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Since time immemorial, grapes have been read as an exquisite, tasty and healthy fruit. For the first time mankind started to grow it. Now the seedlings of such a plant easily take root in all kinds of territories of the world. Kishmish grapes are not an exception, the variety of which allows the product to be used in many industries (for making wine, jam, fruit drinks, etc.).
Rylines pink seedlings - American variety of raisins
History of origin
The grape is a perennial plant. Until now, no one knows when and where the cultivation of this plant with exquisite fruits began. Scientists claim that the fruit began to grow 60,000 BC, because all kinds of wines were served at the Egyptians' feasts, which means the presence of winemaking at that time.
Over the centuries, grapes have attracted human attention, grown in all kinds of corners of the earth, where there were suitable conditions for this. This is a plant to which poems, legends, songs, proverbs and sayings are dedicated. If you believe one legend, then during the worldwide flood, when humanity perished, and Noah and his family were saved on the ark, he became the ancestor of a new generation and gave people grapes.
According to legend, Noah landed on Mount Ararat and released a goat ashore, which went in search of food. She found a miracle - a climbing bush with juicy leaves. When the goat ate enough leaves, it got drunk, bleated, jumped and butted. Noah became interested in this plant and made a plantation. According to legend, the Transcaucasia and the Mediterranean countries became the birthplace of grapes.
The grapes were created by natural mutation through vegetative propagation. Later, due to selection, many varieties with developed seeds appeared. Every year, such grapes are popular, as they contain many vitamins and minerals.
According to the legend, having descended Mount Ararat, Noy found grapes there.
Variety
The best varieties of berries:
- Moldavian.
- Radiant.
- Hungarian.
- Find.
- Rusball improved.
- Rylines pink seedlings.
- Jupiter.
- Novocherkassky.
Kishmish Moldavian
From the description made by scientists, it is clear that this variety ripens relatively late (150-160 days). It is characterized as vigorous, with ripening shoots with large clusters. The plant begins to bear fruit 3 years after planting. Withstands frosts down to -18. Harvested in September - October. Up to 50 kg of berries are usually removed from one bush. The crop is able to withstand transportability and can be stored for up to 180 days.
Advantages of the variety:
- Refined taste.
- Sugary.
- Lack of seeds.
- High productivity.
- Shelf life.
Flaws:
- non-frost-resistant;
- susceptible to many diseases;
- ripening period.
Moldavian kishmish is notable for its sweetness and good transportability.
Radiant kishmish
It is a high quality fruit variety. The bush is whimsical to care for, because disease resistance is weak. Easily transfers storage and transportation. Bunches of grapes grow very large, up to 1 kg. Ripen within 125-130 days. The plant does not withstand frosts, loves space (the distance between the bushes is 2-2.25 m).
Thanks to the description of scientists, it became clear that this variety sits not only in spring, but also in autumn. Before the onset of cold weather, the bushes are covered with sawdust, peat, and possibly soil. To avoid overloading the bushes, additional supports are required. The plant requires careful and abundant watering, you need 6-9 buckets per 1 piece. Plus, timely feeding with nitrogenous fertilizers is necessary before flowering. Weak shoots have to be removed to ensure yields.
The advantages of this variety:
- ripens early;
- high productivity;
- transportability.
Flaws:
- Harvest too large (extra care).
- Does not tolerate frost.
Radiant kishmish is a very productive early variety
Hungarian Kishmish
This variety ripens early (110-115 days), the fruits are famous for their incomparable taste. When ripe, the berry can remain on the bushes for up to 2 months. The plant is unpretentious, does not require special care, specific planting dates (this is confirmed by the description carried out by scientists). The seedlings do not need to be covered and hidden from the cold and low temperatures.
Distinctive features are usually called:
- resistance to the effects of fungal organisms;
- ability to withstand frosts down to minus 26 ° C;
- the ability to grow in any regions of the vast planet;
- digestibility by children, thanks to the precise structure of the berry;
- transportability.
Flaws:
- It deteriorates quickly when it is on the bushes for a long time.
- The presence of seeds, rudiments.
Hungarian kishmish must be removed from the bush immediately after ripening
Kishmish Nakhodka
The find belongs to the category of very early table varieties. Brings a large harvest, the weight of one bunch reaches 1.5 kg. Plants can withstand frosts down to minus 23 °. Grapes prefer to grow in fertile soils. You need to plant so that there is one and a half to two meters between the plants.
Advantages of the variety:
- withstands frost;
- unpretentious;
- brings a large harvest.
Although the description is for informational purposes only, it is worth pointing out the disadvantages:
- Does not tolerate excess feed.
- You need to grow in a sunny area.
Rusball improved
Description of the variety: a large bush with large clusters up to 1.5 kg. The plant is high-yielding. Ripens very early (105-115 days).
This grape variety does not require careful maintenance, does not have a specific planting time, and with careful care and the use of fertilizers, huge bunches can ripen (more than 1.5 kg).
Distinctive characteristics of this type are:
- frost resistance (up to minus 25 ° С);
- the possibility of growing in all kinds of regions, pickiness;
- yield;
- the fruits are tolerated.
Superior Rusball gives very large clusters
Rylines pink seedlings
The description of this variety is as follows: the States serve as the homeland of such a creation. The bushes look vigorous with small berries. Bushes are high-yielding, ripen early, in 105-115 days. You need to plant seedlings in a lighted place, because they grow on any soil, except for a very moist one.
This variety of grapes perfectly tolerates frosts (up to minus 27 ° C), is resistant to diseases and many pests (mildew). An important characteristic is that the berries, after ripening, can be on the bushes for a long time. The fruit of the grapes has a pleasant taste. It is important to note that with excessive moisture, the berries can crack.
Kishmish Jupiter
Jupiter is the result of the work of American breeders who not only created an excellent variety, but also made a description of it. The plant has medium bushes with large fruits. Fruiting in the second or third year after planting. Not very resistant to fungal pests. Ripens early (105-120 days). The common planting time is spring. It does not require special care.
Fruits have a pleasant nutmeg taste, strong skin. The plant is famous for not attracting the attention of some insects and wasps.
The undoubted advantage is its high frost resistance.The disadvantage is the size of the bunches (relatively small).
Kishmish Jupiter produces large berries, but small clusters
Kishmish Novocherkassky
The advantages of this variety, which need to be highlighted by examining its description:
- tolerates frost;
- stable harvest;
- high resistance to fungal diseases;
- not afraid of diseases.
Considering them, it must be said that the plant requires certain care: a garter of the vine, timely planting, shelter for the winter, in order to preserve the bushes, because the plant bears fruit only in the second or third year after planting. Berries ripen for 140-150 days.
This type of grape on the shelves has a significant advantage over other types, since it does not have seeds or there are few of them. What is important in cooking, in the manufacture of desserts, dishes.
Kishmish Novocherkassky - frost-resistant variety
Useful properties of grapes
The vitamins that make up the fruit act on the nervous system and help relieve stress, it acts as a mild sedative. It also contains ascorbic acid, which strengthens the immune system and protects the body. Potassium, which is part of the composition, helps to prevent the development of heart disease, therefore, people suffering from vegetative vascular dystonia and hypertension, arrhythmia need to use this grape variety.
Grapes also contain boron, which reduces the possibility of developing osteoporosis. For teeth, grapes (certain parts of the plant) are useful, thanks to the oleanic acid contained in the composition, it reduces the occurrence of caries and gum disease.
Contraindications are also present:
- It is not recommended to use in case of diabetes mellitus.
- For stomach ulcers, it is strongly discouraged.
- Grapes destroy tooth enamel, so after eating you need to rinse your mouth.
To avoid an excess of vitamins, you have to monitor the amount of food eaten.
Kishmish Nakhodka, like other grape varieties, is contraindicated for diabetics.
The use of grapes in medicine
In the old days, there were references to medicinal qualities. Healers used parts of the plant to heal wounds with pus in warriors. Many skin problems can be cured by grapes. For example, grape leaves can be used for purulent wounds, nosebleeds, but before that, they have to be washed, dried and crushed.
For acne (acne), grape juice will help. Within 20 days, drink a couple of tablespoons of the product in the morning.
For skin problems - use an infusion of grape leaf platinum: grind them in a weight of 50 g and brew 750 g of hot water, simmer in a steam bath for about 15 minutes, cool and start applying as compresses.
A mixture of 20 g of berries and 20 g of aloe will save you from ringworm. Chop the berries and pour over the juice, and process the damaged areas with the resulting mixture.
Grape leaves, a small amount of wine (pure grape) and lye will save you from eczema. first rub the areas with alkali, and then apply a compress with soaked leaves in a wine liquid.
Dishes from grape leaves will help to defeat skin diseases
Classification of raisins plant varieties
All varieties are divided into seedless classes:
1st grade: Seeds are absent or small, and are not felt when eaten.
Grade 4: Has large seeds, which baffles people who do not know such a feature of this species.
Despite the fact that 3-4 varieties are in low demand, breeders create new types of these plants, based on the fact that there is an opportunity to bring the best qualities and properties in one plant.
Grape seed oil
Since in some types of grapes there are large seeds - seeds, a useful composition is easily squeezed out of them. The seeds contain no less nutrients than the berries themselves. This oil has a positive effect on the treatment of certain diseases. But, there are some subtleties, as biological substances retain their properties during cold pressing.
Grape oil is considered the best natural antioxidant for improving the elasticity of blood vessels. Also, the composition lowers the level of cholesterol in the blood, and is used in the initial stages of hypertension. Taking a spoonful of oil every day will decrease the likelihood of arthritis, heart and blood vessel diseases, increase immunity, and increase protection against infections. Healing oil prevents heart attacks, strokes, thrombosis. And if you combine oil with therapy, then a quick recovery will come. This remedy also has a regenerating effect, improves skin elasticity, helps with the healing of wounds, abrasions, and cuts.
Indications for the use of grape seed oil are problems with the digestive system, hepatitis, biliary tract.
This oil is easy to make at home and is based on the principle of oil diffusion or displacement. The recipe is simple:
Rinse and dry the bones. Dry in the oven at 40-45 ° С. Then grind in a coffee grinder or with a blender. Fill a jar with a volume of half a liter, seal and fill with refined sunflower oil. As the seeds are absorbed, the oil should be added. Close the dishes tightly and refrigerate for a week, stir occasionally. After the expiration date, squeeze the bones through two layers of gauze and put back in the refrigerator. Do not shake the greenish oil collected from above, pour into a bottle.
Grape seed oil can be made at home
Wine from the grape variety
An extensive use of grapes is the manufacture of alcoholic beverages. The wines produced with its addition have exquisite taste characteristics and are quickly disassembled on supermarket shelves. Wine production technologies have their own characteristics, thanks to which products are born that are distinguished by smell, captivating aroma and sour taste.
The raisin grape variety is popular and is used in the following spheres of life: in cooking, winemaking, treatment, thanks to beneficial substances. Grapes are filled with vitamins that help muscles work, normalize the functioning of the digestive system, relieve fatigue and tension. Grapes are used in the creation of medicines, winemaking and cooking. Some unpretentious varieties are allowed to grow in your country house, the main thing is to provide proper care and fertilization with nutrients.
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Kishmish grapes came from the East. The first seedless varieties appeared in Central Asia as a result of natural mutation. In Arabic, qish mish is dried grapes. All varieties of this type contain a large amount of sugar. Many people prefer raisins to other grape varieties for their dessert taste and lack of seeds.
Description of the best varieties with photos
Ripe bunch of Kishmish variety
The climate in our country is harsh. Previously, grapes were grown only in the south. Now, thanks to breeding work, varieties with early ripening of fruits, resistant to Russian frosts, have been obtained. Gardeners of the Urals and Southern Siberia successfully breed them on their backyard plots.
All new varieties are hybrids, there are many of them. You can always pick up a variety of raisins that winters well and matures during the short summer. Consider the popular varieties of raisins:
- Kishmish No. 342.
- Radiant kishmish.
- Einset Seedless.
- Rusbol.
- Jupiter.
Kishmish No. 342
Bunch of varieties K. No. 342
Variety K. No. 342 can be grown in the middle lane, as it tolerates frosts well down to -26 ° C. K. # 342 has been very popular for many years. It is often called Hungarian kishmish. Ripens early, within 110 days. K. No. 342 - vigorous plant.
Large clusters weighing up to 500 g. Golden-green berries weighing about 3 g are of medium size. There are no rudiments (seeds). The pleasant, dessert taste of the pulp surprises with its sweetness and juiciness. The berries are grown for drying and table consumption.
Rusball
Average Rusbol dining in the garden area
Grade Rusbol table, early - raisins Russian breeding. Harvested after 105-115 days. The plant is tall. On powerful plet formed clusters weighing from 600 g to 1.5 kg. Brush Density average, conical shape.
Form oval berries, white, weight of 2.5 g Rusbola Flesh is dense, with a harmonious combination of sweetness and acidity, juicy. Fruiting begins at 2 years. Variety responds well to fertilization of potassium and phosphorus fertilizers. Best grown in the strong-growing rootstock.
sultana radiant
Bunch varieties Radiant
Radiant - a favorite winegrowers grade raisins. He is considered among the most sweet seedless varieties. Sultana radiant consistently gives good yields. It belongs to the middle-early varieties (125 days), the crop is removed before September 1. Spreading bushes, medium height.
Berries are medium or large (2.5-4 g) are collected in 40 -45 cm long conical bunches weighing from 600 g to 1 kg (1.5 kg). The flesh is crisp, firm, juicy, sweet-sour taste and aroma of nutmeg. Peel the pink.
Radiant Kishmish not differ high frost resistance (-15 ° C), so even in the south it is recommended to cover the period of frost. High productivity is possible with good farming practices, that the power of the competent vinedresser.
Jupiter
Ripe grade Jupiter Sidliss
Raisins Jupiter - an early variety (105-120 days), launched in North America. It is distinguished by high yields. Medium-sized shrubs begin fruiting at 2-3 years after planting.
The clusters form a mass of between 200 and 250, the cylindrical shape of the brush. Berries oval, large (4-7 g) can be rudiments. Peel the pink color sometimes red, ripe berries in dark blue, durable, not subject to cracking.
The pulp with nutmeg flavor, juicy, firm, sweet. Kishmish Jupiter has good winter hardiness (-27 ° C), resistance to fungal infections. The variety is valued for its high yield - 250 kg / ha.
Eynset Seedless
Eynset Seedless vineyard
A descendant of Isabella variety Eynset Seedless, bred in the United States, according to the terms early ripening. It is distinguished by good frost resistance (up to -27 ° C). Bush strong, tall. The clusters are dense, conical, small, medium brush weight of about 250 g
Small (2-3 g), pink or bright red berries are oval in shape covered with a dense skin, which is well removed, it will not crack. The juicy pulp is very fragrant and can be recognized by the characteristic strawberry scent of isabella. Berries can be dried and eaten fresh. They are easy to carry transport. Kept well for 2-3 months.
Advantages and disadvantages
table Kishmish
The table lists the advantages described above varieties.
| Variety | Frost resistance | Relationship to Disease | transportability | Usage |
| K. №342 | -26 ° C | cultivar is resistant to fungal diseases | good | fresh, drying |
| Rusball | -25 ° C (no shelter required) | immunity to downy mildew, gray mold | good | fresh, drying |
| K. radiant | low (-15 ° C), the winter requires hiding | unstable | good | wine, fruit, fresh consumption |
| Jupiter | -27 ° C | average resistance to fungal diseases, preventive treatments are needed | good | fresh, drying |
| Eynset Seedless | -27 ° C | immunity to downy mildew, gray mold | good | fresh, drying |
There are shortcomings in each class. For example, raisins №342 winter need shelter, showered, if clusters are not cut in time. The disadvantages of Rusbol include high yield. If you do not carry out a valuation harvest bushes can break from gravity. The presence of the rudiments of another drawback sultanas Rusbol.
Small clusters and brittle branches - sultanas Jupiter disadvantages. For raisins, a radiant disadvantage is high yield, exactingness to agricultural technology. The variety requires a valuation of the ovaries.
Features of planting and care
A young sapling in soil
Successful cultivation of sultanas begins with the selection of varieties, which by their characteristics for specific climatic conditions.In addition, a novice grower should seriously approach the choice of a place, planting technology and subsequent care. In addition, the timing of planting is important.
In the south, planting raisins is best done in autumn. The right time is the first decade of October. So that the young plant does not suffer from winter frosts, it is sprinkled with earth and covered with non-woven material folded in several layers.
In the middle lane and in the northern regions, raisins are planted in the spring (April, May). Planting can be carried out when the soil warms up to 12 °. You need to have time to plant the raisins before the buds have blossomed. For those who purchased raisins grown in a container, it is easier. They can plant grapes in June.
Grapes grow well in higher elevations, but not every garden plot has them. The southern or southwestern part of the garden will do. It is good if from the north the plantings are protected from the wind by a wall or hedge. Main conditions:
- good lighting;
- lack of wind and drafts;
- distance 3 m to other plants (trees, bushes) and buildings.
Landing
Greenhouse seedlings before planting
Before proceeding with planting and digging a hole, you need to prepare:
- Drainage (broken brick, crushed stone, gravel).
- Support count.
- Mineral fertilizers (superphosphate).
- Humus.
- Ashes.
Dig a planting hole 70 cm deep and 70 cm wide. Pour a 25 cm layer of drainage at the bottom. Add 2-3 buckets of humus, a glass of superphosphate and ½ a bucket of ash to the garden soil, which will be backfilled.
Drive a stake into the center of the hole, fill in the prepared soil and form a hole for the seedling in it. It should be so deep that only 2 eyes stick out above the ground. The landing pit is filled with water. The growing shoots must be tied to a support.
Care
A row of the Radiant variety in the garden
Pruning... An important point in caring for grapes. The yield and health of the vine depends on how competently it is carried out. The norm of eyes on the vine is from 8 to 12, excess shoots must be cut off. Cut out weak branches. Carry out rationing - leave 1-2 bunches on each shoot.
Watering... If the weather is hot, water the raisins every 3 days. One plant needs at least 4 buckets of water, more water is needed if the soil is sandy. 2 weeks before harvesting, water once every 7 days.
Top dressing... In the spring and in the first half of summer, grapes need fertilizing containing nitrogen, and organic fertilizers will not interfere. In the second half of summer, the plant needs potassium and phosphorus to form fruit. Nitrogen feeding is stopped.
In addition to root dressing with mineral and organic fertilizers, foliar dressings are needed. Conduct them during the flowering period of grapes. Use the drug Ovary. Apply a gibberellin stimulant to increase the size of the berries and increase the density of the bunch.
Diseases and pests
Leaf disease Kishmish
Vine plantations often suffer from fungal infections. For their prevention several times per season, it is necessary to process the bushes. Copper sulfate and Bordeaux liquid should be used in early spring and autumn after harvest.
In summer, it is better to use complex preparations for processing:
- Ridomil Gold;
- Strobe.
When white bloom appears on the leaves and stems of the raisins (symptoms of powdery mildew), treat the grapes with Topaz.
Insecticides may be needed if spider mites or other pests attack the raisins. In the summer, the crop often suffers from wasps. To protect the berries from them, the vineyard is fumigated with smoke or special bags are put on the bunches.
Kishmish grapes: video
Reviews
Svetlana (Rostov region)
I recommend growing Ainset Seedlis grapes. This is a very worthy variety. In our conditions, it ripens in early August. Can be left on the bushes. The grapes do not lose their flavor. We make dessert wine from it, dry it. The harvest is big, enough for everything. There are no problems with this variety. It tolerates frost well, does not get sick.
Alexander (Oryol)
Kishmish No. 342 ripens in early August. Children are delighted with him.The berries are small but very sweet. The bushes are powerful, do not get sick. I do the treatment twice for prevention. I want to plant two more vines for drying on raisins.
Gregory. (Novoaleksandrovsk)
We grow Rusbol. The bushes are tall, powerful, and productive. I like the taste, harmonious. The berries are medium rather than large. The color is white, the taste is sweet. The average weight of a bunch is 400 g.
Vladimir (Belgorod)
Jupiter is considered the best seedless grape. I have about 60 bushes growing. I successfully trade it on the market. Satisfied with everything: yield, frost resistance, taste, appearance, lack of cracks on ripe berries. Small bunches are not a disadvantage.
Igor (Voronezh)
I successfully grow Radiant raisins. I think that in terms of taste, this is one of the best varieties. The bunches grow large, marketable.
The Kishmish grape is a whole series of a special (hybrid) seedless grape variety. Kishmish grapes are bred mainly in the Middle East and Asia. Kishmish grapes have their progenitors, it is also a special variety of boneless grapes - Black Manucca and Thompson, which appeared in the world as a result of mutation in their natural form.
The grapes are mainly grown as a simple table variety or for making raisins, however, Kishmish grapes are also used for juice and delicious wine.
There are a huge number of recipes in the world using this grape variety, for example, dried raisins, desserts, red wine, white wine, salads, jam and so on.
Properties of the variety and its characteristics
The Kishmish grape is considered a seedless variety, and also has its own characteristics. All grapes are very sweet because the berries are about twenty percent sugar alone.
You can make raisins, wine, juice, and other dishes from berries, you can also just eat it, which is why Kishmish grapes are considered a universal variety.
The tastiest and sweetest grapes usually grow only in those regions where there is a hot climate, but they have the opportunity to take root in a temperate one.
The vine is frost-resistant, capable of withstanding a temperature threshold of minus twenty-five degrees, and at the same time it grows quite quickly. In winter, in particularly cold areas, grapes require shelter.
Kishmish grapes are considered a fruitful variety, with medium and early ripening. Just one branch can form from two to three and more bunches.
The weight of such bunches can reach as much as a thousand grams, starting from five hundred grams. The berries are of different sizes, this directly depends mainly on the hybrid itself.
The color of the berries can be pink, black, red, white. Small berries are covered with bloom. Kishmish grapes have an interesting calorie content, sixty-nine kilocalories per hundred grams.
Why is this variety useful?
The benefits of such grapes are incredibly large, they are even advised as a dietary food. The special chemical composition has a truly positive effect on the human nervous system, heart and gastrointestinal tract.
Basically, this grape variety is recommended for people with subsequent diseases:
- Persistent or seasonal decrease in immunity;
- Bronchial asthma;
- Caries;
- Periodontal disease;
- Gingivitis;
- Pathology of the gallbladder;
- Stomach pathology;
- Osteoporosis;
- Bowel disease;
- Diseases of the stomach that are accompanied by nausea and heartburn;
- Bladder pathology;
- Kidney pathology;
- Heart disease - hypertension, vascular dystonia, arrhythmia;
- Depression;
- Neuroses.
Kishmish grapes have a special calming feature, this is due to the very high content of trace elements and vitamins in grapes, and if there is a lack of these elements, irritability and fatigue can be observed.
Due to the simply huge amount of potassium in grapes, this variety is able to regulate the work of the heart, while vitamin C is very well able to increase immunity and strengthen blood vessels.
Also in grapes there are folic acid, iron and vitamin B12, which can serve you as prevention and treatment of anemia.
If you have inflammatory diseases associated with the oral cavity, inflammation of the intestines, infections, gastritis in remission, then grapes have oleanolic acid, which has antiseptic properties.
Also, grapes with this acid are very useful for pathologies with the urinary system, for example, cystitis or pyelonephritis. Calcium, phosphorus, magnesium and boron can strengthen bones and counteract the development of osteoporosis. Grapes are able to satisfy hunger, as they have an increased calorie content.
Who is this grape variety forbidden to?
Unfortunately, Kishmish grapes are not good for everyone. Grapes contain a large amount of glucose, so people with diabetes are prohibited from eating this variety.
It is also not advised to give grapes to children under one year old, because it is very sweet. It is also forbidden to give to people with a clear proportion of obesity, because of the calories.
If a person has gastritis or a stomach ulcer in an aggravated state, then it is forbidden to give grapes, because the acid in it can infect the mucous membrane. Grapes also have very beneficial properties, however, during the recovery period.
Planting grapes
The basic rules for planting different types of grapes are very similar. It is very important to choose the species that best suits your area and your climate.
Seedlings are usually planted in autumn or spring. In the southern regions, they are mainly planted in the autumn, but if you take into account the conditions of the central zone of the Russian Federation and the Moscow region, we advise you to plant grapes in the spring.
If you still plant your variety in the fall, we recommend that you cover the seedling very carefully with earth, because there is a risk of freezing of the vine.
We recommend that you choose the most optimal place for planting a seedling, for example, it should be a lighted place without any drafts.
The hills or the side of the wall are best suited, mainly in the southwest or just south direction.
This variety loves space, which is why we advise you to plant a seedling a hundred centimeters from any support, for example, from a fence or a wall.
The distance between the seedlings should be about two hundred and sixty to two hundred and eighty centimeters. If you have a large number of seedlings, then we advise you to plant them from two hundred and eighty to three hundred centimeters.
The most acceptable moment would be to plant this grape variety from the end of April to the end of May, at times when there is simply no threat of frost.
In such cases, the grapes simply won't need shelter. In the fall, you should start planting in the middle of the fall in early October, before the real frost.
For the winter period, the seedlings should be covered, for example, you can use a plastic bottle or plastic wrap, then fill up all the soil and insulate with leaves, or straw, you also have the opportunity to use other materials.
A hole for planting a seedling must be dug about seventy centimeters deep and eighty centimeters in diameter.
At the very bottom, you should put a good layer of drainage, pebbles or small graphy. Then you can add fertilizer.
Further, on top you need to fill in a special mixture of sand, turf and humus, and also dig a support into the hole.
The grapes will need to be planted in a very narrow hole, which you can make with a shovel handle or a crowbar. The root system of the seedling must be sprinkled with soil as carefully as possible.
The twig is sprinkled with earth until two free buds remain on the surface. Water the bush very abundantly, about two buckets per bush. When the earth has already drawn in water, the soil is shallowed around the seedling. After ninety days, you need to pinch the tops of the young shoots.
Kishmish grapes reproduce well by cuttings.You have the opportunity to prepare cuttings in the autumn and store them at home.
And in the spring, all the cuttings are rooted, and then transferred to the vineyard, in this way you can increase the number of bushes. With the help of cuttings, it is very easy to renew the vine, as well as to get new varieties of grapes. Cuttings are obtained only by pruning this grape variety in the autumn.
Caring for raisins grapes
Basically, there are no difficulties in caring for Kishmish grapes, it is simple and includes:
- Watering;
- The battle with pests and various kinds of diseases;
- Fertilizers;
- Pruning.
Watering in the summer must be very abundant. The amount of water mainly depends on the soil itself. For example, black soil requires thirty percent less water than a simple sandy soil.
According to average statistics, about fifteen liters of water are used for one single bush of grapes, watering must be repeated every three or four days. Fourteen days before picking berries from the bush, you need to cut watering in half. Or simply replace drip irrigation.
In order for your bushes not to infect various fungal diseases, you need to treat the grapes with Bordeaux liquid. In order to get rid of wasps, you need to process the Kishmish grapes with vinegars, or simply fumigate with smoke.
We recommend using insecticides against various pests, for example, from spider mites, beetle larvae and leafworms.
Fertilizers should be applied in moderation. In the spring, top dressing is applied, which contains nitrogen, so that the bush and its deciduous mass significantly increase the rate of development.
Before the very beginning of flowering, you need to add Plantofol. Throughout the season, you should feed the vine with special magnesium sulfate, magnesium sulfate and monophosphate.
Vine pruning is carried out in the first year, for this you need to prune all weak shoots. A very long pruning of branches for eight to twelve eyes is also practiced.
The load on a young bush must be twelve vines per six square meters, and on a mature bush twenty-five vines per six square meters.
Basically, the bush is formed from a special calculation of ten and twelve branches per one meter of the height of the grapes itself. However, in this case, absolutely on each shoot, one or two large berry bunches of this variety will ripen.
If the bush is overloaded, then it is threatened by the so-called high-calorie starvation, all the berries will be just small and not sweet, the ripening process will be even slower, and it is possible that the grape bush will crack.
Kishmish grape varieties
There are just a lot of Kishmish grape varieties. They were bred in the past decades in a large number of different countries, and are still being bred. They differ among themselves, the shape of the berries, the size of the bunches, color and size.
In one form, the grapes will be boneless, in the other there will be so-called rudimentary rudiments - you can grow such hybrids from seeds. Also, in grape varieties, the composition of nutrients, as well as the amount of sugar, may differ.
The most basic characteristic of grapes is frost resistance. All grapes are different among themselves, some can live in temperate climates and the middle lane, while others in hot areas.
When choosing a variety, you should first find out the properties of this variety. Also, different types of grapes can differ in their purpose, that is, some can be for the manufacture of raisins, others are universal for everything, or simply exclusively for dining.
Only you can choose which one is the best for you. Here is a list of the most famous raisins of raisins:
Radiant; Niagara; Aksaysky; Asya; Veles; Kishmish 342 or as it is called Hungarian in another way; Aphrodite; Katia; Ainset; Neptune; Paradise; Arsenyevsky; Volodar; Red flame; New; Superior; Jupiter; Amber; Sidlis; Novocherkassky; Kesha; Spartan; Gin; Emerald; Find; Premier; Potapenko; Dream; Royal; Venus;Long-awaited; Attica; Gold Kishmish; Lucia; Moldavian.
In fact, showing photographs of all varieties and giving them a description is very long and, most importantly, difficult. We will give you only a list of the most famous varieties, as well as their characteristics.
The most important attention will deserve only the Far Eastern Kishmish grapes. In some cases, this species is confused with another plant, actinidia, but it is not clear how, because it has nothing to do with grapes at all.
However, in fact, an incredible variety was bred in the Primorsky Territory, whose name is Novinka or Taezhny, its feature is its high frost resistance.
Southern varieties of raisins
In the south, the Kishmish grape is very sweet, early ripening, with incredibly large and strong bunches of berries. Such varieties are not so frost-resistant, so they are of little use for breeding in the middle lane.
Radiant raisins
This species is native to Moldova. It is considered to be middle class in ripening, mostly from one hundred twenty to one hundred and thirty five days.
One bunch of such grapes weighs from four hundred and fifty to six hundred and fifty grams, slightly loose, made in the shape of a cone with a small extension at the tips.
The berries are pink in color, they are all from four to five grams, an amazing rich taste of nutmeg, there is also a hint of light acid. The pulp of the grapes is quite fleshy and juicy.
This type of grape grows very quickly, but requires timely pruning. Frost resistance is very low, from fifteen to eighteen degrees. In this case, the bush itself must be very tightly covered in the winter.
Red flame
Very early ripening grape, ninety-five to one hundred and ten days old. The bushes are fast growing and have very strong vines. The berries are red and weigh between four and five grams.
The skin of the berry is thin, the flesh is juicy. The bunches are very massive from seven hundred to nine hundred grams, made in the shape of a cylinder, have a rich and very sweet taste.
The grape is versatile. However, there are also disadvantages. This variety is very sensitive to fungal diseases, and also freezes at a temperature threshold below twenty degrees.
Moldavian kishmish
This grape variety belongs to the table varieties. It is considered somewhat late in the sense of ripening from one hundred and forty to one hundred and sixty days.
The berries are very large, weighing as much as six grams, and the bunches reach up to one thousand two hundred grams starting from eight hundred grams.
The color of the berries is lilac, with a somewhat oval shape. Fleshy pulp with a thin skin, practically no bones.
The taste is incredibly sweet in this grape, the bushes are vigorous and can withstand frosts at minus eighteen degrees, but they require a very dense shelter in winter. The cultivar is very unstable to phyloxera and mildew.
Frost-resistant species
It is very important to note that the types of frost-resistant Kishmish grapes tolerate rather severe frosts from twenty-three to twenty-seven degrees minutes.
They are in great need of shelter in areas where the temperature threshold in winter can drop much lower, but they bear fruit best in simple temperate climates than southern varieties.
New
This variety is considered frost-resistant, was obtained in the Saratov region. Even at a particularly low temperature of minus thirty degrees, the bush does not freeze out, it is excellent for breeding in temperate climates. Ripening takes place around mid-August.
Made in an oval shape, with a blue tint, the weight of the berries is from four to five grams. The bunches are average from five hundred to seven hundred grams. The grapes are very tasty and sweet, the sugar content exceeds twenty percent, namely twenty three, the flesh is very crispy.
This variety has its own drawback, it is highly unstable to various kinds of fungi, which is two points.
Aksaysky
This variety of Aksay kishmish belongs to this type as early maturing. Ripening occurs already on the one hundred and fifth - one hundred and tenth day.If the summer period is warm enough, then its first berries will be at the end of July or the beginning of August.
The weight of one berry is from four to five grams, the color is bright pink, made in the shape of an oval. The bunches are medium in size and loose in density, are made in the shape of a cone and weigh from six hundred to seven hundred grams.
The taste of this variety is very rich and sweet; it is customary to eat such grapes extremely fresh. The yield of this species is very high, the growing process itself does not present any problems.
The bush is able to withstand temperatures from minus twenty-five to minus twenty-six degrees, and is also quite resistant to all sorts of fungal diseases.
Find
This variety was produced by crossing two varieties, Radiant and Talisman, this variety is able to withstand a temperature threshold of twenty-three degrees.
The average ripening time is from one hundred and sixteen to one hundred and twenty-five days, the fruits can already be harvested at the end of the summer period, from about mid-August to early September.
The size of all berries is almost identical to the average, weighing from four to six grams, has a pink color, the flesh is juicy.
The bunches are quite thick from five hundred to seven hundred grams of standard density. The taste is excellent, there is also a hint of nutmeg. The yield of this variety is high, and the bush is also able to withstand a large number of different fungal diseases.
American varieties
American varieties are very famous throughout the world, and they are also varied. They are used for different characteristics, and they are also used as universal and dining rooms. All have different frost resistance.
Neptune
We can say a new variety, it has been popular since 1998. It belongs to the early in maturity, you can eat and collect it already from the beginning of August.
The berries can be of different colors, from white and yellow to green, made in an oval shape, the weight of one berry is from four to five grams, the skin is dense.
The bunches weigh from three hundred and fifty to seven hundred and fifty grams, medium density, cylindrical in the shape of a cone.
The taste is somewhat fruity, one might say apple. The amount of harvest is moderate, in proportion to the growth rate of the bushes. The variety is very rarely affected by all sorts of pests and fungi, the berries do not crack.
Autumn Royal
This variety is one of the largest seedless varieties. The weight of one berry can reach as much as ten grams, starting from eight. Berries are black, oval in shape.
The bunches are quite massive, from five hundred and fifty to seven hundred and fifty grams.
The yields are good enough, the growth of the bushes themselves is accelerated. Saplings and cuttings take root quite well. It is very easy to grow this kind.
The Autumn Royal species has increased resistance to fungal diseases, as well as good frost resistance up to minus twenty-five degrees.
Jupiter
This variety is considered a frost-resistant variety, capable of withstanding severe frosts ranging from minus twenty-five to twenty-seven degrees.
Moderately resists fungal diseases. Homeland is the state of Arkansas. The berries weigh from four to five grams, are made in an oval shape, and also have a slightly blue-red color with a shade of bright red.
The skin is thin, but strong, while the flesh is crispy. The grapes are incredibly tasty, the sugar content is twenty one percent.
Seeds are not observed, and rudimentary bones are very rare. The bunches are small from two hundred to two hundred and fifty grams.
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- Very early ripening grapes. The shape of the vine was obtained by V.N. Krainov. From the beginning of the budding of the grapes and to the full maturity of the berries, 105-110 days pass.The grapes have a very beautiful, large, marketable bunch, weighing 500-1200 g, cylindrical-conical, medium density. The berries are large, weighing ...
- Not just interest, but a real "commotion" among winegrowers caused a new raisin grape variety with outstanding characteristics - Black finger (Black finger), bred in the laboratories of the Volcani Center in Israel. ….
- Seedless variety, early ripening. Vigorous. Bunches 200-300g, loose, conical. Berries weighing 2-3 g, round, blue. The pulp is fleshy and juicy, the taste is harmonious, with the aroma of black currant. Sugar content 18-20%, acidity 6-7%. 4-6 eyelets are recommended. Resistance to mildew 2.5 points, oidium 2 points. ….
- Seedless hybrid form of early ripening grapes 100 - 105 days. The bunches are large and very large. The flower is bisexual. Seedless class 4th. Veles' resistance to fungal diseases is being studied. Frost resistance up to -21 ° С.
- Developed as part of a seedless frost-tolerant grape breeding program begun at the New York State Agricultural Experiment Station in 1919. Was selected from seedlings in 1952. The bushes are vigorous. The flower of the grapes is bisexual.
- Dim A -17, early-medium, vigorous, bunch 600-900gr., Oblong berry 10-12mm., Harmonious taste ...
- Growth vigor is medium to strong in both grafted and self-rooted crops. Shoots ripen well. The flowers are bisexual, well pollinated, and the clusters are not susceptible to peas. The bunches are large, conical, weighing up to 1.5 kg, loose or medium-dense. The berries are large (7-12 g), elongated-nipple or nipple-shaped ..
- Bushes are vigorous. Early ripening (July 15-20). The berry is white, seedless, weighing 3-3.5 g. The bunches are large (350-500 g, on large formations up to 1.2 kg). It picks up sugar well. Has a pleasant, delicate nutmeg flavor. As can be seen in the photographs, in good light it shows the soft pink color of the berries.
- Table form of early ripening grapes. Ripens in early August. The bunch is large, conical, of medium density or loose. The berry is large, 22 × 17 mm, oval, pink, weighing 4-5 g. The taste is pleasant with a light nutmeg aroma, harmonious with a high sugar content. The yield is stable ...
- In a self-rooted and grafted culture, it is very tall. Bunches from 0.4 to 0.6 kg, conical, not prone to peas. Berries for a seedless variety are large 4 - 5 gr., Oval, red, nutmeg flavor. Medium density pulp, eaten peel ...
- High quality seedless high yielding grape variety. Ripening period is early-average - 125-130 days. Bushes are medium to vigorous. Leaves are medium, heart-shaped, medium-cut, on a long petiole ...
- The berry is medium-sized or large, with an average weight of 400-600 grams, cylindrical-conical, amber-pink, sometimes dark pink. Berries of medium size, oval, average weight of 100 berries is 216 g. The pulp is fleshy and juicy. The winter hardiness of the variety is low ...
- A quality and beautiful, time-tested variety. The seed buds are not felt. Used for fresh consumption and for drying. Kishmish from this variety turns out to be very large and elegant. Leaves are medium or large, 3 - 5 lobed, oval, moderately dissected, smooth, slightly shiny, green, with edges bent upward, glabrous below….
- The bushes are vigorous. The clusters are medium, weighing 300-400 g, cylindrical-conical, dense and of medium density. Berries are medium, IV class of seedlessness, with an average weight of 2.5-3 g, ...
- Seedless grape of American selection. Ripening period is late. Its name is in keeping with its status as it is one of the largest seedless grape varieties in the world. Bunches are large 800-2000 g. Berries are large 6-10 g, some, when processed with gibberellin, can reach 15 g. The variety is fruitful, but sensitive to overload….
- Kishmish Rose (Red Rose), Red Rose (USA) - a variety of American selection of early-middle ripening of strong growth. Seedlessness class - II. The flower is bisexual. The berry is dark pink, round, weighing 3-5 grams, the taste is harmonious, the flesh is firm, very juicy, there are rudiments….
- Medium ripening. Bushes are weak or medium-sized.The clusters are medium and large, weighing 250-350 g, medium density, conical, sometimes with a shoulder. The berries are medium, red, oblong, weighing 3 g ...
- The flower is bisexual. Own-rooted bushes are very vigorous. Shoots are thick, stocky. The cuttings root very well. Begins fruiting for 2-3 years. The yield is high and stable. It is included in the assortment of popular varieties and forms of grapes….
- The flower is bisexual. Vigorous. The bunch is very large, elegant (1000-2000 g.). Berry is oval, very large (12-18 g.), White. The pulp is fleshy, the taste is simple, harmonious. The ripening of the shoots is good along the entire length. The burial of the cuttings is good….
- Bushes are vigorous, powerful. The bunch is from medium to large, cylindrical-conical, maybe with shoulders, the average weight of the bunch is 700-900 g. The berry is red, rounded with an average weight of 4-5 g, the skin is thin. The taste is harmonious and crispy. The productivity of the bush is high. The variety is susceptible to fungal diseases….
- Marquis is a seedless grape variety, medium ripening, frost-resistant and with increased resistance to fungal diseases. Identified in varieties in 1996. The flower is bisexual. A grape variety with large, amber spherical berries, weighing 3-5 grams. and higher, with good care….
- Mermaid 1 is a complex seedless grape hybrid. It was approved as a new variety in Bulgaria in 1983. Mermaid 1 medium-ripening table variety. The growing season lasts 136 days….
- The variety was bred in 1969 at VÚVV in Bratislava. It is a stenospermocarpic seedless table variety. Ripens at the end of September. The bushes are vigorous. The clusters are large, conical, moderately winged ...
- Kishmish grape variety of early-middle ripening period, from the beginning of budding to full maturity, it takes 120-130 days. Seedlessness category IV. The transportability of the bunches is high. A worthy variety of raisins grapes for home vineyards ...
- The form of early ripening, from the beginning of budding to full maturity 116-125 days. In ordinary years in Moldova, it ripens in the second decade of August. Shoots of medium to high vigor ...
- The seedless form of grapes of a very early ripening period, from the beginning of budding to full maturity, takes 105-115 days. A bush of great vigor. With good care and powerful formations, the bunches are more than 1500g ...
- Seedless table grape variety. The growing season is 139 days, in Bulgaria it ripens in late August - early September. The bunch is large 480-500 gr, winged, loose. The berry is very large 7-8g ...
- Seedlessness is high, sometimes there are small rudiments. Berries are resistant to cracking, weakly affected by wasps. Recommended pruning of fruit arrows for 5-8 eyes with the obligatory fragment of extra sterile shoots ...
- Large clusters, reaching 1.2 kg in weight, have a fairly loose density. Oval berries are beautifully cast in the sun in black. Light nutmeg flavor. Weakly resistant to fungal diseases, high transportability ...
- Early medium ripening, bunch weight 450-500g, egg-shaped berry 2.0-2.5g, black color, harmonious taste. Frost resistance up to -27C ...
- Shoots with good vigor, ripening satisfactorily. The crop is medium or short. The flower is bisexual. Pollination is going well. The bunch is conical, with small or medium shoulders, medium-sized, transportable, loose, weighing 400-600 g ...
- The bunches are large, weighing 250-400 grams. The berries are medium, white (yellow-green), weighing 3 grams, the skin is not thick ...
- The berry is greenish-white, oblong, with an average weight of 9 g, without seeds, bunches weighing from 1000 to 2000 g, the taste is pleasant, harmonious ...
- Ruby Seedlis (Emperor x Muscat Sultanina). Seedless grape variety. The bushes are vigorous. The flower is bisexual. The bunch is very large, conical, moderately dense. The berry is medium and large, round or slightly oval, dark red, weighing 4-7 g.
- The bunches are large, 400-600 g, individual up to 1000 g, cylindrical, medium density or loose, depending on pollination. The berries are large, weighing 4-6 g, oval ...
