The best varieties of Hungarian plums

Hungarian is a semi-official name for a group of plum varieties that are mostly similar in appearance to their fruits. The culture is suitable for growing novice gardeners. The plant is distinguished by abundant yields and fruits of amazing taste, is relatively undemanding to care for and can adapt to a wide range of climatic conditions.

Characteristic features of the Hungarian plum

Hungarian plum - a popular garden culture all over the world

Biologists consider the historical homeland of the plum, which later received the name "Hungarian", Asia. It was from there that she began her triumphal march across the planet.

Russia (then the USSR) got acquainted with the culture rather late. The Hungarians "discovered" tasty plums for their neighbors in the socialist bloc. This is what explains the semi-official name, by which domestic gardeners mean varieties of plums that have blue-purple or reddish-purple fruits that resemble an ellipse pointed at both ends.

The fruits of the Hungarian plum are easy to distinguish from other plums.

Among other distinctive features of the group of varieties are high sugar content (13-16%), extremely dense pulp (up to 20% of dry matter), a side seam that stands out visually and to the touch, a solid layer of whitish or gray-gray bloom, yellowish pulp with greenish or reddish tint. Most "Hungarian plums" are self-fertile, bearing fruit regularly every year, giving high yields.

Only Hungarian women can make real prunes. This feature is associated with the correct ratio of sugar, fruit acids and pectin in fruits. By the way, the Hungarians were well aware of it back in the 19th century. They did not pick ripe plums from the tree, but waited for them to overripe and fall to the ground themselves, slightly withering, but retaining the benefits of fresh fruits.

Hungarian plum - the only possible raw material for making real prunes

An adult Hungarian plum tree is 5–6 m high, with an upwardly elongated crown in the form of an oval or pyramid. Shoots grow very often and have a characteristic reddish-brown color.

Plum Hungarian, due to its size, requires quite a lot of space in the garden.

The fruits are small. The maximum possible parameters are 5–6 cm in length and 4–5 cm in diameter. Plums are asymmetrical. If you divide them along the seam, one half will necessarily turn out to be larger than the other, slightly flattened. They divide quite easily, the bone is also freely separated from the pulp.

The average calorie content of Hungarians is 42 kcal per 100 g.

What is the reason for the people's love for the Hungarian plum? The trees are distinguished by high annual productivity, they tolerate prolonged droughts well. The fruits can be determined for long-term storage, the indicators of transportability are also at an altitude.

Not without some flaws. The main disadvantage is the lack of early maturity. You will remove the first fruits from the trees 6–8 years after planting the seedling in a permanent place. But this is more a problem with older varieties. Modern breeding hybrids begin to bear fruit faster.

Among other things, the Hungarian plum blooms very beautifully.

What a Hungarian plum looks like - video

Description of the most common varieties

Moscow

The variety of Hungarian Moskovskaya plum, also known as Tsaritsynskaya, is one of the oldest. It was bred by breeders in 1947 with the expectation of growing in the European part of Russia (specifically, for collective farms located within a radius of 25 km from Moscow). But, in principle, it is suitable for any regions with a temperate climate. A successful hybrid turned out largely by accident - as a result of spontaneous pollination of seedlings of the Hungarian Ordinary (or Home). Its main advantage is cold resistance. The tree tolerates temperatures up to -30 ºС well, it will not die and will recover if some part of the shoots still suffer from frost.

The fruits of the Moscow Hungarian on average weigh about 20 g, some specimens reach 30 g. The rind is quite dense, but tender, covered with a bluish-purple bloom with a reddish tinge. The pulp is golden honey, harsh, but juicy. Quite a large number of asymmetric and otherwise deformed fruits are caught. The taste for a regionalized culture is not bad, there is sweetness, although, of course, one cannot compare with southern varieties. But the fruits are great for home canning, they tolerate transportation well.

Hungarian Moskovskaya, in comparison with the rest of the group, is a short tree, it rarely grows above 3–3.5 m. The crown is spreading, dense, almost regular spherical in shape.

You will have to wait a long time for the first harvest, but then the number of harvested plums steadily increases, reaching 40–45 kg. Fruits ripen en masse, in the second decade of September. If you pick unripe plums, they will perfectly "reach" at home. The fruits do not crack when the summer is cloudy, cold and rainy.

Despite the fact that the taste of the fruits cannot be called outstanding, gardeners throughout Russia love the Moscow Hungarian for stable annual fruiting, the ability to adapt to the vagaries of the weather, frost resistance and high resistance to the most common diseases of stone fruit trees.

The variety is self-fertile, but experienced gardeners recommend planting Red Skorospelka next to it to obtain the maximum possible yields.

Hungarian Moskovskaya is most often found on the sites of domestic gardeners

Belarusian

As the name suggests, this is a variety of Belarusian selection. The hybrid was obtained by cross-pollination of Delikatnaya and Stanley plum saplings quite recently - in 2009.

In height, the tree of the Hungarian Belorusskaya reaches 3.5–4 m, the crown is in the form of a wide ellipse, spreading, sparse.

Unlike most Hungarian women, the first Belarusian crop can be harvested within 3 years after planting. The culture is resistant to clasterosporium disease, tolerates frost well. The yield is consistently high - about 30 kg per mature tree.The variety is positioned by its creators as partially self-fertile. The best pollinators are Victoria, Crooman, Bluefri.

Large plums (35–40 g) with golden-orange flesh ripen in late summer or early autumn. They are quite beautiful - almost the same size, even, bright blue with a thick bluish bloom. The taste is balanced - sweet, with a noticeable piquant sourness. The fruits are suitable for long-term storage, they tolerate transportation well.

Hungarian Belorusskaya is a new variety that is confidently gaining popularity

Korneevskaya

The variety is the result of cross-pollination of Volgogradskaya and Bogatyrskaya plum saplings. The tree is rather tall (4–5 m), with an elongated pyramid-shaped crown. At the base, it is wide, the branches hang down.

Korneevskaya got its name in honor of one of its creators - R.V. Korneev. LN Zhukova also took part in its creation. Both are breeders of the Lower Volga Research Institute of Agriculture. The birthplace of the hybrid is its reference station Dubovskaya.

Be sure to take care of the props. Under the weight of the harvest, thin shoots may well break, although the culture does not differ in high yields. The maximum that can be obtained from a tree is 25–30 kg of plums.

You will remove the first fruits from the tree 3-4 years after planting the seedling in a permanent place. The variety is self-fertile, it does well without pollinators. Hungarian Korneevskaya well tolerates prolonged drought, heat, winter cold, without losing the quantity and quality of fruits, rarely suffers from diseases typical of stone fruits.

Plums ripen in the last decade of August. Fruits are large (30–35 g), almost all of the same size. The skin is dark, blue-lilac, sometimes a brownish tint is present. Small, almost imperceptible lighter dots are often found. The seam is also practically invisible. The pulp is very tasty, amber, juicy and fleshy. Fruits are suitable for fresh consumption and belong to the category of dessert.

The lifespan of the tree, in comparison with the rest of the Hungarians, is short - 18–20 years. Korneevskaya blooms in early May. The ripening time of the crop is highly dependent on the weather, stretching for almost a month - from mid-August to the end of the first decade of September.

The branches of the Hungarian Korneevskaya definitely need props

Italian

The homeland of the Italian Hungarian plum, as you might guess, is Italy. But not the warmest southern regions, but the north of the Apennine Peninsula, the alpine regions. Therefore, she is not as warm-loving and effeminate as it might seem at first glance. The variety is quite old, bred in the 50s of the XX century, but is still cultivated all over the world.

On the territory of Russia, the culture will bear fruit only in the Crimea, Krasnodar Territory, Rostov Region, Kuban, and other territories with a similar climate. Some enthusiasts are trying to grow it in the Kursk, Voronezh regions, even in the Urals district, but it is still chilly there in winter.

The tree is of medium height, about 4 m. The crown is wide, round (5–6 m in diameter). Branches hang down noticeably.

The fruits ripen rather late - by mid-September. Plums are large (32–35 g), the skin color is inky-violet, the presence of many lighter rounded spots of small diameter and a continuous layer of gray-white bloom is characteristic. The pulp is green-yellow, lime-colored, thickened near the stone. There are also some scarlet veins. The aroma is weak.

Under proper conditions, the yield of Italian Hungarian is very high - 50–80 kg per mature tree. The maximum indicators can be achieved by planting Azhanskaya, Domashnaya, Altana, Ekaterina, Green Renklode plums next to it. The first fruiting occurs 4–5 years after planting.

The variety shows good resistance to clasterosporia and moth, but categorically does not tolerate prolonged drought. All ovaries immediately fall off the tree. Hungarian Italian requires a certain experience and knowledge of agrotechnical techniques from the gardener, as she is quite capricious.

Hungarian Italian takes root only in the southern regions of Russia

Pulkovskaya

With rare exceptions, the Hungarian plum Pulkovskaya is grown only on the territory of the Leningrad Region. For the first time, its appearance was noted in Pulkovo, Pokrovka, Antropshino.

It was not possible to find out the history of the variety reliably, therefore in the catalogs it is found with the mark "folk selection".

The tree is tall (5–6 m), the crown is spreading, but sparse, reminiscent of an inverted broom. Quite good indicators of winter hardiness. The first crop is harvested 3 years after planting. Plums ripen without additional pollinating varieties (Winter red, Moskovskaya, Skorospelka red), but with them the yield increases 4–5 times. The culture rarely suffers from aphids and perforated spotting, but the fruits crack strongly at high humidity. Hungarian Pulkovskaya makes certain requirements for the soil - fertile loam is very desirable.

Plums ripen from mid to late September, in several waves. But you can wait for the latter - the former will not crumble. From one adult tree, 20-25 kg of fruit are removed annually. Plums are rather small (20–25 g), one half is noticeably larger than the other. The characteristic seam is clearly visible. The color of the skin is violet-blue with dark red spots, there is a wax coating in the form of separate spots. The pulp is pale yellow, granular. Taste qualities for an amateur. Mostly Hungarian Pulkovskaya goes to homemade preparations.

Hungarian Pulkovskaya - a variety that arose by itself

Amazing

Hungarian Izumitelnaya is a self-infertile variety, bred by Ukrainian breeders. Choose several varieties of plum as pollinators that, like her, bloom late.

The tree is not too tall - 4–4.5 m. New plants are harvested 4–5 years after planting. Plums are rather small (25–28 g), inky purple in color. The seam and wax coating are lighter, almost blue. The pulp is yellow-brown, friable, very sweet. It is almost impossible to separate the bone from it.

The fruits of Hungarian Izumitelnaya are distinguished by good keeping quality and transportability, frost resistance, high resistance to fruit rot.

Hungarian Amazing, indeed, has amazing taste.

Donetsk

The homeland of the variety is the Donetsk branch of the Institute of Horticulture of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences. A stalk of the Green Renclode variety was grafted onto the crown of the Skorospelka red tree.

Hungarian Donetskaya is one of the first to mature. The harvest can be taken as early as the tenth of August. The first fruiting occurs 4–5 years after planting in the ground.

The tree is medium-tall - up to 4.5 m. The crown is spreading, not very dense. Fruiting is regular, but it is far from the record figures of Donetsk. Maximum you will remove 25-30 kg of plums. The average life span of a tree is 17–20 years. The variety is self-fertile, but the presence of a number of other plums increases the yield. Such varieties as Italian, Anna Shpet, Altana, Karbyshev's renklod are suitable.

Hungarian Donetsk needs a suitable soil. On too dry and light sandy soil, the ovaries will regularly crumble.

Fruits are medium in size (about 30 g). The skin is dark purple, with a brown tint and a thick continuous layer of bloom. The side seam is almost invisible. The pulp is dull greenish, olive, juicy and sweet, with a slight sourness. Those who grow Donetsk Hungarian celebrate the amazing taste of prunes and compote from it. The harvested plums can be stored at room temperature for about three weeks and are well tolerated during transportation.

If the summer turned out to be cold and cloudy, the Hungarian Donetskaya on the tree may not ripen. This will happen later, during storage.

Hungarian Donetskaya is a rather capricious culture, but its fruits are very tasty

There is another plum with a similar name. Early Donetsk Hungarian is the result of free cross-pollination of seedlings of Violet Renklode (aka Prince) and Hungarian Azhanskaya.

The tree is quite tall (5–5.5 m), with a rounded crown. Young shoots seem to be trying to curl, but straighten with age. With prolonged droughts, the leaves may wither, but this weather will not affect the fruits in any way. The yield is high - 60–70 kg per mature tree.

Medium sized plums (25–30 g) have an amazing taste. This is the opinion of not only breeders, but also independent experts. The skin is dark blue, a slight greenish tint is permissible. The wax coating is solid, bluish. The pulp is salad-colored, dense to the point that it crunches slightly. Ripe plums can hang from the tree for a month without crumbling.

The variety is self-fertile, but the presence of Donetsk Hungarian, Renklod Karbyshev, on the garden plot, will significantly increase the yield.

Hungarian Donetskaya early is considered by many to be the most delicious of all similar plums.

Voronezh

Hungarian Voronezh - the result of grafting a cuttings of the Green Ranclode into the crown of the Red Skorospelka tree. The variety is zoned specifically for cultivation in warm southern regions.

The tree is relatively low (3.5–4.5 m), the crown stretches strongly upward, resembling a broom. The variety is self-fertile. The crop blooms late, so pick up any home plum with a similar flowering period for pollination.

The characteristic features of the Voronezh Hungarian are a long growing season, very late falling leaves, poor resistance to low temperatures and high resistance to common stone fruit diseases. At the same time, if the plant is frozen, it is possible, not without reason, to hope for its recovery.

The fruits are large (slightly less than 40 g), pear-shaped. The skin is violet-brown. The pulp is very tasty, olive-colored, firm and juicy. A pronounced aroma is characteristic. The fruits are suitable both for fresh consumption and for drying, homemade preparations.

If it was cold in summer, most likely, the Voronezh Hungarian will not ripen on the tree. The plum is ripe during storage.

Hungarian Voronezh often freezes

Michurinskaya

Hungarian Michurinskaya is a medium-ripening plum variety.

Fruits are of medium size (25–30 g), in the form of an almost regular oval, but with a clearly visible “neck” at the peduncle. Plums at the stage of technical maturity have a greenish-blue skin, fully ripe - blue-violet. The coating is dense, bluish-gray. The pulp is rich green color with almost imperceptible yellowness, dense, juicy and very tender. Ripe plums literally melt in your mouth. The bone is relatively small. To separate it from the pulp, you need to make an effort.

You can take your time with harvesting. Ripe fruits will not fall off the tree for a month.

It is this variety of plums that are mostly used by domestic producers of juices with pulp and baby food. This is not least due to its good transportability and long shelf life. But even fresh, the fruits are remarkably tasty.

As a disadvantage, the peculiarity of the formation of the crown can be noted. Skeletal branches branch off from the tree at an acute angle, so deep cracks form at the growth point. Also, many complain about the plain and unattractive plums. But for an amateur gardener, appearance is far from the main thing.

The flesh of the Hungarian Michurinskaya is very juicy and tender

Bogatyrskaya

The homeland of the variety is the Dubovsky stronghold of the Lower Volga Research Institute of Agriculture. The hybrid was the result of cross-pollination of the Ipolinskaya and Domashnyaya varieties.

The tree is of medium height, the crown is spreading, not too overgrown. Shoots grow initially crooked.

Fruiting - in the second decade of August. Plums are large, about 35 g. The skin is inky-violet, covered with a whitish bloom. Lime-colored pulp, juicy, individual fibers are felt. The bone is poorly separated from it.The taste is balanced, sweet, with a slight sourness.

The variety is self-fertile, does not need pollinators. The annual yield only increases with time. The average figure is 60–70 kg of fruits per tree. Plum Bogatyrskaya tolerates frosty winters well, rarely suffers from diseases and pests. The fruits tolerate transportation well and are suitable for long-term storage.

As a disadvantage, it is noted that the plum is overloaded with the harvest, if measures are not taken in a timely manner. As a result, the fruits become smaller.

Hungarian Bogatyrskaya bears more and more fruits every year

Common (Ugorka, or Home)

Hungarian Ordinary, also known to gardeners under the names Ugorka, Moldavskaya, Domashnaya, is one of the most popular varieties. Among its undoubted advantages are high rates of resistance to typical stone fruit diseases, transportability and keeping quality.

The culture is suitable only for growing in regions with a warm climate. North of the Kursk, Voronezh region Plum Plum will freeze.

The tree is tall (6 m and more), the crown is wide, spreading, stretches upward, forming a kind of pyramid. Its lifespan with proper care is over 30 years.

Plums ripen in mid-September, as well as all late varieties are well stored. The yield is beyond praise. Average indicators - 150 kg from an adult tree. But such values ​​are possible only if all growing rules are observed. Required, for example, fertile soil that retains moisture well. The ideal option is loam.

The fruits are small (about 20 g), the skin looks black, but in fact it is dark purple. The plums are purple in the sun. The presence of specks of copper or rust color, a continuous layer of gray-white bloom is characteristic. The taste is sweet and sour, the pulp is juicy.

The variety is positioned as self-fertile, but to increase yields, it is useful to create a Hungarian Home Company. Anna Shpet, Italian, Altana are best suited.

The first fruiting will have to wait for a long time - 7–8 years. However, this is typical for Hungarian women. A significant drawback - plums crack strongly if the summer was rainy and cloudy.

Common Hungarian - a tall tree with a long lifespan

Dubovskaya

Hungarian Dubovskaya is a late-ripening variety bred at the Lower Volga Research Institute of Agriculture. The fruits ripen in the second decade of September.

The tree is of medium height, but the shoots quickly grow in length. The crown is elliptical, as if raised. The variety practically does not suffer from moniliosis and is extremely rarely affected by the moth. It is also frost-resistant.

Plums are not very large (25–30 g), almost oval, but with a pronounced "neck" at the stalk. The skin is inky-violet, the bloom on it is bluish. The pulp is greenish-yellow in color, firm and juicy.

Culture is not widespread on the territory of Russia. Mostly it can be found at home - in the Volgograd region.

Productivity will be increased by the presence of a number of pollinators. The ideal option is plum varieties Volgogradskaya, Anna Shpet, Giant.

Hungarian Dubovskaya on the territory of Russia is not widespread

Azhanskaya

Hungarian Azhanskaya comes from Western Europe, specifically from France. The variety is positioned as self-fertile, but the presence of a number of pollinators from the group of renklods (Altana, Green) has a positive effect on productivity.

The tree reaches a height of 4–4.5 m. The crown is in the form of a flattened oval, thickened. The harvest will have to wait 4–5 years. The fruits ripen en masse in the last decade of August. Even fully ripe plums do not fall off the tree. Hungarian Azhanskaya rarely suffers from the moth, but in a rainy summer, the fruits crack. And these cracks are “gates” for all kinds of pathogenic fungi and bacteria.

The yield is not bad - 60–70 kg from an adult tree. Fruits are purple in color, pointed at the stalk (the so-called neck). Characterized by the presence of reddish spots and a thick layer of waxy coating. The skin is firm but tender.The pulp is amber, with a slight greenish tint. It tastes good, tender, fiber-free, but not too juicy. The stone, in comparison with the rest of the Hungarians, is flatter and more rounded. The fruits tolerate transportation well, but they are stored for a maximum of 7-12 days.

Hungarian Azhanskaya is notable for its yield, but not keeping quality

Features of planting and growing

Plum Hungarian needs a lot of heat and light - keep this in mind when choosing a place for planting

Caring for Hungarians differs little from the agrotechnical techniques typical for other stone fruits, not only plums. But there are also some peculiarities:

• Any Hungarian plum treasures sunlight and warmth. Therefore, the site should warm up well and be protected from sharp cold drafts. Another mandatory requirement is a nutritious and loose soil that retains moisture well. Cold damp air tends to accumulate at the bottom, so lowlands will not work. Snow accumulates in them during the winter. This can provoke bark heating, especially at the root collar. The ideal location is a hillside that stretches from north to south or from northeast to southwest.
• Check the acidity of the soil in advance. Sour soil is categorically not suitable for plums of Hungarian. The best option is a slightly alkaline substrate.
• After planting the Hungarian plum, the soil in the trunk circle must be constantly kept moist. Some varieties tolerate drought well, but in this case, you can not expect abundant fruiting. It is especially important to water the Hungarian during flowering and when the fruits are intensively increasing the mass. Do not forget about watering the newly planted seedlings. This is the key to the correct development of the root system and the quick adaptation of the plant to new conditions.
• Hungarian plum responds very gratefully to fertilization. Every spring, at the same time as digging up the soil, apply nitrogen-containing fertilizers and natural organic matter (rotted manure, humus) to the trunk circle. Phosphorus and potassium are also helpful. In the fall, give up nitrogen - the plant will not be able to properly prepare for wintering.
• Proper pruning is very important for a Hungarian woman. Trees are distinguished by a thickened crown, in their "natural" form, they bear fruit much worse than when properly formed. It is strongly not recommended to delay pruning - Hungarian plum reacts negatively to the removal of mature lignified shoots. As a rule, a hollow appears in this place - a real "gate" for insect pests, pathogenic bacteria, fungi, plant immunity drops sharply. 2-3 years after planting the seedling in a permanent place near the Hungarian plum, you need to completely cut off all the shoots at the roots, small branches growing inside the crown and down. The root shoots are pruned by raking the ground and finding the base of each process. However, if the tree has suffered frost in winter, leave 2-3 of the sturdiest branches. From them, in the future, new skeletal shoots can be formed.

  Pruning Hungarian plums is carried out later than other stone fruit trees

• In especially fruitful years, it is not a fact that even a regular one will save the Hungarian plum from the branches breaking under the excessive weight of the fruit. It is recommended to make props in advance.

The Hungarian plum harvest is a real feast for the gardener's eyes

Gardeners reviews

I love the Domashnyaya plum variety. We call it Ugorka. Bears fruit abundantly since the third year. The fruits are juicy, sweet to bitterness. The tree loves water, if not watered, it crumbles. Well, about the main thing. Pouring from Ugorka is an amazing thing. You can insist on vodka, moonshine, alcohol. Alcohol, of course, strong. And you can also make wine.

Konstantin

I will not be mistaken if I say about the Hungarian Pulkovskaya, that this is the main variety in the Leningrad region, a “workhorse”. There are practically in every garden, especially in the old one. Ripens in mid or late September.It is large enough, the taste is good, the yield is very good, the winter hardiness is average, in severe winters it freezes quite strongly, after which it gives a lot of root growth, which is why it became so widespread in the region.

Ivigni

Hungarian Donetskaya Early is a very valuable specimen in terms of taste ... Some professionals say that she is the best ...

Alexander

There are two plum trees growing in our country house. I'll tell you about the Italian Hungarian variety. It has dark-colored large, elongated oval fruits with firm sweet pulp. A very bountiful harvest. The fruits are easy to dry. It turns out to be a wonderful prune.

Supervisor

Many of my neighbors believe that Moscow plums are the ultimate dream: there are many of them, they are sweet. Why spend money on expensive varieties? And we thought that such a variety has no place in the garden largely because plums are tasteless - soft, often with a worm, and even more often just with rot, which appears on the fruits still hanging on the branch.

Afina

Hungarian Moscow is the most productive and stable of them. It is self-fertile and often produces bountiful harvests of mediocre red fruits that ripen in late August or early September. But processed products from them are of good quality, especially jam and juice with pulp.

Irene

Among the varieties of Ukrainian selection, one of the most delicious is Donetskaya early Hungarian. I like the Donetsk Hungarian for the one-dimensionality of the fruits and the uniformity of loading over the volume of the crown. This is an excellent variety for prunes, and a very important point is that it can hang on the tree for a very long time.

ilich1952

Hungarian vulgaris stands out with a very good taste, a very long period of consumption, but small, not fast-growing (beginning of fruiting 5-7 years after planting), very amazed by the shark. Therefore, in recent years, those wishing to lay gardens of this variety have diminished. But for fans of the Hungarian Ordinary in Poland, three of her clones were bred: Tolar, Promis, Nektavit, which, although they did not surpass the maternal variety in large-fruited, are less susceptible to sharka disease.

ilich1952

Any sort of Hungarian plum is mainly appreciated by domestic gardeners for the yield and long life of the tree. The dense pulp has an amazing taste and aroma, such fruits are excellent raw materials for homemade preparations for the winter. The aesthetic moment is also important - the flowering of the Hungarian plum will decorate your garden.

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The first Hungarian women were grown exclusively in the south of our country. Now many zoned varieties have been bred. Therefore, residents of many Russian regions have a chance to grow plums with dark fruits and cook homemade prunes.

General description of plums Hungarian

The Hungarian plum is named according to its territory of origin. Plant seedlings were brought to Russia from Hungary at the beginning of the 20th century. It is a natural hybrid of cherry plum and blackthorn. The first trees took root in the gardens on the Black Sea coast, they were warm and moisture-loving, not frost-resistant, but very productive.

What a plum tree looks like

A mature tree is quite impressive in size - its height reaches 5-6 m. The crown is spreading, oval or pyramid-shaped. For the convenience of care and harvesting, the Hungarian is sometimes formed by a bush with a height of 2-3 m. The life span of a tree is on average 25-30 years.

Most Hungarian women are self-fertile, but when pollinated with another variety, the yield increases.

The Hungarian plum tree is quite tall - it reaches 5–6 m

Fruits and terms of ripening of the crop

Fruit color is dark (blue, violet, lilac, burgundy). The skin is covered with a whitish waxy coating.The side seam is clearly defined, so that the fruit can be easily broken in half. The pulp is dense, easily separated from the stone. The fruits are distinguished by high keeping quality, they are able to ripen after harvest.

Hungarian plum fruits - dark in color, with a touch and firm sweet pulp

Hungarians bear fruit every year, from one tree they collect 30-60 kg of fruit. Ripening period - medium and medium late.

The harvest depends on the quality of the soil, climate, care. Under optimal conditions, one tree can yield a yield of 150-200 kg.

Olives and prunes: what to make from Hungarian

In addition to fresh consumption, specific dishes are prepared from plums. It is believed that real prunes are obtained only from Hungarian. This is explained by the high content of dry matter (about 20%), as well as pectins and sugar (11-15%). Also, a pickled snack "cream for olives" is prepared from the fruits of this variety. This requires dense berries with a low water content, which corresponds to the Hungarian.

Great prunes are prepared from the fruits of the Hungarian

The benefits and harms of the fruits of the Hungarian

Fresh and dried Hungarian fruits are a good laxative and contain many beneficial antioxidants that slow down aging. Plant fiber prevents bowel cancer. These fruits are rich in vitamin K, which strengthens the heart, is responsible for blood clotting and is involved in building bone tissue. It is worth considering that there is a lot of sugar in prunes, so you should not abuse it - 3-4 dried fruits are enough.

The calorie content of prunes is 231 kcal per 100 g of fruit, fresh plums - 42 kcal per 100 g.

Video: Plum Hungarian Common (Ugorka)

Popular varieties of Hungarians

Thanks to the work of breeders on the breeding of zoned varieties, today the subspecies of Hungarians include plums of different winter hardiness, differing in crown size, fruit shape, yield and other indicators.

The State Register of Russia includes Hungarian women Moskovskaya, Korneevskaya, Pulkovskaya, Kubanskaya and Novaya.

Moscow (Tsaritsynskaya)

This is one of the oldest zoned varieties (entered in the State Register in 1947). From the name it is clear that the plum was bred for cultivation in the Central region (Moscow, Smolensk and Ryazan regions). The tree grows up to 3 m high, forms a spherical, spreading and thickened crown. In winter it can freeze, but it recovers very quickly, gives a lot of overgrowth.

Ripening later. Fruits are asymmetric, ovoid, weighing 15–28 g. The skin is purple with a red tint, the flesh is amber, juicy and firm. The bone is easily separated. The peduncle is of medium length, thin. Mokovskaya in many respects is inferior to modern Hungarians: the fruits are medium-sized, of mediocre taste, fruiting begins at the age of 7-8. The pluses include: self-fertility, high yields and versatility.

Moskovskaya is famous for its high yield, the fruits are dark, almost purple, medium-sized

Korneevskaya

Plum is zoned for the Central Black Earth Region. The tree at Korneevskaya is medium-sized (4 m), the crown is raised, dense, rounded. The plum is self-fertile, pleases with the first harvest at the age of 3-4 years. Fruits are aligned, oval, brownish-purple. The pulp is yellow, juicy, sugar content - 15%. Dessert taste, estimated at 4.5 points. The weight of one fruit is 30 g, the yield for industrial cultivation is high (116 c / ha).

The variety is named after one of the creators - R.V. Korneeva. The scientist took part in the work on the breeding of several hundred different fruit hybrids, including the Hungarian plum.

Plum Korneevskaya has lined fruits with delicate sweet pulp

Pulkovskaya

Pulkovskaya is also an old variety from the last century. Fruits - dark red with dots and spots, weight of each - 20-25 g. Taste sweet and sour, satisfactory. Plum is not resistant to clasterosporium disease (leaf perforation) and fruit rot. There are also positive aspects that allowed Pulkovskaya to register in the garden plots.In particular, a tall and spreading tree (3–4 m) gives high yields. A rare crown does not require careful annual pruning. The variety is winter-hardy, therefore it has become almost the only one for cultivation in the Leningrad region.

Hungarian Pulkovskaya stands out among others with a sparse crown, red fruits and perforated spot on the leaves

Kuban

The tree is vigorous, relatively resistant to frost, drought and disease. The variety is zoned for the Krasnodar Territory and Adygea with their mild and humid climate. The fruits are large (35 g), spherical, asymmetrical. The skin is dark purple in color, the flesh is greenish-yellow. The peduncle is long and thick. Kuban begins bearing fruit in 5–6 years. Gardeners appreciate this plum for its high yield and good fruit taste.

The fruits of the Kuban are large, asymmetric, covered with a thick waxy coating

New

Hungarian Novaya was bred in 2015 for the Lower Volga region and the North Caucasus, is winter hardy, and tolerates drought well. The tree grows low, so the yield is average, but the fruits are beautiful, one-dimensional, oval, with a blue skin. The pulp is yellow, dryish, but the taste is highly rated - 4.8 points. Pests have also tasted this variety - Novaya is often affected by the moth.

The Hungarian Nova has double inflorescences, that is, each brush consists of two fruits

Belarusian

Plum is medium-sized (3.5 m), crown of medium thickening. The variety has a high winter hardiness. Fruits are large (an average of 40 g), elongated, purple. The pulp is orange, sweet and sour. The taste is estimated at 4.3 points. Belorusskaya begins bearing fruit in the third year after planting. For high yields, pollinators are needed, since this Hungarian is only partially self-fertile.

The main advantages of Belorusskaya are large fruits and high winter hardiness.

Italian

This plum loves a warm climate with high air humidity. In arid regions, it sheds flowers and ovaries, and in cold regions it freezes. The fruits are dark blue, sweet. Their size and yield depend on the growing region. So, in Sochi, with good care, the weight of the fruit is more than 41 g, the average is 28–35 g. The tree is tall - up to 5 m, crown width - up to 6 m.

This is one of the very first Hungarian varieties that appeared in Russia. Its yield in Adler and Gelendzhik was mentioned at the beginning of the last century. The variety remains industrial today.

Hungarian Italian grows only in warm and humid climates, from its fruits the best prunes are obtained

Amazing

Amazing bred in Ukraine, where it is grown, in Russian regions it is rare. The variety has low winter hardiness, but very tasty fruits, tasting score - 5 points. The first crop matures on a 4–5-year-old tree that is not self-fertile. We need pollinators with the same ripening period, that is, late ripening. Fruits with an average weight of 30 g are drop-shaped, the skin is purple with a blue waxy bloom. The pulp is olive-colored, crispy, aromatic. A stone with sharp edges, in ripe fruits it separates easily.

Hungarian Amazing was most widespread in Ukraine

Donetsk

Among the advantages of the Hungarian Donetskaya are good winter hardiness, early fruiting (3-4 years), self-fertility. Fruits hang on the tree for up to 30 days without crumbling. Although they are not very large (up to 30 g), they have one of the best taste. Varietal features: fruits pointed to the top, shallow seam, twisting shoots.

You can find the name Donetskaya early. From the descriptions, they are the same variety. The fruits are ready to be harvested in the second half of August or early September, depending on the weather conditions.

Voronezh

This plum needs pollinators. Fruits are formed 4–5 years after planting a one-year seedling. Winter hardiness of the variety is average due to the extended growing season. The harvest ripens in the first half of September. Leaf fall begins late.As a result, Voronezhskaya does not have time to prepare for winter. But after freezing it quickly recovers. Fruits are large - 35 g, obovate, brownish-purple. The pulp is sweet, with sourness, tasting score - 5 points.

Hungarian Voronezh gives its first harvest 4-5 years after planting

Michurinskaya

This variety is used for the preparation of juices and baby food. Fruits are medium in size (25–30 g), oval in shape, tender flesh, melting in the mouth, very tasty. Fruits can hang on branches for a long time without crumbling and turning into prunes. Among the disadvantages is poor winter hardiness. Michurinskaya grows well in southern Russia and in the Central Black Earth Region.

Another disadvantage of the variety is that the branches branch off from the trunk at an acute angle, therefore, in winter, loaded with snow, or in autumn with fruits, they often break off, forming deep cracks in the trunk. Props are needed, but for many gardeners this is not a problem.

The fruits of Michurinskaya have a tender pulp that melts in the mouth.

Bogatyrskaya

Branches branch off at an acute angle and can break under the weight of large plums. The weight of the fruit is from 40 g, the shape of its top is rounded, the stalk has a small fossa, the seam is clearly visible. The taste of the pulp is sweet and sour. It begins to bear fruit in 4–5 years, 6–8-year-old trees bear 80 kg of fruit each. The main advantages of Bogatyrskaya are resistance to unfavorable climatic conditions, winter hardiness and high productivity.

Hungarian Bogatyrskaya is often overloaded with large fruits

Common (Home, Ugorka)

The variety is widespread in Moldova, Ukraine, in the south of the Russian Federation. Ugorka can be found in gardens and central Russia, and in its southern part. The tree grows strong, is not susceptible to fungal diseases, the fruits are large (40–47 g).

Hungarian Plum Plums are large, tasty, well transported, suitable for any harvesting

The average yield is 60–70 kg, but with good care and climate, 150–180 kg per tree are harvested. Fruits are characterized by a high sugar content - up to 13%, mainly used for making prunes.

Dubovskaya

Hungarian bred in the Volgograd region, zoned for the same region. Average winter hardiness, vigorous tree. Small fruits (25-30 g), with a mediocre sweet and sour taste, are used for processing. The yield of Dubovskaya is high if pollinating varieties grow nearby. Begins fruiting in the fifth year.

Medium-sized oval-shaped plums with a small neck grow on Dubovskaya

Pear-shaped

The variety is grown in the south of Siberia, in the Krasnoyarsk Territory and the Volga region. The pear-shaped fruit is markedly different from those already described. Near the stalk, instead of a fossa, a peculiar influx is visible, like a pear. The fruit is red-purple, weight - up to 35 g. The tree grows rather big - 5 m in height. The crown is pyramidal. The frost resistance of the bark is high, and the flower buds can freeze out. The plum does not get sick, but it is damaged by pests (aphids, moths, etc.).

Pear-shaped fruits resemble the fruit of the same name, but still strive for an oval shape.

Ural

There is also a variety of Hungarian Ural. In our country, it is quite widespread in the Urals (due to its good winter hardiness). Since the name contains the word "Hungarian", the variety is sometimes mixed with this group, but it refers to Canadian plums.

Ural Hungarian belongs to the Canadian plums

Features of planting and care

The specificity of caring for this type of plum is mainly related to their incredible yield. In addition, one should not forget that Hungarian women are southerners by origin. The more light, heat and moisture they receive, the larger and sweeter the fruits will grow.

Rules that should be followed by owners of Hungarian women:

• buy and plant only zoned varieties adapted to your climate;
• Hungarian women love warmth and sun. Choose appropriate places for their placement on your site;
• even a self-fertile Hungarian do not plant alone.Buy seedlings of different varieties, but the same flowering period. The yield will be noticeably higher;
• still at a young age, before entering into fruiting, bend the skeletal branches extending from the trunk at an acute angle down so that the angle becomes about 60⁰, fix with pegs. If this operation is done in the spring, then by the fall the branches themselves will hold in the desired position;
• the size of the crop also depends on how well-groomed the crown is. In neglected thickets, the fruits will grow small. Thin the crown of the fruiting tree annually;
• plum roots are superficial. To endow you with an abundance of fruit, the plum takes a lot of nutrients from the ground. Feed the Hungarian women in the spring with organic matter or mineral nitrogen fertilizers, and in the fall - with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers;
• some varieties are drought-resistant, but absolutely all will give larger fruits, having received enough moisture during flowering and growth of ovaries;
• remove the shoots regularly, because it takes the juices from the tree, which are necessary for the formation of fruits;
• most varieties are affected by klyasterosporiosis (perforated spot), and the tasty and aromatic fruits attract the moth. Treat plums for diseases and pests;
• under the branches of the Hungarian, strewn with fruits, install props.

Video: the main agricultural practices for growing plums

Reviews of different varieties of Hungarian plum

The most delicious and productive Hungarian women still grow in the south of Russia. But varieties with varying degrees of winter hardiness have also been bred for other regions. If the summer will delight the plum on hot days, and the gardener - with good care, then the zoned Hungarian women will also give fruits with the taste of southern prunes.

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"Hungarian" is a species that combines a large number of varieties. What they have in common: dark blue, almost purple color of fruits with a specific bluish bloom, oblong shape. This type of plum came to Europe from Asia and spread widely in the Balkans.

This variety of plum came to Russia in the middle of the last century from Hungary, where it has been cultivated since the 9th century. The Hungarians used a special harvesting technology. The plum was not picked, it was overripe, and crumbled. Withered, the fruits were distinguished by a special taste, were stored for a long time.

The Vengerka varieties are traditionally used for making prunes; they are made only from the berries of this type. The fruits are distinguished by a high percentage of sugars 15%, dense pulp with 20% dry matter.

Plum is highly regarded for its nutritional quality. The processing industry produces juices, jams, preserves, compotes. It is also good fresh. Nutritionists recommend including it in dried form in the diet.

Description of the species: general characteristics

A mature tree reaches six meters in height. The crown is pyramidal or oval, the shoots are reddish-brown in color. The peculiarity of the fruits is asymmetry. Large berries can be 6 centimeters long and 5 centimeters wide. The shape of the fruit is elliptical with a side seam. The color is dark blue or purple, there is a bluish bloom on the skin. The bones are separated well.

Excellent taste is due to the optimal content:

• Sahara;
• pectin;
• fruit acids.

Harvest, well stored for a long time, not damaged during transportation. Overripe fruits taste especially good.

Most varieties of Hungarian enter fruiting late, in the seventh year. The cultivation technique of this species coincides with the basic rules for planting and caring for plums. Features can be applied to individual varieties, or due to the climatic conditions of the growing region. We will consider them after the description of the varieties.

Hungarian plum - description of popular varieties

Hungarian italian

The variety has long been known in Russia, grows well in the Krasnodar Territory. Do not grow in hot, dry summers. Dry air leads to dropping of the ovaries, this significantly reduces the yield.

They enter the fruiting period after five years. The harvesting period depends on the growing region, usually at the end of August, beginning of September. If the crop is grown for dried fruits, harvested at the end of September, they should ripen completely and wither slightly. One plum gives about 70 kilograms of fruit.

The best prunes are produced from plums of the Italian Hungarian variety. Good taste determines the sugar content of more than 12%. Dried fruits from it are fleshy, beautiful bluish-black color. Plums of this variety are self-fertile, but cross-pollination significantly increases the yield. Good pollinators:

• Hungarian Azhanskaya;
• Home Hungarian;
• Anna Shpet;
• Ekaterina.

Description of the variety

The tree is medium-tall, 5 meters high, has a crown up to six meters wide. Its shape in a young tree is usually pyramidal, in an adult it is rounded-wide. The trunk is thick and sinuous. Skeletal branches are thick, knotty. The bark is gray. The color of the leaves is dark green, they are smooth, rather large, have an elongated elongated shape.

The length and width of the average fruit is 4.5 * 3.5 cm, weighs 35 g. The color of the skin is dark purple, almost black, there is a reddish tint on the sides, there is a characteristic bluish-grayish bloom.

The ripe fruit contains a fleshy orange or reddish flesh that is very juicy with an excellent taste. The bones are average in size 2.4 * 1.5 * 0.8 mm. Their separation from the pulp is good. For a month, the berries, being in the refrigerator, can retain their commercial qualities.

Care and its features

This variety requires standard care like other varieties of plums. Particular attention should be paid to:

• timely carrying out of forming and sanitary scraps:
• preventive treatment of trees against diseases caused by the fungus clasteosporia and red spot.
• Fight moth, plum sawfly, aphids.

Dignity

• enters early in the fruiting period;
• high yield;
• a little susceptible to diseases;
• fruits are ideal for drying.

Flaws: the variety is very dependent on the quality of the soil, climate, care.

Reviews

According to reviews, the fruits are ideal for drying. Problems arise for plum growers in very humid climates. Fruits are often affected by gray rot, the crop suffers from the moth, almond seed-eater. Partial shedding of unripe fruits is observed.

Gardeners note the excellent quality of the fresh fruits of the Italian Hungarian, the meatiness and special sweetness of the prunes obtained from it. Consider her demanding care. She needs watering, irrigation. Often freezes during spring cold snaps.

Korneevskaya

Hungarian Korneevskaya - development of the Lower Volga Research Institute. Obtained from Bogatyrskaya and Volgogradskaya plums. The variety became popular in the early 2000s.

Description

For the variety, trees of medium vigor are typical. Their height depends on the stock. The crown is wide, formed by branches of medium density. The trunk and branches at the base are covered with gray, flaky bark. The angle between the trunk and branches is sharp. The skin of the shoot of the current year is smooth, brown with a slight gray tinge. Shoots are slightly curved in shape, the buds on them are brown, conical.

Leaves are ovoid. The color of the bottom of the plate is lighter than their dark green top. The surface of the leaf plate and short petiole is poorly pubescent. The flowers are white, small can be either single or double, triple. The beginning of flowering is the first days of May. Place of tying spurs, as well as last year's shoots.

The size of the fruits is medium and higher, the length is slightly more than 4 cm, the circumference is 3 centimeters, the shape resembles an oval, and weighs on average about 35 grams.The skin is violet in color with a brownish tint, covered with a pronounced bloom of a waxy hue. Many dots can be seen under it. The seam stands out poorly. The pulp is yellow, juicy, very tasty. The bones are medium. Percentage composition of fruits:

• 20 dry matter;
• 14 sugar;
• 8 acids.

Fruits are suitable for table, dessert purposes. Recommended for processing in any way. They are transported without loss of commercial qualities.

The flowering period is early May. Ripening and harvest time depends on the weather. Usually this is the end of August and the first half of September. Early fruiting. Annuals can start producing crops three to four years after planting.

The lifespan of a tree and its heights depend on the stock. Plum is fruitful for 15 years, if it has a felt cherry rootstock, if a plum or apricot was taken as a rootstock, the maximum period is 20 years.

Korneevskaya is a self-fertile, fruitful plum. The tree in the first four years of fruiting gives up to 30 kilograms of fruit. Korneevskaya, refers to winter-hardy varieties, but, possibly, slight freezing at very low temperatures and sharp temperature changes. Drought is not terrible for her, especially if the stock is on an apricot.

Care and its features

The care is standard. It is necessary to prop up the branches in especially fruitful years, to put supports under them. They often break from severity.

Dignity

• self-fertility;
• yield;
• tolerates drought well in summer, frost in winter.

Moscow

Another name for the Moscow Hungarian is Tsaritsinskaya, this is a very old variety, well known to experienced gardeners. Bred in the 50s of the last century for cultivation in areas adjacent to Moscow. The variety grows well in temperate climates. They are appreciated for the fact that it tolerates twenty-degree frosts well.

Description of the variety

The average fruit weight is 20 grams, large berries can weigh 30 grams. The fruits are covered with a dense rind, on which a bluish-purple bloom of a reddish hue is visible. The pulp is tough, tinged with a golden honey color, high juiciness. The shape of many fruits is irregular and asymmetrical. Fruits are inferior in taste to southern varieties. The purpose of use is canning. Not damaged in transit.

The height of an adult tree is no more than 3.5 meters. The shape of the crown looks like a large ball. Up to 40 kilograms of fruits are removed from one plum. Ripening is amicable, later - September is the second decade.

Fruits can be plucked not ripe, they reach in a torn form.

The advantage of the variety can be attributed to the preservation of the presentation of the fruit in a rainy summer. The skin does not crack.

The pollinator of plum Skorospelka red, planted next to the Moscow Hungarian, increases the yield.

Care and its features

The Moscow Hungarian does not require special care.

Dignity

• bountiful, annual harvest;
• frost resistance;
• the harvest does not depend on the weather;
• self-pollinated;
• has good immunity to plum diseases.

Reviews

Gardeners give positive feedback. They are satisfied with a stable yield, a slight dependence of the yield on the weather. Moscow plum is sick a little, is not afraid of frosts in spring. The hostesses make excellent jams, jams, marshmallows, make compotes.

There are also negative reviews. Some gardeners consider the plum not tasty, soft. The fruit is affected by the moth, they rot. Others believe that although the taste of the fruit is rather mediocre, there are many of them, and the variety is good for homemade preparations. Jams, compotes from it are delicious.

Donetsk

Hungarian Donetskaya is an early ripening variety bred by Ukrainian scientists. Harvesting begins in early August. The tree is early-growing, the first fruits are tied after five years. The height of a mature tree is just over 4 meters. It has a dense, spreading crown. The harvest gives every year.

Description of the variety

The average fruit size is almost 30 g. The color is dark purple, brownish tint, strong bloom. The seam on the side is poorly visible. Fruit pulp is slightly sour, greenish, juiciness is high. Delicious prunes are obtained from it.The fruits are stored for three weeks, do not crumple during transportation.

One tree can produce 25 kg of plums. The tree lives for about 20 years. The plant is self-pollinated, planting next to the pollinator increases the yield. As a pollinator, you can plant Hungarian varieties:

• Italian;
• Anna Shpet;
• Altan.

Care and its features

Planting, care, feeding, such as other varieties of plums. A feature of the variety is considered to be high exactingness to the composition of the soil. Dry, sandy soil is not suitable, the ovaries do not ripen, they crumble.

If it was cold in summer, the fruits on the tree do not ripen, you can remove them not green, they will ripen in baskets.

Advantages

• long-term storage;
• fruits do not crumple during transportation;
• regular fruiting;
• the harvest does not depend on the weather;
• universal purpose

Reviews

Gardeners give excellent recommendations for the variety, consider it the best, most delicious. The fruits are even, beautiful, evenly distributed over the crown. Prunes from Hungarian Donetsk are of high quality. The plum hangs on the tree for a long time, does not fall off.
 

Plum Hungarian: video

Planting and leaving

Seat selection

Hungarian plum is a lover of warmth and especially sunshine. The choice of location must be taken seriously. He does not like lowlands, fog usually falls in them, dampness persists for a long time after rains, and a lot of snow is covered. For the bark, especially at the root collar, this is fraught. Can resist.

Grows well in low elevations, in areas illuminated by the sun, protected from strong winds. The southern, southwestern or western parts of the garden are most favorable for planting plums.

Soil requirements

Hungarian plum, develops well on loose soils with normal acidity. The roots of this plant can go up to 0.4 m deep, so the groundwater level should not be higher than 0.5 meters from ground level.

If necessary, reduce the acidity of the soil. Add 600 g of wood ash or the same amount of dolomite flour for each square meter of wood ash.

Sapling selection

Attention, it is worth paying attention to the root system, it should be fresh in appearance not overdried. The bark is the second - an important part of the seedling, which must be paid attention to, there should be no damage. The stem should be good, the trunk should not be split.

Landing

Preparing the pit will take some effort. It must be large enough:

• depth 0.6 m;
• width 0.7 m.

The top layer of the soil is fertile, remove it, put it aside, it will come in handy. Stack the soil that is infertile in composition separately, and take it out later. You will need a high stake, drive it in the very center of the pit. Prepare the soil for filling the planting pit.

1. Mix the removed fertile soil with the same amount of humus.
2. Form a hill from the mixture at the bottom.
3. The tree is set on a mound, the roots are straightened, the trunk is tied to a peg.
4. The soil for backfill when planting in the fall is made up of fertile soil and humus.

In the spring, when planting, add to this composition:

• superphosphate - 300 g;
• potassium salt - 60 g;
• wood ash - 400 g.

Fill the hole evenly, easily ramming the soil. The level of the root collar above the ground is 4 centimeters. Sprinkle the seedling with three buckets of water, sprinkle the trunk circle with peat or humus.

For better pollination, plums are planted in several pieces, varieties with the same flowering period are chosen. The centers of the planting pits are recommended to be located at least four meters from each other.

How to care?

Plum maintenance works have seasonal differences.

Complex of spring events:

1. Attract birds. Hang birdhouses for this.
2. March is a good time for pruning.
3. April - top dressing. 400 g of urea is introduced under an adult tree, it can be replaced with calcium nitrate, 200 g is enough for a young plant.
4. Protect from frost with smoke or covering material.
5. Watering, at least 6 buckets of one tree each.
6. In May, pour mullein infusion. Remove root growth. Sprinkle soil around the trunk with mulch.

Summer care comes down to watering, feeding, harvesting plums.

Most of the plums ripen in the autumn. A plant that has finished bearing fruit is prepared for winter:

1. Final feeding is carried out.
2. The earth around the trunk is shallowly dug up.
3. The trunk and branches are examined, cleaned, if necessary, of damaged areas, the wounds are covered with garden pitch.
4. The lower part of the trunk, thick skeletal branches are whitened.

Means for treating plums in spring

You can prepare the spray solution yourself. Take in a bucket of water, dilute 700g urea in it. This tool can be used to treat trees while the buds have not blossomed. Later, any of the drugs will do:

• fitoverm;
• agravertine;
• acarin;
• spark bio.

Subsequent treatment with zircon or ecoberin enhances plant immunity. In the fall, the same preparations are used for spraying when preparing plums that have finished fruiting for winter.

Proper wateringwhen the soil is well moistened at a depth of 0.4 m. How many times to water is decided by the weather. Average three or five times per season. Young trees need half as much water as adults. About ten buckets are poured under the ripe plum. Trees endure winter more easily if they are abundantly shed before the onset of the first frost.

How to properly feed?

It is necessary to comply with certain requirements when applying fertilizers. Feeding with organic fertilizers is carried out no more than once every three years, one bucket per square meter is enough. The frequency of mineral dressings is once every two years. In the spring, fertilizers with a nitrogen content are used. In autumn, complex fertilizers with phosphorus and potassium. Dosage for a young plant:

• superphosphate - 200 g;
• potassium salt - 50g;
• ammonium nitrate - 90 g.

Plants over four years old require twice the dose.

Preparing for winter

If a harsh winter is expected, tie the young plums with old bags and rags. For an adult, it is enough to sprinkle the earth in the trunk circle with sawdust or humus.

Plum pruning rules

The first pruning of the plant must be done in the second year after planting. Early spring is the time for crown formation work. For plums, Hungarian women recommend making a thin-tiered crown shape. By shaping a tree in this way, a tall tree with a large crown volume is obtained.

The height of the first tier must be at least 0.5 m from the ground. Delete all branches up to this level. Leave five, maximum ten skeletal branches on the tree. Choose those that adjoin the trunk at an angle of at least 45 degrees and are directed evenly in different directions.

Cut unnecessary branches into a ring, there should not be any stumps.

Cut each skeletal branch, leaving two-thirds of the length. The guide is also shortened. For a plum in the first year of life, the normal height is no more than 1.8 meters.

Next year, retreat 0.4 m from the upper branch and shorten the conductor at this level. Cut off the long growths of the last year by a third of the length. The length of the side shoots is shortened by 15 cm, the cut is carried out above the kidney going down. The second tier is formed every 0.5 m from the first.

Until the tree grows to 2.5 meters, shorten the conductor annually, so that there are at least six buds from the level of the upper skeletal branch to its end. Every year, remove branches that are not growing correctly: downward, weak, damaged.

The purpose of pruning is to form a pyramidal crown. In an adult plum, the growth of the previous year is subject to shortening, this stimulates the appearance of a new growth.

Two and three-year branches give the crop.

The four-year branches should be cut. Such a technique will eliminate the need for anti-aging pruning in the future.

Use a high-quality, sharp instrument to form the crown. Cover the wounds with pitch.

Spring pruning

The right time for spring pruning is the last decade of March and the first decade of April. Remove branches that are damaged by frost, carry out formative pruning.

A frequently used technique when forming a crown is bending.

Using a twine, pull the skeletal branches downward, achieve a branch angle to the trunk of 60, fasten the twine. Fruiting is accelerated by two years.

Summer pruning

1. Throughout the summer, monitor the crown, do not allow it to overgrow.
2. Carry out formative pruning in the last days of June.
3. Lateral branches of young plums are subject to pruning. Remove 20 cm from the length.
4. In June, frostbitten branches become visible, cut them off, leaving only the undamaged part.

Autumn pruning

Sanitary pruning is mandatory, it must be done after all the leaves have fallen off, and work after the tenth of September. In addition to sanitizing pruning of damaged branches, pruning of a highly elongated conductor may be necessary. Shoots that thicken the crown must be cut out in a timely manner. Autumn pruning is used in areas with mild winters.

If the winters are cold, prune only in the spring.

Plum planting and fertilization: video

Sometimes, even from experienced gardeners, one can hear the statement that the Vengerka plum is one of the most common varieties of plums throughout the entire territory of the former Soviet Union. Interestingly, this statement is both right and wrong at the same time. Correct - because it is true. And it is wrong because Hungarian is not a variety, but a varietal species, which includes more than a dozen different subspecies.

Where did the first Hungarian come from?

The exact data on the origin of the Hungarian has not been preserved. According to one version, its ancestral home is the Caucasus, where, as a result of natural cross-pollination of cherry plums and thorns, the first trees of this species appeared. But still, most sources consider her homeland to Asia, from where she first came to Eastern, and then to central and western Europe.

Plum moved to Europe from Asia, most likely, through Persia and Turkey, since it came to the Russian Empire only at the beginning of the twentieth century. She came to us already from Eastern Europe, from Hungary, therefore, the people called her Hungarian or Ugorka (Ugorshchyna is the name of Hungary in Ukrainian).

Interestingly, in Hungary itself, all the old roads are lined with plums. The "culprits" of such abundance of plums are the Hungarian clergy, who gave a plum sapling and a shovel into the hands of repentant sinners and ordered to plant and grow this tree as expiation of sins. And since at that time only roads and their sides remained "nobody's" of the lands, plum plantings began to grow along the roads.

General characteristics of the varietal species

Despite the variety of subspecies of the Hungarian, they have one thing in common: only real prunes are obtained from plums of this type. But Hungarian does not have any supernatural features, it just turned out that in its fruits the ratio of pectin, sets of sugars and fruit acids is optimal for making prunes.

All varieties of the Hungarian are medium-sized trees. Regardless of the subspecies, their height ranges from 3.5 to 6 m. The fruit shape common to all subspecies is an elongated ellipse with more or less pointed ends. The color of the fruit can vary slightly: from blue-purple to red with a bluish tinge.

The Hungarians have large fruits, although they cannot be called heroes. Maximum plums in Hungarian women grow up to 4-5 cm in diameter and 5-6 cm in length. A distinctive feature of all subspecies of Hungarians, without exception: if you break the fruit, one half of it will necessarily be slightly larger than the other.

But who will pay attention to such trifles, if the ripe fruits of Hungarian women are elastic, juicy and incredibly tasty, they break easily, and even the bone is separated from the pulp without hassle? It is not for nothing that nature has laid in ripe fruits of Hungarian plums 13-16% of sugars (glucose, fructose, sucrose) and about 20% of dry matter.

Description of subspecies Hungarian

The first Hungarian to appear in our country was Italian. Heat-loving and moisture-loving, it could grow and bear fruit only in the subtropics of the Crimea.Since then, breeders have bred many new subspecies of this variety - more dry-hardy and frost-resistant, early maturing, mid-maturing and late-maturing. But in this abundance of varieties, the taste of the fruits of the Italian Hungarian still remains one of the best.

The most common Hungarians in our country:

• Moscow (Tsaritsyn);
• Belarusian;
• Korneevskaya;
• Italian;
• Amazing;
• Donetsk;
• Michurinskaya;
• Ordinary.

Hungarian Moscow

One of the first varieties of Vengerka, bred in 1947. Although the word "bred" to this variety does not quite fit - the seedlings of the Hungarian Common spontaneously pollinated, and the resulting hybrid turned out to be so successful that it became one of the most popular in most of the territory the former Soviet Union.

The tree is about 3 m high, with a dense crown and drooping branches. 6-8 years pass from planting to the beginning of fruiting. Does not require special care, is characterized by high resistance to major diseases of stone fruit. The fruits ripen in the first half of September. The berries tolerate transportation well, plucked a little unripe, can be stored for a long time, gradually ripening during storage.

The main advantage of the Hungarian Moscow is its frost resistance. Trees can tolerate temperatures as low as minus 30 °. But even if part of the overgrowth on the tree does not withstand frost, Vengerka Moskovskaya is able to quickly recover.

The tree is self-fertile, but the proximity to the Skorospelka red plum variety increases the yield. The yield can be up to 40-45 kg per tree. Fruits are blue-lilac with a reddish tint, the average weight is about 20 grams. The skin is very dense, protects the fruit from cracking even in very rainy weather. The pulp is golden with a honey tint, juicy, although a little harsh. The taste of the fruit is a little sour, especially in comparison with the southern varieties, but the variety is quite suitable for conservation.

Hungarian Belarusian

One of the new varieties of Vengerka, bred by Belarusian breeders in 2009, the Stanley and Delikatnaya plum varieties became the “parents” of the new subspecies.

The height of the tree is 3.5-4 m, the crown is spreading, not thickened. The variety is distinguished by good frost resistance and increased resistance to clasterosporium disease. The main feature of the Belarusian Hungarian is fast fruiting: the variety begins to bear fruit 3 years after planting. Productivity up to 30 kg from an adult tree.

According to the creators of the variety, Hungarian Belorusskaya is partially self-fertile. It bears fruit annually, but in order to obtain a good harvest, it is better to plant nearby as pollinators of the Bluefri, Crooman or Victoria varieties.

Bright blue, with a thick bluish bloom, ripe large (35-40 g) fruits look beautiful both on a tree and plucked in a basket. Sweet, with a noticeable sourness, they are suitable both for long-term storage and for transportation over long distances.

Hungarian Korneevskaya

The variety was bred by re-pollination of the Volgogradskaya and Bogatyrskaya varieties. The tree can reach 5 m in height, the crown is pyramidal, wide at the base, with branches hanging down. The yield for such tall trees is not the highest - 25-30 kg per tree, but large (30-35 g) fruits (pictured above) bend thin branches downward, threatening to break them, so gardeners often use props.

Korneevskaya begins to bear fruit 3-4 years after planting. The variety is self-fertile, does not need pollinators to set fruit. The variety adapts well to both hot, arid climates and frosts. Possesses resistance against major stone fruit diseases. Of the shortcomings - rarely which long-lived trees manage to live up to 20 years.

The ripening time of the Korneevskaya Hungarian from the weather. The time frame can vary from mid-August to almost mid-September. Fruits are dark blue-lilac, sometimes with a barely noticeable brownish tinge and an almost imperceptible seam. They belong to the category of dessert, intended for fresh consumption or processing.The flesh of the fruit is amber, very juicy. One of the best subspecies of Hungarian in taste.

Hungarian Italian

The homeland of the Italian Hungarian is the north of the Apennine Peninsula. The variety does not differ in high frost resistance, therefore, the growing region in our country is limited to the Crimea, Kuban, Krasnodar Territory and regions similar to them in climatic conditions.

The tree grows up to 4 m. The variety is characterized by a very wide - 5-6 m in diameter - crown. The branches hang down strongly, which is natural with such proportions of the trunk and crown. The first crop can be harvested 4-5 years after planting.

Although the variety is considered self-fertile, planting next to it varieties of Vengerka homemade or Azhanskaya plum, Anna Shpet, Ekaterina, Altana or Renklod green greatly increases the yield of the variety.

Under optimal conditions, the yield of an adult tree is very good - 50-80 kg. But this is rare. Italians are capricious, and during a drought, part of the ovary is shed, moreover, the stronger the drought, the more the tree will get rid of the ovary. In case of severe prolonged drought, it can throw off everything, leaving the owners without a crop.

Italian is a late variety, the fruits begin to ripen not earlier than mid-September. Fruits are large, weighing 32-35 grams, black-violet, covered on top with a continuous gray-white bloom. The pulp is orange-reddish, firm near the stone. The Italian fruit is very tasty and is best suited for making prunes. In the refrigerator, the fruits of the Italian Hungarian can be stored for up to a month without losing their taste and marketability.

Hungarian Amazing

The variety was bred by Ukrainian breeders. The variety itself is not pollinated; for pollination, any variety of plum must grow nearby, blooming at the same time as Izumitelnaya.

The tree is 4-4.5 m tall, begins to bear fruit in 4-5 years after planting. The variety is distinguished by high frost resistance, fruits are almost not damaged by fruit rot. Fruits are inky purple, weighing 25-28 grams, covered with a light, almost blue bloom. Well stored and transported. The flesh of the fruit is yellow-brown in color and really amazingly sweet, but it is practically inseparable from the stone.

Hungarian Donetsk

The variety was bred in the Donetsk branch of the Institute of Horticulture of the Ukrainian Academy of Agrarian Sciences. Obtained by a scion of the Green Renklode variety on the Skorospelka red stock. Donetskaya is one of the earliest varieties of Hungarian. Under favorable weather conditions, it ripens at the end of the first decade of August.

The tree grows up to a maximum of 4.5 m in height. The crown is spreading, of medium density. Bears fruit annually. The first crop can be harvested 4-5 years after planting the seedling. Productivity - 25-30 kg of fruits from an adult tree. Like most Hungarians, the variety is self-fertile, but the presence of a number of other varieties significantly increases the yield. Altana, Anna Shpet or Hungarian Italian are suitable pollinators.

Average weight of fruits is about 30 grams. The color of ripe fruits is dark purple with a noticeable brown tint. The fruits are covered with a strong bloom, have a balanced sweet taste with a subtle sourness. Hungarian Donetskaya is one of the best varieties for making prunes.

The fruits are distinguished by good keeping quality and the ability to be transported for a long time. Hungarian Donetskaya has its own zest: if, due to the vagaries of the weather, the fruits do not have time to ripen on the tree, they can be removed half-green, and they will ripen calmly during storage.

Of the shortcomings of the variety, gardeners note its exactingness to the soil. On poor sandy soils, Vengerka Donetskaya will not bear fruit.

Hungarian Michurinskaya

The name itself speaks of the origin of the variety. The variety is self-fertile, medium ripening. Fruits weighing 25-30 grams, fully ripe - blue-violet with a dense bluish-blue bloom. You can pick the fruits at the stage of technical maturity, when they become greenish-blue.The pulp is green with barely noticeable yellowness, juicy and very tender.

The stone is small, lags behind the pulp with little effort. Ripe plums can hang on the tree for a month without crumbling. Despite the nondescript appearance, the fruits are distinguished by simply excellent taste. It is Hungarian Michurinskaya that is used to prepare baby food.

Common Hungarian

One of the oldest and most common varieties. Differs in high resistance to the main diseases of stone fruit. One of the tallest subspecies of Hungarian - grows up to 6 m in height. One of the longest-livers among plums: with proper care, it will grow and bear fruit for more than 30 years.

The crown is wide, pyramidal in shape. The variety is late-ripening, the fruits ripen in mid-September, are well stored and transported. The fruits are one of the smallest in Hungarians - only about 20 g. But the yield when creating optimal conditions for growth and development of the tree is simply fantastic - up to 1.5 centners of plums from an adult tree. Fruits are dark purple in color, completely covered with a bluish-white bloom. The pulp is juicy, sweet and sour.

Of the shortcomings, gardeners note a relatively low frost resistance, a long period from planting to the beginning of fruiting - 7-8 years. But its most significant drawback is that ripe fruits crack strongly if the crop falls under rainy weather.

Care

To get a good harvest of Hungarian fruits every year, you need to plant it correctly. For planting, you need to choose the southern or western part of the garden, well lit by the sun and protected from cold northern winds. It is better to plant on small elevations - lowlands, with their constant fogs and an accumulation of rain and melt water, Hungarian does not like.

Plum should be planted on soil with a neutral acidity index. It is also important that the groundwater does not approach the soil surface closer than 0.5 m. The seedling should be with intact fresh (not overdried) roots and undamaged bark.

Above the pit for planting the Hungarian you will have to work a little: it must be at least 0.7 m in diameter and 0.6 m in depth. For planting, it is better to use a soil mixture consisting of the upper fertile layer of soil and humus, mixed in a 1: 1 ratio. It is better not to use the soil from the bottom of the pit for planting. To increase yields, it is better to plant 2-3 varieties of plums next to each other with the same flowering period.

There are no special differences in caring for the growing trees of the Hungarian. In late March - early April, pruning is performed, during which branches damaged by frost are removed, and a crown is also formed.

In April, top dressing is carried out, if necessary, frost protection. In May, root shoots are removed, as well as watering - 60-80 liters of water per adult tree. To make life easier for yourself in the summer and less fight with weeds, after watering, the trunk circle can be covered with mulch.

In the summer, care is reduced to regular watering. After harvesting, the Vengerian plum trees must be properly prepared for wintering. During this period, the last top dressing is carried out, the soil is loosened in the near-stem circle, the bark is examined and, if necessary, its damaged areas are closed up with garden pitch.

The Hungarian feeding system includes:

1. Application of organic fertilizers every 3 years.
2. Application of mineral fertilizers every 1 - 2 years.

When applying mineral fertilizers for feeding, they are usually separated in time. In spring, plums are fed with nitrogen fertilizers, in autumn - with phosphorus-potassium fertilizers.

To get a good harvest of plums, when caring for Hungarian, it is important not to overdo it, but also not to miss the watering. It is necessary that the soil does not dry out at a depth of 35-40 cm. Depending on weather conditions, the number of irrigations can vary from 2 to 5.

To protect the trunks of small seedlings from frost, they are wrapped in old bags or rags in late autumn.

Hungarian plums are welcome guests in any garden.Give her a good place and take care of a small sapling, and after a few years, Hungarian will certainly delight you with her incredibly tasty and sweet fruits.