bushes

6. Agrofibre. This material allows you to keep snow on itself and is suitable for protecting the vineyard in the snowy winter. In this case, the vine is tilted to the surface of the earth and covered with agrofibre, pressing the material along the edges with bricks or sprinkling it with earth.

   Covering grapes with agrofibre is good in a snowy winter, since the material keeps the snow on itself

Video: pruning and covering grapes

If the bushes are old, then they can be wrapped in several layers of covering material, securing it with twine.

Taking shelter in spring

At the end of March, snow is cleared from the protection of the grapes and the flow of melt water is provided. Having chosen a fine day, they remove the shelter and dry what was under it. Then the covering structure is restored: the grapes must be protected until a steady heat comes. After that, the foliage or spruce branches are removed, and the vine is left tied for about two more weeks. To protect it from frost, it can be covered with polyethylene. By the end of May, in the Moscow region, the danger of the last frosts will pass, after which you can untie the grapes, cut off dry and damaged branches.

Harvesting

The ripening and harvesting of grapes in the Moscow region falls on August-early September. Despite the fact that bunches with ripe berries can hang on the branches for about a month and the taste will not suffer from this, experienced growers recommend harvesting on time. Otherwise, berries may rot, which will serve as bait for pests.

In the Moscow region, grape harvesting begins in August and early September

Gardeners reviews

Recently, more and more gardeners in the cold regions of the country have shown interest in viticulture. A properly selected variety and properly protected for the winter, the bush is not afraid even of severe frosts. Observing the cultivation technique and taking into account some of the nuances, getting a decent harvest of grapes in the Moscow region is not as difficult as it seems at first glance.

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"Astronauts and dreamers assert that apple trees will bloom on Mars," the words of the famous song are confirmed by enthusiasts. Gardeners and scientists of the Moscow Region consider planting and caring for grapes as a promising direction. New varieties and forms of grapes are being tested, which can be grown even in Siberia. The Moscow region has become a testing ground for the promotion of grapes to the north.

Difficulties of growing grapes in the Moscow region

Since ancient times, grapes have been grown on the southern slopes in countries with warm climates. Enthusiasts gradually spread the vine northward. However, in the Moscow latitudes, the culture could not give a full harvest. There were not enough sunny days, a warm period for the ripening of the bunch. As an ornamental crop for arches, arbors, grapes have been used for a long time, but now there are varieties of super-early and early selection, allowing you to get ripe bunches and wood prepared for wintering.

Grapes are allocated a place protected from cold winds, open to sunlight. The grape bush is especially undemanding to the soil, but top dressing accelerates the development of the vine and the ripening of the berries. Whether an amateur gets a grape harvest in the Moscow region depends on many factors:

• choosing a landing site;
• choice of variety or shape;
• correct fit;
• plant care.

The grape bush is endowed with "smart" roots that will adapt to any soil, except swampy ones. In the conditions of the Moscow region, the seedling is planted with a slope to the ground, so that it can then be sheltered for the winter.

The landing site can be the southern wall of the building. Moreover, the landing pits are made at a distance of 1 meter from the wall.Each shrub is designed to be planted with the best lighting throughout the day. It is necessary to choose grape seedlings for the Moscow region. Varieties are divided according to many characteristics. For the Moscow region, the selection of varieties with the characteristics of ultra-early, super-early and early will become relevant. The rest of the grape varieties in the Moscow region do not ripen.

The frost resistance indicator will be decisive for the Moscow region. It is necessary to choose seedlings belonging to the first group of resistance, which can withstand frosts up to 35 degrees and above. However, for the Moscow region, uncovered grape varieties are recommended to be insulated for the winter.

The planting pit is prepared with depth depending on the nature of the soil. The depth of the pit is prepared depending on the density of the soil, from 20 to 50 cm. After planting the plant, the hole is compacted and watered with warm water. Organic fertilizers, superphosphate, wood ash, potassium nitrate must be added to the filling mixture.

Before the material is planted, it must be prepared. It is necessary to remove the unpreserved roots of the seedling and dip the roots into a chatter box from one part of the fermented mullein and two volumes of clay. Cut the upper part of the trunk along the shoots into two buds and lower it into melted paraffin or wax. The prepared seedling should be arranged obliquely so that later, lowering the vine for cover for the winter, does not break it off. Young plants should be watered before rooting and allowed to start forming only two vines.

Vineyard care in the Moscow region

Young shoots of grapes freeze even with slight cold snaps typical for the region. Therefore, to guarantee the safety, even winter-hardy varieties need to be covered for the winter for safety. Here it is necessary to observe the measure, since improper cover can cause putrefactive diseases of the stems, which will also lead to death. Shelter of grapes in the Moscow region is done when the temperature is stable below zero.

Spring chores begin with the release of the vine from the shelter. At the same time, the branches are freed from the load gradually. First, a layer of earth is removed, then gradually in the daytime the bush is ventilated, again covered at night. Open completely early, frost damage may occur. To overexpose a plant under cover - to get a dead plant that has grown dry. After opening the bushes, vineyard care in the Moscow region is carried out in the following areas:

• the formation of a grape bush;
• feeding and watering the plant;
• treatment against pests and diseases;

All the operations carried out on a green bush, and a lesson on how to care for grapes, the video at the end of the article clearly presents with a detailed explanation.

Only the experience gained in the process of growing vines will help to carry out work with understanding, and therefore, creatively. Pruning bushes is necessary in order to prevent shoots that are not working for the harvest. Each leaf of the plant should be illuminated as much as possible during the day. Shoots that will not bear fruit should be harvested and the crop regulated on the bush. If many brushes are tied, then they will not have time to ripen, the berries will be small and tasteless. A young bush is formed by such an operation. To mature, help to keep the right number of brushes.

From the very beginning of spring growth, the bush needs a trellis to which it is tied or attached with a mustache. These can be any stable structures, and even frames for architectural forms. It is only necessary to provide for a way to lay the vines in the fall under the shelter. Trellis are installed with one row of wire or double.

Green summer operations in the cultivation of grapes in the Moscow region are:

• a fragment of green shoots;
• pinching;
• pinching the tops.

Watering the grapes is done along the grooves at a distance from the trunk. The roots do not like sudden changes in nutrition and humidity conditions.

The vineyard is watered along the grooves between the bushes.If the plant is alone, then the groove must be made at a distance from the trunk, since direct moistening will violate the root regime. Watering is needed at the beginning of the growing season, when the green mass is growing and the berries are being poured. There is no need to water in August, the berries should gain flavor.

Top dressing for grapes in the Moscow region is necessary during the summer. Use organics in early summer for the development of the bush. Later, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are required, preferably in the form of a potassium salt without nitrogen. Top dressing is combined with irrigation along the grooves. The plant is supported by foliar feeding during the growing season, combining them with fungicidal treatments. Compatible forms of trace elements are selected.

During the season, 4 complex feeding is carried out and, if necessary, processed when diseases and pests appear.

Grape varieties for the Moscow region

Of the many varieties that are currently zoned in the Moscow region, a variety for beginners attracts attention. The American variety Alpha was created as if for them. Withstands frosts at 40 0, productive, early. The berries are black, tasty. The vine has time to ripen. Disadvantage, the berries are sour, but good for cooking.

The Amursky variety, on the other hand, is very sweet, ultra-early, withstands frost up to 42. On a ten-point scale of taste, it has 8.7 points, which is very good. The bush is resistant to diseases, ripens well, suitable for the design of light architectural forms, hibernates under a piece of roofing material.

Of the light amber varieties, it is worth paying attention to the Kay Gray variety. The hybrid is very powerful, fruitful and resistant to all known vineyard diseases.

The described grape varieties for the Moscow region are not covered, and, therefore, the hassle of preparing the garden for winter will be less.

Video about caring for grapes

Many gardeners want to grow grapes in the country to please themselves, their loved ones and enjoy ripe berries or aromatic wine. The grape is a thermophilic plant and thrives in the southern regions, characterized by an abundance of sunny days and stable positive temperatures. However, not only the happy inhabitants of the southern regions, but also the inhabitants of Moscow dream about viticulture.

WITHToday, planting grapes in the suburbs is quite common. It became possible to cultivate a crop in an unstable and cold climate thanks to the scientific discoveries of breeders who bred hybrid varieties with a short ripening period of berries. Previously, grapes in the Moscow region were used mainly for decorative purposes, for decorating gazebos, arches, and landscape design. But with the advent of new early varieties with a growing season and the formation of mature bunches of about 110 days, it became possible to get a full harvest before the onset of the winter period.

You can find out how to plant grapes from our website. We will also consider the features of grapes for the Moscow region, non-covering varieties.

Cultivation factors

If you decide to grow grapes in the suburbs, pay attention to a number of factors that determine the success of your business:

• selection of the optimal landing site;
• competent planting of bushes;
• correct and careful plant care;
• selection of a variety corresponding to the climatic conditions of the area.

Seat selection

A heat-loving plant needs an abundance of sunlight, so it is recommended to plant it in the southern part of your site, protected from open drafts and strong winds. You can choose the southern wall of a house or outbuilding, or a blank fence. Grapes are not whimsical to soils, but they do not like wetlands, so choose a place with a low groundwater level or a hill. If the soil of the site is not very fertile, it can be fertilized in advance with natural compost.

Planting bushes

Scheme

If you are planting grapes near the wall, you must retreat from the building from 0.5 to 1.5 meters so as not to harm the structure. The bushes are planted at a distance of about two meters from each other, and three meters are left between the rows. This will create comfortable conditions for the development of the plant and will facilitate further care and harvesting of a ripe crop. In case of non-observance of the recommended norms, it is possible that the lighting and airing of the plant are disrupted, which will lead to the development of diseases and the formation of a low-quality crop. The bushes are placed in the direction from south to north, which will provide the best lighting on both sides. Trellis for grapes are installed from the west, at a distance of 25 to 30 cm.

Time

It is recommended to grow grapes in the open ground in the Moscow region in spring, when a stable positive temperature has been established and the likelihood of late frosts has disappeared. The optimal time for planting seedlings with an open root system is June, and with a closed one - early spring or autumn.

Peculiarities

At the beginning, holes are dug with an approximate size of 40 x 40 x 40 cm.A drainage layer of gravel is installed at the bottom, covered with earth, organic fertilizers and a stake is driven into the center, which will serve to support the vine. The soil is allowed to settle for two weeks and then the seedlings are lowered into it at a slight slope to the north. In order to increase the survival rate of seedlings, they are soaked in water or humate solution to form roots. Then everything is covered with soil, watered with water and mulching is carried out.

For more information on how to plant grapes, you can find out from the video on our website.

Care

Despite its unpretentiousness, caring for grapes in the Moscow region should be correct and careful.

Pruning

Different grape varieties are characterized by high fertility, this leads to an abundance of buds that are forming, which must be removed periodically to avoid overloading the bush and the formation of small berries. To standardize the yield, the vine is pruned 3 cm above the bud for every 7 to 9 eyes in spring and autumn.

Autumn pruning of grapes is carried out when all the leaves have fallen, while removing old and diseased shoots. In August, the tops of the stepchildren are minted and pruned to provide the main shoots with nutrients and to strengthen the plant.

Watering

It is recommended to water the vineyard along the grooves between the bushes to avoid direct ingress of moisture on the plant stem, as it does not like sudden changes in moisture levels. It is usually watered during the growing season, while the plant is gaining green mass, and when the berries ripen.

Top dressing

The ripening of the vine requires a large amount of additional nutrients that must be supplied to the plant periodically. Every autumn, mineral fertilizing is carried out with nitrogen, potash and phosphorus fertilizers, and organic fertilizers are used every three years.

Spraying

Depending on the selected grape variety and on its resistance to fungal diseases, it is recommended to periodically spray the bushes to protect against diseases and rot. The most dangerous is mildew, characterized by the formation of light yellow spots on the leaves, passing on to the berries and causing them to rot. Oidium is a dark gray formations that affect inflorescences and berries. It is advisable to spray in compliance with all instructions before, after and during the ripening of berries.

Shelter bushes for the winter

One of the mandatory activities is preparing the plant for wintering. Even if you have chosen frost-resistant grape varieties for your site, you need to know how to cover the grapes in order to protect the fruiting buds from freezing temperatures and not harm the plant during the winter.It is recommended to cover the bushes before the onset of the first frost so that the vine does not come into contact with the ground and does not rot. It is covered with sawdust, leaves, or covering material or wooden shields are installed. After the snow falls, the bushes can be covered with it.

In addition to growing grapes in an open area, it can be grown in greenhouses. To do this, they prefer to use varieties with an early ripening period and bisexual flowers, which facilitate the process of pollination and do not require additional pollinators.

Opening bushes

In the spring, at the end of March, at the beginning of April, after the snow thaws, the bushes are gradually opened after wintering during the day to dry them, and at night they are closed again to protect them from frost. With the onset of constant positive temperatures, the vine is tied up on trellises.

Harvesting

The final ripening of the berries occurs in late August, early September. Some grape varieties can remain on the bushes for about a month after reaching full maturity, but it is still recommended to harvest on time so as not to harm the quality of the final product. Many hybrid grape varieties are distinguished by good transportability, satisfactory keeping quality and high commercial qualities. This will allow you to cultivate crops not only for personal purposes, but also on an industrial scale.

Variety selection

It is not difficult to grow grapes in the Moscow region, since planting and caring for a plant is simple and quite accessible to both experienced winegrowers and beginners. However, you need to choose a suitable variety with high frost resistance, capable of withstanding negative temperatures from minus 25 degrees. Grapes in the Moscow region, the cultivation of which is possible thanks to the bred hybrid varieties, will become not only a decoration of your table, but also of the site.

It is worth paying attention to the varieties of raisins, which do not contain seeds and are distinguished by excellent taste and appearance. The Lydia variety is suitable not only for fresh consumption, but also for making table wine. Muscat grapes are also popular and frost-resistant. Alpha variety of American selection of uncovered grapes for the Moscow region is able to withstand negative temperatures up to 40 degrees Celsius. Find out more about grape varieties for the Moscow region.

Grapes planted in early spring will yield a rich harvest by autumn. Hybrid forms are easy to care for due to their stability and high survival rate. After reading the recommendations, you can easily get a high-quality harvest of a healthy product.

Video about caring for grapes in the suburbs

Despite the fact that grapes are a heat-loving plant, having taken all the necessary measures to create optimal conditions for it, it is quite possible to grow it in the Moscow region, receiving an excellent harvest every year. Read about the peculiarities of growing grapes in Siberia on this page.

The photo shows grapes grown in the Moscow region

Varieties for the Moscow region

Frost-resistant non-covering grape varieties for the Moscow region:

• Alpha grapes. The bushes are vigorous, the berries are dark blue, rounded.
• Valiant hybrid. Berries are small, black, rounded.
• Kay Gray grapes. The berries are small in size, amber in color.
• Grapes "Agate Donskoy". The berries are large, dark blue.

Very early grape varieties for the Moscow region:

• Aleshenkin grapes are already ripening by the end of August.
• Very early grape variety "Alexander".
• Agat Donskoy.

The best grape varieties for the Moscow region:

1. Isabella grapes are characterized by a ripening period of 120 - 130 days. Vigorous shrub, large dark blue berries with a waxy bloom. The bunch weighs 140 grams.
2. The Denisovskiy wine grape variety is characterized by an early ripening period. The bushes are vigorous. Berries are medium in size, black.
3. Grapes "Rusven" are characterized by a ripening period of 110 - 115 days. The shrub is medium to vigorous (depending on growing conditions). The berries are large, rounded, matte pink in color.

Grape variety "Rusven" is shown in the photo

It is also worth noting such grape varieties as "Tasok", "Christina", "Radiant Kishmish".

Landing

Grapes in the Moscow region are planted with seedlings in pre-prepared pits 30-40 cm deep. The seedlings are planted at a depth of 25 cm (the roots must be carefully straightened and made sure that they do not break). When planting, the plant should be placed with a slight slope to the north. Then the seedling is sprinkled with earth and everything is thoroughly spilled with water. A guide on how to choose a dog enclosure is here:.

The photo shows the planting material (sprouted cuttings)

Planting grapes with a closed root system in open ground should be in the summer, that is, in May - June. Grapes with an open root system should be planted either in the fall (not earlier than October) or in the spring (in April, early May). It is recommended to plant grapes along the wall of the house, but not closer than 0.8 m.

In the case when it becomes necessary to transplant grapes in the Moscow region, this procedure should be carried out either in late autumn or early spring.

The photo shows the process of planting grapes

You can learn more about the process of planting grapes in the Moscow region by watching the following video:

Growing

The process of growing grapes in the open ground in the Moscow region implies sheltering the vine for the winter, with the exception of frost-resistant varieties. But in any case, it is necessary to take care of the protection of the root system in the winter. To this end, many summer residents - gardeners practice deep planting of seedlings in a trench (this method of planting grapes greatly facilitates the process of covering the vine, it is enough to lay the plant and fix it at the bottom of the trench with special brackets, and close the trench from above with wooden shields, on top of which roofing material or film is laid) ... Read how to breed and keep quail at home.

To grow grapes in the Moscow region and get an annual harvest from it, you should adhere to a number of rules:

• Purchase early-maturing and winter-hardy varieties.
• Planting should be placed near various structures and fences, which will be a kind of protection for young seedlings from the winds.
• During development, the vine should be regularly fed with phosphorus potash fertilizers.
• In the autumn, the grapes are subject to mandatory pruning.
• For the winter, grapes are covered with materials at hand.

The formation of a grape bush is carried out in two stages:

• The first stage is carried out in the fall (preliminary pruning). In the fall, the entire ripe vine is left.
• The second stage is carried out in the spring (final pruning and fixing the vine on the trellis). Spring pruning leaves only five buds.

Keep in mind that the vine is cut three centimeters above the bud.

The figure shows the process of forming a bush

Top dressing of grapes in the fall in the Moscow region:

• Mineral dressing. The basis of such feeding is nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus in a ratio of 3: 2: 1.
• Organic fertilizers (compost or rotted manure) - once every three years.

In the Moscow region, the cultivation of grapes is practiced not only in the open field, but also in greenhouse conditions. For greenhouses, you should select a bisexual flower variety characterized by an early ripening period.

The grapes grown in the greenhouse are shown in the picture.

How to care?

Autumn pruning of grapes in the Moscow region is carried out two weeks after all the leaves on the plant fall off. In the fall, only old, diseased and deformed shoots are removed.

The photo shows the process of pruning grapes

August is the ripening time for the earliest grape varieties. In August, pinching and gartering of young shoots also continues. At the beginning of the month, the upper part of the growing shoots should be cut off, by about 30 cm, due to this, nutrients will be supplied to a greater extent for the ripening of the berries. This process is called chasing.

The picture shows the process of minting grape bushes

Preparing for winter

Grapes in the Moscow region are covered after pruning until the first frost. When laying the vine, it is recommended to equip special supplies under it, preventing its contact with the ground. From above, the vine can be covered with sawdust, dry leaves or spruce branches. They can also additionally be installed over the vine arches and stretch the covering material. Some gardeners prefer to equip wooden boxes in which the vines fit and close them on top with wooden shields.

The photo shows the process of preparing a vine for wintering

Vine bushes, sheltered for the winter, are shown in the photo

Look at the video of the shelter of grapes for the winter in the Moscow region:

When to collect?

The ripening time of grapes depends on the cultivated variety, but since the recommended varieties for the Moscow region are early-maturing varieties, the grape harvest in the Moscow region is carried out in August - September. Read about outdoor cultivation of pumpkins to consider.

Diseases and their treatment

Diseases characteristic of grapes grown in the Moscow region:

• Mildew disease affects both shoots and berries. The first signs are yellow spots on green leaves, then a light bloom appears on the inflorescences and leaves of the plant and they begin to rot.
• Oidium disease manifests itself as a dark gray plaque on the leaves. Inflorescences and berries are also affected.

The picture shows a bunch of grapes infected with powdery mildew

These diseases should be fought with the help of such special means as "Vectra", "Quadris", etc. Spraying of plants should be carried out according to the instructions - before flowering, after flowering, when the berries are ripe.

The cost of grape seedlings for the Moscow region

Grape seedlings for the Moscow region, 3 years old, can be purchased for 1,750 rubles. for one plant; a 5-year-old grape seedling will cost 7,500 rubles. for one plant.

Growing grapes, of course, has its own characteristics, and you need to make a lot of effort to get an excellent harvest. But in fact, growing grapes in the Moscow region is not much more troublesome than growing grapes in regions with a warm climate, the main thing is to initially select suitable frost-resistant varieties.

Oct 22, 2015Tatiana Sumo