How to properly grow chrysanthemums outdoors?

Autumn garden decoration - chrysanthemums, this is a real joy for most summer residents. Already many plants are suitable only to cover the beds with their dry tops, and your flower beds continue to burn with gold. Of course, growing chrysanthemums outdoors is a very engaging experience that certainly won't hurt any grower. A bright, unpretentious flower with a tart smell is a generous gift from nature that will extend summer days.

Choice number one

Among the variety of garden flowers, chrysanthemum stands out. The selection of varieties is simply amazing, and each of them is very beautiful in its own way. No wonder she is called the queen of autumn. Today we will talk about how chrysanthemums are grown in the open field. It is not too difficult, bright flowers will willingly grow in almost any conditions. Having correctly composed the composition, you will enjoy the colorful splendor for many years in a row.

Varieties and varieties

Lush, fragrant inflorescences can not only add variety to the garden plot, they also change the life of the gardener. According to legend, they inspire optimism even in the saddest person. Growing chrysanthemums in the open field is a magical activity, and it is almost impossible to stop in the choice of forms. Every time you buy another bag of seeds, you are amazed at the magnificent color of flowers, their resistance, plant height, leaf shape, degree of terry. Moreover, over and over again purchasing sets of seeds of different varieties, you can be sure that they will not be repeated.

If you want to see a really bright and elegant flower bed, then you definitely need to combine different varieties and shapes with each other. Growing chrysanthemums outdoors is the same no matter which heads will delight you in the fall. The combination of curb and tall bushes in the background looks best.

Seat selection

Excellent growth and lush flowering - it all depends on you. Chrysanthemum is not very demanding, but very thermophilic plant. First of all, you need to choose a suitable place for her. It must be remembered that these flowers do not tolerate moisture retention and do not tolerate darkened areas very well. Therefore, the lowlands are more likely for lily of the valley. Choose open, sunny areas that are slightly elevated. Dampness will cause the plants to die in winter, and lack of light will deform the green part.

Growing chrysanthemums in the open field for sale is even more interesting, since in the spring the plots disperse like hot cakes.However, the requirements for the conditions in this case are even higher. After all, you definitely need to get a good result. For excellent flowering and vigorous growth, a plant simply needs good soil. Only the optimal composition of trace elements will allow you to get powerful bushes with great heads. They love loose and permeable soil rich in organic matter. Therefore, if you want to prepare a place for plants in advance, dig a planting hole, fill up drainage and humus, on top - good, fresh soil. And during the warm period, be sure to make seasonal feeding. However, you should not be zealous. With an excess of nitrogen and phosphorus, the plant heals. You will have huge bushes without flowers.

Sale of cut flowers

This is a very lucrative business, so it is worth considering if you are seriously interested in growing chrysanthemums outdoors. Features of the variety Valentina Tereshkova, Alec Bedser suggest the formation of large inflorescences. Huge flowers on sturdy stems can keep fresh for a long time in vases.

Moreover, it is the large-flowered chrysanthemums that continue to delight us with bright colors even after the onset of cold weather. Here it is necessary to clarify: the warmer the climate, the easier it will be to grow such hybrids. Quite the opposite is the case in regions with a harsh climate. Where can you organize the cultivation of chrysanthemums in the open field without any problems? The Kirov region with a mild climate, without sudden fluctuations, is ideal. Here you do not have to stress the plants every time, dig them up in the fall and plant them again in the spring. Thanks to this, the bushes respond with amazing flowering.

In Siberia, large-flowered chrysanthemums are planted in large pots, which are dug into the ground for the summer. With the onset of autumn cold weather, they are transferred to a room where the temperature remains about -5 degrees throughout the winter. This will ensure a beautiful bloom every year.

Landing

Growing chrysanthemums outdoors for sale requires that you occupy a fairly large area of ​​your garden for growing. May is the best time to decorate a flower bed. Before the onset of cold weather, the plants will have time to get stronger.

In addition, it is very important not to plant the bushes in bloom. In mid-October, such a planting is guaranteed to lead to the death of the plant. If you bought planting material late, then it is better to leave the flowers not in the open field, but indoors. A dry basement with a stable temperature is perfect. But they will not tolerate dampness and low temperatures.

Some gardeners specially arrange tall beds. There is one trick here that will allow the mother plants to overwinter well and wake up very early in the spring. The bottom layer of the bed is poured from fresh manure, and on top there is already a layer of fertile soil. Burning out, it will give a lot of heat, which will allow the plants to bloom until late autumn, and with good shelter, they will survive even in the most severe frosts.

We decorate the flower bed

With the onset of steady heat, a chrysanthemum wakes up in the street. Outdoor growing conditions should presuppose overwintering at their permanent location. For this, the gardener makes sure that there is no decay of plants, that is, a flower bed must be created on a hill. With the onset of cold weather, the roots of plants are mulched, covered with hay or sawdust. Top - covered with snow, and your plantings can safely survive the whole winter.

In the spring, with the onset of heat, it is necessary to remove all covering materials, after which the plantings will start to grow. If the planting material was stored in the cellar, at the end of May it is time to prepare it for planting. Just at this time, the first frost ends.

Planting must be carried out by varieties. Be sure to supply your flower bed with labels or other markers. A complex fertilizer is preliminarily added to the prepared trench, for example, well-rotted manure. All that remains is proper care.Growing chrysanthemums outdoors is not difficult, even an amateur can handle it.

So, the distance between the planted plants should be from 30 to 50 cm. The larger the bush is planned, the more space must be left for it to grow and develop. Planting and replanting must be done with a large clod of earth. Immediately after this, the soil should be watered abundantly with Kornevin's solution or any other preparation that promotes growth.

The climate of central Russia

In order for beautiful chrysanthemum flowers to turn out in the fall, in the summer they need to be provided with proper care, regular watering and feeding. The cultivation of chrysanthemums in the open field in the Moscow region is especially good. With high-quality shelter, they calmly endure frosts up to 30 degrees, and with the onset of spring they delight you with excellent flowers. Growing mother plants is very easy. We will now consider one of the options, and you will understand that any gardener can have a piece of the sun on his site.

These plants take root very easily. Growing chrysanthemums in the open field in the Moscow region is also facilitated by the fact that every year you can get new plants from some of the old or from green cuttings. Young root shoots, lateral shoots on old stems - all this is material for a new bush.

There is a little subtlety here. It is undesirable to leave plants in one place for a long time. We have already said that they do not like to be disturbed during the flowering period. This is true. But once every two years, they need to be planted in good fertile soil. Otherwise, it loses its attractiveness, the branches become woody. However, if the bush has already lost its charm, it can become the parent for an entire flower bed.

Growing technology in the Urals

The climate here is not so much harsh as it is unpredictable. Heavy snowfalls and frosts, winds and prolonged droughts - all this makes growing chrysanthemums outdoors in the Urals a little more difficult. To make life easier for the gardener, you can advise the following option. After flowering, the stems from the uterine bushes are cut with pruning shears. Hemp of 10-15 cm should remain. Bushes for the winter must be covered with peat crumb, along with manure. The height of the layer should be 10-15 cm. On top, for insulation, lay what is left after cleaning the garden. These are tops and branches. Snow will accumulate on them in winter.

Spring works

With the onset of spring, it is imperative to remove the tops and branches. But it is not at all necessary to sweep the peat. This is mulch and fertilizer, without which it will be difficult to wait for good flowering. After the root growth has appeared, it is removed with a pruner. Cuttings 6-7 cm long are obtained. They need to be dipped in Kornevin's solution and planted on a bed with well-fertilized soil, on top of which there is a layer of sand (about 2 cm).

It is imperative to spray and water the cuttings daily. From above, you need to stretch the film and be sure to organize shading from bright, sun rays. Do not forget to ventilate, and after 2 weeks your plantings will give good roots.

Young plants are planted in a permanent place in May, when the threat of frost has passed. Remember to water and mulch the soil well. As soon as the height of your plants reaches 15 cm, the most painstaking work begins. To get a tall stem with a lush flower, it is imperative to pinch all the side shoots and buds, leaving one. Moreover, the choice is not always obvious, the central one may turn out to be underdeveloped or ugly, so you need to carefully monitor your plant.

Gardening in Siberia

This is both a complex and very exciting process. Growing chrysanthemums in the open field in Siberia is quite possible, but additional tasks fall on the gardener. First of all, you need to choose winter-hardy varieties. It can be Cream or Raspberry early chrysanthemum, Pink Perlinka or Gift.They need to be planted on a high dry bed, but even this does not guarantee a successful wintering.

We have already talked a lot about growing chrysanthemums in the open field. Preparation for winter must be done very carefully. In autumn, the plants are cut off, covered with humus and covered with spruce branches. But even in this case, there is no guarantee that the flowers will successfully overwinter. It happens that the cold season is extremely mild. Then there is a risk that the plants will wake up very early and may die from excess moisture under the covering material. Another time, on the contrary, the ground freezes by 2 meters, which means that the chances of survival for chrysanthemums are even less. Therefore, the only option is to pick up the mother bushes in a cool place. It could be a basement or a garage.

In late autumn, when the first frost hits, the chrysanthemum is carefully dug up and placed in a 5-liter bucket. In this case, it is recommended to cut off the entire above-ground part. You can leave only lignified stumps with a height of 10-15 cm. The excavated mother liquors must be removed to the cellar and kept at a temperature not higher than +2 degrees. Somewhere at +4, chrysanthemums will begin to sprout, which is highly undesirable.

We grow a new variety

If you are lucky enough to get good seeds, you can plant amazing plants on the site, for which all the neighbors will come to you. Growing chrysanthemums outdoors from seeds is not at all too difficult. In this way, you can grow both an annual and a perennial, which will decorate your garden for a long time.

Both the first and the second should be planted in early spring. At the beginning of March, you should already have shallow boxes filled with earthen mixture on the windows. It is advisable to take ready-made, but you can cook it yourself. To do this, take greenhouse soil, humus and peat. All this needs to be calcined or steamed.

Now we start sowing. Annual chrysanthemums fall asleep to a depth of 0.5 cm, and perennials are simply left on the surface. Now the crops need to be watered, covered with glass and placed in a warm place. The crops are checked periodically and sprayed with water.

Planting in open ground

The gardener will have to tinker with his seedlings for a long time before they become beautiful flowering bushes. When the seedlings have sprouted, they are often very densely spaced. Therefore, as soon as the second pair of leaves appears, you need to make a pick into separate cups. When doing this, try not to wrinkle the stem. Now, caring for young seedlings is about timely watering. It is advisable to carry out hardening, that is, to take out the boxes to the balcony.

As soon as the threat of frost passes, you need to plant seedlings in open ground. Remember that chrysanthemums are very fond of light and warmth. Leave the dark corners to other plants, and give her a place in the middle of the site. It is in such conditions that she will reveal all her beauty. And one more thing: immediately after the transplant, you need to pinch all the tops. This is not the last procedure this season. As soon as the lateral shoots grow 15-20 cm, they also need to “remove their head”. Then you will get compact bushes with many inflorescences. They will delight you with long and very abundant flowering.

For newbies

If you are gardening for the first year, then growing small-flowered chrysanthemums in the open field will be an excellent option for you. These vibrant chamomile-like flowers will be a wonderful fall decoration for your garden. It should be noted that they are unpretentious and do not need warm winter houses in temperate climates. But in Siberia, there is no 100% guarantee that your plants will survive the winter. If the ground gets too cold, then most likely they will not wake up.

To do this, you can leave 2-3 mother plants that can be taken to the cellar. And even easier - to sow annuals. They will delight you until the coldest days and even after the first snow they will remain bright and fresh.And then you can simply remove them and make room for new landings. In this case, you are not limited in your imagination. Flowerbeds may differ in shape and content every year.

Chrysanthemum Chrysanthemum is a genus of perennial garden flowers of the Asteraceae family. They come from Asia and North-Eastern Europe. Most of the species come from East Asia, the greatest variety in China, where chrysanthemums were grown from the 5th century BC, to Japan in the 8th century AD, and to England at the end of the 18th century.

Chrysanthemums are herbaceous plants with a stiff stem or shrubs, with erect stems, usually covered with fine pubescence (in some species, glabrous). Leaves are alternate, whole or notched, with a serrated edge. The foliage is green or light green. If you rub the leaves or break a branch, a peculiar smell is felt, sometimes quite tart, a characteristic difference between chrysanthemums and asters.

Inflorescences are baskets of small flowers of two types: central tubular, yellow, marginal flowers are ligulate of the most varied colors. The fruit of the chrysanthemum is achene.

Chrysanthemum classification

In the process of selection, simple inflorescences almost completely replaced the semi-double and double inflorescences, in which the inflorescence of the cap is multi-row reed flowers. But in addition to double and simple inflorescences, there are other forms: anemone, tubular, Chinese, peony, pompom, decorative, arachnid, etc. Often the difference lies in the form of reed flowers - in some varieties they are straight, in others they are slightly bent by a boat, in others slightly spiral.

Most often, perennial frost-resistant chrysanthemums of Korean selection are used for landscaping the garden, as the most unpretentious and frost-resistant, they are often called ‘oak’ - in the shape of leaves resembling oak leaves.

All varieties of chrysanthemums can be divided by flowering time into:

• Early flowering - bloom in late August. These varieties are usually undersized and dense bushes about 25-35 cm tall, used in curbs.
• Medium flowering - bloom in early September, mainly with an average height of 50-60 cm bushes.
• Late flowering - bloom in late September, early October, mostly tall, up to 100 cm or more, require a garter.

Duration of flowering in chrysanthemums is more than a month. Low-growing varieties, as a rule, have very decorative foliage, which makes it possible to form multi-tiered flower beds that bloom from late summer to late autumn.

Place for planting garden chrysanthemums

Chrysanthemums grow best and produce the most flowers when planted in a sunny area. They need at least three hours of full sun a day.

They also require a well-fertilized soil, enough moisture, but no frills. Chrysanthemums do not tolerate dry peaty or sandy soil - poor in mineral composition and does not retain moisture. But they also do not tolerate stagnant water and dampness!

Ideally, they need light sandy loam soil, well filled with humus and organic matter. Like most garden flowers, chrysanthemums are loved on well-drained soils with a lot of organic matter, such as compost.

We do not recommend growing chrysanthemums in the same location for more than three years in a row to avoid associated diseases and pest problems.

Landing

The soil in the flower beds for chrysanthemums must be prepared in advance: if it is heavy, clayey, add sand, humus, peat, you can measure it with buckets, take everything in equal parts. If the soil is light sandy, add loam, sod land and humus. Peat soils require serious improvement - they are poor and acidic, loam or soddy soil and humus must be introduced.

All components introduced to improve the soil must be mixed well. The fertile soil layer should be less than 40 cm.

If you have a site in a low-lying area or on a slope, before filling the beds at the bottom of the trench, pour a layer of gravel drainage.

Another important indicator of soil quality that you should pay attention to when planting chrysanthemums is acidity. Changes in acidity or alkalinity can severely limit plant growth, weaken the root system, and even lead to death. Chrysanthemums prefer an acidity of about 6.5, categorically not lower than 6.2. To increase the pH of the soil, you need to lime the soil, and to lower (on saline soil) add ferrous sulfate or aluminum sulfate.

For deoxidizing the soil for chrysanthemums, dolomite limestone is preferred because it contains magnesium and other trace amounts of nutrients. Slaked lime is not desirable - it very quickly gives a reaction to a change in acidity and, when combined with mineral fertilizers, blocks the available phosphorus.

Chrysanthemums obtained from dividing an old bush, container chrysanthemums bought in a nursery, or rooted cuttings, are planted in rows depending on the size of the bushes: at a distance of 20-30 cm from each other, low-growing and medium-sized varieties, 45-50 cm - large-growing varieties.

Chrysanthemum care

Caring for chrysanthemums consists in regular watering, feeding, removing faded inflorescences, pruning off excess branches and plucking buds. It is necessary in a timely manner - once every three years to rejuvenate the old bushes.

How to water chrysanthemums

At the beginning of the growing season, chrysanthemums are watered about once a week, abundantly wetting the upper layers of the soil. In summer, as the temperature rises, the frequency of watering increases, it can be once or twice a week, depending on the weather. By the time of flowering in September, watering is even more frequent - at least three times a week, but do not forget that frequent watering is permissible only on well-drained soil!

Top dressing

Chrysanthemums require a rich set of nutrients, in addition to nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, calcium and magnesium are needed in significant quantities, and small amounts of iron and manganese are also needed, less significant, but it is desirable that they be part of fertilizers for chrysanthemums: boron, copper and zinc.

Nitrogen - This element contributes to the rapid growth of leaves, but is most useful only at the beginning of the growing season, before the formation of inflorescences. Do not use nitrogen fertilizers later than June! If this element is introduced in excess, especially with a lack of light, the plant forms weak stems and a sluggish root system, it is very easy to get sick with powdery mildew and other diseases.

Phosphorus is vital for the health of chrysanthemums, especially for stimulating root growth and maturation of stems, frost resistance of plants and general immunity depend on the sufficiency of phosphorus. If you apply phosphate fertilizers, do not use double superphosphate, only ordinary, it is easier and more evenly distributed in the soil, contains from 18% to 20% of available phosphoric acid.

Potassium promotes the formation of large inflorescences and dense wood of the stems. But if potassium is added in excess, for example, with ash, the chrysanthemum foliage becomes very fragile, the stems are fibrous, do not hold moisture well and stand worse in the cut.

It is best to feed chrysanthemums with a full complex fertilizer, for example, with the NPK 5-10-10 formula, even better with the NPK 5-10-5 formula:

• If chrysanthemums are planted in the current spring, two additional dressings per season are enough.
• If the chrysanthemums were planted a year or two ago, feed them throughout the summer and in the fall once a month.

Since August, only with phosphorus fertilizer.

Reproduction of chrysanthemums

Chrysanthemums are propagated by seeds, cuttings and dividing, you can buy chrysanthemums in pots in nurseries. Chrysanthemum seeds are propagated very rarely - grown plants do not retain varietal qualities, you can get completely unexpected shapes, colors and sizes.

If you want a faster flowering, then you need to propagate by dividing.To do this, in the spring at the beginning of the season, when the plants start to grow, use a shovel to separate part of the bush from the periphery of the mother plant and plant it on a prepared flower bed filled with organic matter and complex fertilizer.

Old chrysanthemum bushes can be divided into several parts, leaving only an orderly depleted middle.

Cuttings can be cut with chrysanthemums of any age. When the stem grows about 15-17 cm, cut off the top 10-14 cm, tear off the bottom of the leaves. You can dip the tip of the cutting into the root, although this is not necessary. But it is imperative to sterilize the soil in the pot.

Potting mix options for cuttings:

• coarse river sand and universal peat soil (from the store) in equal parts
• coarse river sand and vermiculite in equal parts
• coarse river sand and sphagnum moss in equal parts

The soil should be sterilized in the oven or steamed in the garden over steam, and then spilled with a phytosporin solution. Immerse the stalk in it with the part where the leaves were removed. You can root the cuttings in large peat tablets.

Keep the soil moderately moist, but not damp. And be sure to be warm - for rooting, you need a temperature of about 22-24 ° C and shading from direct sun.

You can cut chrysanthemums during the summer, but not during the hottest time. The roots form in about two weeks. When you see that the stalk has begun to grow new leaves, everything went well. After the young growth of about 5 cm has grown, young chrysanthemum bushes can be transplanted onto the flower beds by the transfer method: without touching the root ball, remove it from the pot and plant it in the prepared holes.

With any method of propagation, cuttings or cuttings, if very sunny weather you need to shade for 2-3 days. At the same time, rooted cuttings and young shrubs-delenki should not be dug into the ground in a flower bed to a depth deeper than they were located at rooting in a pot or in an old place.

The first watering can be carried out with a solution of the zircon preparation.

After planting in a permanent place in the garden, the soil around the chrysanthemums should be mulched to prevent the roots from drying out and create a barrier to weeds. In addition, mulch protects the root system from overheating in the heat, and in winter from hypothermia.

Gradually, the mulch breaks down and forms humic acids, improving the quality of the soil - it becomes loose or crumbly. If you do not mulch the soil, then when planting chrysanthemums bought in containers from the nursery, sprinkle them with soil 1.5-2 cm higher than the pot.

How to plant chrysanthemums in the fall

If you managed to acquire a chrysanthemum stalk or a container plant in late summer or autumn, you can plant them in flower beds until mid-September, so that they have time not only to take root in a new place, but also to grow the root mass enough. If you are behind schedule, store the chrysanthemums in containers.

It is necessary to transplant the chrysanthemum into a wide, but low container with universal flower soil from a store pot or glass where the stalk was rooted. Do not trim immediately, just place the container in a moderately cool area. If you have an insulated balcony, you can grow chrysanthemums there until the end of October.

You can cut off the aboveground part when the temperature is about +4 ° С. If subzero temperatures are not expected on your balcony, then nothing else needs to be done, only periodically - once a month or less often water the plants a little, just enough so that the soil does not dry out completely.

If your temperature can drop slightly below zero (the balcony is glazed, but not heated), prepare a large cardboard box and insulation material: sawdust, straw, dried sphagnum moss, or a large cotton blanket.

With a cold snap (below + 3-4 ° C), place a container with chrysanthemum in a box, fill the spaces between the walls with sawdust, or lay batting, foam rubber. Focus on the thermometer readings.Cover with a blanket if necessary, stop watering, and the soil must be dry. Cooling below -2 ° C is unacceptable. Those. the temperature on the balcony can drop below zero (up to minus 5-7 ° С), but in a pot with chrysanthemum it can be kept at least minus 2 ° С.

If you have a warm greenhouse in your garden, then in February-March you can move the flowers there, water as needed - the soil should not be constantly damp or dry out, only moderate moisture.

If there is a lot of planting material in the greenhouse, carry out preventive treatment for diseases - spray all plants with phytosporin or hang iodine pillows (moisten tea bags with 0.5 ml of iodine for each and hang in 2-3 places in the greenhouse). The problem is that chrysanthemums are prone to fungal diseases, and greenhouses are poorly ventilated. Iodine fumes help to decontaminate the air and keep plants healthy until they are planted in flower beds in early May.

You can store chrysanthemums in the cellar or basement in winter, if they are well ventilated, there is no high humidity and fungus on the walls.

Chrysanthemum bush formation

At the beginning of the season, when the stems grow back in the spring, pinch them at a height of about 15-20 cm, about 2-3 cm from the crown. This will force the plant to actively branch, and when the side branches grow another 15 cm, pinch the upper 1.5-2 cm again.This pinching process must be completed 50-60 days before the expected flowering - early flowering can be pinched until July, medium and late flowering - Until August.

The sizes of inflorescences are different for different varieties, large-flowered chrysanthemums have a basket diameter of 10 to 25 cm, they are grown in 2-3 stems, pinch and leave the largest inflorescences at the ends of the shoots - these are most often offered in a cut for bouquets, usually 1 on one branch -5 inflorescences.

Small-flowered chrysanthemums have a basket diameter of 2-9 cm, they are usually grown in bush form, and the inflorescences are not single baskets, but a complex shield or panicle, on one branch there are 15-20 inflorescences.

Chrysanthemums in winter

At the end of autumn, with the death of the foliage, cut off the entire aerial part of the plants at a height of 15-20 cm from the ground.

The cold resistance of chrysanthemums is different for different varieties, there are very frost-resistant ones, there are those that freeze out in central Russia and Siberia. If you buy seeds in a store or containerized seeds in a nursery, check the correspondence of the variety to the climatic zone (from 3 to 9 can be specified).

In any case, you need to prepare for the harsh winters, cover the bushes in late autumn with a high layer of mulch made from straw, sawdust, fallen leaves or spruce branches. If the root zone of old bushes has risen strongly from the initial level, first you need to mulch with peat, then straw, and then spruce branches.

If the place on your site is rather low, then prepare drainage grooves near the flower beds before sheltering - a serious danger for chrysanthemums in winter is constant moisture or ice on the leaves, as well as alternating freezing and thawing of the soil. Therefore, if multilayer shelters are used, they must be removed in time in the spring - most often chrysanthemums die due to damping out under excessively warm shelters.

Some gardeners, in order not to lose valuable varieties of chrysanthemums, before sheltering for the winter at the end of September, separate part of the bush and store it in a container until spring.

Similar posts

Garden chrysanthemum can rightfully be called one of the most beautiful autumn perennials, blooming until the frost and possessing a unique tart aroma. This beautiful flower brings a lot of light joy in the dark days of autumn. However, many summer residents in vain think that in the middle lane it can be grown only as an annual or indoor container plant. Next, you will learn about all the methods of reproduction, timing, rules for planting and caring for bush garden chrysanthemums in the open field.

Varieties and varieties of chrysanthemums

Conventionally, all chrysanthemums can be divided into 2 types:

As a rule, it is the perennial Korean varieties that winter well (but better with additional shelter) are planted and grown in our gardens. And the most popular are spherical garden chrysanthemums (multiflora).

Large-flowered varieties are most commonly used for commercial purposes, i.e. for cutting and making bouquets, because they need warmer conditions, clearly not in the middle zone or the Urals and Siberia, where they simply freeze out.

Video: types and varieties of chrysanthemums

Videos: Indian and Korean

Breeding methods for chrysanthemums

Basically, garden chrysanthemums are propagated by dividing the bush or by cuttings, in other words, by vegetative methods. But often it is also grown from seeds.

By the way! Large-flowered and small-flowered (Korean) species reproduce identically.

Sowing seeds

Perennial chrysanthemums can be sown with seeds, but varietal characteristics will not be preserved when collecting planting material and re-sowing it. If you nevertheless decide to buy seeds, then it is better to first sow them for seedlings (in February-March), dive in the phase of two true leaves, and when the threat of return frosts has passed, plant them in the ground (or a pot). And then by the fall you will be able to get flowering bushes. Alternatively, you can try open field direct sowing in May-June.

Video: how to grow chrysanthemum seedlings from seeds

Dividing the bush

Once every 2-3 years, the root system of the garden chrysanthemum grows excessively, begins to degenerate, the flowers become smaller, so the plant should be rejuvenated, that is, divided.

Dividing a plant is quite simple: you need to carefully dig out the bushes and divide them into several copies (with your hands, pruning shears or even a shovel). Then place them in separate holes and shade them with a non-woven material from the sun (stick 4 sticks and throw a cover on them) so that they do not get burned while they are being taken.

Video: transplanting chrysanthemums by dividing the bush

Cuttings

It is convenient to cut chrysanthemums during autumn pruning. To do this, you will need to cut, or better break off, 5-8 centimeter shoots (the flowers themselves must be cut off, and only a couple of leaves should be left), which can be rooted either in a glass of water or in a common container in a special substrate (from peat and sand or in a mixture of perlite with the same peat) and cover with a plastic bag to create a greenhouse effect.

When the plant has roots (after 2-3 weeks), they should be planted in separate containers. In winter, young seedlings should be kept in a cool place (+4 .. + 6 degrees) and do not forget to water if necessary. When planting cuttings in spring, it is advisable to shade them for the first time (2 weeks), for example, by making a canopy of spunbond.

Video: cuttings of chrysanthemums in the fall

Video: cuttings in spring

Advice! You can also cut chrysanthemums from the presented bouquet.

Video: how to root chrysanthemums from a bouquet - cuttings and the result

Planting dates for chrysanthemums

Depending on the method of reproduction, the timing differs when it is better to sow, transplant (divide) or cut chrysanthemums.

So,sow seeds chrysanthemums for seedlings optimally in early spring (even in February-March), or in open ground in May, when the ground warms up enough (but then flowering should be expected only next year).

Cut chrysanthemum bushes most convenient in autumn during regular pruning, but keeping them in winter is difficult enough, and they often die, therefore better do it all the same in the spring, survival rate in this case is much higher.

Dividing the bush and the transplant of chrysanthemums can be carried out both in the second half of spring, when the threat of age-related frosts has passed (in April-May), and in late summer - early autumn (in August-September), so that the bushes have time to take root in a new place before the cold snap.

How to plant chrysanthemums outdoors

In order to eliminate all problems with the growth and development of perennial garden chrysanthemums in the open field, you need to remember about choosing a suitable place, as well as soil for planting.

Landing place

To successfully grow chrysanthemums in the garden, it is very important to stay in the right place to plant. If possible, this should be the sunniest area in the country. The plant does not like constant drafts, but it does not like stagnant air either, so the place should be ventilated. It is optimal to choose more or less elevated areas, hills, slopes, since it is impossible to allow the root system to be constantly flooded with water.

Garden perennial chrysanthemum is ideal for creating living borders, that is, for decorating garden paths, as well as creating beautiful compositions around the house.

The soil

This flowering perennial will grow smoothly in loose (moisture-permeable) and fertile soil. In terms of acidity, the soil should be neutral or slightly acidic. The optimal soil for planting garden chrysanthemums is well-drained loamy or sandy loamy soil.

If the soil is sandy, then the planting site should be well dug up and filled with compost or humus.

If your soil is heavy, moisture passes poorly (and its stagnation has a very negative effect on perennials), then you should make good drainage by pouring some sand on the bottom.

Direct landing

So you bought a bush (a seedling in a bag with soil) of garden chrysanthemum in the fall (or divided the mother bush, germinated cuttings), chose a suitable day (preferably cloudy), or early morning or late evening. It's time to plant him.

Step-by-step instructions for planting chrysanthemums in open ground:

1. Decide on a place, prepare a landing hole (usually 30-40 cm deep).
2. Drain as needed (put some sand on the bottom of the hole).
3. Place the bush, straighten the roots.
4. Cover with fertile soil and compact well so that the roots are in good contact with the ground.
5. Trim the bush 1/3 or even leave a small stump. Now it is important that the roots take root.
6. Water liberally.
7. Mulch with peat or humus.

Important! If you are planting several bushes at once, then the distance between them should be about 30-50 centimeters. Remember that the bushes are very overgrown.

Video: a method of planting chrysanthemums in the fall

Outdoor chrysanthemum care

Chrysanthemum can hardly be called an unpretentious plant, on the contrary, it requires constant care. Therefore, in order to get beautiful bushes, these perennial flowers must be watered, fed, shaped (cut and cut), transplanted and propagated (divided and cut) and covered for the winter.

Important! And tall, as a rule, large-flowered (but small-flowered chrysanthemums are also tall) chrysanthemums must also be tied to pegs so that they do not lie down or, even worse, do not break off.

Watering

The plant can be called moisture-loving, but it should not be waterlogged (in spring, natural moisture, as a rule, will be enough for it).

Advice! After planting (planting a rooted cuttings) or transplanting (dividing) chrysanthemums in the spring, young seedlings should be periodically watered moderately.

At the height of summer (June-July), a garden perennial requires abundant watering, since the process of bud formation occurs during this period. As soon as flowering begins (usually in August), watering should be reduced. With a lack of moisture, the stems of the plant will become woody and stop branching.

Important! Chrysanthemums must be watered exclusively at the root. Sprinkling the crown is prohibited. Of course, if possible, it is advisable to use rainwater or settled water, and loosen it after each watering so that a dry crust does not form.

Top dressing

Chrysanthemums are fed according to the standard scheme:

1. In early spring, nitrogen fertilizers are used to start the growth of green mass (for example, an infusion of mullein in a ratio of 1 to 10 or chicken droppings (1 to 15).
2. In summer, during budding with potassium-phosphorus (more potassium) fertilizers - for a more intense and lush flowering (for example, wood ash).
3. In autumn - phosphorus-potassium (more phosphorus). Phosphorus has a good effect on strengthening the root system, which is necessary during the preparation of the plant for wintering.

There are special complex fertilizers for chrysanthemums for the entire growing season.

And if you stillgrow roses, then this fertilizer will come in handy.

Note! Top dressing must be carried out exclusively after watering and only at the root, in no case falling on the leaves, otherwise the fertilizer can cause them burns.

Shaping, cutting and trimming

If you want to get spherical bushes of chrysanthemums, then they should do such a haircut in the spring. It is recommended to pinch the top (main shoot) every year after 5-6 leaves, when it reaches 10-12 centimeters. Likewise, the side shoots should be shortened. All these activities should be performed before budding begins.

By the way! Chrysanthemum multiflora grows independently in the form of a ball. It should only be pinched once, when 2 pairs of leaves appear on the shoots, then it will form itself.

If you are growing large-flowered chrysanthemums for cutting (for bouquets), then you should leave 2-3 stems on which large buds and inflorescences will appear. It is also important not to forget to pinch them, timely removing the shoots that appear from the leaf axils.

Video: the formation of a large-flowered chrysanthemum bush for sale

For the winter, in the small-flowered (Korean) variety, of course, the entire upper part is cut off and a small stump is left (about 10 centimeters).

Preparing for winter

Some growers are afraid that even their small-flowered chrysanthemum can freeze out in winter, therefore, in mid-autumn (October), the trunk circle should be covered with a thick 10 cm layer of peat or compost, and already at the end of autumn (November), cover the plant, for example, with spunbond or dry leaves, you can use hay, or even better spruce branches.

Note! There is no point in insulating and covering large-flowered chrysanthemums, since they do not hibernate in the open field. They need to be dug up and transferred to storage prior to spring disembarkation.

At the same time, Korean specimens can also simply be transplanted into pots and transferred to the basement or veranda for wintering, or you can also dig in a polycarbonate greenhouse at soil level and additionally cover.

By the way! Read in detail about the autumn care of chrysanthemums, their preparation for winter (shelter and digging-storage)in this article.

Video: how to keep chrysanthemums in winter: the right shelter

Diseases and pests

One of the most common troubles that occurs with a chrysanthemum is the first appearance white bloom, and then altogether blackening and dying off of its leaves. All this indicates a disease of a garden perennialpowdery mildew... Frequent rains and, as a result, waterlogging, thickened plantings, temperature fluctuations are the most favorable environment for the development of this disease. To restore the plant to its former beauty, it should be sprayed a couple of times with preparations containing copper in its base (for example, copper sulfate or Bordeaux liquid).

Often attacks chrysanthemums aphids and thrips, in this case, you will need to treat garden perennials with one of the special insecticidal preparations, for example, "Aktara" or "Fitoverm".

Video: spherical chrysanthemums - planting, care and shelter

If you are nevertheless imbued with the idea of ​​planting and growing a bush garden perennial chrysanthemum in your summer cottage, focus on the features of care and its reproduction.And then you can amaze all your neighbors with the splendor of an autumn flower.

Video: features of the care and reproduction of bush chrysanthemums

I decided to grow chrysanthemums from seeds this year. I already have one adult bush - in the fall I transplanted it into a pot for wintering in the basement. Tell me when is the best time to plant a chrysanthemum from a pot in the open ground?

Chrysanthemums can be found in almost every flower bed. They deserve love from flower growers due to abundant and long flowering, as well as unpretentious care.

The finished plant can be purchased at a flower shop, or you can grow it yourself by seedling or by grafting shoots taken from neighbors. With proper care, young seedlings or cuttings rooted in pots will eventually develop into full-fledged shrubs. And here comes one of the main points - planting a chrysanthemum from a pot into open ground.

In order for the chrysanthemum to quickly take root and delight with its flowering already in the first year, you should pay attention to some points related to the transplant:

• choose the right time and place;
• prepare the soil;
• take care of the bush regularly;
• carry out periodic feeding.

Time and place for planting chrysanthemums

Both young chrysanthemums and bushes that have been dug up and planted in a pot for wintering indoors should not be planted in open ground before the soil warms up. The optimum temperature of the earth layer to a depth of 20 cm is 14 degrees Celsius. Depending on weather conditions, the estimated disembarkation time is the end of May.

Chrysanthemum must be planted after the night frosts have ended. It is better to do this in the morning or in cloudy weather.

For lush flowering and the formation of large inflorescences, chrysanthemum requires good lighting, so you should avoid shady places. In addition, the site must be protected from wind and drafts. It is also not recommended to plant a plant in lowlands, where moisture accumulates - this leads to decay of the root system and further death.

Soil selection and preparation

Chrysanthemums grow best on loose, fertile soil with neutral acidity.

Clay or sandy soil should be fertilized with organic matter (humus).

In the selected area, make holes with a distance of 50 cm from each other - for large varieties, and 30 cm - for other species. The depth of the planting pit depends on the size of the root system of the chrysanthemum (the roots should be free), but it is not necessary to deepen too much, since the roots of the plant do not develop deeper. Pour some sand into each hole and pour over it.

Caring for planted chrysanthemums and feeding

Further planting care includes:

• regular watering directly under the root with settled water;
• loosening the soil after watering;
• removal of weeds.

In order to form a beautiful bush, young seedlings are pinched.

To fertilize planted chrysanthemums, organic matter and complex preparations are used. In order to prolong flowering, phosphorus fertilizing is used. In just a season, it is enough to make three dressings.

Spring transplant of chrysanthemum with reproduction - video