Muscat varieties are the best varieties

. 

Grapes have been cultivated for a long time. Even in Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece, wines were made from the muscat varieties of the vineyard, the taste of which was considered divine. In the Middle Ages, these varieties of Muscat table grapes began to be cultivated in countries such as Italy and France. And from the beginning of the 19th century, these types of grape crops began to be grown on the territory of our country, in the Crimea. It is there that there are still the best Muscat table vineyards with a pleasant smell and taste of Muscat. Why, then, thanks to this taste, a number of grape varieties have been distinguished, which are cultivated in different countries of the world?

Muscat grapes have a special flavor

General properties of nutmeg varieties

The taste of musk is given to the berries of this culture by special compounds called thornoids. They are found in the skin and the adjacent pulp. Berries with a musky aroma are pleasant to the taste, sweeter than fruits of other varieties. These fruits, thanks to the phytoncides included in their composition, have a beneficial effect on the state of the intestinal microflora.

One can only regret that this type of table grapes is very little represented on the shelves of our stores.

Unfortunately, most table grape varieties of muscat are not resistant to frost and fungal diseases. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to grow them in garden plots.

Thanks to the efforts of breeders, new types of this table grape crop are now emerging that are not afraid of frost, are resistant to fungal diseases such as downy mildew (mildew) and powdery mildew (odium). Such varieties as Khrustalny, Donskoy or Krasny are distinguished by increased resistance to frost, as well as resistant to mildew and odium.

The Amber Muscat variety was bred by breeders specifically for the Central Asian regions. It is distinguished by a higher yield, a higher percentage of sugar in berries than in other types of vineyards.

Therefore, it is worth talking about the main popular types of nutmeg table grapes.

Amber table nutmeg produces berries with a high sugar content

White view

Arabia and Egypt are considered the birthplace of the White Vineyard. Today it is actively cultivated in European countries located on the shores of the Mediterranean Sea - Romania, Bulgaria, France and some others. It takes root well only in warm climatic zones on loams. Usually, when planting seedlings of these grape bushes, pebbles are added to the holes for better soil drainage.

The ideal site for planting seedlings of the White Vineyard is a rocky slope that is illuminated by the sun throughout the day. For feeding this crop, it is necessary to use fertilizers containing potassium. The introduction of these fertilizers is especially effective from the beginning of the ripening of the crop.

Brushes of this type have a cylindrical shape, its mass can be from 100 to 440 g.

Main characteristics:

• fruits are round, not large;
• the pulp is tender and sweet with a distinct smell of musk;
• the percentage of sugar in berries is up to 30%.

This vineyard got its name for the peculiar waxy color of the fruits in the bunches. The bushes grow very well over the season. The berries ripen in 4.5 months, with 9/10 of the brushes on the vine fully ripening. However, the yield of this grape is average. Harvesting is carried out in the third decade of September, in this case, more sugar accumulates in the fruits.

Dessert wines, sparkling dessert wines, juices are made from white grapes. This vineyard is not resistant to fungal diseases and is often infested with pests. Not resistant to cold snaps, especially frosts in spring. Lack of moisture in the soil is the reason for the weakening of the shoots.

White Muscat is used for making wine and champagne

Novoshakhtinsky Muscat

It is a hybrid variety obtained from crossing the Talisman vineyard and XVII-10-26. The bunches ripen quickly enough - in almost 4 months. The inflorescences are self-pollinated. Ripening of the vine is almost 100%. The weight of one brush can be 600 g. Fruits are purple with a red tint, round, the weight of one berry is up to 10 g. The peel of the berries is thin, not felt when eaten fresh.

The variety is resistant to frost, moderately resistant to diseases. This table grapes are distinguished by high productivity, the brushes can be on the shoots for a long time after ripening, without losing their presentation and taste. Well transported.

Novoshakhtinsky nutmeg produces fruits of a pale purple color

Donskoy

It is distinguished by early ripening of berries (less than 4 months). This variety was bred in the middle of the last century, but these grape bushes are still grown in gardeners' plots. Bushes grow quickly and actively. The brushes are small in size, their weight fluctuates around 200 g. The amount of sugar in the berries is high - up to 30%. The maturation of the vine is no more than 50%. Berries are dark blue, medium-sized.

Of the diseases, phylloxera is most often affected. Differs in high resistance to cold, can withstand temperatures as low as -30 ° C. This nutmeg grape is unpretentious to different types of soil, quickly gets used to any type of soil. The fruits appear already in the 3rd season.

In this vineyard, more bunches are often ripening than necessary, so you should thin out the bunches from extra berries.

Donskoy Muscat belongs to the early varieties

Pleven nutmeg

This is a table grape grown in Bulgaria. The bunches mature in less than 4 months. Each bunch can weigh no more than 600 g. Fruits are oval, amber in color, the size of berries is about the size of a 1 ruble coin. The amount of sugar in fruits is up to 20%. The maturation of shoots is relatively high - up to 84%.

This nutmeg grapes ripens quickly enough (no more than 4 months). After planting seedlings, the harvest begins to be harvested from this grape crop in the third year. Frost-resistant, relatively resistant to fungal diseases.

With frequent application of fertilizers under the vines, you can get larger grape clusters with large berries.

Pleven fell in love with gardeners for the excellent quality of the fruit and ease of caring for grape bushes.

These grape bushes with a taste of musk enjoy well-deserved success among gardeners for the high characteristics of the berries, for the excellent varieties of wines that are made on their basis. And the emerging new hybrid species of these vineyards make it possible to grow them in central Russia, as well as in more northern regions.

Subscribe Be aware of new products on our site

Previously, it was believed that pumpkin is a southern plant and in temperate latitudes it simply does not have time to ripen before the onset of cold weather. Today, breeders have developed over 100 pumpkin varieties that best adapt to challenging growing conditions. Each variety has its own advantages, disadvantages and tastes different. How not to get confused in the choice and get a good harvest of pumpkin? We offer a selection of the most popular varieties for different regions of the country.

Varieties and classification of pumpkin

All varieties of table pumpkin are divided into several groups:

• nutmeg;

• large-fruited;

• hard-faced.

Of these, early, middle and late ripening are distinguished. Early pumpkins are harvested at the end of summer, they are eaten, they are not stored for long.Medium and late varieties have good keeping quality, transportability and excellent taste that does not deteriorate during storage.

There are also decorative varieties of vegetables with fancy fruits, which are used only for interior decoration, and fodder, suitable for animal husbandry.

The best butternut pumpkin varieties for the South and Midlands

Butternut squash is considered the most delicious. It is easily recognized by its rich pulp color, nutty flavor, thin skin and elongated fruit shape. Seed color is yellow-brown. Muscat varieties ripen late and are suitable for winter storage. But they have one drawback - they are very demanding on heat and sunlight. In the southern regions, they are grown by sowing seeds in open ground, and in the middle lane only through seedlings or in greenhouses.

The most popular variety is the Vitamin pumpkin. Its pulp contains a lot of carotene, which makes it almost red, sweet and juicy. The variety is recommended for baby food and diet food. Fruits are stored for more than 4 months under normal conditions. Bushes of the plant are powerful, climbing, form up to 15 fruits of an elongated oval shape. The peel is firm, pink-brown with characteristic green spots. Productivity is high, pumpkins weigh at least 5 kg.

A novelty among the nutmeg varieties "Golden Pear" is valued for its small fruits, which grow no more than 3 kg and have an average ripening period. The crop is harvested three months after planting. The plant is not demanding, it is resistant to many diseases. Fruits in the form of a drop with a juicy and dense pulp. They are mainly used for baking or fresh consumption.

The "Polyanin" nutmeg variety is intended for the preparation of cereals. Oval ribbed fruits ripen in mid-autumn. Their peel is orange, smooth with a waxy bloom. Average weight of a pumpkin with good care is up to 4 kg. Raw pulp is firm, but juicy, crumbly when cooked. The crop is well stored and can be easily transported.

The best hard pumpkin varieties for the Moscow region

The hardy varieties have a short ripening period. Harvested at the end of summer, it is stored until winter. In addition to the hard peel, the plant has characteristic features - a thorny stem and a grooved peduncle. The seeds of these varieties are very tasty and creamy.

Pumpkin "Dachnaya" remains an ultra-ripening variety. The fruits ripen 2.5 months after planting. Plant with short strings, rather cold-resistant. The fruits are ovoid, yellow-green with dark green characteristic stripes. The pulp is sweet, smells good, very juicy. The yield is good, the weight of one pumpkin does not exceed 3 kg.

The "Candied" pumpkin belongs to the early-ripening varieties of hard-bore varieties. Fruit collection begins 3.5 months after germination. The plant is compact, bush type, high-yielding. Fruits are flat-round, weighing no more than 2 kg. The pumpkin pulp is rich orange, juicy, crunchy and very aromatic. The harvest is stored for about 3-4 months.

The pumpkin "Sweet Pie" will delight you with stable yields. The variety is early maturing, withstands any whims of the weather, suitable for conservation and cooking. Fruits are small, about 2-3 kg each, ripen in three months. The advantage of the variety is the pulp: juicy, crispy and tasty.

Frost-resistant pumpkin varieties that are best grown in Siberia and the Urals

In the northern regions, frosts occur even in summer, therefore, the most frost-resistant pumpkin varieties, most adapted to such conditions, are chosen for planting. Seeds for seedlings are sown in April, and in mid-May or early June, the plants are transferred to open ground.

The most popular variety is "Rossiyanka". This is an early ripening pumpkin that ripens three months after transplanting. It is famous for its rich harvest, because up to 20 kg of fruits can be removed from one bush. The plant is medium-growing, quite hardy, tolerates transportation well and is kept cool for a long time.The fruits are attractive, flat, red-orange, weighing from 1.5 to 5 kg. The pulp is rich in color, sweet, crumbly.

The high-yielding variety "Smile" not only tolerates frosts well, but is also famous for its small fruits, which tighten from 500 grams to 2 kg. Up to 15 pumpkins are tied on one plant. A variety with orange flesh, aromatic and juicy. The harvest is stored until winter.

The best large-fruited pumpkin varieties for long-term storage

Large-fruited pumpkin varieties are famous for their large fruits, delicious pulp and seeds. They keep well throughout the winter, but require a lot of space. Used on an industrial scale.

Lovers of large pumpkins should pay attention to the Titan variety. In the garden, under normal growing conditions, the fruits reach 50 kg. If you feed the plant, then the pumpkin will grow up to 150 kg. The variety belongs to the mid-season, strongly climbing. The pulp of the fruit is yellow, juicy and sweet.

Variety "Centner" is grown to obtain seeds, but its pulp is tasty, juicy and sweet, albeit light. The fruits are early ripening, orange in color, divided into segments, growing up to 50 kg. Up to 7 pieces are tied on one plant.

The best varieties of sweet pumpkins

The palatability of pumpkin depends not only on the cultivation technique, but also on varietal characteristics. Among all varieties, the sweetest ones are distinguished, suitable for cooking and canning:

• "Sweetie";

• "Melon";

• Atlant.

The "Sweetie" variety is famous for its medium-sized fruits, which grow up to 2 kg. The plant is mid-season, hardy, produces many fruits, quite fruitful. Fruits are bright orange in color with tasty pulp. The crop can be stored well for up to 4 months.

The Melon variety speaks for itself. The fruits are famous for their delicate melon taste and aroma. They grow impressive sizes, the weight of one specimen exceeds 30 kg. The plant is resistant to cold weather, rarely affected by diseases, does not rot during storage. The variety is intended for baby food, juicing and cooking.

The fruits of the large-fruited Atlant variety grow from 20 to 50 kg. Fruits are orange in color, segmented, rot resistant. The pulp is tender and juicy, suitable for juicing and processing.

Muscat is one of the oldest known grape varieties. Today, a number of Muscat varieties and hybrids with different characteristics are known under this name. The grapes are grown both for fresh consumption and for making wine. All varieties have one common feature - a wonderful taste and smell of nutmeg.

Muscats are distinguished by their yield, excellent maturation and excellent transport tolerance. The berries are dense, tasty, with a fleshy juicy pulp. Grapes retain their taste and nutmeg aroma for up to 2-3 months.

The grapes are native to Central Asia, so they do not tolerate cold weather and require a lot of sun to ripen. However, today breeders offer varieties that can tolerate significant frosts, are resistant to mildew and sulfur rot, and have time to mature in the short northern summer.

Peculiarities

The Muscat grape, according to the manuscripts, was known even in Ancient Rome and Greece. The berry was usually used to make wine, since the nutmeg flavor gave it a completely unique aroma and taste.

Features of Muscat grapes

Muscat note is a specific feature of the variety. It is provided with thorny compounds found in the skin of the berry and in the pulp next to the skin. Substances appear only at the stage of full ripening of the grapes.

Muscat is not a plant variety, but a whole group of hybrids, which are united by a common feature - a special smell and taste of nutmeg. The variety originates from Central Asia, today it is grown in all countries of Europe and Asia with a suitable climate: France, Spain, Italy, Crimea. There are both table varieties, intended for fresh consumption, and technical ones, used for the superiority of wine.

In fact, fresh Muscat grapes are consumed regardless of the variety. When ripe, the berry picks up a lot of sugar - from 15 to 25%, and the nutmeg flavor gives it extraordinary attractiveness.

The history of Muscat grapes goes back several millennia. It was grown in ancient Rome.

The undoubted advantages of nutmeg varieties include:

• high sugar content berries with sufficient acidity - from 19 to 33%, which makes it possible to obtain wines of incomparable qualities;
• excellent taste of fresh berries, wonderful nutmeg aroma;
• excellent phytoncidal properties, causing a noticeable improvement in the work of the digestive tract;
• good yield and the excellent appearance of the berries.

There are also very significant disadvantages of the variety:

• grapes of this group are not very resistant to fungal diseases. The vineyard must be constantly treated with special preparations;
• alas, nutmegs are designed to be grown in warm countries: they have low frost resistance and require a large number of sunny days to ripen.

It is believed that wines from these varieties have a unique aroma and pleasant, bright taste.

Breeders are constantly trying to develop nutmeg varieties that are devoid of these disadvantages. Today, there are types of grapes, for example, Shatilova White Muscat, which can be grown in the Urals.

Varieties

There are a huge number of nutmeg varieties with a wide variety of characteristics. This variety allows you to choose grapes for growing in a variety of conditions and on different soils. It should be borne in mind that the higher the resistance to frost or fungal diseases, the lower the technical characteristics of the variety. For fresh consumption, this does not really matter, but for the production of wine it is an insurmountable obstacle.

Hamburg

A classic inhabitant of warm countries. It is widespread in Spain, France, grown in the Crimea, and also in California. Grapes were bred in England and for a long time was considered a greenhouse variety.

Bushes of Hamburg or Black Muscat reach medium height, are characterized by creeping shoots and a tendency to form a large green mass. The grapes must be pruned constantly. Young vines are green, ripe - reddish-brown, on average, up to 67% of fruitful vines are on the bush. The leaves are large, wavy, covered with a dense downy bottom.

The bunches of the Hamburg variety reach 20 cm in length and weigh from 170 to 260 g. The shape is conical, but the bunch is loose, which makes harvesting somewhat difficult. Berries - round or oval up to 16 mm in diameter and weighing up to 4 g. Color - black with a well-visible waxy bloom. The skin is quite tough, but the flesh is fleshy, juicy and has a pronounced flavor of nutmeg. It takes 140-150 days before ripening.

The Hamburg variety is usually grown as a table variety. The berries are perfectly stored without losing their taste for 3 months, and they tolerate transportation very well. However, amateur winegrowers use grape raw materials to make wine.

The Muscat Hamburg grape has been sectioned, despite its name, in the UK as a greenhouse variety.

The variety is heat-demanding, has low frost resistance and is not grown in mid-latitudes. At a temperature of -19 C, the plant loses up to half of its eyes, so for the winter the grape bush must be wrapped completely.

Hamburg Muscat is prone to phylloxera, "willingly" suffers from mildew, oidium, gray rot. Caring for it takes effort and patience.

The yield of the variety varies widely. Under favorable conditions, you can get 70–120 centners per hectare. However, these indicators are highly volatile and difficult to count on.

Pink

It is considered a young variety, although it was born, as it is believed, more than 200 years ago. Pink Muscat is grown in France, Italy, Armenia, as the variety is very thermophilic.But the grapes are not very picky about the soil and tolerate drought well: the plant is watered 4 times a year.

The bushes are medium-sized, planted in mid-April-May. They develop at an average pace, so they do not need frequent pruning. The vines are light brown, with dark nodules, the leaves are dense, five-lobed, smooth above, and with a light bristle below.

The bunches reach an average size and weigh up to 200 g, but they are dense, conveniently cylindrical in shape. The berries are dark red with a waxy bloom, large - with a diameter of 11-18 mm. The skin of the berries is thin, the pulp is very juicy and very sweet - the sugar content of ripe grapes reaches 35%. The characteristic nutmeg flavor adds piquancy to them.

The variety is classified as medium early, ripens in 135-140 days. Average yield - 60-80 centners per hectare. Berries are used both fresh and for making wine or jam.

Grapes Pink Muscat quickly accumulates sugar, its berries have a crispy firm pulp, balanced bright taste and aroma with a nutmeg hue.

Rose Muscat is used to produce the highest quality wine. Thus, the grapes grown on the southern slopes of the Crimea are entirely used to obtain valuable wines.

Pink nutmeg does not tolerate cold well, is sensitive to excess moisture - the berries rot and crack during heavy rains. In addition, the variety is susceptible to phylloxera, mildew and powdery mildew. However, due to earlier ripening periods, many other diseases can be safely avoided.

Blau

Swiss selection of Muscat grapes, distinguished by the most valuable quality - frost resistance. The grapes can withstand cold temperatures down to -30 C. In addition, Blau is distinguished by a short ripening period, which makes it possible to get berries even in the short northern summer.

Vine bushes are medium-sized, medium-sized leaves, dense. The vine is sensitive to stress, so timely, careful pruning is essential for growing.

Bunches of medium size, but dense and reach a mass of 260-300 g. Berries are medium - weighing up to 4 g, with excellent taste. Usually grapes are used to make red muscat wines, however, they are more than suitable for fresh consumption.

Blau is quite resistant to fungal diseases and does not require such a thorough and numerous spraying. However, you should not give up the preventive treatment of grapes. The variety is also quite indifferent to the composition of the soil: the main thing is a sufficient amount of fertilizers, which is easily solved with the help of top dressing.

Despite the widespread belief that Muscat grapes are extremely capricious and extremely difficult to grow, Muscat Blau is knocked out of this list in several ways.

Blau's real disaster is the wasps. Insects love sweet berries and can significantly reduce yields. Bushes during the ripening period have to be protected with special nets and traps for wasps should be placed around the grapes.

Medium early grapes, ripens in 135-140 days. The yield is average. The number of sunny days has little effect on the indicators, but fertilization and watering can increase yields.

Amber

Typically a table variety with an optimal ratio of sugar content - 22-25%, and acidity - 16-18 g / l. It is distinguished by excellent transportability and perfectly tolerates storage - it does not lose its taste for more than 3 months.

Amber Muscat bushes are medium-sized, with medium rounded leaves, almost whole. The vine is light brown with dark nodes. Even annual shoots ripen - up to 90%. The bushes tolerate the load well: when pruning, they leave up to 6-7 eyes.

Bunches of amber Muscat are cylindrical, relatively small - up to 17 cm long, but reach a mass of up to 340 g. Berries, round, less often oval, grow up to 17 mm in diameter. The skin of the grapes is dense, but tasty, the pulp is very juicy and very sweet.The color of the berries is greenish-yellow, really amber, from the sunny side it becomes golden.

Muscat amber Table variety of European origin, Central Asian and Moldovan selection.

Amber Muscat belongs to early ripe and becomes suitable for consumption after 107-115 days. This feature allows grapes to be grown in the short northern summer.

The variety is sensitive to mildew and powdery mildew, so spraying the vineyard cannot be avoided. But amber Muscat is not prone to decay and cracking of berries.

Superearly red

The variety was bred in Moldova and represents an excellent work of breeders. Grapes not only tolerate frosts well - down to -23 C, but are also resistant to mildew, powdery mildew and completely insensitive to gray rot. Muscat varieties can rarely boast of such advantages.

The grape variety "Supershearly Red Muscat" is characterized by the presence of red shoots, its leaves are green.

The variety is called a very early variety for a reason: the ripening period is only 95-101 days, so the berries can be removed already in July. Early maturity allows the grapes to avoid many diseases and to ripen during the short summer.

Bushes of plants are medium or tall, the green mass is abundant. Leaves are dense, medium-sized, rounded and almost whole. On average, 1.3 clusters are formed on each shoot.

Bunches of red Muscat can serve as an example of a presentation: large, medium-dense, weighing 300-400 g, have a regular, cylindrical shape. The berries, round or oval, grow up to 20 mm in diameter. The color of the grapes is juicy, red, becoming more and more purple when ripe. The pulp is fleshy, crunchy, the nutmeg flavor is distinctly felt. The sugar content of the berries is slightly lower - 18–20%, which is more than enough for table grapes.

Due to the low sugar content, the variety does not attract wasps, which allows you to completely preserve the harvest.

Another feature of red Muscat is its excellent keeping quality. The bunch can be left on the vine for up to a month: the berries will not crack, rot, or overripe. Plucked grapes retain their taste for more than 3 months, which allows the longest transportation.

The yield of the variety is average. Berries are best eaten fresh.

Dievsky

Excellent table variety with very large berries. Received from Kiev Muscat by amateur gardener A. A. Golub... It tolerates frosts down to -23 C, but in colder winters, the bushes should be completely covered. In addition, grapes are undemanding to the soil, tolerates drought and moisture well, as they are not prone to decay.

Experts who have been growing grapes for a long time prefer popular varieties, including the Dievsky Muscat variety.

The grape bushes are vigorous, strong, the vines ripen in the first year. Leaves are medium in size, five-lobed, poorly cut.

Bunches of Diyevsky nutmeg reach a weight of 600-800 g. Large, cone-shaped, they lie perfectly, are stored and endure transportation without losing either taste or appearance. The berries are oval, amber-green in color, they are large in size - they reach 4 cm in length, and have a weight of 17 to 20 g. The berries are not prone to peas, therefore, even in the most unfavorable weather, they remain large and juicy.

The sugar content of the grapes reaches 22%, the acidity is 5–7 g / l. The taste is very harmonious, with soft nutmeg notes. Berries are best eaten fresh or used for preservation. The grapes ripen early - in 115-120 days. So the harvest can be taken already in mid-August.

The variety has a high yield - 120 centners per hectare. But, however, the indicators depend on the weather: rains do not contribute to full ripening.

Dieva Muscat needs frequent and careful pruning. The average load on the bush is 45 eyes and it is not recommended to exceed this figure.Moreover, overloaded vines must be pruned before ripening, otherwise the berries will not reach their intended size.

What else is attractive about this variety is its resistance to fungal diseases. It is not absolute, of course, but the resistance of grapes to mildew, gray rot, and powdery mildew is 3.5–4 points. The plant is also resistant against insects: the dense skin does not allow the wasps to get to the pulp. And from other parasites, like the grape aphid or spider mite, the culture is protected in the usual way - with pesticides.

Livadia

One of the most successful table grapes for a beginner. Despite the fact that the variety is traditionally thermophilic, it is able to withstand cold temperatures down to -21 C, it tolerates drought well and gives an excellent harvest. Livadia's "favorite" soils are light sandy and sandy loam, but in general the plant is not picky.

Since 1892, a two-year-old wine of the same name has been produced from the Livadia Muscat variety in the Crimea.

Livadia has excellent resistance to mildew, gray rot, powdery mildew and even phylloxera. This is one of the few nutmeg varieties that is so resistant and does not require constant fungicide treatment. The load on the bush should not exceed 35 eyes: very large clusters require a lot of nutrients.

Bushes of medium height, flowers are bisexual. The leaves are quite dense, five-lobed, well cut. The bush does not give an abundant green mass.

But the bunches of the plant deserve special praise: the average weight is 500 g, the maximum is 800, and it is quite easy to achieve it. Berries of medium size, elongated, very beautiful amber color. The skin is thin, but dense - wasps try to attack grapes, but cannot cope. The pulp is very juicy and unusually tasty: according to the tasting scale, Livadia reaches 9.5 points out of 10.

Overweight people can also eat berries: despite the sweet taste, the sugar content of ripe grapes is maximum 19%, and the acidity is 5-6 g / l.

The variety is characterized by field resistance to phylloxera, mildew, gray rot, powdery mildew and can withstand frosts up to 240C.

Early ripe variety - 110-115 days, so you can taste the grapes by the end of July. The harvest is excellent: in a hot sunny summer, 120–150 centners are removed from 1 hectare. However, weather conditions noticeably affect both the yield and taste: with a lack of sun and heat, the sugar content decreases, and the grapes acquire a sour taste.

Pleven

A Bulgarian selection that takes root well in central Russia. Table grapes have good taste. Begins to bear fruit 3 years after planting.

The Pleven bush is tall and vigorous, the vine is powerful, woody quickly. The average load on a bush is 35–45 eyes. Usually, no more than 2 bunches are left on each shoot.

The taste of such grapes is called "truly grape" (this is when the sourness is felt in the taste and at the same time good sugar).

The bunches are conical, rather large, the average weight is 550-650 g. The bunches are loose, which allows the berries to ripen evenly... Grapes with dense juicy pulp are very tasty: sugar content reaches 17-22%, and acidity - 6-8 g / l. The nutmeg flavor is very well expressed. The color is golden-amber, from the sunny side it becomes bright yellow when ripe.

Pleven is able to accumulate the right amount of sugar even in the wettest summer. This feature guarantees the preservation of the flavor of the berries. At the same time, the grapes are not prone to peas.

Pleven is frost-resistant - withstands cold up to -25 C. Not particularly picky about soils, but has a very average resistance to diseases. Vineyards must be treated with fungicides at least 2 times a year.

The ripening period of Pleven is 110-115 days. The harvest is excellent - up to 140 centners per hectare, but in order to get the entire harvest in safety, you will have to wage an uncompromising struggle with wasps and birds, which are very eager for sweet berries.

Paradise

Young Muscat variety, also obtained by A. A. Golub. A table variety with an early ripening period and good frost resistance - up to -23 C. The characteristics of the variety are still being refined.

Muscat paradis is a new table form of grapes, therefore, all the declared characteristics are checked and studied in amateur vineyards in many regions of Russia and abroad.

The grapes ripen in 95-100 days after the appearance of the ovary. It is one of the earliest varieties of nutmeg. However, the ripening time is influenced by weather conditions.

The bushes of the plant are vigorous, the vine is light brown, developed. The bunches are large up to 800 g in weight, loose, of irregular conical shape. The average weight of berries is 14–17 g, and peas are not observed even under the most unfavorable conditions. Color - white-green, turns pinkish when ripe. The shape is oval, with an elongated tip.

Grapes are not afraid of wasps, as the dense skin and pulp perfectly protects the berries. In addition, the variety is resistant to typical diseases of grapes: powdery mildew, mildew, gray rot.

Even in a rainy summer, the berries do not rot or crack. The flesh is firm, fleshy, sweet taste with light nutmeg notes.

Another novelty among the nutmeg hybrids of A.A. Golub. A table variety intended not only for fresh consumption, but also for transportation over long distances and for storage.

The crystal does not lose its taste for more than 3 months. Even after six months of storage in the refrigerator, the flesh remains crispy, and the nutmeg notes are pronounced.

The bushes are medium-sized, with well-developed vines, the leaves are medium-sized, five-lobed, very dense. A bristle is felt on the inside. The bunches are not the largest - 600 g, medium density, the berries hold tightly to the stem.

The berries themselves grow up to 10-16 g, and in the most unfavorable conditions, they are not prone to decay and cracking. Very beautiful color - deep red with a purple tint, does not darken when ripe. The shape of the grapes is oval-elongated with a rounded tip, somewhat reminiscent of "Ladies fingers". Both the skin and the pulp are very dense, juicy, crunchy and retain this feature during long-term storage.

The rest of the characteristics of the variety are being specified.

Video

This video will tell you which grapes are best for growing.

conclusions

1. Muscat refers to a group of nutmeg varieties, differing in one common feature: the characteristic taste and smell of nutmeg.
2. In general, nutmeg varieties are very thermophilic. and are not very resistant to fungal diseases. But thanks to the work of breeders, varieties that are both frost-resistant and insensitive to diseases have been bred.
3. Any nutmeg grape has a high taste characteristics: on a tasting scale, their quality is rated from 7.5 to 9.5 out of 10 possible.
4. Most varieties have excellent yields, large beautiful berries and very marketable bunches.
5. The flesh of the berries is juicy, but fleshy and dense. The grapes perfectly tolerate transportation and are perfectly stored without losing their taste.
6. Table nutmeg grapes are more often grown in private household farms. for the sake of its great taste. Technical grapes are first-class raw materials for the production of the highest quality wines.

Muscat grapes - a large group of grape varieties, from the cultivated grape species. It has a rich nutmeg aroma, which is where the name comes from. Grown in warm countries around the globe. The article will describe the features of nutmeg varieties, the most famous varieties, as well as the methodology for their cultivation.

Features of Muscat grapes

The history of Muscat grapes goes back several millennia. It was grown in ancient Rome. It combines several varieties of different types. Of course, the external qualities of Muscat grapes depend on the specific variety, but there are also common features.

Features of Muscat grapes

• The aroma is musky, rich and bright, which distinguishes these varieties among many different varieties of grapes.
• The berries are large, dense in consistency.
• There are very few seeds (2-3), young grapes may not contain them at all.
• The peel is not very thick, which allows you to eat the berries with it. They are usually crunchy without astringency, as sweet as the berries.

This grape variety belongs to the table and technical direction. It is often eaten fresh, desserts, juices are made from it, but it is also used for making wine. It is believed that wines from these varieties have a unique aroma and pleasant, bright taste.

Today Muscat grapes are grown all over the world, but the largest plantations and production scales are concentrated in France, Spain, Italy, Portugal - in these sunny countries, the cultivation of Muscat has become a kind of tradition.

Important! The composition of nutmeg grapes contains an abundance of amino acids and trace elements, potassium, calcium, but it is not caloric. Therefore, it is useful and even necessary to use it fresh if there are no contraindications.

Despite the benefits of Muscat grapes for the human body, it cannot be eaten with food allergies and diabetes mellitus due to the large amount of sugar in the composition and the irritating effect of the juice on the walls of the stomach and intestines.

The best Muscat grapes Hamburg grape variety

The Muscat grape has a wide range of uses. Due to the high demand, it is grown in large quantities in many countries, and breeders invent new varieties every year, but not all breeders' experiments end successfully. And how, then, to navigate? In order to grow good grapes, you should choose only the best varieties, all of them are presented in the list below.

• "Hamburg" - mid-season variety, ripens in 145-150 days. The average yield is 110 kg / ha. Bunches up to 270 g, not very loose. The berries are not large, 3-4 g each, blue-violet with a bloom on the peel. The taste and aroma are nutmeg, the skin is dense, which has a positive effect on transportability, the juice is colorless. Sugar in 100 ml of juice - 22 g. Withstands frosts only up to -18 degrees, therefore it is grown exclusively in warm, southern countries. Often attacked by diseases and pests.
• "Alexandrian" - Muscat grapes of late ripening. The bunches are loose, conical, reaching 700 g, the berries are 6-8 grams. The color is amber-yellow, the shape is oval. The taste is sweet, nutmeg, the berries are very aromatic. It has low frost resistance and is often affected by diseases. Alexandria grape variety
• "Pleven Muscat" Is an interesting grape variety that can boldly claim to be the best. Berries up to 8 grams, bunch weight does not exceed 800 g. The main positive quality is a very strong nutmeg flavor and aroma. There is resistance to bad climatic conditions.
• "Brilliant" - popular among gardeners Muscat grapes. Has a delicate, nutmeg aroma, not too strong. Berries are dense, crunch when biting off, weighing 6-8 g. Color pale pink. It is not afraid of diseases, but has low frost resistance.
• "Frumoasa Albă" or "White Beauty", as it is usually called by the people. The color of the berries is golden, weight up to 8 g. It has excellent commercial qualities, the berries are beautiful, one to one, even, they lie for a long time without spoiling, even in the heat. The weight of the bunches is on average 500 g.
• "Summer Muscat" ripens in 120 days on average. The plant is vigorous. Cylindrical brushes, 600-700 grams each. Berries are dense, elongated, amber in color, weighing up to 8.5 g. Sugar content up to 20%. Winter hardiness up to -23 degrees. Resistant to mildew and powdery mildew. Summer Muscat grape
• "Livadia" - a variety of early ripening. The plant does not develop very quickly. Bunches are slightly loose, large, up to 550 g. Berries are dense, with a strong skin, greenish-yellow color, sometimes golden when overripe. Delicious, crispy, high in juice and sugar.It is moderately resistant to diseases of all possible types and easily tolerates frosts down to -21 degrees.
• "Pink" - ripens in 140 days. Bunches are cylindrical, small up to 250 grams. The berries are round, maroon with a pronounced nutmeg aroma. There is a bloom on the peel. The variety is transportable, but does not lie for very long. The disadvantage of this Muscat grape is its low frost resistance and tendency to all kinds of diseases.

How to plant Muscat correctly?

Planting Muscat grapes is not very difficult - everything is the same as with an ordinary vineyard. For individual seedlings, it is necessary to dig holes. If it is a seedling that is planted, and not a stalk, then a hole is dug about 80x80x80 cm, if cuttings are planted, then they can also be planted in rows at a distance of 1-1.5 meters from each other.

Pleven Muscat grape variety

A peg is placed in each pit - the original support of the vineyard. At the bottom, it is worth making a drainage of 5-10 cm, from gravel or crushed stone, but only on condition that the level of groundwater is high. Now you can make a mound in a hole out of the ground. A seedling is installed on this mound, its roots are well spread, and then gradually sprinkled with earth. If the cuttings of Muscat grapes are planted, then they only go a little deeper into the ground (in rows), sprinkle them with earth and tie them to a peg.

It is worth adding 2-3 cm of peat or humus to the near-stem circle, but if the planting was carried out before winter, mulching is necessary by 5-10 cm.Also, before the onset of frost, nutmeg seedlings should be covered with a film or similar material. After all, young Muscat is absolutely defenseless against frost.

How to care for Muscat grapes?

The exacting care of Muscat grapes depends on the variety, as well as the scale of cultivation and the purpose of the crop. Muscats are not very capricious, but without some care they simply will not give a good harvest.

Frumoasa Albă grape variety

• A drip irrigation system is not so much recommended as necessary if the vineyard is vast and takes up a lot of space. Of course, for a single plant in a summer cottage, drip irrigation is not set, here you can do with simple timely watering. Plants need the most water during the growth period, and during the ripening of the fruits, it is better to cut them, otherwise the berries will be watery.
• Mulching is carried out on both large vineyards and small ones. It retains moisture, reduces the number of watering, fertilizing and simplifies weed harvesting.
• It is recommended to grow Muscat grapes on a trellis, to which, after the plant has grown, it can be tied up. If there is no trellis, you can use a simple support, like a peg, but it will not be able to hold the weight of the vineyard for a long time. Grape variety Brilliant
• Pruning is carried out in early spring or autumn, before the cold weather. This is done with a simple pruner. It is necessary to remove all excess shoots, thin out the branches in the vineyard, otherwise the harvest for the next year will be greatly complicated.
• Loosening is carried out in the aisles and under the Muscat grape bushes. However, it is impossible to deeply bury the tool in the ground, so as not to damage the roots. This event is held approximately once every 1-3 weeks, depending on the climate, soil, irrigation.
• Spraying against pests and diseases is recommended annually in the fall for prevention or in early spring. Throughout the year, it is important to monitor the quality of the culture (leaves, vines, bunches) and in which case, without delaying, carry out treatment with fungicides or insecticides such as Paracelsus, Topaz, Shavit, Falcon, Sharpei, Horus, Break, Quadris, Aliot, Sirocco.
• Before winter, it is necessary to carry out measures to shelter the grapes. In the middle and northern regions, it is held every year, as winters in these areas can be unpredictable.

VIDEO - Grapes Shiny