Actinidia varieties are the best

Actinidia is a popular plant of the subtropical zone, belongs to the genus of shrub vines. Actinidia kolomikta and its varieties for the Moscow region, photos of which are presented in the article, are known for delicious fruits. Many varieties are suitable even for the harsh Russian climate, and their characteristics will be outlined a little below.

Characteristic features of actinidia kolomikta

Thanks to the efforts of breeders, such an outlandish plant as actinidia kolomikta is successfully grown and bears fruit even in the regions of the Russian Federation. This species is frost-hardy, tolerant of the harsh conditions of our climatic zone and is rather unpretentious to care for.

Outwardly, actinidia kolomikta resembles a liana with weaving branches and large leaves in the shape of a heart. The color scheme of foliage is inconsistent and changes depending on the season. The flowering of actinidia begins in mid-May and can last for several weeks; the flowers are irregular in shape and have a pleasant fragrant aroma. The plant bears fruit since August, but often this phase is delayed until October.

The fruits of actinidia contain a whole range of vitamins and nutrients:

• vitamins C, P, group B;
• citric, malic, oxalic acids;
• glucose;
• polyphenols;
• biologically active substances.

Actinidia kolomikta holds the record for vitamin C content, leaving far behind lemon and black currant.

As preparations for the winter, many housewives grind fruits with sugar or dry them. However, when consumed, one should take into account the fact that the berries have a strong laxative effect, and dose their use.

Actinidia kolomikta belongs to dioecious plants, there are male and female types. When planting in a garden, it is necessary to place male and female plants side by side so that the crop yield is full. Propagated by cuttings, which are best planted in the ground in spring.

The best varieties of actinidia kolomikta for the Moscow region

The climatic conditions of the Moscow region are rather harsh. There are frosts in the spring-winter period and dry summer days. The optimal area for the cultivation of actinidia kolomikta is the southern regions, but with the help of the efforts of breeders, some varieties of tropical plants are suitable for growing in the Moscow region, the presented photos of each of them will help gardeners to determine belonging to a particular variety.

The most recommended varieties of actinidia kolomikta for growing in the Moscow region:

• Doctor Shimanovsky;
• Adam;
• September;
• Vitacola;
• Gourmet.

Actinidia kolomikta Dr. Shimanovsky is a type of plant with small oval-shaped berries that ripen in August. It is advisable to plant this variety in a sunny place, but not in direct scorching rays, the presence of a light shade is required. The berries have a pronounced apple and pineapple aroma.

Actinidia kolomikta Adam is an ornamental variety with unusually colored foliage that blooms in green, turns white by the end of spring, and acquires a pink color by autumn, the color saturation is constantly increasing.This variety loves sunny, low wind places, is perfect for decoration purposes when creating hedges, gazebos, arches, landscaping balconies and loggias. Adam is a male type of actinidia colomicta. During flowering, it becomes covered with small white inflorescences, exuding a pleasant aroma, similar to the scent of lemon. The variety grows very quickly, reaching a height of four meters.

Actinidia kolomikta September is a frost-resistant species that can withstand temperatures down to 40 C. It is characterized by high productivity, greenish-yellow fruits have a pleasant taste. For pollination, it is recommended to plant near actinidia of the Adam variety. The plant spreads along the ground or twines around trees, installed supports.

Actinidia kolomikta Vitacola - the variety has large oblong fruits, collected in bunches of two or three berries. Vitacola begins to ripen in stages by mid-August. Leaves have an inherent decorative color in white-green or pink tones. The plant begins to bear fruit in the third year after planting in open ground, belongs to the female type, grows to a height of three to four meters.

Actinidia kolomikta Lakomka is distinguished by the large size of the berries. Cylindrical fruits of bright green color with white stripes, with a rich pineapple aroma. Ripening time is in August-September.

Features of care for actinidia kolomikta

A distinctive feature of the actinidia kolomikt is its frost resistance, but to ensure safe wintering, it is necessary to additionally cover the plant in late autumn. Given the culture's love of branching, it should be provided with additional supports.

It is preferable to choose soil with an admixture of clay or sand so that it is loose and quickly moistened. It is recommended to plant actinidia in early May; keep a distance of at least two meters between the plants. The upper layers of the soil should be enriched with humus or rotted organic fertilizers. For good fertility, the crop should be regularly fed with nitrogen-containing compounds.

It is necessary to organize watering of actinidia kolomikt by airborne droplets in the evening, on hot days it is imperative to additionally moisten the soil around the plant. Loosening is carried out often, followed by mulching of the near-stem area.

Actinidia rhizomes are well developed and located shallow underground. This fact should be taken into account when loosening the soil, so as not to damage the roots.

Considering all the above recommendations, each gardener can grow actinidia kolomikta on his site by choosing one of the recommended varieties for the Moscow region from the photo.

Interesting about actinidia kolomikta - video

Actinidia can be described as a liana-like plant with a powerful tree-like stem that is covered with large leaves. There was a time when this plant was widely used for decorative purposes.

However, later, on some varieties, it was possible to find fruits with a pleasant taste. As a result, wild-growing actinidia began to be used as a base for breeding fruit-bearing varieties. One of them has become especially popular and widely known even in our country. This is the well-known kiwi.

It can be grown only in a subtropical climate. Actinidia Kolomikta, which has many properties similar to kiwi, appears to be of a slightly different plan. Today, this variety can be grown even in the Russian climate, and the berries are just as tasty and high-quality as that of the popular fruit.

Description and features of actinidia

The efforts of the breeders were not in vain - many new varieties of actinidia have appeared, which can be cultivated in such harsh regions as Siberia, the Urals, the Moscow region, etc.

If the gardener is going to grow actinidia in the conditions of the Moscow region or other harsh regions, then it is recommended to use the Kolomikta variety.

This type of actinidia is not only undemanding to growing conditions, but also has a high frost resistance... Therefore, it will be quite simple to care for him.

• During the growing season, the plant acquires the features of a liana, which forms powerful weaving branches, decorated with silky large heart-shaped leaves. Their length usually does not exceed 15 cm.
• As for the color, it is not constant, so the foliage of actinidia looks new at every season. The decorative nature of actinidia is most clearly manifested in autumn: it is at this time that the leaves and fruits create the most spectacular color contrast.
• The flowering phase of actinidia lasts a long time. The first flowers open at the end of May, remaining in this state for 3 weeks. The beauty of actinidia is provided not so much by the original color as by the unusual shape of the flowers.
• During the flowering period, the plant emits a fragrant aroma reminiscent of lily of the valley, jasmine and lilac. During the fruiting period, the plants enter at different intervals, however, this usually falls on the period from August to October.

Actinidia varieties

The most famous in our country are the following varieties:

1. Pineapple Michurina.
2. Large-fruited.
3. Clara Zetkin.
4. Apricot.
5. Gummy Sweetheart.
6. Onion.

Among the existing varieties of actinidia, species of particular interest to gardeners are Arguta, Kolomikta, Polygama... Therefore, they often have similar names.

These actinidia varieties not only look beautiful, but are also very fruitful, bringing in many berries every season, which have good flavoring properties and are rich in vitamin C.

Types of actinidia and varieties for the Moscow region

Actinidia Kolomikta... Among all varieties, this one is the most suitable for growing in the conditions of the Moscow region and the northern regions. He is not afraid of frosts down to -10 degrees.

It is very simple to care for this plant, so even a non-specialist can cope with this task. In autumn, small fruits ripen, reaching a length of 2.5 cm.

Fruit weight is no more than 5 g. They have a sweet and sour taste. One bush can bear up to 5 kg of fruit annually. Ripening of berries occurs in portions, with a delay in picking, they shatter.

Actinidia Arguta... Although this variety is usually referred to the group of cold-resistant crops, however, it can tolerate frosts of at least -40 degrees.

At the same time, against the background of Kolomikta, this variety stands out for its larger fruits, whose weight is 10 g. One actinidia plant can bear up to 10 kg of berries per season. The fruits that have reached the state of technical maturity remain on the branches until frost.

Actinidia Polygamy... This variety is even less cold-resistant, since it can tolerate temperatures not lower than -35 degrees. Most often grown varieties such as Apricot, Perchik, Start, Krasavitsa.

One of the features is that the berries do not crumble after ripening. Possesses excellent taste properties, at the time of ripening it changes its usual green color to orange.

Choosing a place for growing actinidia

Having decided to grow actinidia on his site, the gardener first of all should decide on a place for planting. It is advisable to provide a support for the plant, which can be used as an arch, fence or gazebo.

In the process of growth, actinidia forms a powerful root system, which can negatively affect neighboring plantings. Because of this, actinidia is recommended place as far away as possible from fruit trees and shrubs.

It should be grown no closer than three meters in relation to neighboring plantings. As a measure of protection, you can use slate or tin, which is dug into the ground around the perimeter of the placement of plants.

It is advisable to plant actinidia in the spring. In the middle zone of our country, a favorable moment for this appears already in April. The vine grows best on the lungs, fertilizer-rich soils.

However, do not count on abundant flowering and fruiting when planting on clay and damp soils. Stagnation of moisture negatively affects the development of the plant, which leads to soaking and death of the rhizome.

In such areas, it is mandatory have to arrange drainage... It is advisable that the pits were prepared in the fall. Plants should be placed no closer than 1.5 m from each other. For 5-7 female plants, there must be at least one male.

Actinidia: planting and care

Before planting, it is necessary to prepare a hole, the diameter and depth of which must be at least 60 cm. First, the bottom must be filled with drainage, for which gravel, expanded clay, crushed stone or river sand are used.

They are laid in a layer of 15 cm.After that, in the pit spread the potting mix, preparing it from half a bucket of humus, sod land, a small amount of ash.

The cultivation technique of actinidia is in many ways reminiscent of grapes. The plant responds well to frequent watering, however, moisture should not stagnate.

An excellent effect is provided by spraying the leaves, which must be practiced in the morning or evening. Actinidia grows better if under a bush loosen the soil regularly.

However, you need to be very careful here, since the root system is close to the surface. The first time the soil is loosened after the snow cover disappears in early spring. If you follow all the measures for the care of actinidia, you can get the first harvest in five years.

Pruning and shaping creepers

As a rule, plant pruning is planned in the fall. A similar decision is correct due to the fact that in this case it is possible to avoid lacrimation of the vine, and as a result, the death of the shoots.

Pruning in the spring is possible only when there is an urgent need for it. And it's best to do this. before the start of the juice movement... Usually this operation is planned for the end of February or the beginning of March.

There are several purposes for which actinidia is pruned in the spring:

• the formation of creepers;
• removal of defective shoots, for example, with signs of disease;
• thinning thickened areas.

It is necessary to remove shoots 2 cm above the bud, using only clean and sharp instrument... The cut should be smooth without any defects such as burrs, splits and bends.

When forming a plant, you can take a two-armed grape pattern as a basis. Then, for at least 10 years, it will bring a high yield, without the need for re-pruning for a long time.

If the plant is fan-shaped, then it will have to be done every 3-4 years update the bush... In this case, the first pruning is carried out in the second year of the plant's life.

How to propagate actinidia

There are several ways to propagate actinidia: cuttings, layering and seeds. The latter method is used the least frequently. This is due to the fact that in half of the cases, male plants grow from germinated seeds.

Moreover, it is impossible to predict in advance what actinidia will be. Only specimens aged 5–7 years enter the fruiting phase. Therefore, if you do not know whether the plant is male, then you can find yourself in a rather unpleasant situation.

Reproduction by layering... In order to avoid possible difficulties during reproduction, it is recommended to use layering. The first step is to select a healthy, well-developed vine, which needs to be dug in in May or early June.

In the fall, it turns into a fairly high-quality seedling with a powerful root system. but experts recommend leave them until early spring, so that at this time you can prune the vine without causing serious injury to the plant.

Propagation by cuttings and advice from experienced gardeners

For propagation of actinidia by cuttings, it is recommended to choose green branches. They have a fairly high survival rate of 90%.The situation is much worse with lignified cuttings, which take root in no more than 60% of cases.

The cuttings selected for planting should have a length of no more than 15 cm.They are harvested at the end of June, after which they are planted in a specially prepared area: the place should be in the shade and constantly be moisturized.

Before planting, which is carried out to a depth of 50 cm, the pit must be filled with a mixture based on sand and peat, taken in a 2: 1 ratio. Usually, the complete formation of the root system takes no more than a month. As a result, the first young branches can be obtained in the fall.

For ordinary gardeners, the actinidia plant seems to be little known, although in reality this is not entirely true. There is a variety that almost every one of us has heard about. We are talking about kiwi, which is a fruiting variety of actinidia.

Naturally, it can only be grown in subtropical conditions. However, for the climate of our country, there are corresponding varieties of actinidia, which thrive even in such harsh regions as the Moscow region and Siberia.

Correct selection of varieties and adherence to agricultural technology growing actinidia allows you to count on the fact that with appropriate care, actinidia will not only become a bright decoration of the summer cottage, but will also be able to please the gardener with delicious fruits.

Plants of the genus actinidia belong to the actinidia family and are deciduous liana-like trees, mainly growing in the mountain forests of the Himalayas and Southeast Asia. Actinidia is widespread in our country in the Far East. In nature, there are about 40 species of it, but we are well aware of Chinese actinidia or kiwi.

Actinidia is not yet a frequent visitor in our gardens, but it is gaining popularity, so I present to your attention the best varieties of actinidia with a brief description.

Actinidia folk... Average level of winter hardiness and maturation. It is sufficiently resistant to damage by pests and diseases. Cylindrical berries weighing about 3 g, taste sweet and sour with a hint of strawberries. Vitamin C content - 1850 mg per 100 g.

The best varieties of actinidia for the Moscow region

Actinidia waffle... As well as the People's average ripening period. Disease resistance at a high level. Average fruit weight 3.2 g, elongated oval shape. The berries are very tasty, juicy with delicate pulp and amazing aroma. Ascorbic acid contains 163 mg per 100 g.

Actinidia gourmet... Disease resistance is good, the ripening period is average. Fruits are larger than previous varieties - 4.4 g. Taste are good, have a pineapple flavor. Vitamin C contains in a proportion of 1700 mg per 100 g.

Actinidia, the queen of the garden... It differs from Gourmet by early ripening and lower weight of fruits - 3.4 g. The rest of the indicators are the same.

The best varieties of actinidia for the middle lane

Actinidia variety hope... The variety has high winter hardiness and resistance to pests and diseases. The fruits are small (2.3 g), but the variety bears fruit abundantly. The content of ascorbic acid is 430 mg per 100 g.

Actinidium VIR-54... Possesses the largest fruits - 5-6.5 g. Ripening later. A very promising variety.

The described varieties of actinidia were selected based on indicators from 70 varieties.

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