Where is it better to grow tomatoes in a greenhouse or outdoors

A little more than a month has passed since the day my tomatoes were planted out of the house. Someone to the greenhouse, some to the street.

I think it's time to compare their growth and development.

If we have testing, then everything should be documented. 🙂

Since this year everything is in an unusual order for me, everything is numbered and signed, even the planting schemes are drawn, then I can compare very objectively. Each specific variety - how it grows in the greenhouse, but how it grows in the ground.

Another thing is that not all varieties that are planted in my soil are in the greenhouse. Firstly, it is not rubber, and secondly, some varieties are intended only for open ground, there is no need to shove them into a greenhouse.

For ease of comparison, I decided to put everything in a table. So far the following picture turns out:

Variety	Greenhouse		Open ground
	Bush height (cm)	The presence of ovaries	Bush height (cm)	The presence of ovaries
Mister X	110-115	2 brushes are tied, 2 are blooming	90	1 brush set, a couple more blooming
Stick	80	1 brush blooms	33	does not bloom
Blue R20	80	2 brushes in bloom	55	1 brush bloom
Blueberry	75	does not bloom	55	does not bloom
Tlaucoma de Matamoros	80	3 brushes blooms	50	does not bloom
Ulan-Ude	90	blooms	70	blooms
Persimmon	60	1 brush bloom	50	does not bloom
Japanese crab	75	blooms	55	does not bloom

I think the general picture is clear enough.

Tomatoes in a greenhouse, on average, outpace ground tomatoes by 15-20 cm in growth, bloom early and, accordingly, the number of tied brushes is greater.

There is, of course, some error in measurements (measured with a construction tape, temporarily borrowed from her husband), but it is within the permissible range. 🙂

Some shots (for confirmation):

Mr X in the greenhouse

Stick in the greenhouse

Stick in the street

Mr. X is on the street (against the background of raspberries it is not very clearly visible) In general, I will not bore you with photographs of all varieties, I assure you - everything is available, I made a table for them, without hoping for memory 🙂

I also want to say - the biggest difference in growth and development, for some reason, is in the Palka variety. Although the description on the bag did not indicate that it was exclusively for greenhouses ... But in the ground it feels the worst of all, practically does not grow. 🙁 I planted her about the same height.

P.S. In conclusion, I want to clarify about two "wrong" names of tomato varieties.

Ulan-Ude came to me after our

Motor rally from the Pacific Ocean to Lake Baikal

... We bought tomatoes for food from my grandmother at the market in Ulan-Ude. She did not know the name, but she said that from year to year she grows them from her seeds, so this is a variety, not a hybrid. Here from one of these fruits they left seeds, since then they have been registered in my garden under the nickname “Ulan-Udenskie”. 🙂

Regarding Mr. X ... Actually, I bought it as "Black Prince", but ... As a result of heated discussions here -

How the law of meanness works (for example, tomatoes)

it turned out that this is most likely not a prince 🙁 In the meantime, until the fruits ripen, it is difficult to decide. So he is still unknown to me - Mr. X! 🙂

That's it.

The kitty is tired of helping the mistress measure the tomatoes, is resting 🙂 Best regards,

When growing tomatoes on their own plots, gardeners often make some mistakes, because of which the harvest is reduced and the fruits deteriorate. Find out how to avoid them.

It is better to prevent any problems when growing plants than to try in vain to get rid of them later. Therefore, take into account some of the nuances of growing tomatoes before you sow their seeds.

1. Choosing a variety, not a hybrid

If you sow varietal seeds of tomatoes, then the yield from 1 sq.m. will be at least 30% less than with hybrid plants. In addition, hybrids have good disease resistance.

2. Wrong choice of landing site

Often, gardeners planted tomato seedlings incorrectly: varieties intended for growing in open ground are planted in a greenhouse, and greenhouse hybrids in open ground. Low-growing varieties cannot produce high yields when grown in a greenhouse. Greenhouse hybrids in the open field will also not be able to show good results in the open field, since they suffer from sudden changes in temperature, they are easily affected by diseases, and they are also poorly pollinated under conditions of high air humidity.

3. Growing tomatoes and cucumbers in one greenhouse

Cucumbers require a higher temperature and humidity than tomatoes. Tomatoes need frequent airing.

Diseases and pests in these two crops are also different, therefore, preventive measures and treatments must be carried out individually.

4. Incorrect formation of tomatoes

It is sometimes a pity to remove strong lateral shoots. In addition, gardeners often forget to pinch the top, which is why the bush turns out to be spreading and does not bear fruit.

In the open field, it is rarely possible to grow more than 4 brushes with tomatoes, therefore, after laying the fourth brush and two leaves, it is recommended to pinch the stem to remove the growth point and allow the fruits to grow and ripen.

5. Banner of tomato stem

It is recommended to tie the tomatoes to the trellis without pinching the stem. When twisting, the twine is wrapped around the stem, and not the stem around the twine.

6. Late removal of side shoots

If the lateral shoots growing from the leaf axils are removed late, the plant may give a poor harvest. Stepchildren should be removed at a height of 3-4 cm. This is due to the fact that tomatoes actively consume nutrients for the development of unnecessary shoots.

Stepsons should be plucked at the very base. This operation should be performed in the morning when the weather is dry. If you leave a stump, then pathogens will immediately appear on its dying tissues.

7. Malnutrition of tomatoes

Often gardeners overfeed tomatoes, resulting in the formation of powerful shoots and large leaves to the detriment of fruiting. This happens when too much manure is applied under the plants.

Eating disorders are also associated with a lack of certain elements, such as magnesium. This is manifested in the yellowing of the leaf tissue between the veins. With magnesium starvation, foliar dressing should be carried out with a 5% solution of magnesium sulfate every 10 days.

8. Closing the greenhouse for a long time

At high levels of humidity and temperature, you should not close the greenhouse where the tomatoes grow. Because of this, their pollen grains stick together. Because of this, normal pollination of flowers does not occur, which means that there will be no fruits in plants.

9. Ignoring processing times

In greenhouses, tomatoes should be treated with biological products once every two weeks, as well as during fruiting - immediately after the next harvest.

10. Procurement of seeds of hybrids

You should not harvest the seeds of the hybrids yourself, as they may not make good and healthy plants. Buy seeds from trusted producers.

Now you know how to avoid the hassle of growing tomatoes. We hope that the harvest will not disappoint you in the coming season.

How to grow tomatoes?

Some biological features of growing tomatoes

Tomato, or tomato, is a perennial plant belonging to the nightshade family, but it is cultivated universally as an annual vegetable crop. The homeland of the tomato is South America, where its semi-cultural and wild plantings are still common. It came to Russia from Western Europe and was initially cultivated as an ornamental crop, but thanks to the Russian agronomist A.T. Bolotov (1738-1833), it was recognized as a vegetable food crop. Nowadays, growing a good harvest of tomatoes is one of the favorite activities of millions of vegetable growers, amateurs and professionals.

Growing tomatoes can be done both in a greenhouse and outdoors, and at home.

Ripe tomato fruits are rich in sugars, contain vitamins of group B, C, vitamin K, carotene and pectin substances, nicotinic and folic acids. They also contain proteins, starches, fiber and many other trace elements useful for the human body. Fresh tomatoes and tomato juice are useful for low-acid gastritis, diseases of the cardiovascular system, anemia, memory impairment and general loss of strength. In addition, there is an opinion that eating a lot of tomatoes helps to prevent cancer.

Types of tomato bush formation.

Growing tomatoes are an extremely successful plant. They are extremely responsive to various agronomic techniques and special care conditions. Amateur vegetable growers grow tomatoes by sowing seeds in open ground, under temporary film shelters, planted in greenhouses and greenhouses, on balconies and loggias, and even grown in rooms on windowsills.

The plant has a highly developed root system. With sufficient moisture and nutrients in the soil, additional roots are formed on any part of the plant stem. Thanks to this ability, the tomato can reproduce not only by seeds, but also by the so-called lateral shoots (stepchildren) and cuttings.

Under favorable conditions, seeds germinate for 4-5 days. The first true leaf is formed approximately on the tenth day after the emergence of shoots, the next 3-4 leaves a week after the first and then each new leaf in 4-5 days. From this moment on, lateral shoots (stepchildren) begin to form in the leaf axils. The period from the first shoots to flowering of plants takes about 60-70 days, from flowering to ripening of fruits 50-70 days.

Type of tomatoes and features of their cultivation

The soil for tomatoes should always be kept loose.

By the type of growth of the bush, tomato varieties are divided into determinant (low-growing) and indeterminate (tall). In determinant varieties, the bush is small or medium (60-180 cm), the main and lateral shoots stop growing when 3-6, sometimes a little more brushes are formed on them. Stepsons are formed only in the lower part of the stem. In indeterminate varieties, plant growth is not limited. The main stem ends with a flower brush, and the stepson of the leaf closest to the apical brush continues to grow the main stem. This happens until the very end of the growing season, which usually ends with the first autumn frost. The bush is tall, two or more meters, but the rate of flowering and fruit formation is lower than that of determinant varieties.

Tomatoes are a heat-loving culture, the optimum temperature for the development and growth of plants is 24-25 degrees. At air temperatures below 10 degrees, the pollen in the flowers of the plant does not ripen and the unfertilized ovary falls off.

The plant does not tolerate high air humidity, but it is demanding for watering, which is necessary for the growth of fruits. With a lack of light, the development of tomatoes is delayed, the leaves turn pale, the stems are strongly elongated. Supplementing plants during the seedling period has a beneficial effect on the quality of seedlings and their productivity.

Proper care of the soil, maintaining it in a loose state, applying the required amount of organic and mineral fertilizers contributes to the fact that tomatoes for growing can be planted on almost any soil. The only exceptions are very acidic soils and salt marshes.

Growing and caring for tomato seedlings

Tomato seedlings can only be grown indoors, in warm greenhouses and by planting seeds in the ground under film shelters. Growing tomatoes begins with sowing seeds in the first half of March to obtain seedlings of early tomatoes. Growing seedlings takes 65-70 days. Sow in seedling boxes filled with soil mixture, peat pots, paper or plastic bags. Liter milk or kefir bags are suitable for this, if you plant two plants in each.

Tomatoes require a certain ambient temperature for growing, so they are recommended to be grown in greenhouses and greenhouses.

To obtain mid-ripening and late varieties of tomato, seeds for seedlings are sown from April 1 to April 10. Seedlings are grown for 60 days in special nurseries, greenhouses or small-sized film shelters. In this case, they are planted, as a rule, directly into the ground under shelters. In this case, the feeding area should be at least 6x6 cm.

If the method of growing seedlings in pots is used, then the seeds are sown directly into the pots. However, more often, especially when growing early tomatoes, the seeds are first sown in sowing boxes and only two weeks after the emergence of seedlings in the phase of 1-2 true leaves are transplanted (dived) to a permanent place.

Before sowing, we prepare seeds, sorting out and selecting the largest of them. Tomato seeds are checked for germination by placing them in a 5% solution of sodium chloride or ammonium nitrate. After 7-10 minutes, heavier seeds will sink to the bottom, and those remaining afloat are discarded. Then the selected seeds are disinfected. To do this, they are immersed in water heated to 50 degrees for 5 minutes, and then cooled in cold water. In conclusion, we soak the seeds in clean water at room temperature. Soaking takes place in a gauze bag filled with seeds to half the volume. Tomato seeds are soaked for 1-2 days, while the water is changed 2 times.

Seeds are sown to a depth of 1-2 cm. After seeding the seeds with soil through a strainer, watering with warm water is carried out and, closing the boxes with foil, put them in a dark place. The temperature is maintained at 24-25 degrees, with exact observance of the temperature regime, seedlings appear quite quickly.After their appearance, the film is removed, and the temperature, in order to avoid stretching the seedlings, is reduced to 15 degrees within a week. Then it is raised again to 24-25 degrees.

During the cultivation of seedlings, moderate soil moisture is maintained by conducting 1-2 waterings per week. The first feeding of seedlings is carried out 10-12 days after the pick, for this 5-7 g of ammonium nitrate, 15 g of potassium chloride and 40-50 g of superphosphate are dissolved in a bucket of water. If necessary, subsequent dressings are given at intervals of two weeks, while the concentration of fertilizers is doubled. Top dressing can also be carried out with organic fertilizers. To do this, use a slurry solution, diluting horse manure with water 5 times, cow manure - 10 times, chicken droppings - 15 times. A glass of ash or 25 g of superphosphate is added to a bucket of such a solution.

Two weeks before planting the seedlings, they begin to harden it, lowering the temperature to 15 degrees, and in a few days they bring it to the level of the outside temperature, covering it only when there is a danger of frost. High-quality seedlings have a height of 15-25 cm, a stem 5 mm thick, 6-9 true leaves and 1-2 flower clusters.

Growing tomatoes in the open field

Tomatoes should not be planted near potatoes.

A seedless method is to plant seeds in open ground at a permanent place for growing tomatoes. The seedless method is practiced only in the southern regions and is carried out two weeks before the end of the last frost. Usually, an ordinary method of sowing with a spacing of 65-70 cm is used. The seeds are sown to a depth of 2-5 cm. The density of plant stands in a row is formed by thinning out germinated seedlings, removing less viable shoots from the row. The first is carried out when two true leaves are formed at the seedlings, leaving 20-25 cm between plants in a row. The second - in the phase when plants have 5-6 leaves, leave 40-50 cm between plants, focusing on the size of the bush. In the climatic conditions of the south, summer and even summer-autumn re-cultivation is possible, which is used after harvesting early vegetable crops and greenery.

How to grow tomatoes correctly? Tomatoes are planted away from potato plantings, after vegetable crops that do not belong to the nightshade family. In areas where such predecessors were grown, planting and growing tomatoes is allowed no earlier than 3-5 years. Violation of this rule inevitably leads to plant diseases with common diseases, such as late blight.

Autumn care of the planting site includes digging 30-35 cm deep and the introduction of organic or mineral fertilizers. On fertile soils, only the introduction of mineral fertilizers is used: 10 g of nitrogen, 10-15 g of phosphorus and 5-12 g of potash fertilizers per square meter. The full dose of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers is applied during digging in the fall, and the full dose of nitrogen fertilizers is applied before planting in the spring. On marginal soils, organic matter is introduced in the fall at the rate of 6-7 kg / sq.m.

When using a seedless planting method, we must not forget that weed control is of paramount importance. Tomato plants do not grow quickly after germination and can be drowned out by fast-growing weeds.

When growing tomatoes with seedlings, an ordinary one is used, with a row spacing of 70 cm, a method of planting it in open ground or a belt method. With the belt method, the aisles alternate every 50 and 90 cm. Such methods provide planting from 3-4 to 6 plants per sq. M. For giant varieties, the area of ​​plant nutrition, respectively, is increased by 3-5 times.

Scheme of pinching tomatoes.

Before planting, water is poured into the holes for seedlings, at least a liter. It's a good idea to add a handful of wood ash to the hole. Plants are planted vertically, somewhat deeper than they grew in the nursery. In potted seedlings, the pots are sprinkled with a layer of earth of 2-3 cm, in order to avoid drying out.Elongated or overgrown seedlings are planted obliquely, leaving only fruit clusters with 2-3 leaves under them not covered. Leaves from the covered parts of the stems must be removed without fail. Additional roots are subsequently formed on the sprinkled parts of the plant stem. As the plants grow, they are tied to stakes.

The subsequent care of plants includes a lot of watering, loosening the soil, feeding with nutrient mixtures, pinching growth points, pinching, pest and disease control. Water the plants when planting seedlings and during the entire growing season, taking into account weather conditions. Watering time is early morning or evening. Loosening of the soil is carried out at least 4-5 times per season, while the plants are plowed up (to form additional roots).

The first time feeding is carried out two weeks after planting the seedlings, with a seedless culture in the phase of 5-6 true leaves. At the same time, 10 g of ammonium nitrate and 15 g of superphosphate are introduced per 1 square meter. The second feeding is carried out with the beginning of fruit formation, using 5-10 g of ammonium nitrate and 15 g of potassium sulfate. Foliar feeding of tomatoes with a 0.5% superphosphate solution is very effective.

Once a week, pinching is carried out, removing side shoots when they reach 4 cm in length. Only some early ripening varieties with limited growth do not stepchild. To obtain larger fruits in clusters with many inflorescences, a technology is used when part of the flowers is plucked out. In early August, pinching of growth points is used, since the fruits no longer have time to grow and ripen.Pinching growth points prevents the formation of new flower clusters, and all the nutrients go to the ripening of existing fruits.

Harvesting and methods of fruit ripening

Diagram of the structure of a tomato flower.

Tomatoes are harvested every 4-5 days, and more often at the peak of fruiting. For current consumption, fully ripe fruits are harvested, but to increase yields, a method is used in which a lot of brown or milky fruits are harvested. The post-harvest ripening technology is applied to the fruits collected in this way. The ripening method is also applied to the fruits of the last collection, when all the fruits are harvested, regardless of their degree of maturity (since they will no longer be able to grow).

When ripening or laying fruits for storage, you should know that ripe fruits emit ethylene - a gas that accelerates the ripening of neighboring fruits. This factor must be taken into account when ripening fruits or when laying them for storage. In addition, fruits of different ripeness are stored at different temperatures. Mature - at 1-2 degrees, brown - 5-6 degrees, dairy and green - 10-12 degrees.

Technology and method of obtaining seeds

To use the listed methods of growing tomatoes, it is better to take seeds of your own production. To do this, we select the earliest and most productive healthy plants, which we mark by observing their growth and development. We select fully ripe fruits from the first and second bunch of mother plants. The fruits are taken immediately after their reddening, preventing them from overripening. Selected fruits are washed, dried and cut across. We select seeds from the cut halves with a spoon, placing them in a glass or enamel dish. We are waiting for the seeds to ferment in their own juice. A sign of seed readiness is the formation of a film and clarification of the juice. Then they need to be rinsed with clean running water, dried thoroughly, sprinkled on paper. Finished seeds are stored in paper bags at room temperature.

How to grow tomato seedlings?

The quality of the seedlings will be, the good the tomato harvest will be. To grow tomatoes well in the garden, you first need to learn how to grow tomato seedlings at home.The tomato seedlings at home are of high quality and they take root well in the garden, which cannot be said about purchased seedlings.

The seedling material plays a very important role, because good seeds are the main guarantee of an excellent harvest.

Selection and preparation of seedlings

Someone argues that you need to use only sown fruits that grow in your own garden, while others are convinced that the material needs to be bought.

Seeds are bought by beginners who will grow tomatoes at home for the first time. People who want to develop a new tomato variety will also purchase seedling material.

When choosing, you need to remember that tomatoes are divided into:

• determinant, they bear fruit in the early stages and they have a certain height;
• indeterminate, yield all season and grow tall.

For the results to be successful, the seeds must be prepared in advance. Usually, the procedures are carried out one or two days before seedling. First selected quality seedlings, this is a great help for the container, which needs to be filled with water by half. You need to immerse the seeds of tomatoes in the container, the bad ones begin to float immediately, because they are empty, and the seeds from which you can get excellent seedlings sink to the bottom. If you plan to plant several different varieties of tomatoes, it is better to use gauze or napkins so that after this procedure you can pack the seedlings.

> Next, the seeds disinfected and they are soaked to swell. Thus, healthy seedlings and high-quality fruits are obtained. In order to process the grains of tomatoes, a solution of potassium permanganate is used, it is very simple to make it at home. It is necessary to dilute a few grains of potassium permanganate in a small amount of warm water, the color should turn out to be deep purple. It is recommended to keep tomato seedlings in this liquid for about twenty-five minutes.

Now you can place the seeds that have been defatted, into purified water at room temperatureso that they can swell before being planted. If tomato seeds are fresh, then eight to ten hours will be enough for them, and the old ones need more time. This applies to those materials that were harvested more than three years ago; for such seeds, a solution is recommended to help germination.

How to grow good tomato seedlings?

To plant, you can start from February, March or April. This is depends on the climate in which tomatoes will be planted and on the conditions in which they will grow. For beginners, there is another way, which involves planting seedlings in three stagesat intervals of seven days. Thus, the best period for a particular region is recognized.

It is imperative to prepare good soil in order to grow good tomato seedlings. Ordinary soil from the beds is great, which needs to be supplemented:

1. Humus;
2. Greenhouse land;
3. A small amount of peat.

It is also recommended to use soil mixtures for future tomato seedlings. These mixtures should consist of equal parts:

• humus;
• peat;
• sod land;
• five grams of urea;
• five grams of potassium sulfate;
• five grams of superphosphate.

People who want to deal with tomato seedlings at home, but who do not have the opportunity to prepare these mixtures on their own, can simply buy soil. All flower shops sell soil for seedlings.

If the seedling mixture is not purchased, it must be disinfected, this is done in order to prevent the possibility of infection of sprouts black skin and protect them from pests and insects. Ready mixes can be heat treated. It is better to make soil in the fall and put it in such a room so that it freezes in winter.

There are special containers with lids for tomato seedlings, which allow you to create a greenhouse effect, with such inventions it will be very easy to make tomato seedlings.

How is sowing

Whether the seedlings were treated and what exactly depends on how the sowing will take place. Grow tomatoes from sprouted seeds, you need to soil moistening and the formation of a small hole in it, the depth of which should be less than a centimeter. The distance between the holes is usually two or three centimeters. At the end of the process, planting should be sprinkled with a small amount of soil and not watered.

> If fresh dry seeds are used, the holes should be one and a half centimeters deep. After all the holes are sown, you need to water them, a small watering can is ideal for this.

Seedling care

Growing tomato seedlings mostly depends on the conditions where they grow and on care.

Care begins by covering the containers in which the vegetable seeds are planted. Thus, a greenhouse is created and the germination of seedlings is accelerated. If simple boxes are used, then they are covered with glass or cling film. Special containers have lids.

Place the containers in a room with very good lighting and maintain the temperature there. twenty or twenty four degreesuntil the first shoots appear. The accumulated condensate must be constantly removed from the films and covers. The soil is watered if necessary; for this, a sprayer is used, in which there is water at room temperature.

With the appearance of the first tomato sprouts, the lids can be opened, and the film can be removed altogether. After seven days, the temperature drops to eighteen degrees.

There should not be a lot of water, the soil must be moistened as it dries up, otherwise rot and disease of sprouts will form. As soon as the first pair of full-fledged seedling leaves appears, you can start combining watering with top dressing... Organic fertilizers are great for this.

When there are three leaves on each sprout, you can start making a pick. This applies to options with boxes. If cups are used, this is not necessary. When transplanting, each sprout is placed in a larger container, where holes are made in advance. This is how the root system is created even before transplanting to the garden. After a dive, it is necessary within keep the sprouts in a room with a high temperature for two or four days, after a maximum of 4 days, you need to set the previous temperature. The soil should not dry out, it must be watered moderately and regularly.

At home, the following actions are performed:

1. Top dressing

2. Slight loosening of the soil.

3. Watering the soil and preventing it from drying out.

4. Turns around its axis of special containers with landings.

Before planting on the beds, it is recommended to harden the seedlings. For example, you can take out containers to the balcony, gradually increasing the time. It is recommended to start hardening seven or ten days before transplanting.

Where and when is it better to plant

Plant seedlings grown at home, start in the second half of May and end in early June. Everything is determined by the climatic conditions of individual regions. It is recommended to plant sprouts outside after abundant watering, this will prevent damage to the roots.

It is important to choose the right place; for tomatoes, the area where carrots, onions or cucumbers were grown is perfect. To get good bushes and an excellent harvest, at first, the seedlings should be protected from frost, which may accidentally occur if the planting is done early. Further, you need to water in a timely manner, loosen the soil, fertilize and tie up if high varieties grow.

> For Russia, the best solution would be to grow tomatoes in a separate room under special phytolamps and lamps DNaT, DNaZ. They create the ideal conditions for the seedlings to grow stronger and stretch out. It remains only to follow the daylight hours, which is from twelve to fourteen hours a day, water and feed vegetables on time. In the future, the most important thing is the correct transplant.

It can be concluded that it is not so difficult to grow seedlings of appetizing and juicy tomatoes at home. The most important thing is to decide on the timing of sowing seeds and strictly follow all the recommendations described. You can also buy special literature, usually sold in flower shops. Everything is written there in sufficient detail, with illustrations and diagrams. Having tried to grow tomatoes once, people usually do not stop, but become real fans, growing new varieties of tomatoes and constantly increasing their professionalism.

ogorod.guru

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Typical mistakes when growing tomatoes are made by every summer resident, because no one has yet found the ideal scheme. But if you improve your knowledge every day, take good care of tomatoes and try to minimize the conditions that create problems, everything can work out!

Every day we try to improve our own growing technique, but sometimes we forget about the possible consequences and take risky steps. suggests not chasing experiments and more accurately following the rules of agricultural technology, because only then can you count on a positive result.

A high-quality result in growing tomatoes is possible only if special rules are followed.

What mistakes do we make when growing tomatoes?

The following list can be safely called a gardener's memo, because if you try to exclude known mistakes as much as possible, and devote more time to cultivated plants, then you will not have to be nervous during the harvest period!

Here are good tomatoes grown without mistakes

Wrong choice of tomato seeds

We will start from the very beginning, namely, with the purchase of tomato seeds. So, try to choose quality hybrids that are adapted to your region. They are more resistant to climatic factors, diseases and pests. Therefore, it is quite possible to get a yield increased by about 20-30% (perhaps the article on sowing tomato seedlings will also be useful to you).

You should not take seeds in bulk, defining them in appearance, try to shop from trusted sellers, or better in special nurseries, where experts will not just give you a glass of seeds for seedlings, but describe the best variety of tomatoes for a greenhouse or open ground, and select the right one according to your requirements.

Poor quality seeds seriously affect the yield in the greenhouse and open field

Change of varieties between greenhouse and open field

It is necessary to understand that there are a lot of greenhouse hybrids, as well as varietal tomatoes for open ground. Of course, you can experiment, but there is no point in this, and therefore there is no point in planting greenhouse tomatoes on the street and, conversely, from open ground in a greenhouse.

Each variety has its own requirements for temperature, humidity and freshness of the air, soil and the possibility of pollination, and therefore changing the location, you immediately change the positive factors to negative ones. The result, we believe, you yourself understand.

Remember that each tomato variety has its own growing area

The right choice of tomato seedlings

We have already told you how to choose the right seedlings, and therefore we will only remind you that the material on the topic is already on the site! Use the advice of experts, and a good tomato garden will surely rise from high-quality seedlings!

High-quality tomato seedlings are the first step to high yields

The choice of film for the greenhouse

If you are building a greenhouse or greenhouse, and then independently grow seedlings and adult plants, it is necessary and correct to choose the material for covering the structure.

Most often, this is a plastic film, and we try not to think about its quality, checking only the strength and light transmission at the point of purchase. These are important factors when growing a wide variety of greenhouse plants, but there are others to look out for as well.

You do not need to take the thickest or most expensive film, considering that it will last longer. Choose a hydrophilic, unstabilized one, on the inner surface of which only droplet condensate forms. When using it, the drops will not fall down on the bushes and fruits, but will simply run down. In addition to this advantage, it is worth evaluating the dust-repellent properties of the material and the ability to better maintain the internal temperature.

The best film for a greenhouse and an inexpensive greenhouse

Lighting and temperature

Most of us assume that strong light and high temperatures give the plants the opportunity to stretch upward, and their fruits - to pour. But this is not always the case, especially if we are talking about tomatoes. Be sure to pay attention to such modes, because experienced specialists have long known that the best temperature for tomato growth is + 8 + 10 ° C, but the illumination should remain within 15 hours.

Be sure to observe temperature conditions, provide high-quality lighting

Seedlings of tomatoes with inflorescences

Buy strong seedlings, but without inflorescences, as promises of an early harvest do not always turn out to be true. The most important thing when planting seedlings is rooting, and only then the color and ovary. Accordingly, when buying high-quality seedlings, flowering will appear very soon.

Seedling tomato with flowers is not the best option

Watering tomatoes

Tomatoes do not like water, like cucumbers, and therefore such frequent watering can only contribute to decay of the root system or the development of diseases. Try to water about once a week, but make it abundant by watering the soil itself around each bush or in a row, not the tomato leaves.

Watering tomatoes requires a special attitude and regime.

Grassing tomatoes

Tomato bushes should be grazed on time, at the moment when the shoot length reaches 3-4 cm. It makes no sense to do this later.

You should not leave the so-called hemp when pinching - pinched processes. Many summer residents feel sorry for the plant, and there are many hemp on the bushes after pinching. But their presence only leads to a more active vital activity of various microorganisms on the surface of the tomato bush, and therefore try to remove the stepsons to the very base.

Correct pinching will help increase the yield of tomatoes.

Formation of tomato bushes

Have you decided to take pity on the tomato bushes in the garden or in the greenhouse? Get branchy plants with strong lateral shoots that have started to grow fruit so they just lie on the ground. Below is a spoiled tomato, and above, due to the increased supply of nutrients to the lower fruits, there is also no result.

Do not feel sorry for the tomatoes, you need to do the right thing - remove the side shoots in time and pinch the top. Remember, it is you who decide how to grow the tomato bush, and believe me, this will only lead to better results.

The formation of tomato bushes is the most important stage in growing!

Ignoring disease prevention

It is very wrong to wait until the cultivated plants in the garden start to hurt; it is necessary to take preventive measures constantly to prevent complex diseases.

We begin to think about how to save tomato bushes at the moment when they are on the verge of death. We go to the market, choose drugs, consult for a long time at the forums, come to the dacha, and there is nothing to save.

Make sure in advance that you know how to diagnose diseases (powdery mildew, rot, etc.) and pests (scoop, aphid, bear) of tomatoes in order to be able to save the planting in time, and it is better to carry out preventive treatments when planting seedlings, after the beginning of flowering, during the time of fruit formation (strictly according to the agricultural technology of the variety).

Do you want healthy tomatoes in your garden and greenhouse? Timely prevention will help!

Garter tomatoes

Don't you pinch tomatoes, don't remove the side stalks, and even don't tie up weighty bushes? How then are you going to get a good harvest? In such cases, rotting of fruits, the formation of uneven ovaries, breaking a bush under the weight, late blight of tomatoes, eating fruits by ground pests and so on is possible.

Be sure to tie to the trellis or supports, choosing a soft twine for this and making a turn for each internode, without pulling the stem.

Remember to tie the tomato bushes properly.

Growing tomatoes in a greenhouse without ventilation

It will be almost impossible to get fruits in this way, especially if you come to the dacha only on weekends, and tomatoes wait a whole week for airing in a musty greenhouse.

In such a case, it is possible for pollen grains to stick together, pollination stops, and a significant decrease in the number of fruits on the bush. If there is an ovary, then the fruit will be hollow, of poor quality, deformed.

Timely airing of the greenhouse will help grow large and juicy tomatoes.

Growing tomatoes and cucumbers in the same greenhouse

You should not plant cucumbers and tomatoes in the same greenhouse, this will definitely not lead to a good result. These plants have different agricultural techniques and care requirements, completely different preferences for air temperature and ventilation, and preventive measures.

Do not make such mistakes, otherwise you will not get a good harvest from either cucumbers or tomatoes.

Do not grow tomatoes and cucumbers in the same greenhouse at the same time.

Thickened planting of tomatoes

The more often tomatoes are planted and the higher they climb the trellis or supports, the more leaves need to be removed from the bushes in order to organize the most correct ventilation. More this concerns greenhouse conditions, where, of course, you can get a high result at the end of the season, but for this you will need to work hard.

Thickened planting of tomatoes is a problem! Try to make plantings more rare, as in this photo.

Remember, preventing tomato diseases is much easier than coping with them later!

Top dressing tomatoes

Here we will only say a couple of things - do not overdo it with nitrogen, which will help drive out only serious greens, and also be sure to pay attention to the set of special elements for tomatoes. You shouldn't dwell on just one or two of them, as each variety requires its own set of nutrients.

Top dressing is very important for tomatoes, but only correct and timely

Tomato processing, spraying

Classical methods such as spraying only with Bordeaux mixture save in rare cases, and therefore this is not the best method of prevention. During the period of growth of the bush and ripening of the fruit, tomatoes need much more than one preparation. The choice of processing methods and means is necessary depending on the region, variety, cultivation in the open field and in the greenhouse.

But we can give you an example so that you understand how much we can offer today to tomato beds for better ripening and a good harvest.

• At the very beginning, seeds that are still purchased or grown independently are processed with manganese.
• This is followed by processing for planting seedlings, to improve rooting and destroy the bear.
• Before flowering, preventive treatment with Abiga Peak, after - with Fitosporin and Ridomil.
• During the growth of the fruits, you can switch to Actellik or Fufanon, and before picking the tomatoes, use Oxyhom and Lepidocide.

Do not forget to process and spray tomato bushes

As you can see, it is necessary to carefully inspect the beds, monitor the condition of the bushes and fruits, but, even without noticing the problems, still carry out preventive spraying and treatment.

How to grow tomatoes correctly (video)

There are a lot of mistakes when growing tomatoes., and it is very difficult to collect them all in one article. Therefore, we will be grateful if you can help us supplement this knowledge base in the comments.

And where is it better to grow tomatoes, in a greenhouse or on open ground? where will the best harvest be? thank you :-)

Kadriya Guryeva

On the open ground the tomato is "real", both in taste and in appearance, but there is a problem - late blight. It can be avoided if preventive measures are taken in time. (in the first year, without knowing, I ruined the entire harvest, there were more tears than fruits). At least 3 times a season I treat it with phytophtorin. Spraying 1 tbsp on a bucket of water also helps a lot. milk.
There is no such problem in the greenhouse, but they look waxy and are inferior in taste ....

Elena Elistratova

depends on the land, fertilizers and climate, and also on your skill

ivanov denis

tomatoes love warmth so in the greenhouse! and then what would you need to lie in Russia is cold then

8888

kaneshn in the greenhouse

Katyusha

Only in the greenhouse will they grow better and ripen faster.

New day

Of course, a greenhouse is preferable. Tomatoes do not like cold nights, and rainy and cool weather for them is a direct path to late blight, which can completely rob you of your harvest.
If there is an opportunity to purchase a greenhouse, great. No - take the drug ProfitGold, an excellent prophylactic agent against late blight

Galina Ostroumova

In Siberia, without a greenhouse, you pick tomatoes in August, green. And they will ripen at home in a box and rot. Only in a greenhouse can you get a good harvest.

Olga Malysheva

I grow both there and there. There are varieties for greenhouses and for open ground. Probably, the yield in the greenhouse will still be higher (again - a variety), but in the open field my harvest pleases me ...

It's outdoors. Perm Territory.

Natalia Brovko

The most delicious tomato grown in the open sun and air.

Julia Gribovskaya

The most delicious tomatoes are grown in warm climates. I remember 2 years ago I was in Italy.What tomatoes are there !! ! I have never eaten such! I bought seeds and grew them in my Leningrad region. - Tomatoes turned out like tomatoes, nothing special. The sun is NOT THAT! This year I will try to grow in the open field, as an experiment.

star Rain

In the Moscow region, I grow tomatoes in a greenhouse - the harvest is wonderful and the taste is excellent. And yet, I remembered that in the Canary Islands tomatoes are also grown in greenhouses due to viral diseases, and then they are sold all over the world.
I planted it earlier in the open field - the harvest is less and the taste is not the same.

Evgeniya Taratutina

And it makes no sense for us to have a greenhouse. Summer is hot, short is true The soil is sandy. With watering, you will really be tortured. Sometimes you have to water it 2 times a day. The fruits are boiled on the bush.

Today it is difficult to find gardeners who would not be engaged in growing tomatoes on their personal plot. This vegetable can be grown with equal success in the open field and in greenhouses. The ability to get a good harvest and ease of caring for tomatoes makes them quite popular with summer residents and gardeners.

We will tell you how to properly grow tomatoes in greenhouses.

Selection of tomato varieties for growing in a greenhouse

You can find dozens, if not hundreds, of different varieties of tomatoes in specialist gardening stores. All this invariably complicates the choice, summer residents often cannot choose the right variety that would be suitable for growing in greenhouses. Breeders have developed special varieties intended exclusively for cultivation in greenhouses.

When properly cared for, these varieties of tomatoes will produce an excellent tasting crop. It is only necessary to properly care for the plantings and observe the technology of growing vegetables in the greenhouse.

When choosing tomato varieties, you should first determine whether the grown crop will be used for canning or fresh consumption. You can pick up varieties of tomatoes that differ in fruit size and their purpose.

Cherry, Grouse, Hermitage varieties are very popular when growing tomatoes in greenhouses.

Greenhouse preparation

When growing tomatoes, remember that this is a light and heat-loving crop. The favorable temperature for growing this vegetable is in the range of 20 - 25 degrees. That is why you need to correctly determine the place where the greenhouse will be installed. Experts advise choosing the most illuminated areas for the location of such a greenhouse. We can recommend you to use polycarbonate greenhouses, which create optimal conditions for growing tomatoes.

If you use film greenhouses, then you should construct structures with several layers of polyethylene, and the air gap inside will provide additional insulation for the greenhouse. Do not forget about the need for vents on the sides, which will provide adequate ventilation in the greenhouse. By properly equipping the greenhouse, you can greatly simplify the cultivation of tomatoes.

Preparing the soil for tomato seedlings

When growing tomatoes, remember that the subsequent yield and the success of growing tomatoes in a greenhouse depend on the quality of the soil. This culture is notable for its whimsicality in terms of the correct preparation of the soil. The optimal content of trace elements in the soil will ensure the full growth of plants and their high-quality fruiting.

• It is recommended to dilute loamy soils with sawdust, humus and peat.
• Sod, humus and dry sawdust are introduced into peat soils.
• It is recommended to add sand with humus to black soil.

Regardless of the type of soil, it is necessary to add the appropriate mineral fertilizers: superphosphate with nitrate, after which they dig up the soil with high quality.Also, experienced gardeners recommend adding wood ash, which will allow you to get an excellent harvest in the future. Note that without soil preparation, even high-quality seedlings will not give any good result. That is why pay due attention to soil preparation issues.

The formation of the beds is carried out a week before the direct planting of seedlings in the ground. It is necessary to form beds about 40 centimeters high and 100 centimeters wide. To simplify the use of the greenhouse between the beds, leave a passage 70 centimeters wide. Before direct planting tomato seedlings in the ground, the soil should be well loosened and moistened.

Transplanting tomato seedlings into the ground

When growing tomatoes in greenhouses, it is recommended to use special varieties that are resistant to various plant diseases and are small in size. It is recommended to plant seeds for seedlings in prepared soil, which will be used in the greenhouse itself. In the future, this will relieve you of the stress of the plants when replanting them. As soon as the seedlings reach a height of 30 centimeters, they can be transplanted into the ground. Most summer residents perform such a transplant of seedlings in early May.

When planting plants, it is necessary to observe the minimum distance, which for medium-sized varieties is 40 centimeters, and for tall bushes 60 centimeters.

Young bushes must be planted vertically and cover the stem with earth to the first leaves. A small amount of mineral fertilizers and organic matter is added to the prepared soil before planting. It is also recommended to shed the earth with a weak solution of potassium permanganate.

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Tomato care

When growing tomatoes, you need to remember that the yield of this vegetable directly depends on how well the care of the plant was provided. Proper tomato care is as follows:

• Carrying out a garter of bushes.
• Loosening and weeding of the soil.
• Stealing.
• Timely fertilization.
• Regular and timely watering.
• Protection from disease.

Only an integrated approach to growing this vegetable will allow you to get an excellent harvest. Watering the seedlings is necessary every five days. Watering abundantly will negatively affect the condition of the tomato, so try to properly water this garden crop.

Many gardeners have a negative attitude towards the prospect of using fertilizers, and refuse to apply fertilizers. However, in reality, this only worsens the yield, and with the right choice of fertilizers and adherence to the dosages, you will in no way worsen the quality of the grown tomatoes. Mullein and nitrophosphate are used for feeding. Fertilization with potassium sulfate is also performed, and superphosphate and ash are additionally introduced.

Watch a video on how to pinch a tomato

Certain difficulties for gardeners are the fight against various pests that harm tomato plantings. Of the common pests, we can note the wireworm, bear, whitefly. You can purchase appropriate chemicals to avoid the hassle of dealing with these pests. One should not forget about the processing of plantings from late blight and black leg. For the prevention of tomato diseases, it is recommended to use drugs such as Barrier and Zaslon. From folk recipes, we recommend a garlic solution.

Such protective spraying against diseases is carried out three times:

• The first treatment 20 days after transplanting the seedlings into the ground.
• The second treatment is performed 20 days later.
• The third spraying is performed when flowering appears on the bushes.

Also, remember to regularly harvest ripe tomatoes as this will help increase the overall yield when growing tomatoes.

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