The best red grapes

Like all other types of grapes, reds have their own uses, characteristics and a wide variety of varieties. This group is widely used in winemaking, cognac production, as well as expensive juices. The best red grape varieties and their characteristics will be described later in the article.

The use of red grape varieties

Red grapes do not necessarily have red skins. This type includes a certain group of grape varieties that are used to make famous (classic) red wines. Juices are also made from them, often used in the production of cognac, liqueurs and similar alcoholic beverages. At the same time, they are usually not used fresh, since most of these varieties are of the technical type.

Red grape wine

Interestingly, red grapes are used in the production of not only red, but also white wine. The rich color of these varieties will not interfere if:

• remove the peel from the wort a few hours after fermentation;
• after fermentation and purification, immediately pour the wine into bottles;
• press the berries without crushing them first;
• harvest immediately after ripening, until the pulp has time to color from the rind;
• control the temperature regime at all phases of production.

This is how the best white wines are made from red grapes in Champagne.But not every production facility has the capabilities and equipment necessary for all this, therefore, most often red varieties are used to make rich red sweet and dry wines.

The best French grape varieties

The most famous red grapes are grown all over the world. France is one of the few countries where red grape varieties have been created, used from ancient times to the present to make the best red wines. Description of French red grape varieties:

Merlot grapes

• Cabernet Sauvignon belongs to the noble grapes. It is the most famous red variety in the world, as an expensive and tasty red wine is named after it. Created in the 17th century in France, namely in the province of Bordeaux. The bushes are medium-sized, the clusters are cylindrical-conical, not friable. The grapes are spherical, medium in size, almost black. The rind is dense, the flesh is very juicy. The taste is sweet and sour. 6-8 t / ha are harvested from plantations annually. There is resistance to decay.
• Merlot is sometimes referred to as Picard and Langon. This is the second most important and widespread type of red grape. Has an increased and annual yield. It is resistant to decay, mildew, but is often affected by powdery mildew. Moderately susceptible to drought and frost. The bunches are conical, up to 150 g, the berries are round, black.
• Cabernet Franc is a red grape variety that is widespread throughout the world and is one of the twenty most popular varieties in the world. Grown in France since the 17th century. Early-late ripening, 145 days are required to full ripeness. The bushes are powerful, the leaves are large. The clusters are medium in size, elongated, medium friable. The berries are spherical, black in color with a bloom. Productivity - 35-50 c / ha.
• "Carmenere" is an old variety that was obtained many years ago in Bordeaux. Also known as Grande Vidure. Average ripening period. Bushes are large, grow quickly with small bunches of grapes. The berries are small, globular, blue-black in color. The taste is juicy, rich, herbal, which is always reflected in the wine. The main disadvantages are the ovaries crumble, the variety is afraid of drafts, heavy soil.
• Syrah is a noble grape variety belonging to the red group. Bred in France (Rhone Valley). It has an average ripening period. The bushes are large, medium-sized leaves, rounded, three or five-lobed. The clusters are small, elongated, not loose. Berries of medium weight, elongated, black color. The yield is small, but stable. There is moderate resistance to fungal diseases.

Italian and Spanish red grapes

Red grape varieties native to Italy and Spain are in no less demand than French ones. Some of them are considered unique and the best for making fine wines, which explains their widespread use. Description of Italian and Spanish red grapes:

Spanish grape variety "Montepulciano"

• Nebbiolo is the basis for the production of fine fine wines. The homeland of the variety is Italy (Piedmont), where it has been cultivated since the XIV century. Its berries have a rich, maroon color with a bloom. This is a capricious variety. It is difficult to grow as it is sensitive to soil, climate, and vineyard location. But if you follow all the growing conditions, the grapes will pay off the effort. During cultivation, it can be completely unpredictable. It is believed that wines made from it, even using the same technology, can differ significantly in shades of taste.
• Montepulciano is an Italian red grape variety. It is grown throughout the country, although the best yields are in the southern regions. It has massive bushes on which medium-sized bunches of grapes ripen, conical or cylindrical in shape. Density is high or medium. The berries are not very large, oval, almost black. The yield depends on the region of cultivation.The variety is resistant to frost, rot, but is afraid of oidium and mildew. Dry wine is made from it.
• Tempranillo is a red grape native to Spain. Locals call him Tinto Fino. And in Portugal it is called Tinta Roriz. It is used for making wines or mixing port and juice. Ripening later, the leaves are large, have a deep dissection. Berries of medium weight, spherical, black with a thin bloom. The rind is thin but firm. Afraid of frost, gray rot.

What other red grape varieties are known?

What are the other best red grapes known? Popular varieties from other countries, grown all over the world, are described below.

Croatian red grape variety "Zinfandel"

• Pinot Noir is one of the oldest grape varieties. And although today Burgundy is considered its homeland, it was cultivated in ancient Rome, and in the XIV century they made excellent Burgundy wine from it. Refers to capricious varieties. Ripening occurs in 141-151 days. The bunch is small, up to 12 cm long, cylindrical in shape, weighing up to 120 g. Berries are medium-sized, dark blue with a bluish bloom. The skin is thin, strong, the pulp is tender, with a high content of juice. Productivity up to 103 kg / ha. Resistant to most fungal diseases. Afraid of recurrent spring frosts.
• Zinfandel is a Croatian red grape that is widely used in America. It is from it that the famous Californian wines are made for the most part. He has large, vigorous bushes, clusters of medium size, dense. The berries are small, round, dark purple. Interesting in that the sugar in berries can be up to 30%! High-yielding, unpretentious, grows in different soils and climates. The main drawback is the tendency to peas, it can be affected by rot.
• Pinotage is a South African variety. It grows best in the hot climate of South Africa. It was created in 1925, but during its existence it has already gained immense popularity. It has an average resistance to frost and disease. These grapes are used to make complex red wines with rich fruity and spicy aromas.

Among the wide variety of grape varieties, it is sometimes very difficult to choose the most suitable one, which would be perfectly acclimatized in certain latitudes, and also have excellent taste. Let's try to figure out which plant variety is right for you.

Red grape varieties

Red grapes are divided into table and technical. The first type is suitable for raw consumption, while the second option is mainly used for making wines.

Also, plants are divided into early ripening, late ripening and mid-ripening.

Cabernet Sauvignon

This technical variety was developed in the 17th century in France, in the province of Bordeaux. The wines from this grape have delicate properties, the color of the drink is ruby.

Merlot

Has no less popularity than Cabernet Sauvillon. This grape was also bred in France. The main difference between wines is softness without astringency. Unlike the above-described grapes, the drink made from this berry is quick-ripening.

Pinot Noir

This variety is one of the oldest, as it appeared in the 14th century in Italy. It is from this grape that the famous Burgundy wines are made, which are distinguished by their strength and acidity. Growing Pinot Noir is very difficult and not possible in all climates.

Sira or Shiraz

First grown in France, this grape is today native to Italy, Austria, South America, Africa and the United States. The wines from Syrah are characterized by a dark shade and increased strength.

Tempranillo or Tonto Fino

World famous Spanish variety. Alcoholic drinks are distinguished by dark colors and velvety taste with chocolate and berry flavor. Such wines have a long shelf life, and their taste manifests itself over time.

Nebbiolo

The variety was developed in the 14th century in Italy. Mainly used to create delicate dessert wines.Grapes are picky about soil, climate and humidity. The wine is characterized by a tart taste, cherry aroma with notes of violets and black liquorice.

Pinotage

Wine from this technical variety is distinguished by astringency, fruity flavor, velvety and depth of taste. It is used for the preparation of dessert, sparkling and spirits, as well as port.

Malbec

First grown in Argentina. The variety itself is not particularly suitable for winemaking, but this grape perfectly complements the taste of wine from other varieties. This is why it is so often mixed with some technical varieties.

It is also worth highlighting such technical grape varieties as Zinfandel and Carmenere.

ZinfandelCarmenere

Table grape varieties

Unlike wine varieties, table plants are not suitable for making wines by their properties.

The early varieties of grapes for consumption are as follows.

Delight red

The berry is large, the bunches grow up to 700 grams. The peel of the plant is thin, the berries are sweet, fleshy. The bushes are of medium height, and the percentage of fruitful shoots is about 60%. On average, 15 clusters ripen on one vine. Plus the variety - it is resistant to disease.

Red kishmish

This variety is a hybrid. The berries are sweet and quite large in size. The weight of one bunch can exceed 600 g. The grapes are characterized by a special nutmeg taste. The variety perfectly withstands frost, so no shelter is needed.

Kokur red

It features tall bushes and a large annual harvest. One bunch reaches 200 g. The berries are not as fleshy as in previous varieties, but rather large. In total, there are about 70% of the fruitful lashes. Grows well in the middle latitudes of Russia and the north of Ukraine.

It is also worth highlighting such early varieties:

• Codryanka;
• Sofia;
• Laura;
• Transformation;
• Arcadia;
• Aleshenkin;
• Anniversary;
• Libya;
• Augustine;
• Victor;
• Timur;
• Veles;
• Victoria;
• Monarch.

There are also super-early varieties, for example, Crystal, which bears fruit already on day 115, Magarach (does not tolerate frost at all), Jupiter and Cardinal. On the 125th day, the Ladysh variety bears fruit.

The best grape varieties for wine

A good wine can be made from many varieties of grapes, but a truly divine drink is obtained only from the berries of the next plant.

Chardonnay variety

Depending on the technology of preparation, the drink can have a different taste, for example, light with a delicate aroma of flowers or sugary with a honey flavor. Experienced winemakers claim that this variety will not make bad wine.

This grape belongs to the early varieties, so you can get the first harvest after 140 days. It is also worth considering the resistance of grapes to external adverse factors.

Bianca grape variety

This white variety originated in Hungary. It is used to prepare wines, ranging from semi-sweet desserts to dry ones. In addition, cognac alcohol and grape vodka are made from such grapes.

Bianca is an early variety, very soft and juicy.

Variety Regent

This grape, originally from Germany, has a dark purple color. Differs in juiciness and productivity.

Saperavi grape variety

This variety is late, the berries are characterized by a dark blue color with a waxy bloom and juiciness. The wine is obtained with some rough taste, there are aromas of dried fruits and raspberries with a long aging (more than five years).

Piano Noir, which is described above, is also perfect for wine.

Medium grape varieties

• Kishmish Radiant: has pinkish fruits of normal or large size, the bunch reaches 40 cm, but usually is 20-25 cm long. The weight of one bunch is up to 600 g. The variety is not able to withstand severe winters and is not resistant to diseases.
• Kesha: fruits ripen in 130 days, the bush has a high yield. The grapes are weighty (about 12 grams), and the weight of the bunch can reach 1 kg.The variety is able to withstand cold temperatures up to 23 ° C, as well as to carry some diseases.
• Gift to Zaporizhzhia: also differs in the average period of fruit formation. The weight of the brush reaches 900 g, the berry is sweet, green.
• Nadezhda AZOS: ripens at the end of August, does not differ in sweetness, color - indigo. The weight of one bunch is up to 600 g.
• Great: differs in oblongness and decent weight of berries (about 15 g). Color - black garnet. More than 10 kg can be harvested from a bush. The variety is well resistant to diseases, which cannot be said about frost.
• Lydia: is a technical grade. Does not differ in weighty berries or large clusters. Lydia is pinkish-red in color. 120 kg of berries can be harvested from a hundred square meters of a vineyard.
• Original: one of the most productive varieties. The fruits ripen in 115 days. The bunch is solid - up to 700 g. Color - pink-amber. The berries are sweet, have a decent weight. "Original" is not resistant to diseases.
• Mascot: This grape is able to survive both cold and disease. It takes 137 days to ripen. The variety has problems with self-pollination, so an additional one will not interfere. It does not differ in large clusters, but the weight of an individual berry reaches 16 grams.
• Senator: characterized by a large bunch, which reaches 728 g. Berries are dark red, up to 12 grams, quite fleshy. The variety tolerates winters well, but is not extremely disease resistant.
• Amurskiy: technical variety with medium dark blue grapes. It tolerates frosts down to -33 ° C, and is not resistant to diseases.
• Rizamat: great for making raisins and eating raw. The bunches are large enough, the size of the grapes can reach 14 grams. The variety does not tolerate frost and diseases.
• Lowland: is a dessert grape. The bunch reaches 720 grams, and one berry - 12 g. It tolerates cold up to -24 ° C, and is also able to fight diseases.
• Chocolate: suitable for raw consumption, matures in 135 days. The weight of the bunch reaches 1.2 kg, which is a pretty decent figure. The variety is resistant to frost and disease.
• Strashensky: a dessert variety that is not able to fight possible diseases. However, it is distinguished by its decent size: the mass of a bunch can be more than one and a half kilograms. Good winter hardiness (tolerates frosts down to -24 ° C).
• Ataman: also differs in the size of the bunch (up to 1200 g), as well as berries (up to 16 g). The variety tolerates frosts well, which cannot be said about diseases.
• Alpha: technical grapes. The weight of the hand is one and a half kilograms. It perfectly tolerates diseases and frosts.
• Citron Magaracha: this variety cannot boast of a large weight (the bunch is no more than 500 grams), but it is resistant to external factors, including diseases.
• Autonius the Great: the weight is quite impressive - up to 1300 grams. The weight of one berry varies up to 12 grams. Little information is available regarding cold tolerance and disease.
• Bogatyanovsky: ripens at the end of August. Brushes reach 1200 g, and grapes - 12 grams. Able to tolerate frosts down to -23 ° C, but still requires shelter. Also, the variety is resistant to decay.
• Levokumsky: a technical grape that ripens for 133 days. The bunch is relatively small - up to 200 grams. Differs in resistance to frost and disease.
• Lancelot: has huge clusters (up to 3 kilograms, but this is rare). The berries are fleshy, with a honey flavor. It tolerates external influences well.

Non-covering grape varieties

Juodupe variety

The variety was bred by Gailunas from Lithuania. It is an early grape - it ripens in 100 days. Differs in small clusters (up to 140 grams), as well as resistance to low temperatures and diseases.

Buffalo

The variety has American roots, derived from the grapes "Herbert" and "Watkins". Medium bunches (about 500 g). This grape gives a relatively large yield, tolerates diseases well.

Early pineapple

It was bred by Kondratsky from Kiev by crossing the varieties "Pineapple" and "Pearl Sabo". Weakly susceptible to disease.

Outdoor furniture-390

This variety was also bred by the Ukrainian Kondratsky, crossing "Lydia" and "Pearl of Sabo". The weight of one berry reaches 5 g, the clusters are medium.

Variety Rogachevsky

This grape was bred by a breeder from Belarus Rogachev. In another way it is called "Graceful". Ripens in 110 days. The weight of one bunch reaches 300 g.

Outdoor furniture-878

In a different way it is called "Gentle". Grown by Kondratsky from the varieties "Wilder" and "Pearl Sabo". The bunches are medium - up to 400 grams, the berries are quite sweet. The grapes ripen in early August.

Lucille variety

Differs in small clusters (about 200 g), as well as special frost tolerance. These grapes are great for making jam and the like, while the aroma is lost when making wine.

Noah

It has very small berries (up to 2 grams) of green color, but the variety gives a lot of yield. This grape is especially common in the Transcarpathian region of Ukraine.

Ontario

Bred in New York by crossing "Diamond" and "Winchel". It has an excellent taste, but an average yield. It tolerates frost and disease well.

Non-covering variety Poklinkton

It spread throughout the USSR from Ukraine, where, in turn, O.K. Antonov. The variety is originally from France. The weight of one berry is up to 5 grams. The variety can withstand severe frosts, down to -30 ° C. Also slightly affected by mildew.

Lyubava

This grape has already been bred in Russia from "Delight" and "Delaware pink". The weight of the bunch is decent - over 500 grams. Ripens at the end of August. The variety is able to withstand temperatures as low as -28 ° C. Almost not affected by diseases.

Seneca

He is of American origin. Derived from the varieties "Ontario" and "Lignan Blanche". After planting, slow growth is observed, but over time it recovers. The weight of the brush reaches 250 grams, and the weight of an individual berry is 5 grams. The variety is slightly affected by mildew, tolerates significant cold snaps well.

Pink grape varieties

• "Angelica": has a pleasant tasting berry with a thick skin. Withstands frosts down to -23 ° С, resistant to gray rot and parasites.
• "Dogwood Taifi": intended more for fresh consumption. Able to tolerate mild frosts, moderately resistant to diseases.
• "Transfiguration": juicy variety, ripens in the first half of August. Poorly tolerates frost and disease.
• "Pink nutmeg": breeding form with the variety Kishmish and Talisman. It perfectly tolerates powdery mildew, mold and cold.
• "Pink raisins": Delicate taste, pitted.
• "Pink peach": the weight of the bunch reaches 1.2 kg, is characterized by a sweet taste and dense skin. Resistant to frost.
• "Original": copes well with diseases (mildew, gray rot) and tolerates frosts down to -23 ° C.
• "Gurzuf pink": bred as a result of crossing Magarach and Muscat. It tolerates light frosts (down to -19 ° C) and some diseases (powdery mildew, rot).
• "Pink Timur": obtained by crossing Red Delight and Timur. It is an early variety, resistant to frost, diseases and parasites.

Black grape varieties

• "Agiorgitiko": This grape is native to Greece. It can be used both for food and for making wines. Not resistant to disease and frost.
• "Aramon": the weight of the bunch reaches a kilogram, the size of one grape is about 2 cm in diameter. Medium resistant to disease and cold.
• Buffalo: perfectly tolerates winters, diameter of berries - up to 1.5 cm, weight - about 50 g. Grows best in southern regions.
• "Alicante Boucher": technical black grape variety. Does not tolerate frost, as well as diseases.
• "Bastardo": also a technical grade, the berries are tasty and large. Grows well in Ukraine and southern Russia.
• "Baga": wine variety of black grapes, medium bunch, sufficiently resistant to fungal diseases and frosts down to -22 ° С.
• "Muscat of Hamburg": suitable for raw consumption and wine making. The bunches are medium (about 250 grams). Grows best in warm latitudes.
• "Bruskam": technical grade with medium-sized clusters. It tolerates frost and disease very well. The berries are small.
• "Festival": an early variety that tolerates frosts down to -26 ° C. The bunches are medium in size, the berries are small.

White grape varieties

Below are the best white grape varieties.

Grape varieties: video

Like all other grapes, reds have their own uses, characteristics and a wide variety of varieties. This group is widely used in winemaking, cognac production, and expensive juices. The best red grape varieties and their characteristics will be described later in the article.

The use of red grape varieties

Red grapes do not necessarily have red skins. This type includes a certain group of grape varieties that are used to make famous (classic) red wines. Juices are also made from them, often used in the production of cognac, liqueurs and similar alcoholic beverages. At the same time, they are usually not used fresh, since most of these varieties are of the technical type.

Red grape wine

Interestingly, red grapes are used in the production of not only red, but also white wine. The rich color of these varieties will not interfere if:

• remove the peel from the wort a few hours after fermentation;
• after fermentation and purification, immediately pour the wine into bottles;
• press the berries without crushing them first;
• harvest immediately after ripening, until the pulp has time to color from the rind;
• control the temperature regime at all phases of production.

This is how the best white wines are made from red grapes in Champagne. But not every production facility has the capabilities and equipment necessary for all this, therefore, most often red varieties are used to make rich red sweet and dry wines.

The best French grape varieties

The most famous red grapes are grown all over the world. France is one of the few countries where red grape varieties have been created, used from ancient times to the present to make the best red wines. Description of French red grape varieties:

Merlot grapes

• Cabernet Sauvignon belongs to the noble grapes. It is the most famous red variety in the world, as an expensive and tasty red wine is named after it. Created in the 17th century in France, namely in the province of Bordeaux. The bushes are medium-sized, the clusters are cylindrical-conical, not friable. The grapes are spherical, medium in size, almost black. The rind is dense, the flesh is very juicy. The taste is sweet and sour. 6-8 t / ha are harvested from plantations annually. There is resistance to decay.
• Merlot is sometimes referred to as Picard and Langon. This is the second most important and widespread type of red grape. Has an increased and annual yield. It is resistant to decay, mildew, but is often affected by powdery mildew. Moderately susceptible to drought and frost. The bunches are conical, up to 150 g, the berries are round, black.
• Cabernet Franc is a red grape variety widely distributed throughout the world - one of the twenty most popular varieties in the world. Grown in France since the 17th century. Early-late ripening, 145 days are required to full ripeness. The bushes are powerful, the leaves are large. The clusters are medium in size, elongated, medium looseness. The berries are spherical, black in color with a bloom. Productivity - 35-50 c / ha.
• "Carmenere" is an old variety that was obtained many years ago in Bordeaux. Also known as Grande Vidure. Average ripening period. Bushes are large, grow quickly with small bunches of grapes. The berries are small, globular, blue-black in color.The taste is juicy, rich, herbal, which is always reflected in the wine. The main disadvantages are the ovaries crumble, the variety is afraid of drafts, heavy soil.
• Syrah is a noble grape variety belonging to the red group. Bred in France (Rhone Valley). It has an average ripening period. The bushes are large, medium-sized leaves, rounded, three or five-lobed. The clusters are small, elongated, not loose. Berries of medium weight, elongated, black color. The yield is small, but stable. There is moderate resistance to fungal diseases.

Italian and Spanish red grapes

Red grape varieties native to Italy and Spain are in no less demand than French ones. Some of them are considered unique and the best for making fine wines, which explains their widespread use. Description of Italian and Spanish red grapes:

Spanish grape variety "Montepulciano"

• Nebbiolo is the basis for the production of fine fine wines. The homeland of the variety is Italy (Piedmont), where it has been cultivated since the XIV century. Its berries have a rich, maroon color with a bloom. This is a capricious variety. It is difficult to grow as it is sensitive to soil, climate, and vineyard location. But if you follow all the growing conditions, the grapes will pay off the effort. During cultivation, it can be completely unpredictable. It is believed that wines made from it, even using the same technology, can differ significantly in shades of taste.
• Montepulciano is an Italian red grape variety. It is grown throughout the country, although the best yields are in the southern regions. It has massive bushes on which medium-sized bunches of grapes ripen, conical or cylindrical in shape. Density is high or medium. The berries are not very large, oval, almost black. The yield depends on the region of cultivation. The variety is resistant to frost, rot, but is afraid of oidium and mildew. Dry wine is made from it.
• Tempranillo is a red grape native to Spain. Locals call him Tinto Fino. And in Portugal it is called Tinta Roriz. It is used for making wines or mixing port and juice. Ripening later, the leaves are large, have a deep dissection. Berries of medium weight, spherical, black with a thin bloom. The rind is thin but firm. Afraid of frost, gray rot.

What other red grape varieties are known?

What are the other best red grapes known? Popular varieties from other countries, grown all over the world, are described below.

Croatian red grape variety "Zinfandel"

• Pinot Noir is one of the oldest grape varieties. And although today Burgundy is considered its homeland, it was cultivated in ancient Rome, and in the XIV century they made excellent Burgundy wine from it. Refers to capricious varieties. Ripening occurs in 141-151 days. The bunch is small, up to 12 cm long, cylindrical in shape, weighing up to 120 g. Berries are medium-sized, dark blue with a bluish bloom. The skin is thin, strong, the pulp is tender, with a high content of juice. Productivity up to 103 kg / ha. Resistant to most fungal diseases. Afraid of recurrent spring frosts.
• Zinfandel is a Croatian red grape that is widely used in America. It is from it that the famous Californian wines are made for the most part. He has large, vigorous bushes, clusters of medium size, dense. The berries are small, round, dark purple. Interesting in that the sugar in berries can be up to 30%! High-yielding, unpretentious, grows in different soils and climates. The main drawback is the tendency to peas, it can be affected by rot.
• Pinotage is a South African variety. It grows best in the hot climate of South Africa. It was created in 1925, but during its existence it has already gained immense popularity. It has an average resistance to frost and disease.These grapes are used to make complex red wines with rich fruity and spicy aromas.

Growing grapes is not an easy task, it requires planning and accurate calculations. Which variety to choose is the first question that interests a novice winegrower. And professionals sometimes want to experiment, get acquainted with new varieties, try to grow them.

Growing grapes is not an easy task, it requires planning and accurate calculations.

Table varieties

Table grapes are used fresh. In winemaking, for the preparation of juices, raisins, technical varieties are traditionally used. Bunches of table grape varieties should give aesthetic pleasure. Less requirements are imposed on technical grades. The vine should give a good harvest, but the berries can be very small, the bunches are very crumbly, any taste, because you need a different one.

This separation is ideal for professional winemaking. For an amateur who has planted several or one vine, who is ready to put his own ideas into practice, this division is of less importance, not so important. Still, the cultivation of grapes involves taking this characteristic into account. You can go wrong by planting the wrong species. Table varieties are more acceptable, because they give a bouquet of fresh taste. The technical ones complement the framework they created. This classification is very convenient when developing new varieties, when growing for sale, and strict planning. If you want to cook a jar of compote, of course, the grapes that ripened at that moment have been harvested.

Red variety and black variety

Red grape varieties are a spectacular decoration of the site.

Berry color - how important is it? Are there any fundamental differences in taste? The beauty of the bunches, foliage, their combination matters, because often the vine is grown only for their own pleasure, and it will not be complete if you focus too much on the harvest. Nature endows a person with a large number of fruits in response to the efforts made, the love shown.

Red grape varieties are a more effective decoration of the site than white, pink ones. At the same time, the refined, delicate, sensual beauty of white and pink bunches does not fall in price. It is impossible to choose without taking into account the peculiarities of taste. In red varieties, sourness is traditionally more pronounced, although they are sometimes very sweet.

If you need a bright element on the site, it is planned to start the vine up or parallel to the ground, red grapes are ideal. In terms of expressiveness, only blacks will compete with them. Pink and white will make a completely different impression. What is better to choose - each person decides for himself. The best option is, perhaps, a combination of different vines. But first of all they choose, nevertheless, usually varieties with dark berries - this is a classic version, a visiting card of grapes. The difference between black and red berries is small, smoothed out by biological properties. Black grapes always look harmonious, thanks to the raid on the berries created by nature.

Natural bloom on berries

Each grape of any variety, color, is always covered with a transparent coating that can be easily erased with your finger. This is the natural microflora of this type of berries, an advantage that cannot be argued with, a unique feature.

There is yeast in the microflora of grapes, which is why this plant has become so popular. It is most often chosen if they want to prepare an intoxicating drink, alcohol. Even in ancient times, people noticed how well it suits these purposes. Perhaps, winemaking, and after it the cultivation of grapes in general, has become fashionable for this very reason. Today, the vine is necessarily present in almost every summer cottage, in every yard. Of course, not only yeast and not only beneficial varieties are found here. There are also wild types of yeast, various types of mold, vinegar, lactic acid bacteria.

Some of the microorganisms present in the microflora can interfere with the preparation of wine. The composition of the microflora of the grape depends on the weather, season, degree of maturity, presence of damage, proximity to the ground, soil characteristics, variety, location in the structure of the bunch and other points. The microflora changes color a little.

The difference between black and red grapes is often found when the berries are eaten, rather than by eye contact. Black grape juice has a slightly different shade, like the pulp and peel. A bunch of both red and black varieties looks seductive, extravagant, will become a decoration of both the site, and the dining table, and the counter.

Original Black

Original Black belongs to medium-late table varieties

Original Black belongs to medium-late table varieties, has interesting, attractive characteristics. It takes root and grows well, has a high yield, and is frost-resistant. Not only the color, but also the shape of the berries attracts attention - they are elongated, destroying the stereotype of what grapes should be.

The shape of the bunch also cannot but please. It is conical, the berries fit tightly to each other. This is a large, very appetizing table grape. The weight of each bunch varies from 400 - 600 grams to 1-2 kilograms. The leaves of the vine are large. On them there is a weakly expressed edge, belongs to a strongly dissected type - it has a pronounced apex and lateral lobes.

Zarif

A table variety of grapes such as Zarif are magnificent clusters with berries of a dark purple hue, classic, round shape. It belongs to early ripening varieties and ripens by the second half of July. It is characterized by average frost resistance, requires careful attention and careful care, protection from cold weather, if they are part of the local climate. Immunological resistance to odium is low. But if you put in enough effort and take care of the health of the vine, the result will live up to expectations.

A table variety of any grape needs care, because you always want to harvest a harvest worthy in terms of volume, external and taste characteristics. In this regard, I want to fertilize the soil well, as well as establish timely protection against pests. The tangible and tangible return from the cultivation of the land is the pride and joy of a skilled gardener.

Its clusters are of medium density, conical and cylindro-conical in shape. The vine looks beautiful. Leaves are medium, moderately dissected - the top and lateral lobes are noticeable, but attention is focused on the plate of a pleasant light green color. This variety was grown in Tajikistan.

Codryanka

This variety of table grapes is very popular and is often chosen for cultivation. And not in vain, because his characteristics are close to universal, which, of course, provides him with dominance. It contains practically no seeds, which will delight both lovers of fresh grapes and lovers of raisins. It belongs to early maturing varieties, has high frost resistance. Berries are dark purple in color, large. The bunches are dense, conical in shape. Their weight averages from 700 grams to a kilogram and more.

The leaves are large, with medium dissection, of a pleasant, juicy green color. Kodryanka has good immunity. The plant is resistant to most diseases typical for grapes, but not all, alas. Therefore, it needs care and attention. Created Kordyanka in Moldova.

Codrianka is resistant to most diseases typical of grapes.

Astronaut

Such a table variety of red grapes, like an astronaut, will allow you to both enjoy the taste of grapes and admire the beauty of the vine. No wonder he was given such a name. The bunches will remind you of the sky, stars, constellations. The berries of this variety are small, not collected tightly. Against the background of foliage, they look like decoration, and they are.However, it makes no sense to admire this beauty for a long time, because the grapes are delicious and they contain a lot of useful substances. The variety belongs to the early ones. The bunches weigh from 100 grams to 200 grams. Immunity is average, grapes are unstable to some types of common diseases, requires moderate care. It makes a gentle impression, captivates with the harvest.

Isabel

Berries of a purple hue, classic round shape - a distinctive feature of this grape variety. Bunches of cylindrical shape are sometimes decorated with lateral branches, resembling wings. They are loose. Although the berries are loosely located, they are able to hold on for a long time. You can admire this variety for a long time without fear that the grapes fall on the ground. This feature is valuable not only from an aesthetic, but also from a practical point of view. It is very good sometimes that you can postpone the picking for a while.

The foliage is medium to large. If necessary, by growing Isabella, you can create a magnificent decor. Isabella, a table variety of red grapes, will appeal to guests, neighbors, and the owner himself. The plate is close to solid, covered on the inside with a thick white felt-type edging. Isabella's homeland is North America.

July

Codrianka is resistant to most diseases typical of grapes.

The uncomplicated name accurately characterizes the variety. This table variety of red grapes belongs to the early ones, is distinguished by its unpretentiousness. It has a very valuable advantage - it is resistant to attacks by wasps and bees. It is impossible not to pay attention to this. In addition, July is resistant to frost and with the onset of cold weather, providing standard protection, you can not worry - the vine will be in good condition in the spring.

July's berries are medium and large, oval in shape. The bunches are large, but loose. Their weight varies from 300 grams to 400 grams. They are well stored after harvest, which expands the possibilities of the grower, gardener. The plant is immune to some common diseases, which reduces the time it takes to care for it.

Agat Donskoy

This variety was created specifically to delight all grape lovers with delicious fruits. Its berries are large, dark blue, juicy, sweet, aromatic. A distinctive feature is independence from environmental conditions, although relative, therefore stable, high yield. Agate Donskoy effectively resists bees, wasps. It is also resistant to harmful fungal microorganisms. In winter, you won't have to worry about him much, because he has a low sensitivity to medium frosts. The bunches of this variety are large, moderately loose. Their weight ranges from 500 grams to 700 grams.

Cardinal

Loose bunches with large berries of this grape variety will give aesthetic pleasure and a wealth of delicate shades of taste. They attract attention, suggest trying the berries as soon as possible. The violet-red shade looks great against the background of green, large foliage. The shape of the leaf blade is round, but the dissection is not lost - there are five lobes, the features of the classic grape leaf are preserved. The variety was created in the USA.

Many varieties of table grapes with dark, reddish-blue, purple and black berries exist today. There are varieties that will ripen by autumn. There are those that can be harvested in mid-summer. It remains only for yourself to determine what time is optimal. If there is an opportunity, of course, it is better to grow several species, combine early and late varieties. Excess grapes and fresh, and in the form of raisins, wine, compote, juice will never be - on the counter or on the table. One vine can be a decoration for a gazebo, another can turn into a spectacular decoration of the inner side of the fence, and the third one can be used to decorate the wall of a house. Vines of wild grapes will perfectly complement the outside of the fence.If we are talking about a vineyard, keeping in mind the yield, it is important to take care of the beauty. The combination of varieties will allow you to create a fancy mosaic, add luxury, chic, shine to a modest natural charm.

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Since ancient times, grapes have been cultivated by man. According to historians, the pioneers in this matter were the ancient Egyptians, who successfully cultivated culture in the sixth millennium BC. Over the past years, viticulture has made great strides. Today, scientists have about 20 thousand grape varieties, of which more than 4 thousand are used. They differ from each other in berry color, resistance to adverse conditions, taste and other qualities.

Varieties with different color of berries

The color of the grapes is very varied. It depends on the amount of coloring pectin in the skin of the fruit and can range from almost white to bluish black. On this basis, all varieties are divided into three main groups:

• white;
• black;
• red.

One of the characteristic features of the grape variety is the color of its berries.

White

The berries of the white grape varieties are actually light green in color. Moreover, the color shade depends not only on the variety, but also on the growing conditions. Sunlight affects the intensity of fruit coloring especially strongly. To enhance its effect, many growers remove part of the leaves during the ripening period. When carrying out this procedure, it must be remembered that too early thinning can lead to sunburn on the berries and complete or partial loss of yield.

More than half of all grape varieties have white berries. These include:

• Agadai;
• Augalia;
• Bazhena;
• White miracle;
• Galahard;
• Long-awaited;
• Karaburnu;
• Liang;
• Moscow white;
• Mascot;
• Citrine;
• Sabbat.

Photo gallery: popular white grape varieties

Black

Black grape varieties are very popular with gardeners all over the world. They contain a large amount of antioxidants that have a beneficial effect on human health. Black grapes are less common than white ones. Nevertheless, it can be seen in almost any vineyard. The following varieties are especially famous:

• Academician Avidzba (In memory of Dzheneyev);
• Anthracite (Charlie);
• December;
• Fun;
• Redness;
• Moldova;
• Odessa souvenir;
• Autumn black.

Photo gallery: black grape varieties

Red

Red grape varieties are less common than white and black varieties. In addition, with insufficient sunlight and other unfavorable conditions, they often do not gain the desired color intensity and remain greenish-pink.

Among the red varieties grown in our country, it can be noted:

• Victor;
• Helios;
• Dessert;
• Cardinal;
• Original;
• In memory of the Teacher;
• In memory of the Surgeon;
• Rumba.

Photo gallery: grape varieties with red berries

Varieties of different ripening periods

All grape varieties can be classified into early and late grapes. Among the winegrowers of our country, early ripening varieties are in special demand, since they ripen even in regions of risky agriculture with short and not too hot summers.

Table: early varieties

Table: late varieties

In most of the territory of our country, it is possible to grow only unpretentious and winter-hardy grapes. When developing new varieties, breeders must take into account these two qualities, thanks to which viticulture is spreading even in the northern regions of Russia.

Unpretentious

Novice growers pay special attention to the undemanding variety of care. This quality is fully possessed by:

• Agat Donskoy. An early variety with dark blue medium-sized berries of a simple taste. The pulp contains no more than 15% sugars. Differs in high (up to 50 kg per bush) yield. Due to its high resistance to fungal diseases, it does not require regular chemical treatments. In regions with winter temperatures above -26 ° C, it can be grown without shelter. In case of damage to the vines by severe frosts, it is easily restored;
  

  Even beginner growers will be able to get a high yield of Agatha Donskoy

• Timur. A low-growing grape variety with whitish-green sweet berries with a mild nutmeg aroma. They ripen within 100-106 days after the start of the growing season. Timur does not require special soil fertility. It thrives on sandy and sandy loam soils. Resistance to fungal diseases is higher than that of most grape varieties. It tolerates a drop in air temperature down to -25 ° C;
  

  Timur is everyone's favorite in our garden. We have 3 bushes at the age of 5 years. Ripening is the earliest of all varieties. Its berries are very beautiful in shape and very sweet with crunchy flesh. There was no peat. The only thing is that the tassels are too small - 300–400 g. Muscat is not felt.

• Lydia. An old variety with high vigor and exceptional rooting ability. The pink berries are rather small. The pulp is slimy, with a characteristic aroma. Previously, Lydia was widely used for making wine and juices, but after rumors about the release of harmful substances during her fermentation, she lost her popularity. For successful fruiting, this variety needs a long warm summer. It does not require regular treatment for fungal diseases, feeding and watering. Due to its unpretentiousness in the southern regions, Lydia is often grown as an ornamental crop. Usually it is used to decorate various gazebos and awnings.
  

  Lydia can do just fine without any care

Winter hardy

Winter hardiness is a mandatory quality for grapes grown in areas of risky farming. The following varieties can withstand the lowest temperatures:

• Alpha. A variety of American selection. Withstands frosts down to -40 ° C, so it can be grown without shelter even in the northern regions of our country. The roots of the plant remain viable when the soil is cooled down to -12 ° C. Alpha berries are not very tasty. Their flesh has a slimy consistency and a rather sour taste. They are usually used to make wines and juices. In addition, Alpha is a good pollinator for self-fertile grape varieties;
• Sharov's riddle. A unique variety that was born thanks to the Siberian amateur breeder R.F. Sharov. It combines high winter hardiness (down to -35 ° C) and harmonious sweet taste of dark blue berries, which ripen 110 days after budding;
  

  The small (up to 2 g) weight of the berries of the Riddle of Sharov is compensated by the excellent taste

• Taiga emerald. A variety of selection by a student of I.V. Michurin Nikolai Tikhonov. Possesses exceptional winter hardiness: the vine is not damaged by frost down to -30 ° C. Bright green berries contain a large amount of sugars (up to 20%) with a rather high acidity (about 11%), which is why they have a bright refreshing taste. Among the advantages of the Taiga emerald is its high resistance to fungal diseases.

Video: grapes Taiga emerald in Khabarovsk

Complex resistant

Many modern varieties have complex resistance to cold and most fungal and bacterial diseases. These include:

• White miracle;
• Muromets;
• Delight;
• Marquette;
• Liang;
• Kodryanka;
• Beauty of the North;
• Kesha.

Delight

Delight is one of the most popular grape varieties in Russia and the post-Soviet countries. It perfectly tolerates frosts down to -25 ° C and rarely suffers from fungal diseases. The pleasant harmonious taste of its berries, containing 19–26% sugars and 7–9% titrated acids, does not leave winegrowers indifferent.

Delight refers to tall varieties. His vine needs an annual formative pruning. Usually, when it is carried out, no more than 40 eyes are left on the bush.

Delight grapes tolerate frost well and resist disease

Light green, almost white berries of this variety weigh about 5-6 g and have an oval-round shape. They are used mainly for fresh consumption. The bunches are loose, weighing from 500 to 900 g.

The fruits of Delight ripen within 100-110 days from the moment the buds open. Up to 120 centners of grapes can be harvested from one hectare of plantings, which retain their qualities well during transportation and storage.

I will never give up Rapture. I didn’t notice that I was sick with oidium. Reliable. It hangs until you take it off and it is very pleasant at any time in the fall you can feast on it until the very frost.

Video: Delight grapes

Kesha

Kesha perfectly tolerates temperatures as low as -23 ° C and has a strong immunity to fungal diseases. Its characteristic features include:

• light green color of large berries;
• sweet fleshy pulp;
• early ripening of berries;
• high productivity;
• quick entry into fruiting;
• lack of tendency to pea fruit.

Kesha begins to bear fruit 2 years after planting

My Kesha has been growing for 13 years. Favorite variety of the whole family. Very unpretentious and stable. Practically not watered or fed. The usual harvest is 25–30 kg per bush. The berries in each cluster are round and slightly elongated. The appearance of an ovary on stepsons is a normal phenomenon for him and indicates a normal load. Now, if there is no such ovary, an obvious overload. An excellent pollinator for the Talisman growing nearby. Light nutmeg appears when overripe and on berries fried in the sun.

Codryanka

The reference black grape table variety. It is widely used both in industrial viticulture and in private plots. Differs in the original elongated, slightly curved shape of the berries, which have a simple but harmonious taste. They ripen in 110-115 days from the moment of bud break.

Codrianka is considered a reference grape variety

Codrianka tolerates return frosts and summer droughts better than many other grape varieties. In addition, she rarely suffers from mildew and oidium, and also does not arouse interest in wasps. When grown in regions with winter temperatures below -23 ° C, Codryanka must be covered.

According to experienced winegrowers, the main disadvantage of Codreanka is its tendency to peas. Treatment with growth stimulants such as gibberellin or acetylsalicylic acid will help to avoid this.

This year I was pleased with Codryanka. True, for the Moscow region this variety is rather difficult, SAT is not enough. But this variety tastes very good. The berry is large. Table variety. The berry is crispy, sweet, with pits.

Video: description of the Kodryanka variety

The most delicious grape varieties

The taste of berries of different grape varieties is checked by experts who give tasting ratings. The varieties that have received more than 8.5 points out of 10 are considered especially tasty. For example:

• Rochefort (9.7);
• Academician Avidzba (9.2);
• In memory of Negrul (9.2);
• Tavria (9.1);
• Gourmet Krainov (9.1);
• Valentine (9.1);
• Anyuta (9).

Nutmeg

Grapes with a nutmeg flavor receive consistently high tasting marks. It is most pronounced in the following varieties:

• Hamburg muscat. An ancient mid-late grape variety. Its purple-blue berries taste great with a strong nutmeg aroma. In Russia, it is grown as a covering crop. In addition, it is very strongly affected by pests;
  

  Hamburg Muscat - a classic Muscat grape

• Muscat Moscow. A very early variety of the selection of the Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev. Berries are light green with nutmeg flavor. Often affected by fungal diseases and spider mites;
  

  The average weight of Moscow Muscat bunches is 450 g

• Rochefort. Modern early variety. The berries are large (up to 8 g), red-gray in color. The pulp is juicy, with a strong nutmeg aroma. The resistance of the variety to diseases and freezing temperatures is average;
  

  Rochefort berries are not only delicious, but also very beautiful

• Anyuta. The newest variety of early ripening. Resistance to fungal diseases - 3.5 points. The berries are pink, rather large, with a pronounced nutmeg flavor. The average yield is 188 centners per hectare.
  

  Capricious Anyuta, but beautiful bunches, large berry, color, taste covers all her shortcomings. Wonderful nutmeg!

Large

The tasting score is influenced not only by the taste, but also by the size of the berries. Large and beautiful fruits can give the variety an additional 2 points.

Table: grape varieties with the largest berries

Photo gallery: grape varieties with the largest berries

Seedless

Seedless varieties are especially appreciated among grape lovers. Their berries are eaten fresh and used to make raisins.

To date, hundreds of seedless grape varieties have been bred. In the countries of the former USSR, the most popular are:

• Russian corinka. A frost-resistant, vigorous variety with a very early ripening period. The berries are small, golden-green, very sweet. Resistance to mildew and gray rot is high, to powdery mildew - medium. The thin skin of the berries is often damaged by wasps;
  

  The weight of corinka Russian berries does not exceed 2 g

• Radiant kishmish. Medium early variety with pink berries. The pulp is juicy, tasty, with a slight aroma of nutmeg. The thick skin allows the berries to be transported over long distances and stored until mid-January. Resistance to fungal diseases is above average, frost resistance is weak. With excessive soil moisture, the taste of berries deteriorates significantly. Needs mandatory rationing of the crop;
• Centennial (Centenel Seedlis). An early American variety. Berries are light green, medium in size (weight about 3 g). The flesh is crispy, with a subtle nutmeg aroma. When overripe, the berries crumble. In addition, they quickly lose color and acquire a brownish tan. It is rarely affected by fungal diseases. Average frost resistance (up to -23 ° C);
  

  The inflorescences have grown very well, I cut them off yesterday. One brush 460 g, the other 280 g. Kishmish 100%, there are not even rudiments. The whole family really liked it, there was a light Muscat. In all respects, I liked him more than Radiant.

• In memory of Dombkovskaya. A disease and pest resistant variety, bred by the Orenburg breeder F.I. Shatalov. Differs in high winter hardiness (up to -28 ° C). The berries are dark blue, almost black. The pulp is juicy and has a harmonious taste. With a lack of heat and sunlight, it can be sour. From the beginning of the growing season to the ripening of the berries, no more than 115 days pass.
  

  The average yield of the variety Pamyati Dombkovskaya is about 85 centners per hectare

Wine varieties

For the production of wine, technical grape varieties are used. Their berries are not distinguished by their large size and decorative appearance, but they contain a large amount of aromatic juice.

The weight of the berries of technical grape varieties rarely exceeds 1.5 g.

Table: the most famous technical grape varieties

Grapes for different regions

When choosing a grape variety, special attention should be paid to its adaptability to the climate of a particular region.

Krasnodar Territory and Crimea

The natural conditions of the south of Russia, especially the Crimea and Krasnodar Territory, are ideal for growing grapes. Almost all varieties of this thermophilic culture grow and bear fruit well here.High-yield varieties with tasty and large fruits are especially popular with local residents:

• Cardinal;
• Hamburg muscat;
• Moldova;
• Sabbat;
• Radiant kishmish;
• Biruintsa;
• In memory of the Surgeon;
• Anyuta.

There are many wineries on the Crimean Peninsula and in the Krasnodar Territory, so technical grape varieties are in high demand:

• Pink nutmeg;
• Cabernet Sauvignon;
• Aligote;
• Chardonnay;
• Traminer pink.

Crimea is a great place for growing grapes

Donbass

The long hot summer of Donbass allows many varieties of grapes to ripen. But they can suffer during rather cold winters with little snow. Grape growers in this region prefer relatively frost-resistant varieties. These include:

• Agat Donskoy;
• Kodryanka;
• Liang;
• Pukhlyakovsky;
• Laura;
• Mascot;
• Galahard;
• Long-awaited.

Middle Volga region, including Samara region and Tatarstan

In recent years, grapes are increasingly found on the personal plots of residents of the Middle Volga region. A great contribution to the development of viticulture in this region was made by the specialists of the Samara Zonal Experimental Fruit and Berry Station, who created many new varieties adapted to the local climate. Among them:

• Firstborn of Kuibyshev;
• Kuibyshev early;
• The beauty of the Volga region;
• Crane;
• Muscat Kuibyshev.

In the Samara region and Tatarstan, unpretentious or complex-resistant varieties also feel good:

• Kesha;
• Pleven is stable;
• Agat Donskoy;
• Kodryanka;
• Lydia.

Middle zone of Russia and Moscow region

In central Russia and the Moscow region, grapes often suffer from frosty winters and insufficiently warm summers. Return frosts, which often occur during the flowering period of the culture, also have a detrimental effect on him.

To get a guaranteed harvest, growers in the middle zone and the Moscow region grow only early frost-resistant varieties. Among them:

• Alyoshenkin's gift;
• Russian corinka;
• Delight;
• Liang;
• Beauty of the North;
• Crystal;
• In memory of Dombkovskaya;
• Muscat Moscow.

Video: harvesting grapes at a farm near Moscow

Northwest RF and Belarus

The North-West of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus are characterized by a short, rather cool summer with a large amount of precipitation and a lack of sunny days. Not every grape variety can ripen and accumulate a sufficient amount of sugar in such conditions. In addition, wet weather increases the risk of developing various fungal diseases.

In such difficult climatic conditions, most winegrowers choose modern varieties resistant to diseases and low temperatures:

• Muromets;
• Alyoshenkin's gift;
• In memory of Dombkovskaya;
• Victor;
• Galahard;
• White miracle;
• Delight.

I have been growing grapes in the north of the Leningrad region (Priozersky district) since 2010. In the first 2 years there were mistakes with grape shelter, but the vines did not die and are now yielding. Started with 4 bushes (3 varieties) Oval Delight, Laura and Memory of Dombkovskaya. After 2 years, making sure that the grapes in our region bear fruit, I purchased the varieties Platovsky, Aleshenkin, Rodina, Kristall, Ilya Muromets, Early Malinger. Delight is oval and 2 bushes of Memory of Dombkovskaya began to bear fruit.

In Siberia

Extremely cold winter temperatures are the main risk factor for grapes in Siberia. But breeders have created varieties that grow and bear fruit even in such difficult conditions. Among them:

• Sharov's riddle;
• Taiga emerald;
• Tukay;
• Alpha;
• Siberian Cheryomushka,
• In memory of Dombkovskaya.

Even the most cold-resistant varieties in Siberia require an obligatory shelter.

Video: vineyard in Siberia

Thanks to the tireless work of breeders, winegrowers have a large selection of varieties of their favorite culture. Each of them can choose grapes for their site that best meet all of their requirements.

Since childhood, I have been fond of growing various plants and have achieved considerable success in this matter. I would be very happy to share my experience. Rate the article:

(1 vote, average: 5 out of 5)

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A bunch of ripe grapes, playing with poured berries, is easily compared to a work of art. It is difficult to find a person who would not like grapes in one form or another: raisins or fresh, in the form of wine or in a still life in a painting. All varieties of this wonderful berry are divided into technical (for making wines), table (for eating) and raisins (seedless or flat-seeded, also used for drying raisins). It is difficult to cover all varieties of grapes in one article, therefore today the conversation will focus exclusively on red grapes. About what kinds of culture exist, where they are used and what is their peculiarity in the world of winemaking and cooking.

Ripe red grapes

General information about red grapes

Initially, red grapes are divided into two types relative to varieties:

• dining room;
• technical.

In turn, the varieties are also divided into subspecies:

• early maturing;
• late ripening;
• mid-season.

Technical

Saturated the ruby ​​color of the wine is obtained only from red grapes... This drink is called more complex and stronger than white or rosé wine. Although, of course, it all depends on the selected type of red grapes. The characteristic aroma, color and astringency appears as a result of fermentation in grape juice of seeds and berry skins. The composition of the seeds of grape berries contains tannins, which give a tart aftertaste to red wine.

It is difficult to list all the varieties of red grapes that are used in winemaking, therefore we will remember only the best ones.

Cabernet Sauvignon

Delicious red wines are made from these grapes. The grapes originated in the seventeenth century in the French province of Bordeaux. Now Cabernet Sauvignon is grown in all wine-growing regions of the planet. In Europe, wines are thin and soft, while New World winemakers rely on rigor. The wines have a dense ruby ​​color, rich bouquet of aromas, medium acidity and tannins. This red grape is excellent for long aging wines.

Technical grape variety - Cabernet Sauvignon

Merlot

Another name, as popular among connoisseurs of a noble drink as Cabernet Sauvignon. Bred in France, but now grown in many countries. The taste of the drink is softer than that of wines from Cabernet Sauvignon, without a tart note. A drink made from Merlot grapes is classified as quickly ripening, but there are brands that are stored for a long time. The chemical composition of Merlot wine contains less tannin, more natural sugar and alcohol, and this is the best indicator.

Pinot Noir

Perhaps the oldest variety. Brought in the fourteenth century by the ancient Romans. The red Pinot Noir grape produces the finest Burgundy wines. In cultivation, capricious and delicate grapes. The ideal crop can only be harvested in Burgundy, in a hilly area called the Côte d'Or. I use Pinot Noir to create red wine, but its color is less intense than that of other types of culture. The composition of the drinks is characterized by a high alcohol content, acidity and a low amount of tannins.

Sira or Shiraz

Noble, widely used to make red wine. Homeland - the south of France, but cultivated in Italy, Australia, South America and Africa, in the USA. Syrah produces full, strong wines with a bouquet of subtle aromas of pepper, chocolate, currant, smoke and leather. Syrah wines are characterized by dark purple, almost black color. The chemical composition includes an increased amount of tannin, high acidity, alcohol strength.

Tempranillo or Tinto Fino

The famous red technical grade of Spain. Tempranillo wines have a dark color, velvety taste with hints of berries and chocolate. They are well stored and open over time. Tempranillo makes a strong wine in comparison with other Spanish ones.

The famous red technical grade of Spain - Tinto Fino

Nebbiolo

The grapes are native to Italy. Bred in the fourteenth century. Used to create fine dessert wines. He is capricious to soil, climate, humidity. Wines from Nebbiolo can differ from each other only because the vineyards are planted in different areas of the same country. The drink from this grape variety has a dark rich color, tart taste, cherry aroma with an admixture of violets and black liquorice. The alcohol and acid content of the wine is high. Young wine is tannin. However, it belongs to those wines that only get better over time.

Pinotage

The variety is native to South Africa. Wine made from Pinotage grapes is prized for its rich tart taste with a fruity note, velvety and depth. The color is deep dark red. Pinotage is used to make light dessert, deep and strong, sparkling wines, port.

Malbec

Grapes from Argentina. Added to main wine varieties to increase tannin and obtain a dark color. Differs in high acidity. This variety is not as common as the ones listed above, but the demand only grows every year.

The famous varieties of red grapes include the American Zinfandel, French Carmenere, and others. The quality of wine depends not only on the experience of the winemaker, but also on the region where the grapes grow, the ripening period of the vine (early, mid-late or late), the amount of tannin and fructose.

Grapes from Argentina - Malbec

Table varieties

Table grape varieties differ from technical ones in that they are consumed exclusively in their natural form. Table grapes contain antioxidants, acids, vitamins, trace elements and enzymes that contribute to the healing and rejuvenation of the human body. Varieties are distinguished by color (red, white, yellow, pink, blue), as well as by the ripening period:

• super early;
• very early;
• early;
• early medium;
• average;
• medium late;
• very late.

The quality of the grapes is determined by the level of sugar and acid, the size of the brush and berries (small, medium or large), the thickness of the skin, and the quality of the pulp. These parameters depend not only on the variety of a particular grape, but also on the cultivation technique. Below are the popular and delicious home garden varieties.

Early grade Delight red

Red grapes with large loose clusters up to 700 g. The berry is pink and red, large or very large, oval or ovoid. The rind is thin. The sugar content of these grapes is up to 23%, the acidity is not higher than 8 g / l. The fruits are fleshy, juicy, with a pleasant taste. Bushes of medium height, fruiting shoots about 60% of the total. Up to 15 bunches of grapes fully ripen on the vine. Resistant to diseases of gray mold, mildew, powdery mildew.

Red grapes - Delight red

Red kishmish

Hybrid early variety. Brushes of pronounced cylindro-conical shape, not loose, large, each weighing up to 600 g. Berries grow large, after ripening they become juicy and dense. The taste is pleasant, with a nutmeg note. Medium density skin. High-yielding grapes. The variety withstands winter frosts well, no need to cover. Not susceptible to mildew diseases.

Kokur red

An early variety that gives a high yield every year. Bushes develop tall. The bunch of grapes is medium in size, not loose, but not dense either. The weight of the brush reaches 200 g. The variety is not small, the berries are oval, the color is dark red, closer to purple. Sugar level 20%, acidity not more than 6 g / l. 60-70% of the lashes are fruitful, but the number of brushes on the shoot is not large. It grows well in the middle latitudes of Russia and in the north of Ukraine.

Mid-season grade Ichkimar

Uzbek variety, regarded as early or mid-season. The bushes are very vigorous. Grape clusters are large, long, with medium density, conical in shape, weighing up to half a kilogram. The color of the berry is deep red. Large - up to 30 mm in length, oblong. The pulp is firm. Sweet. Ingredients: 20% sugar, 4 g / l acids. Loves moisture.

Frankenthal

The variety is more greenhouse or for cultivation in the south of Crimea. The brushes are large and dense, conical in shape. The berries are more than average, the color is red, almost black. The rind is firm. The bush does not grow very tall. When grown in a greenhouse, it lends itself to mildew.

Frankenthal table grapes

Late varieties Jubilee of Moldova

Resistant to pests and common diseases. The bush is weak. The cluster is medium in size, has a cylindrical shape, the brush is often loose. The berries are poured round, large, bright red. With a thin skin. The pulp is juicy, sweet, with a musky aroma. The variety does not belong to winter hardy, but the fruits are keeping quality. Anniversary of Moldova is prone to spider mite disease.

It is customary to divide table varieties according to the method of consumption: local, export, for storage. The grapes are evaluated on a 10-point scale by the tasting method and by their external characteristics.

There are not as many red table grapes as there are white, yellow or blue varieties. But their taste value does not diminish from that. It is safe to say that these are the best grape varieties in terms of technical application and table.

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Some gardeners manage to make wine from almost every available grape variety. However, the technology of wine production involves the use of certain varieties of culture, filled with a whole bunch of aromas. The most popular white and blue wine varieties are discussed in this article.

The best wine grape varieties

The grapes from which juices and wine are made are called technical. The characteristic of the bunches looks modest in comparison with the table species:

• medium to small size with densely packed fruits;
• the average weight of the hand is 120-150 grams;
• high content of juice (75-85% by weight of the berry);
• the sugar content index exceeds 18%.

Wine grapes bear fruit well and consistently. This is facilitated by the increased resistance of plants to fungal infections and pest attacks. Next, we will find out which variety is best suited for winemaking.

The best white varieties for winemaking

Chardonnay

Chardonnay is a world-famous technical grade of Western European origin. It is not possible to thoroughly find out the pedigree, but there is an opinion that the variety appeared thanks to the crossing of Pinot noir and Gue blanc.

Berries are processed to produce wines with different flavor notes and fruity aromas. Also, part of the harvest is annually sent for the manufacture of wine materials, which are subsequently used as a champagne flavor enhancer.

Brief characteristics of the plant:

• the bush is medium-sized, although strong-growing lashes are also found;
• the growing season lasts 130-140 days;
• flowers are bisexual, which ensures good pollination;
• conical clusters are loose, weight reaches 900-1000 grams;
• white-green berries are set off with a golden tint;
• fruit shape - rounded slightly elongated;
• grape weight - 12-15 gr., each contains 2-3 seeds;
• sugar content - 18% with an acidity of 8-12 g / l;
• yield - 8-12 t / ha;
• the culture is frost-resistant, withstands temperatures up to minus 20 °.

Chardonnay tolerates drought, with an excess of humid environment, the fruits can rot. Resistance to mildew and powdery mildew is moderate.

Chardonnay variety

Bianca

Wine material from Bianchi has an unrivaled taste with notes of vanilla and almonds. For the production of table, semi-sweet and other wines, blending with other juices with a low sugar content is used. This helps to avoid the sweetness that is characteristic of this grape.

The grape was bred in Hungary, the parents are Villars Blanc and Chasselas Bouvier.

Brief characteristics of the plant:

• early ripening, growing season - 110-120 days;
• medium-sized bush;
• cylindrical brushes, weight 90-120 gr .;
• fruits are small and medium, weight 1.5 g .;
• the shape of the berries is round, slightly elongated, the color is greenish-yellow;
• the skin is thin, the taste is harmonious, filled with a bouquet of aromas;
• the crop does not lose its presentation on the vine after the onset of full maturity;
• sugar content - 20-28% with an acidity of 7-9 g / l;
• there is a high resistance to mildew, gray rot, oidium, tolerance to phylloxera;
• frost resistance - up to minus 27 °.

Bianca on the vine does not lose its appearance even after full maturation

Muscat

Medium-early ripening muscat with a growing season of 130-140 days. Muscat is one of the oldest varieties originating from Syria, Arabia and Egypt. The peculiarity of the culture is the ability to accumulate a high level of sugar (up to 25% with an acidity of 6.5-7 g / l).

A brief description of:

• medium-sized bush;
• the weight of a conical bunch is 100-450 grams;
• berries sit tightly on the brush, the weight of one is on average 4 grams;
• the taste is saturated with nutmeg;
• yield - 66-109 c / ha;
• disease resistance is low.

Excellent marketability and taste outweighs poor survival in adverse climatic conditions. Grapes immediately react to a lack of moisture and its excess, does not have resistance to low temperatures, and requires potassium dressing.

Muscat close up

Sauvignon Blanc

The variety was obtained by crossing Chenin Blanc and Taminer. Thanks to its excellent taste, balance of sugar and acidity, grapes are recognized all over the world. The peculiarity of the culture is the timely harvest. When overripe, the berry loses its properties and taste, becomes unsuitable for winemaking.

A brief description of:

• growing season 130-135 days;
• bushes are medium-sized, but powerful enough with a developed root system;
• clusters of small size, weight is 75-120 grams;
• the berry is small, the color is greenish-white with a waxy coating (each contains 2-3 seeds);
• low yield;
• sugar content - 18-23% with an acidity of 6.7-11 g / l.

The culture shows weak resistance to powdery mildew and gray mold, tolerance to mildew. In growing conditions with high humidity, shedding of flowers is noted. Soils are preferable with the content of clayey interlayers, as well as gravel and sandy inclusions.

Sauvignon Blanc - the main thing is not to wait for the berries to ripen so as not to spoil the wine

Riesling

The variety, donated by nature itself, is considered the king in winemaking. High-quality wines are made from berries with excellent taste, which are filled with different notes and shades.

A brief description of:

• growing season - 140-150 days;
• dense clusters, weight 80-100 gr.;
• berries are yellow-green with a bluish tinge, weight 1.3-1.5 g., rounded shape;
• the skin is dense, but thin;
• frost resistance up to minus 20 °;
• full ripening of fruits occurs in October-November;
• sugar content 18% with acidity 9-11 g / l;
• disease resistance is low.

Fruiting grapes on different soils, but land with lime content is more acceptable.

Riesling has low disease resistance

Pinot Blanc

The representative of the Pinot family is characterized by multifaceted taste, it is used to make still, sparkling and dessert wines. Burgundy is the birthplace of the plant, but today almost all European countries and other regions can boast of high yields.

A brief description of:

• growing season - 140-150 days;
• clusters of medium density weighing 85-150 grams;
• berries of a round shape, yellow-green color, weight 1.4-1.7 g;
• the average sugar content reaches 20%.

The peculiarity of the variety lies in the low content of acid and aromatic substances, as a result of which Pinot Blanc is recommended for making wine, which should be consumed by young people.

Ripening period Pinot Blanc - 150 days

What are the best varieties for red wine

Pinot noir

Black fruitful grapes ripen in 141-151 days. There is no reliable information about the origin, but Traminer and Pinot Meunier are considered the likely parents. The bush is medium-sized with an unusual color of the lower leaves (green with a red tint). The flowers are bisexual, there are no problems with pollination. A bunch of small sizes, weighing 66-120 grams, the shape is often cylindrical. The berry has a pleasant taste, colorless juice, balanced sugar content. Its shape is round, the color is dark blue.

The yield of Pinot Noir is 50-60 c / ha. The plant is vulnerable to phylloxera, tolerance to gray rot, powdery mildew is manifested.

Grapes develop poorly on flat and low relief.

Pinot noir is vulnerable to phylloxera and gray rot

Saperavi

A very old Georgian grape variety with dark blue berries. Saperavi vegetation period is 150-160 days, harvesting begins in late September - early October. The bush is beautifully hung with wide-conical bunches with small grapes, the weight of one is 90-100 gr. The berry is very juicy with a harmonious taste, its weight barely exceeds 1 g. Each contains 2-3 seeds.

The plant has a weak resistance to mildew, oidium, at high humidity it is affected by gray rot. In comparison with other varieties, it is less likely to be damaged by a leafworm.

The yield of Saperavi is 90-110 kg / ha. The culture is frost-resistant, survives the winter without shelter at a temperature not exceeding -20 °.

Saperavi is a frost-resistant variety

Cabernet Sauvignon

Cabernet Sauvignon berries are very juicy with a balanced taste, shaded by a hint of currant. The variety was bred in France, but is now cultivated in many countries of the world. Technical ripeness occurs in 143-165 days. The bunch has the shape of a cylinder, the weight is 70-80 grams. Each berry contains 1-3 seeds. The skin is dark blue in color of medium density, which ensures good preservation and transportability of the fruit.

Productivity - 55-60 c / ha. There is an increased resistance of the culture to mildew and gray rot. In comparison with other varieties, it resists phylloxera, leafworm attacks better.

Cabernet Sauvignon is ideal for winemaking

Cabernet Franc

Technical ripeness occurs in 145-160 days. The unusual taste of berries is filled with different notes, in which you can feel raspberries and blackberries. Cylindrical bunches have a dark blue color, the weight does not exceed 70-90 grams. The yield is low (35-40 c / ha), but this is compensated by the good resistance of the plant to mildew, phylloxera.

Cabernet Franc variety

Merlot

The Merlot variety was bred in France, the intended parents are Cabernet Franc, crossed with Magdalene and Noir de Charente. Bunches of medium size and density, have a dark blue color with a characteristic waxy bloom, weighing 110-150 grams. The taste is balanced with a touch of nightshade.

The grapes ripen in 152-164 days. The plant shows average resistance to powdery mildew, phylloxera, mildew. Frost resistance - up to minus 15-17 °.

Merlot has medium frost resistance and can withstand temperatures down to -15

Sangiovese

Italian thermophilic technical grape with a vegetation period of 145-160 days... The bushes are medium-sized, the flowers are bisexual, the clusters are cylindrical of medium density, weighing up to 100 grams. There are many clones that have slightly different parameters of the berries (0.7 - 1.3 grams). The flavor of the fruit, saturated with different notes, adds sophistication to any drink.

Heat-loving Sangiovese variety

Syrah

The variety is resistant to cold and high temperatures, but does not tolerate strong winds and drought.Taste qualities meet the requirements of technical varieties of grapes, however, it cannot boast of a high yield (30 c / ha). The juice of the fruits of mature plants is saturated with a beautiful dark purple hue and density. Fruit ripening period is 145-158 days. The weight of a broad-conical bunch is within 80-120 gr.

Syrah is very capricious to weather conditions and requires a lot of light and heat.

late-ripening Syrah grapes

Carmenere

The grape belongs to the old French varieties with a growing season of 152-165 days. Currently, it is widely cultivated mainly in Chile, it is considered the pride of the country. The bushes of the plant are vigorous, the bunch can be in the form of a cylinder, broad-conical and shapeless, the weight is 75-100 grams.

A medium-sized berry barely weighs 1 g, but the pulp is very tasty, sweet, but without sugary. The beautiful dark purple color makes it possible to produce wines from pink to dark in color.

Carmenere is very sensitive to weather conditions, cold, shows low resistance to diseases. However, the grapes survived the phylloxer.

French Carmenere

Mourvedre

A late-ripening plant native to Spain. The bushes are well developed, have a strong vine and root system. Leaves are medium in size with a characteristic three-lobed shape. Dark blue berries are often rounded, but can take on a slightly oval shape, the parameters are average. Productivity with low watering is up to 60 kg / ha, but with regular irrigation it can significantly increase. The bunches are formed in the form of a cone or cylinder, the berries are tightly pressed against each other.

The culture has a weak resistance to fungal infections, but it tolerates prolonged drought rather tolerably, and high requirements are not imposed on the type of soil when planting.

Dense Mourvèdre berry

Grenache

A versatile variety, but most often the fruit is used to make grapes and juice. The variety is one of the most abundant on the planet due to the versatility of the vine. The grapes are very thermophilic, easily tolerate drought and heat. There are also no high requirements for the soil when planting seedlings. Productivity in dry conditions is high - up to 20 kg / ha. Features of berries: low acidity, juiciness, ruby ​​color, rich aroma.

Drought-resistant Grenache

Each variety has unique qualities that give the wine a unique shade and aroma. Before choosing a variety, it is necessary to clarify the compatibility of the wine material with juices of other varieties, then at home you can create an exquisite drink, and most importantly - an exclusive one, the taste of which will remain in your memory for a long time.