The best plum varieties for siberia

In the northern regions, where the harsh climate makes its own adjustments, it is not easy to grow a fruit tree. However, it is quite possible. In today's article, you will learn how to choose the right plum tree and how to care for a plum tree in Siberia.

We take into account climatic conditions

Planting and caring for plums in Siberia, of course, differ from similar agrotechnical processes in other regions, and are completely focused on unfavorable climatic conditions. Growing any fruit tree, including plums, is especially difficult in snowy areas.

In the Altai Territory and Omsk Region, where winters are moderately snowy and summers quite warm, conditions are more favorable than in Tomsk and Kemerovo regions and Novosibirsk with cold snowy winters and mild summers.

To date, many frost-resistant varieties of this crop have been bred, which are suitable for Siberia. They perfectly tolerate low temperatures, but such problems are possible:

• wind-drying of unripe annual shoots;
• sharp jumps in temperature - cold snap after thaws. The tree comes out of its dormant period and the buds begin to swell. Therefore, their partial or complete freezing is possible. This means that you need to choose varieties with a long dormant period and weakly awakened buds;
• the tissues and organs of the plum suffer from damping-off: the dying off of the bark and cambium of the lower part of the trunk and skeletal branches due to the absence of frost and a thick layer of snow. It is impossible to prevent damping by snow removal, the roots may freeze. The only way out is to freeze the soil in the trunk circle;
• freezing of the upper part of the tree.

Considering all of the above, steppe regions and separate microzones with a small amount of snow are better suited for growing plums.

Choosing frost-resistant varieties

Care must be taken when choosing a crop variety for a region with cold, snowy winters. The best option are frost-resistant self-fertile varieties of plums for Siberia (frost-resistant varieties Renklod and Vengerka) or hybrid forms (plum Alaya Zarya, Medovaya, Rubin).

We present a brief description of the main cultural groups that take root well in the Siberian region:

• plum Ussuri. Varieties Altayskaya Yubileinaya, Bordovaya, Oyuna, Zaryanka, Yellow Hopty. Frost-resistant, damp-proof, early-growing varieties. The fruit has excellent taste characteristics, but is poorly transported. The yield is average, possibly affecting stone fruit diseases;
• Canadian and American semi-dwarf plum varieties. The level of frost resistance is average, but they tolerate drought well, fast-growing, universal fruits;
• plum varieties for the southern regions of Siberia - Kargazin varieties (Rumyanaya, Kulundinskaya). Not resistant to damping, but cold-resistant and drought-resistant plums, with tasty aromatic fruits. The yield is average, fruiting is periodic;
• Russian plum or cherry plum. A hybrid form that tolerates cold, heat, temperature extremes equally well, adapts and recovers perfectly.The fruits are small, do not store for a long time, but they have an excellent taste. Varieties: Northern dessert, Honey, Scarlet dawn, Rainbow;
• for the Urals, it is recommended to choose varieties specially bred for the region: Pride of the Urals and Pearl of the Urals. For snowy regions, Buryat varieties are suitable: Stranger, Nakhodka, Daughter of Buryatia.

Planting the tree correctly

Growing plums in Siberia is not difficult, but laborious. An amateur will also cope with it if he follows certain rules. Before planting a tree, you need to decide on the site that is most suitable for the culture. It is recommended to choose a well-lit space, protected from wind and drafts. The soil is preferably loose, enriched with organic matter, sandy or sandy loam.

The time for planting is chosen based on the duration and the beginning of the cold season in the region. Early spring or autumn is ideal. The distance between the seedlings depends on the characteristics of the tree planted by the variety: for tall ones with a spreading volumetric crown at least 4 m, for smaller plums - from 1.5 to 2.5 m.If the plum does not belong to the self-fertile varieties, it is necessary to plant nearby pollination of the variety.

The hole should be so wide and deep that the root system of the seedling is not damaged, and the roots can be freely distributed. It is necessary to make a complex top dressing consisting of manure and potassium-phosphorus fertilizers. Depending on the type of soil, sand, lime, wood ash are added variably. Fertilizers are covered with earth and sprinkled with soil. Sometimes the planting is replaced by a vaccination.

Young cuttings are grafted onto strong healthy stocks. If the stalk has successfully taken root, such a tree has a better chance of surviving in a harsh winter.

The golden rule of leaving

There is one agrotechnical procedure that distinguishes plum care in Siberia from similar in other regions. We are talking about freezing the soil in order to prevent the bark of the trunk and skeletal branches from drying out. For this, the snow in the zone of the near-trunk circle is not removed, but, on the contrary, is compacted. Large empty barrels are also placed around the barrel. Naturally, trees need root growth and regular pruning.

In early spring, sanitary pruning of damaged branches is carried out, at the beginning of summer, the crown is formed and thinned. To make the trees recover faster, the cuts are lubricated with garden pitch, and the plums are fed with complex fertilizers. Do not forget about regular watering, because not all frost-resistant varieties tolerate drought well.

For old plants, rejuvenating pruning is carried out, which promotes the formation of young shoots. Care includes preventive measures to prevent stone fruit diseases and pest infestations. For this, trees are treated with insecticides and fungicides several times a year.

Getting ready for winter

In order for the plum to grow and develop in Siberia, it must be carefully looked after. Preparing for winter is a process that cannot be ruled out. Since mainly varieties with a high degree of frost resistance are planted, they do not need to be covered, there will be enough snow. Such plums are fed and watered abundantly for the winter. Fruit that are grown in less snowy areas need shelter. To avoid drying out, it is recommended to use special agrofibre or spruce branches.

Video "How to grow plums"

This video will show you how to properly grow a plum tree in your garden.

For several years in a row, plums have been freezing in our garden (Hungarian and thorny plums were planted). So, from our own experience, we were convinced that these trees do not always survive in the harsh Siberian winters. Tell me what varieties of plums can be grown in Siberia?

Despite the fact that the plum is, in general, quite winter-hardy, the Siberian climate with its frosts and abundant precipitation in the form of snow does not tolerate most of its species.Here gardeners will have to select special varieties that have a number of advantages over plums grown in the European part.

Plum varieties for Siberia should not only have increased winter hardiness, but also resistance to a sharp temperature drop in early spring, as well as damping and freezing as a result of abundant snow cover. In addition, they must be able to withstand strong winds in low temperature conditions.

The best types of plums for growing in Siberian climates are:

• varieties of the Ussuri plum;
• cherry-plum hybrids.

Features of the Ussuri plum

The species of the Ussuri plum have increased winter hardiness and easily tolerate frosts down to -44 degrees, but this is possible only with a sufficient level of moisture. In the event of drought, the resistance of trees to freezing is significantly reduced, the taste and quantitative characteristics of the fruits deteriorate, and sometimes the ovary even completely falls off. With a sufficient amount of moisture, they bear fruit abundantly from 3 years of age. Also resistant to damping.

Since most varieties are characterized by early flowering, flower buds can be damaged by severe return frosts (if the air temperature drops below 3 degrees below zero), which should be taken into account when growing plums in regions with late spring.

From the Ussuri plums, the following varieties tolerate Siberian winters well:

• Altai anniversary;
• Yellow Hopty;
• Pyramidal;
• Dawn of Altai;
• Red-cheeked.

Features of cherry-plum hybrids

Hybrids of plum and sand cherry are compact in size, their bush height does not exceed 2 m, due to which in winter most of the crown is protected from frost by snow.

Flowering in hybrids occurs a week later than in the Ussuri plum, which also contributes to the preservation of the future harvest, although flower buds already have increased winter hardiness. Plums begin to bear fruit from the second year of life; in most varieties, the fruits are dark in color and ripen at the end of summer.

The most winter-hardy are domestic breeding hybrids. As for American varieties, the aerial part of them often freezes out, but it quickly recovers.

Most often, such hybrid varieties are grown in Siberia:

• Bee;
• Chulym;
• Amateur;
• Admiral Schlei;
• Mainor.

Cultivation of the Ussuri plum - video

Plum is a delicious and very sweet fruit that is grown in many regions of Russia. Since ancient times, it has been valued for its excellent qualities. And how can you not like her?

This fruit has good taste and useful qualities (you can read more about the properties of the plum here). You can make compotes, jams from plums, just eat them fresh. And how tasty is dried plum!

If you suddenly decide to plant it in your summer cottage, then first read the reviews about this or that variety. It will also be important to pay attention to the climate. Many people think that the cultivation of plums in the Urals or Siberia does not always bring results. However, it is not.

Although it is considered a heat-loving plant, there are varieties that tolerate harsh Siberian winters very well. Let's look at which varieties are suitable for this particular area and how to properly grow this crop.

Recommended varieties

Before you start planting a plum, it is still worthwhile to familiarize yourself in advance with the characteristics of the varieties that are offered on the modern stone fruit market.

It is important: not every plum variety is suitable for the regions of Siberia and the Urals. Be sure to look in the description for what regions and climate this variety is most suitable for when choosing.

So, let's consider the best varieties of plums for growing in the Urals and Siberia:

• Altai anniversary... This variety is widespread from the West to the East of Siberia, and can also be found in the Ural region. It is also widely distributed in the territory of Northern Kazakhstan. It is considered early in terms of ripening rate.The full ripeness of the fruits already begins in mid-August. Ripe fruits are small and round. The average weight of one berry is about 15 grams. The color of a ripe berry is usually yellow-orange, covered with a pale pink blush. The skin of the fruit is thin and coated with a bloom of white wax. Inside, the fruit is yellow-orange. The pulp is tender and very soft.

  The taste is pleasant, aromatic, sweet with a sour aftertaste. The bone is large inside and easily lags behind the inside. The trees are of medium height. The crown is rounded. The tree does not have too many branches, so the crown is of medium density. The color of the bark is gray-brown. The tree begins to bear fruit in 3-4 years of life after planting;

• Peresvet... This variety is widespread in gardens in the Altai Territory and in the southern region of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. For the first time this variety was bred in the N.I. M.A. Lisavenko in the forest-steppe zone in the Altai Territory. The variety is early ripe, the first ripe berries appear in the first half of August. Ripe berry has a rounded, slightly angular appearance. The average weight is 13-14 grams. The color of the berry is orange, with reddish spots of a marbled appearance. The peel has almost imperceptible light subcutaneous dots, which have a moderately pronounced wax coating. The structure of the peel is not coarse, thin. Fruit transportability is not very good. The inside of the berries is soft with good juiciness. The color of the pulp is bright yellowish with an orange tint.

  
  It tastes sour with a sweetish aftertaste. In the inner part of the fruit there is an oval-type bone with a smooth structure. It lags behind the pulp quite easily. The trees are of medium height. The shape of the crown is raised, back pyramidal and compressed. The color of the branches is gray with a brown tint. In appearance, the shoots are straight or slightly curved with many small lentils. I begin to bear fruit about 3-4 years after planting;

• Chemalskaya... The variety is widespread throughout the territory from Western to Eastern Siberia and the Urals. It tolerates winter frosts and spring frosts and gives a good harvest. This self-fertile plum belongs to the late varieties. Full-ripe fruits begin to appear in the third decade of August. A ripe berry is about 25 mm long and almost 30 mm in diameter. The average fruit weight is at least 15 grams. The berries are rounded-angular in shape and have a deep funnel, which is divided by a furrow. The color of the fruit is dark red with a bloom of blue wax that covers the entire surface of the berry.

  There are small dots under the skin. The structure of the skin is rough and dense. The color of the pulp is yellow-green. Good taste. It tastes sour with a sweetish aftertaste. Besides, it has good juiciness and pleasant aroma. Trees of medium height. There are bouquet twigs on the crown. Shoots are straight with a thin and bare structure. The color of the shoots is brown, they have a large number of lentils. Trees begin to bear fruit after 3-4 years of life after planting;

• Chemal's gift... It is a self-fertile plum with an early ripening period. Ripe fruits appear in the second half of August. Produces a good, stable harvest. Tolerate severe frosts in winter and frosts in spring. A ripe berry has the shape of a ball about 30 mm. The average weight is almost 12 grams. Berry with a deep funnel and an almost imperceptible seam. The peel is orange in color with a light pink blush. Fruits have dark red subcutaneous spots and wax bloom. The structure of the pulp is dense, slightly loose. It is yellow in color with a greenish tint.

  
  Good taste. The taste is slightly sour with a sweet aftertaste and pleasant aroma. Inside the pulp there is a roundly elongated middle pit that separates well from the pulp. The trees are of medium height. Their crown is not very dense with a flat rounded shape with branches in the form of bouquets. The structure of the branches is smooth.They are brown in color with olive tint, in the upper part they have a reddish tint. Fruiting of trees begins after 3 years of life after planting;

• The pride of the Urals... Self-fertile plum, which is common in Western and Eastern Siberia and the Urals. Refers to frost-resistant varieties. It tolerates severe frosts in winter and frosts in spring. Produces a good harvest. It does not bear fruit every year. Usually rests after 2-3 years. This is an early ripe variety, full ripe fruits appear in early August. Fruiting is regular. The fruits are oval in shape and medium in size. The mass of one berry can reach almost 40 grams. The color of the berry is dark red with a blue tint. On the surface of the peel there is a small, light bloom of wax.

  
  Inside, the pulp has a yellowish tint. The structure of the pulp is loose and dense enough. It tastes sweet with a slightly sour aftertaste. Possesses good juiciness, softness and pleasant aroma. Fruiting of trees occurs approximately 3-4 years after planting in the ground;

• Pearl of the Urals... It is a self-fertile plum. Refers to frost-resistant varieties. It tolerates severe frosts and spring frosts. Has a fairly early ripening. Fruit ripeness begins in the first half of August. A ripe berry weighs almost 25 grams. It is round in shape with a medium depression at the stalk. The color of the surface of the peel is green with a bluish tinge. The color is evenly distributed over the entire surface, there are weakly pronounced spots. The color of the pulp is pale yellow with an orange tint. The structure of the pulp is quite dense.

  
  Good taste. The taste is sweet, juicy, with a slight sour aftertaste. Has a pleasant aroma. Inside there is a small oval bone, poorly separated from the pulp.
  The trees are medium-sized. The crown has an average density. Young shoots have an anthocyanin coloration, with many lentils. Fruiting of trees begins at the 4th year of life after planting in the ground.

Growing

Remember that the entire success of planting, further cultivation and obtaining a good harvest directly depends on the choice of a place for planting, proper planting and further care of the plant.

Requirements for soil and planting site

First you need to choose a suitable landing site. Follow the guidelines:

1. It should be borne in mind that this plant is capricious and very finicky. It will bear fruit only in areas with good wind protection.
2. The most suitable option would be gentle slopes on the south, southwest and west sides.
3. It is advisable to plant seedlings in well-heated areas, in places where there is good aeration.
4. If you decide to choose a low-lying place for planting plums, then it is advisable to make a small artificial embankment there. The height of the hills should be about 40-50 cm, and the size of the base is almost 2 meters.
5. You should also take into account the composition of the soil. Remember that the plum loves the soil of the gray forest, loamy and black earth types. In addition, they must have a good level of moisture and air permeability.

Landing

Planting pit preparation

It is best to land in the spring. Since the climate in Siberia and the Urals is cool, the planted seedlings in the fall may not have time to take root and simply freeze out. The optimal period for disembarkation is the third decade of April.

You should also pay attention to the soil, it should thaw and warm up well. Pits should be prepared already at the beginning of spring, about 2-3 weeks before planting.

The depth level of the pit should be almost 60 cm, the size of the diameter should be about 60-70 cm. It is advisable to remove the soil from it and mix it with humus in proportions of 2 to 1. In addition, you can also put some complex-type fertilizers there. After that, the earth is poured back into the depression.

Just before planting, the hole is dug again and the ground is well plowed.Then the seedling must be placed in a hole, while the root collar should be 5-6 cm above the surface of the earth, and sprinkle with a small amount of earth. At first, the seedling should be tied to a special wooden peg until the root system is completely strengthened.

Care

Pruning plum

The rules for caring for plums are as follows:

1. As soon as the seedling is planted, it must be watered abundantly. About one seedling will require about 30 liters of water. Then it needs to be mulched abundantly. In the next season, the plum is watered about 3-4 times. The first watering is carried out in mid-May, the second - after the end of flowering during the intensive development of the fruits, the third - during the ripening period, the fourth - during the late autumn.
2. It is also worth paying great attention to feeding. It is necessary to start feeding trees with fertilizers in the third year of their life. For fertilization, a mixture of humus or compost of about 7 kilograms and 200 grams of wood ash per 1 sq. meter of earth. During an active growing season, mineral fertilizing of a complex type should be applied. Nitrogen mixtures should be applied in the form of solutions. Phosphorus, potash, mixtures that have a dry and poorly soluble structure, it is desirable to add to the soil in the fall.
3. Pruning of plums should be done in spring, when active sap flow has not yet begun. The process starts at the seedling stage. Young seedlings begin to actively grow branches and therefore during this period it is possible to form the correct shape of the plum crown. Also, taking into account the feedback from experienced gardeners, it is recommended to remove the shoots that are actively growing from the root system. It can affect the further growth and yield of the plum.
4. In the spring, the trunks should be whitewashed, this will protect against the defeat of all kinds of pests. Also nearby you can install protective equipment against rodents and mice.

If you decide to plant a plum on your site, then be sure to check out all the varieties intended for cultivation in this region. Also pay attention to the climate: many varieties are very moody and can grow poorly in areas with cold and harsh climates.

Be sure to follow the rules for planting and caring for the plum. Its further growth and harvest will depend on this. I wish you success!

See overview video about growing plums in Siberia and the Urals:

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Plum has always been considered the most whimsical tree for the garden. But today many varieties have been bred that allow it to be successfully grown even in the coldest corners of the country.

Let's take a closer look at the most popular new products and old proven varieties of the best plums.

Description and characteristics of the best self-pollinated varieties of plums

Self-pollinated varieties have long won the recognition of gardeners. For a good harvest, one tree is enough, which cannot but rejoice in the presence of a small area. According to summer residents, from self-fertile varieties, you should pay attention to the following varieties:

• "Bogatyrskaya";

• "Viola";

• "Memory of Timiryazev".

Plum variety "Bogatyrskaya" considered one of the most fruitful among self-fertile varieties. The tree bears fruit early, within five years after planting, at least three buckets of plums can be collected. The yield increases gradually, reaching up to 60 kg per tree. An adult tree produces at least 80 kg of fruit. The fruits are large, elongated, dark purple in color, sweet and sour. They tolerate transportation well. The massive harvest takes place in the second half of August. The tree is vigorous, withstands frosts, is resistant to major diseases, which is good for the climate of the middle zone.

Of the blue plums, you can distinguish variety "Viola"... The tree will delight you with fruits in three years, on average, you can collect up to three buckets of harvest. Plums are of medium size, sweet and sour, quite juicy. The variety is medium-sized, frost-resistant, rarely affected by diseases and pests. The fruits tolerate transportation well. Plum is grown in the middle lane. In dry summers, problems arise with cultivation, the ovaries crumble, the fruits become smaller.

Proven is considered no less productive grade "Memory of Timiryazev"... The tree can withstand a drop in temperature to -30 ° C, at lower rates, buds suffer, and yield decreases. Plum fruits appear in the fourth year of cultivation. The average yield of a young tree is from 10 kg, with age it increases to three buckets. The fruits are medium in size, yellow, with a characteristic reddish blush. The pulp is dense, juicy, well separable, sweet and sour taste. The variety is zoned for central Russia.

The best yielding varieties of plums for a summer cottage

When laying a garden, you should take a closer look at the fruitful varieties that consistently bear fruit, despite the vagaries of the weather. Of these, gardeners identified several of the most promising:

• "Morning";

• "Interesting";

• Valor.

Variety "Morning" gives good yields, is planted as a pollinator for many self-fertile plums. The variety is early maturing, the mass harvest begins in early August. At least a bucket of plums is harvested from a young tree; with age, the yield increases to 25 kg. Fruits are yellowish-green in color with a characteristic bloom, juicy, tasty and aromatic. The stone is small, the plum peels well. The tree is undersized, begins to bear fruit after 4 years of cultivation, it has good immunity. The frost resistance is average, the buds often freeze, but the plum quickly recovers. The variety is recommended for cultivation in the Central region.

Plum "Amusing" - a relatively new hybrid for the Central and Middle Lane. The variety is self-fertile, planted next to pollinators. The yield reaches three buckets. Fruits are yellow-green, round, sourness is present in the taste. The color of ripe fruits may change, becoming more orange.

Of late-ripening varieties, it stands out plum "Valor"... The tree is self-fertile and needs pollinators. A variety for industrial use, bears fruit steadily, yields at least 30 kg of fruit. The plum is large, maroon, with a characteristic waxy bloom. The pulp is pale yellow, juicy and sweet. The bone is well separable. A multipurpose variety, mass harvesting begins in the first decade of September.

What frost-resistant varieties of plums are best planted in the Moscow region and central Russia

In the conditions of the middle lane, it is worth taking a closer look at varieties that are highly resistant to diseases and resist the vagaries of the weather well. These include plums:

• "Fast-growing";

• "Red ball";

• "Yakhontovaya".

Plum "Early" considered the best for the Moscow region and the central strip. The variety is completely self-fertile, bears fruit stably, high yields. The first plums appear in the third year of cultivation; with age, the yield reaches 30 kg per tree. Plums are yellow-red with sweet pulp, large, well transported. The tree is early maturing, harvesting occurs at the beginning of August. Frost resistance up to - 40 ° С, good immunity.

Variety "Red ball" partially self-fertile, productivity increases with pollinators. The first fruiting occurs in the third year of growing the seedling. On average, 18-20 kg are harvested from a tree. Fruits are large, red, with yellow juicy pulp, sweet. The variety is resistant to major diseases.

Frost resistant and early ripe grade "Yakhontovaya" will delight with the harvest in three years. The tree is vigorous, partially self-pollinated, tolerates temperatures down to -30 ° C well. Fruits are yellow with a characteristic bloom, sweet and sour in taste, large, ripen in the second decade of August.At least 30 kg are harvested from one tree.

The best frost-resistant varieties of plums for Siberia and the Urals

In the Siberian climate, plums are rarely grown. Preference is given to seedlings grafted onto the most cold-resistant crop - the Ussuri plum, which easily tolerates frosts down to -50 ° C. The most productive varieties are considered:

• "Uvelskaya";

• "Yellow Hopty";

• "Pioneer".

Variety "Uvelskaya" is self-fertile, hardy and fruitful. The tree is resistant to diseases and pests. Fruits are medium in size, dark red in color, elongated, sweet with some sourness. Fruiting begins in the fourth year of cultivation and is harvested in the first half of August. Plums are suitable for conservation, processing and summer consumption.

Variety "Yellow Hopty" yields at least 30 kg of plums annually. The tree is medium-sized, frost-resistant, partially self-fertile. Fruits for universal use, ripen by the end of summer, large, bright yellow with a characteristic blush. The taste is sweet and sour, the pulp is juicy. The first harvest is formed four years later.

It is considered very hardy grade "Pionerka"... Medium-ripening tree, partially self-fertile, high-yielding. Fruits are deep red in color with a waxy coating, medium in size. The pulp is juicy, tasty, honey-colored, the stone is easily separated. The average yield is from two to three buckets, up to 40 kg of fruits are removed from the tree as much as possible. Mass harvesting of fruits occurs in the first decade of August.