The best varieties of pears from black soil

"SILVER" YOUR GARDEN

Pear is one of the most valuable fruit crops, the fruits of which are in great demand among the population. If the apple is called the gold of the garden, then the pear is its silver.

"SILVER" YOUR GARDEN

Pear is one of the most valuable fruit crops, the fruits of which are in great demand among the population. If the apple is called the gold of the garden, then the pear is its silver. However, the fruits of this culture are superior to apples in their dietary properties and tastes. And at a price they are usually 1.5 - 2 times more expensive than the latter. However, until now, in public and private gardens of the Central Black Earth Region, pear plantings are significantly inferior in area to apple, cherry and even plum.

The main reason for insufficient attention to the expansion of pear plantations was the lack of good winter-hardy varieties with a dessert taste. Therefore, in the markets of regional and regional centers of our region, they sell fruits of Western European varieties purchased for foreign currency, at best, the harvest harvested in the Kuban, near Rostov or in Ukraine. We have the same. like 20 - 30 years ago, the traditional Tonkovotka, Bessemyanka, Limonka, Berezimnyaya Michurina are growing. It is not often possible to find varieties of Rossosh selection: Marble, Rossosh beautiful, Rossosh dessert, Memory of Neporozhniy.

But not many gardeners know that new varieties bred in Michurinsk, Orel and Moscow have been tested at the variety testing plots of the Chernozem region. These are Skorospelka from Michurinsk, Autumn Dream, In Memory of Yakovlev, Autumn Yakovleva, Moskvichka, Otradnenskaya, Lada, Ch Izhovskaya, Memorial, Memory Parshin. They are recommended for cultivation in our region. Several years ago, the winter variety Tikhy Don was bred in Rossosh. Five new autumn-winter varieties were offered for testing by the Central Genetic Laboratory. I.V. Michurin. New Moscow varieties were also recommended for testing: Potapovskaya and Akademicheskaya, Orlovskiye - Orlovskaya Letnaya, Orlovskaya Krasavitsa, Muratovskaya. There are also many varieties of pears brought from other regions of Russia and the CIS countries and noteworthy gardeners of the Chernozem region: Fragrant and Talgar beauty from Kazakhstan, Elena from Armenia, Roksolana and Winter Mleevskaya from Ukraine, Turquoise from Krasnodar.

However, it should be noted that over the past decade, at the variety plots, unfortunately, no experiments have been carried out on variety testing of fruit and berry crops: the government does not find funds for this.So, amateur gardeners in the search and selection of the best and most promising varieties of fruit crops are basically left to their own devices.

But gardeners, especially beginners, in addition to information about new varieties of pears, need to have general knowledge about this culture, which will allow them to competently, rationally lay an orchard.

In comparison with the apple tree, the pear is a more thermophilic culture, which, like grapes, reacts sharply to a lack of heat. To obtain high-quality pear fruits in the places where the garden is laid for varieties of summer ripening, the sum of active temperatures is 2200 - 2400 ° C, autumn - 2400 - 2600 ° C, for obtaining winter varieties - 2600 - 3000 ° C.

In the Voronezh region (central in the region), the sum of active temperatures is 2700 - 3000 ° C. This means that in this region it is possible to grow varieties of all ripening periods. However, you still need to know the minimum and maximum temperatures. Long-term observations carried out at meteorological stations have recorded an absolute minimum of 37 ° C and an absolute maximum of + 40 ° C. This can happen once every 10 - 1.5 years. It is also known that Western European varieties can withstand frosts - 25 ... -30 ° С, Eastern European ones - up to -40 ° С, and varieties obtained with the participation of varieties "from the Ussuri pear: Bere Zimnyaya Michurina, Bere Oktyabrya, Doch Blankova, Polya, Olya, Tema, Granddaughter-can withstand frost down to -52 ° C.

Almost all new pear varieties bred in the cities of Moscow, Orel, Michurinsk, Samara, Chelyabinsk, Sverdlovsk were obtained with the participation of I.V. Michurin and A.M. Lukashov. From their parents, they inherited high winter hardiness, and from varieties from Western Europe - oiliness and high taste.

The most important feature of the varieties obtained with the participation of the Ussuri pear is the multifloral nature of flower buds. In one bud of such varieties, there are up to 22 flowers (for comparison: in the flower bud of an apple tree and a pear of Western European varieties, there are only 5 flowers each). Thanks to the multifloral nature, a biological reserve is created for setting fruit in a pear even under adverse weather conditions during flowering (frost, wind, rain), the harvest is preserved.

The varieties obtained with the participation of the Ussuri pear, in the 3rd - 4th generation, bear fruit not only on perennial wood, but also on the growth of the previous year. Such varieties are fast-growing, many of them begin to bear fruit in the 3-4th year after planting (Lada, Avgustovskaya dew, Pamyati Yakovlev and others). Many varieties bred with the participation of the Ussuri pear have a high resistance to fungal diseases (scab and septosporiosis). In unfavorable climatic years, after the survey, it was often found that the gardens perish from the freezing of the root system, and not the aboveground part.

In some frosty winters, the soil in our area freezes to a depth of 140 cm.And almost all of the pear plantations in the gardens of the region are grafted on a wild forest pear, the root system of which at a depth of 20 cm can withstand frost of -10-12 ° C, at a lower temperature the tree dies.

Gardeners know that moist soil does not freeze deeply - at first, a crust 5-10 cm thick forms, and below it, the soil breathes and supplies water through the root throughout the winter. Knowing such simple truths, it is enough in the fall to water the near-trunk circles to a depth of 50-80 cm, that is, to the depth of occurrence of the bulk of the roots.

The pear grows well and bears fruit on rich, heavy loamy soils, rather loose. On such soils, pear roots go two or more meters. However, the roots of a wild pear cannot withstand prolonged flooding or standing groundwater. Therefore, in places with a close standing of groundwater, the roots do not grow deeper, but are located superficially. It is in such gardens, where since autumn there has been no water-charging irrigation, and trees are dying due to freezing of the root system.

BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF PEAR ROOT

The main seed rootstocks of pears in central Russia are forest pears, willow pears and Tonkovotka seedlings. Pear gardens on seed stocks are durable, but they come into fruiting late. Even trees of the same variety react differently to seed stock. Due to the high stature in such orchards, half of the harvest goes to carrion, it is difficult to fight pests and diseases in them, pruning and eating fruits. One tree sometimes covers an area of ​​more than 30 square meters. meters, but after all, every gardener wants to have 5-10 varieties of different ripening periods on his site.

Many amateur gardeners are trying to find undergrowth rootstocks for pears. But for our conditions, the latter should be not only low-growing, but also winter-hardy. As such rootstocks, hawthorn, red-fruited and black-fruited mountain ash, irgu, cotoneaster, Japanese quince and common quince are used.

As many years of experience in different regions have shown, pear grafting on hawthorn is possible, but for this you need to select a specific species. The hawthorn pear tree reaches a height of 2.5 meters. Some varieties live on the rootstock of this plant for no more than ten years.

Growing a pear on a red-fruited mountain ash is very promising in the Central Black Earth Region, where it is impossible to deal with other rootstocks (for example, common quince) due to lack of temperature. Vasily Fedorovich Zolotarev, an amateur gardener from Novaya Usman, has experience with red rowan rootstocks. His trees grow up to 2.5 meters, the first fruits appear in the 4th year.

It is known that there are many varieties of red-fruited mountain ash, so you should select from it those that would be compatible with pear varieties. And this requires work and time.

Lovers grow pears on black chokeberry. Its peculiarity is that it can grow on one rhizome in several trunks. Therefore, 2-3 trunks are re-grafted, and the neighboring ones are left to maintain the nutrition of the root system.

Ilyinka, Bere Zimnyaya Michurina, Nadyadnaya Efimova, Chizhovskaya grow well on chokeberry, but they need additional support. Otherwise, the trees break off quickly.

When growing pears on irga, their obvious incompatibility is noticeable at the grafting site, so the trees live no more than 5-8 years. That is, the gardener receives incomplete 1-2 harvests, and there is no garden.

Some "experts" from agronomy recommend growing pears on Japanese quince, which is completely absurd and brings nothing but disappointment.

For several years, the Michurinsky Institute of Horticulture has been studying several forms of pear, which reproduce well by green cuttings. The pear trees on these rootstocks are weaker and quicker than on the seed stock of the forest pear.

In the southern regions of Russia, south of Rostov, as well as in the CIS countries, as well as in the countries of Western Europe, clones and varieties of common quince are used as low-growing pear rootstocks. However, clones of quince show incompatibility with many well-known varieties. In addition, the root system of quince is somewhat less winter-hardy than that of forest pear seedlings.

I.V. Michurin, who as early as 1891 set himself the goal of obtaining a winter-hardy quince, crossed the Caucasian quince with a quince from the Lower Volga region. The resulting seeds from the crossing were sown on sandy and dry soil, from which he received two seedlings, resistant to frost and drought. The grown quince trees were able to withstand the climate of Central Russia. For its endurance, this quince was named Northern.

Quince North reproduces well by cuttings that take root safely. They tried to grow pear varieties on them. The seedlings reached standard sizes within a year. At the Institute of Horticulture with Northern quince, in particular, M.A. Kamenskaya.

However, there was no introduction into production. The fact is that at that time home gardening was not as developed as it is now. Then the quince was needed as a stock for industrial gardens.Currently, the Northern quince is sold for amateur gardeners.

According to G. Ya. Shcherbinev from the Michurinsky Institute of Horticulture, quince as a fruit crop is now grown in the Black Earth Region, the Volga Region by amateur gardeners. In the North Caucasus and in the Lower Volga region, it is grown both as a fruit crop and as pear rootstocks.

An ordinary quince can be grown by anyone who has 2 square meters. meters of land. Its winter hardiness is such that it is able to withstand frosts down to -37 ° C, and the root system tolerates a temperature of -10 ° C. Each gardener, growing a quince from seeds, can get a more winter-hardy one in comparison with the one that he already grows. Propagated by quince and cuttings and budding, while maintaining the variety. The varieties of this plant are mostly self-fertile. Quince, unlike other fruit crops, perfectly tolerates a high level of groundwater for up to 20 - 30 days. Therefore, using quince as a rootstock, you can grow a pear where the water table is close.

Quince tolerates soil salinity one and a half times better than apple and pear in the wild. Quince usually grows as a multi-stem bush. Blooms on the growth of last year. Flowering takes place after apple and pear. By this, she "escapes" from the spring frosts. Although the varieties of quince are self-fertile, the harvest is better when several varieties are grown.

Currently, in Europe and the CIS countries, as well as in the North Caucasus region, quince is used as a rootstock. Pear orchards on quince rootstocks grow and bear fruit depending on soil and climatic conditions from 30 to 50 years. Depending on the variety, pears on quince begin to bear fruit at the age of 3-5 years. The height of pear trees, depending on the type of quince, is from 2.5 to 4 meters. Pear fruits on a quince rootstock are larger, brighter colored, better in taste than on trees grafted onto a wild forest pear.

Of the quince rootstocks for grafting pears, the most studied are Anzherskaya-M-A quince, Provencal quince, Provencal clone VA-29, dwarf quince C. These rootstocks are used when growing seedlings in Western Europe, as well as in the southern regions of Russia and the CIS. The climatic conditions in Russia and the CIS countries are characterized by a more severe climate than in Western Europe. Therefore, we have always had and still have the task of breeding winter-hardy, compatible with pear varieties, quince rootstocks for the southern and central fruit zones of Russia. At the same time, the task is to study new varieties of pears for compatibility with these rootstocks.

At present, as mentioned above, many varieties of different ripening periods have been bred for the conditions of the Black Earth Region, which in taste are not inferior to varieties of Western Europe.

CHARACTERISTIC OF THE MAIN ROOTS OF THE QUIVES

Quince Anzherskaya-M-A propagates well by vertical and horizontal cuttings, as well as green and lignified cuttings. From one running meter of the mother liquor of vertical layers, 30 -40 standard layers are obtained. The fruits of Angerskaya quince are round in shape, more than 100 g, ripen in October. Above-ground part of quince can withstand frost -36 ° С, root - up to -9 ° С.The following varieties of pears, which are grown in the Black Earth region, are compatible with quince М-А: Forest Beauty, Josephine Mikhelinskaya, Dekanka winter, Winter Mleevskaya, Talgar beauty, Fragrant , Marble, Rossoshanskaya beautiful. Rossoshanskaya dessert, Elena, Leninakanskaya late, In memory of Yakovlev, Autumn Yakovleva, Muratovskaya, Pamyatnaya, Moskvichka, Otradnenskaya, Lada and Chizhovskaya. A sharp incompatibility was shown by Carmen and Quiet Don.

Quince Provencal - semi-dwarf pear stock, taller than quince MA. It was selected in the Provence region (France). Provencal quince is compatible with a large number of varieties in comparison with Anzher quince. To grow an incompatible variety on quince, use a "bridge" from a compatible variety. Ilyinka, Talgar beauty, in memory of Yakovlev can be used as a "bridge" in the conditions of the Chernozem region.The root system of the Provencal quince is more winter-hardy than the quince MA and can withstand a drop in temperature at a depth of 20 cm to -10 ° C. The roots of the Provencal quince are well branched, more fibrous, more resistant to salinity than that of MA. From one running meter in the mother liquor, 30-40 rooted cuttings are obtained.

Quince VA-29 - clone of Provencal quince. The rooting rate of cuttings in the mother liquor is better than that of Provencal and Angerskaya. Quince VA-29 is compatible with more varieties than Anzherskaya and Provencal. Even varieties such as Bon Chrétien Williams, Pass Crassan, which are incompatible with Anzher quince, are compatible with VA-29 quince. Pear trees on VA-29 quince are productive, durable, reach a height of 3.5 - 4 meters.

Rootstock VA-29 is unpretentious, it works well on soils with a high calcium content. Pear trees on VA-29 rootstocks can withstand flooding for up to a month. From one running meter of a vertical mother liquor, 25 - 30 pieces are obtained. layering. VA-29 reproduces well with green and lignified cuttings. For green cuttings, you need to use a water-filled greenhouse, where rooted cuttings are grown until autumn.

When growing rootstocks from lignified cuttings, the first field of the nursery will be the best site. Here, at the end of October, before the onset of severe frosts, when natural leaf fall begins, shoots are cut above the oculeated bud 15-20 cm long. Then, the remaining leaves are removed from these shoots and cuttings are cut. Cuttings are cut with a "heel". Each of them should have a piece of two-year-old wood. In this case, it is advisable to take cuttings not thinner than 5-6 mm. When counting, cuttings are separately associated with the "heel" and one-year cuttings, which do not have a "heel". In winter, bound lignified cuttings are stored in the basement covered with wet sawdust or dug into wet sand. In early spring, at the beginning of March, the harvested cuttings are set in trenches for sprat, with the upper ends down, the lower ends up, very tightly. Damp earth is poured on top, arcs are installed and covered with a film. Once a week, the soil above the cuttings is watered from a watering can.

After 3 weeks, the cuttings must be removed and planted in the first field of the nursery. For three weeks under the film, as well as during winter storage at a positive temperature, callus and even rudimentary white roots form almost along the entire length of the cuttings.

In order to ensure that the cuttings are suitable for budding with a guarantee, in August, before planting, the removed cuttings from the sprat should be dipped into a creamy mash made of mullein, soil and water. It is best to plant in ready-made furrows under Kolesov's sword. After planting, watering is immediately carried out, then a row of cuttings is spud with soil, a stump with a height of 5-10 cm remains at the top.Then arcs are installed above the grooves and a film is stretched. Once a week, preferably in the evening hours or in cloudy weather, the cuttings are weeded and watered. Then the film is stretched again. A month later, in the evening or during the rain, the film is removed and the arcs are removed. Where cuttings are planted, watering is carried out more often and more abundantly than in the area where rooted cuttings were planted. By August, the cuttings are quite ready for budding.

In seedlings grown from cuttings in this way, the root system is more powerful, since the roots develop along the stem of the cuttings along its entire length underground, and in seedlings on layering, the main roots develop at the bottom by 5-10 cm.

I can inform the gardeners of the Chernozem region that the following varieties of pears develop normally on the VA-29 rootstocks in my garden, and some bear fruit: Western European varieties - Lesnaya krasavitsa, Josephine Mikhelnskaya, Winter decanca; Armenian - Elena, Leninakanskaya late; Kazakh - Fragrant, Talgar beauty, Ukrainian - Winter Mleevskaya, Roksalana; Rossoshansky — Marble, Rossoshanskaya beautiful and Rossoshanskaya dessert. But the Tikhy Don variety shows incompatibility with VA-29 quince already in the second field of the nursery.The seedlings grow more than a meter, and in the fall, a swelling is already formed in the grafting site, and when the seedlings are dug up, they break off.

Of the Oryol varieties, Pamyatnaya, Pamyat Parshina, Muratovskaya grow well, and Botanicheskaya shows incompatibility. Of the Moscow varieties, Lada, Chizhovskaya, Moskvichka, Otradnenskaya are developing well, Potapovskaya and Akademicheskaya are tested. Of the varieties obtained in Michurinsk, the varieties Pamyati Yakovleva, Osennyaya Yakovleva showed themselves best on VA-29 quince, Skorospelka from Michurinsk, Avgustovskaya dew, Osennyaya dream are developing satisfactorily. For the first time, new winter varieties Zimnyaya Yakovleva, Gera, Nika grew without any signs of incompatibility. Grafted May Day and February souvenir. Carmen showed obvious incompatibility. Over the whole summer, shoots 20-30 cm high have grown from the peephole.

In the last three years, on the pages of the "Gardening and Viticulture" magazine, characteristics have been given to new clones of quince, which in their characteristics surpass the above quince MA, Provencal and VA-29.

Quince Armenian-Arm-21.Derived by L.A. Apoyan from wild Caucasian quince. This is a semi-dwarf rootstock for pears, more winter-hardy, salt-resistant and drought-resistant than quince MA. Arm-21 is also more compatible. The output of cuttings in a vertical mother liquor is up to 40-50 per running meter. Pear trees growing on Arm-21 rootstocks are 1.3-1.4 times more productive than the same variety grafted on MA. The climatic conditions where the Arm-21 rootstock was selected are very harsh compared to our Chernozem region. You should know that two varieties (Elena and Leninakanskaya late), bred in Armenia, are zoned by the Krylov State Administration for our region. Therefore, the Arm-21 rootstock must be carefully studied in our conditions.

Quince K-13.A.I. Kasyanenko from Ukraine is a scientist who devoted his entire life to the study of dwarf fruit growing. On this rootstock, pear trees grew no more than 3 meters. They begin bearing fruit a year earlier than on MA quince. The output of layering in a vertical mother liquor 45-50 pcs. from a running meter. The stock is more frost and winter hardy compared to the quince MA.

Quince Don-A-1, derived by I.D. Berezhny at the Donskoy Zonal Scientific Institute of Agriculture of the Rostov Region, is considered the best dwarf rootstock for Rostov and adjacent regions.

Finishing the description of dwarf pear rootstocks, I want to emphasize that caring for a dwarf pear orchard is much easier and more economically justified than caring for a tall garden grown in the wild.

PEAR VARIETIES RECOMMENDED FOR BLACK EARTH GARDENS

Thanks to the long-term work of breeding centers in Russia, many varieties of pears of different ripening periods have appeared. They are not inferior in beauty, fruit size and taste to Western European ones and surpass the latter in winter hardiness and resistance to fungal diseases. From the entire list of varieties for each region, you can choose summer, autumn and winter pear varieties to your liking. Here are the characteristics of the main ones.

Summer

          Skorospelka from Michurinsk.Variety of the Institute of Genetics (Michurinsk). One of the earliest varieties in terms of ripening. It is a highly winter-hardy, high-yielding, fast-growing variety that is slightly affected by scab. The tree is medium-sized, the crown is round-pyramidal, of medium density, the fruits are small, 70-85 g, round-pear-shaped. The main color is yellow-green. The integumentary coat is slightly blurred pink. The pulp is creamy, tender, very juicy, without granulation. Taste, sweet and sour, good, with a weak aroma. On variety trials since 1986 Due to its early ripening (July 15), it is widely popular among children. Compatible with quince.

Lada.Variety of the Moscow Agricultural Academy, highly winter-resistant, high-yielding, fast-growing scab resistant. Medium-sized tree, with a dense conical crown. Fruits are medium-sized, 100-120 g, wide pear-shaped.The main color of the skin is light yellow, the subcutaneous points are small, hardly noticeable. The integumentary color is bright red, occupying less than half of the surface of the fruit. The pulp is yellowish-white, tender, juicy, fine-grained, sour-sweet, very aromatic, of good taste. It has been zoned in the Central Black Earth Region since 1993. The fruits ripen in the first decade of August.

August dew.Variety of the Institute of Genetics (Michurinsk). Summer time of consumption. Highly winter-resistant, high-yielding, fast-growing, disease-resistant. The tree is medium-sized, with a round, spreading dense drooping crown. Fruits of medium size, 110-130 g, short pear-shaped, regular shape. The skin is greenish yellow. The subcutaneous dots are gray, clearly visible. The funnel is shallow, blunt-conical. The peduncle is long, thick, curved. The pulp is melting, oily, without granulation. The taste is sweet, with hardly noticeable acidity, very good. Variety testing at the Central ChR

Chizhovskaya.Variety of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. Late summer ripening, winter-hardy, productive, fast-growing, scab resistant. The tree is medium-sized, with an oval crown, medium density, medium-sized fruits, 100-120 g, elongated pear-shaped, elongated. The surface of the skin is smooth, matte, dry. The main color is yellowish-green, with noticeable green subcutaneous dots. The integumentary color is very weak, reddish. The pulp is dense, juicy, semi-oily, sour-sweet, very good taste. Ripens in the third decade of August. Recommended for hobby gardeners.

Rossoshanskaya is beautiful.Variety of late summer period of consumption at the Rossoshansk Experimental Station. Medium-hardy, slightly scab, with beautiful fruits. The tree is medium-sized, with a pyramidal crown of medium density, fruits are below average in size, 100 g, elongated pear-shaped. The main skin color is yellow, with noticeable green subcutaneous dots. The cover color is red, blurred, occupies more than half of the fruit. The pulp is tender, juicy, sweet and sour, good taste. It has been zoned in the Central Black Earth Region since 1989. It is well compatible with VA-29 quince.

Commemorative.Variety of the Oryol Institute of Horticulture. Winter-hardy, productive, scab resistant, late summer ripening. The tree is medium-sized, with a pyramidal crown. Fruits are medium in size, 120 g, barrel-shaped, beveled, smooth. The main skin color is greenish-yellow. The cover color is red, weak. Pulp of medium density, fine-grained, juicy, sweet and sour, good taste. Zoned by the Central Black Earth Region since 1989. It is well compatible with VA-29 quince.

Oryol beauty.The variety has a summer ripening period, bred at the Oryol Institute of Horticulture, is included in the zoning according to the Central Black Earth Region. The tree is vigorous, fast-growing, with a dense pyramidal crown. Shoots are thick, slightly conical, slightly pubescent at the apex. The leaves are large, elongated, short-pointed, dark green. Fruits are large, one-dimensional, pear-shaped, slightly beveled, 160-200 g. The main color is greenish-yellow. The cover color is brownish-red, blurred. The subcutaneous points are numerous, clearly visible. There is no funnel. The saucer is small, narrow. The peduncle is of medium length, thick, curved. The pulp is greenish, tender, semi-oily, fine-grained, juicy. The taste is sweet, good. The variety is recommended for the Central and Central Black Earth regions. Resistant to scab and septosporium.

Oryol summer.The variety has a summer ripening period, bred at the Oryol Institute of Horticulture. Medium-hardy, scab resistant, fast-growing, high-yielding. The tree is tall, with a wide-pyramidal, medium-dense crown. Fruits are large, 210-250 g, pear-shaped, slightly sloping, smooth, leveled. The main skin color is greenish-yellow. Covering - orange, with dots. There is no funnel. The saucer is small, smooth. The peduncle is long, thick, slightly curved.The pulp is white, dense, thick, tender, semi-oily, juicy, sweet, with a weak aroma. The taste is very good. The variety is recommended for the Central Black Earth Region.

Autumn

Rossoshanskaya dessert.Variety of selection of Rossoshanskaya experimental station, early autumn period of consumption. Winter-hardy, fruitful, scab resistant, fast-growing, self-fertile. The tree is medium-sized, with a sparse wide-pyramidal crown. Fruits are medium in size, up to 200 g, round in shape. The main skin color is greenish-yellow, with noticeable rusty subcutaneous dots. The cover color is weak, pink. The pulp is white, of medium density, very juicy, tender, aromatic. The taste is good, sweet and sour, the variety has been zoned by the Central Black Earth Region since 1968, compatible with VA-29 quince.

In memory of Yakovlev.Variety of the Institute of Genetics (Michurinsk). Early autumn consumption period. Highly winter-hardy, high-yielding, scab resistant, fast-growing, fruits can be stored until January. The tree is undersized - an almost natural semi-dwarf, the crown is compact, dense. Fruits are broad pear-shaped, medium-sized, 125 g. The skin is light yellow, with a slight orange blush. The pulp is semi-oily, sweet, with a slight acidity and a pleasant aroma. According to the results of growing seedlings in the nursery, it is well compatible with VA-29 quince. Since 1985 it has been zoned in all regions of the Central Black Earth Region.

Severyanka is red-cheeked.Variety of the Institute of Genetics (Michurinsk). Late summer consumption. Highly winter-hardy, high-yielding, disease-resistant, fast-growing. The tree is medium-sized, with a broad-pyramidal crown of medium density. Fruits are medium-sized, 130 g, rounded. The skin is yellow, with a dark red blush over most of the fruit surface. The pulp is creamy, juicy, tender, fine-grained, with granulations around the heart, aromatic. The taste is very good, sweet and sour, without astringency. Recommended by the Central Black Earth Region for amateur gardeners. Compatibility with quince is being studied.

Muratovskaya.Variety of the Institute of Horticulture (Orel). Autumn consumption, winter-hardy, high-yielding, scab resistant. The tree is medium-sized, with a broad-pyramidal, thin crown. Fruits are medium-sized, 130-150 g, pear-shaped. The main color is greenish-yellow. The cover color is red, in stripes and dots, and occupies half of the fruit's surface. The pulp is light lemon-yellow, dense, semi-oily, juicy. The taste is sweet and sour with a weak aroma. On trial since 1993. Recommended for amateur gardeners in the Central Black Earth Region. It is being studied for compatibility with VA-29 quince stock.

Pear Sannikov.Seedling of the Forest Beauty from. free pollination. Received by V.M. Sannikov. Fruits of late autumn consumption. The tree is vigorous, with a spreading thin crown. The fruits are medium and large, 130-160 g, pear-shaped, like a forest beauty. The seedling is highly winter-resistant, productive, bears fruit on mixed fruit formations, is not affected by scab, unlike the mother plant. The main color is greenish-yellow, the integumentary color is a blurred blush with strokes. The pulp is juicy, oily, very tasty. Compatible with Provencal quince stock VA-29.

Elena (Gehine).Variety of the Armenian Institute of Fruit Growing. Early winter consumption period. Winter hardiness is low, productivity is high, it is slightly affected by diseases. The tree is medium-sized, with a round, spreading dense crown. The fruits are large, 140-200 g, round-pear-shaped. The main color is greenish-yellow. The integumentary color is crimson, taking up half of the fruit. The pulp is juicy, fine-grained, sweet and sour, very good taste. The variety has been zoned in the Voronezh region since 1993. Compatible with VA-29 quince stock.

Otradnenskaya.Variety of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. Autumn consumption period. High winter hardy, high-yielding, early-growing, scab-resistant variety. The tree is medium-sized, with a round-pyramidal dense crown.Fruits are below average in size, 100-110 g, rounded-rhombic, smooth, yellow-green skin, with a blurred dark red blush, occupying less than half of the fruit. The pulp is firm, juicy, sour-sweet, satisfying taste. Zoned by the Central Black Earth Region since 2000. Compatible with VA-29 quince, but additional study is required.

Muscovite.Variety of the Timiryazev Agricultural Academy. Autumn consumption period. Medium-hardy, high-yielding, fast-growing, resistant to scab and rot, universal use. The tree is medium-sized, with a dense conical crown. Fruits are medium in size, 130-150 g, wide pear-shaped, of various sizes. The skin is greenish-yellow, with many subcutaneous points. Sometimes there is a faint blush. The pulp is white, firm, very sweet, semi-oily, with granulations. The taste is very good, sweet and sour, with a strong aroma. Recommended for amateur gardeners. The disadvantage of the variety is the weak fusion of skeletal branches with the crown. It is well compatible with quince VA-29.

Autumn dream.Variety of the Institute of Genetics (Michurinsk). Autumn consumption period, one of the best varieties for compotes. Highly winter-resistant, productive, moderately resistant to scab. The tree is medium-sized, with a compact, medium-dense crown. Fruits are small, 65-80g, ovoid, slightly mown. The main color is weak, reddish. The pulp is white, dense, fine-grained, juicy, sour-sweet. Since 1995 it is zoned according to the Central Black Earth Region. Compatible with quince.

Autumn Yakovleva.Variety of the Institute of Genetics (Michurinsk). Autumn consumption period. Highly winter-resistant, high-yielding, moderately affected by scab. The tree is medium-sized, with a spreading, wide-pyramidal crown. Fruits are medium-sized, 130-150 g, rounded-rhombic in shape. The main color is greenish-yellow, with brown large subcutaneous punctures. The cover color is carmine, weak. The pulp is dense, semi-oily, juicy, sour-sweet, with a nutmeg flavor, a weak aroma. Based on the experience of growing seedlings on quince, VA-29 is well compatible. Since 1974, the variety has been zoned in the Central Black Earth Region and other regions of Russia.

Carmen.Variety of the Institute of Genetics (Michurinsk). Winter hardiness is below average, medium-yielding, medium-fast, resistant to scab and spotting. The tree is medium-sized, the crown is narrow-pyramidal, spur-type, dense. Fruits are above average size, 150-200 g, oval-pear-shaped or barrel-shaped, slightly tuberous, ribbed towards the top. The main skin color is green. The cover color is dark burgundy, sometimes with a violet tinge, occupies the entire fruit. The subcutaneous points are small. The pulp is slightly creamy, loose, juicy, buttery. The taste is good, sour-sweet, with a weak aroma, without astringency. Recommended for hobby gardeners. VA-29 is incompatible with quince stock.

Beauty Chernenko.Variety of the Institute of Genetics (Michurinsk). Autumn consumption period. Average winter hardiness, high-yielding, scab resistant. The tree is medium-sized, with a narrow pyramidal thin crown. The fruits are large, 150-200 g, pear-shaped. The main color is blurred, occupying more than half of the fruit surface. The funnel is shallow, the saucer is shallow and wide. The peduncle is long, thick, curved. The pulp is of medium density, juicy, tender, melting. Tested since 1988. It is being studied for compatibility with quince.

Fragrant.A variety of the Kazakh Institute of Fruit Growing. Late autumn consumption. Winter-hardy, medium-yielding, disease resistant. The tree is medium-sized, with a dense, wide-pyramidal crown. Fruits are medium and large, one-dimensional. The skin is rough, medium-corroded, dry, dull. The color is yellow-green, with a slight orange blush on the illuminated side. There are many subcutaneous points, ori brown, clearly visible. The pulp is creamy, with an orange tint, tender, Oily, juicy, “nasty, aromatic, with a slight nutmeg flavor. The variety is recommended for amateur gardeners. Compatible with VA-29 quince stock.

Talgar beauty.A variety of the Kazakh Institute of Fruit Growing. Breeder A.N. Katseiko. Fruits of late autumn consumption. The variety is medium-sized, high-yielding, scab resistant. The tree is medium-sized, with a wide spreading dense crown. Fruits are large, 150-170 g, elongated pear-shaped, slightly sloping at the top. The skin is smooth, not rusty, oily, shiny, pale yellow, with a bright raspberry blush on the lighted side. The cover color merges into a continuous blurred one. The pulp is creamy, dense, very juicy, sweet. The variety is well compatible with VA-29 quince stock. Recommended for amateur gardeners.

Winter

Belarusian late.A variety of the Belarusian Institute of Fruit and Vegetable Growing. Winter consumption period. Highly winter-resistant, high-yielding, fast-growing, not resistant to scab, relatively resistant to bacteriosis. The tree is medium-sized, with a dense crown. Fruits are medium, 100-120 g, broadly pear-shaped. The skin is yellowish-green, with many rusty subcutaneous spots and spots, sometimes with 4 faint orange-pink blush. The pulp is yellowish-white, medium density, juicy. The taste is good, sour-sweet, with a medium aroma. Tested for compatibility with quince. Recommended for hobby gardeners.

Quiet Don (Elite form 12-72-8-5).A new variety of the Rossoshansk Experimental Station. Winter period of consumption (breeder A.M. Ulyanishcheva.) Fast-growing, high-yielding, disease-resistant, medium-hardy variety). Medium-sized tree, with
spreading drooping crown. The fruits are large, 270-300 g, oval. The skin is greenish-yellow, with dark green and rusty dots, the integumentary is a raspberry-red blurred blush. The pulp is creamy, white, tender, juicy, oily, sweet with a little acidity and astringency. It is under production testing. A feature and disadvantage of the variety is the curvature of the shoots, even in the nursery. Compatibility with VA-29 quince stock is low. Recommended for hobby gardeners.

Nika.A variety of winter ripening, fast-growing and high-yielding. Bred at the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Crops named after V.I. I.V. Michurin. Recommended for testing in the Central Black Earth Region. The tree is medium-sized, with a sparse rounded crown. Shoots are medium, straight, glabrous. The leaves are round, medium, short-pointed, smooth, green. Fruits weighing 140 g, truncated-conical, one-dimensional, regular. The funnel is shallow and narrow. The saucer is small, wide, smooth. The main color is yellow, with a strongly pronounced brownish-red blush on most of the fruit. The subcutaneous points are large, green, well visible. The pulp is creamy, tender, fine-grained, juicy, with a medium aroma. The variety is resistant to scab and septosporium. In the nursery, compatibility with VA-29 quince is good.

May Day.A variety of winter ripening period. Bred at the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Crops named after V.I. I.V. Michurin. Recommended for the Central Black Earth Region. The tree is medium-sized, with a narrow-pyramidal crown of medium density. Shoots are medium, straight, yellowish, glabrous. The leaves are round, medium, short-pointed, smooth, green. Fruits weighing 130 g, truncated-conical, one-dimensional, regular shape. The funnel is shallow, blunt-conical, narrow, with slight rustiness. The saucer is small and wide. The color is greenish-yellow, with a blurred brownish-red blush on the smaller part of the fruit. The pulp is creamy, of medium density, juicy, with a slight astringency. It is being studied for compatibility with VA-29 quince.

Yakovlevskaya.Winter grade. Bred at the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Crops named after V.I. I.V. Michurin. The tree is vigorous, with a broom-shaped crown of medium density. Shoots are straight, brown-red, glabrous. Leaves are oblong, medium, short-pointed, smooth, dark green. Fruits 125-250 g, elongated pear-shaped, medium one-dimensionality, regular shape. There is no funnel.The saucer is very small, medium, smooth. The color is green, with a maroon blush. The subcutaneous points are medium, gray, well visible. The pulp is white, tender, fine-grained, juicy. The variety is resistant to scab and septosporium. In the nursery, compatibility with VA-29 quince is good.

Hera.Winter grade. Bred at the All-Russian Research Institute of Genetics and Breeding of Fruit Crops named after V.I. I.V-Michurin. The tree is medium-sized, with an average pyramidal crown. Shoots are straight, light green, glabrous. The fruits are large, 150 g, green, with a brownish-red tint. The pulp is white, juicy, tender, sweet. The variety is resistant to scab and septosporium. Recommended for the Central Black Earth Region. In the nursery, compatibility with VA-29 quince is good.

Yu.V. Kositsyn

Pear varieties for the Black Earth Region are thermophilic horticultural crops that ripen towards the end of summer. These are drought-resistant trees that are unpretentious to care for.

Growing varieties of pears for the Chernozem region

Variety of varieties

Varieties for the Chernozem region are resistant to temperature extremes. They germinate well in dry climates and need frequent soil fertilization.

The choice of a variety for the Chernozem region depends on the size of the land plot and the basic composition of the soil. Horticultural crops need moisture, without which the amount of harvest decreases, and the fruits grow small and tasteless.

The most popular types of pears for the Black Earth Region:

• Marble;
• Autumn Yakovleva;
• Rossoshanskaya is beautiful;
• Early ripening.

Crops are early maturing. Trees grow on the sides, and reach their maximum height in the first year. Harvesting is carried out in late summer (in cold regions, harvesting takes place in early autumn). Fruits can be stored for up to 3 weeks, they are well transported. The first time a tree for the Chernozem region blooms for 6-7 years.

Description of the tree

Trees have moderate vigor. Crohn's wide pyramidal shape. Thickness of foliage and shoots are average. The variety for the Chernozem region has powerful branches, they are inclined at an angle to the main trunk. The color of the bark is dark green. Over the years, it becomes covered with cracks and becomes rough.

The color of the shoots is dark brown. Lentils are small, white-gray. The buds are triangular, slightly protruding, dark. The foliage is medium in size: they are ovoid and dark green. There is no pubescence on foliage. The lamina is smooth and glossy. The length of the petioles is medium.

There are many inflorescences on the tree (8-9 pieces in one bunch). The color of the buds is white. The average size of the inflorescence is up to 4 cm in diameter. The petals are slightly closed. The flowering period is average, so the first inflorescences appear in early spring.

Description of fruits

Medium-sized fruits - up to 150-170 g each. The shape of the pears is round-conical. The surface of the fruit is smooth, the skin is hard, with small dark spots.

Description of the fruits of horticultural crops for the Chernozem region:

• color yellow-green;
• after ripening, a blush appears;
• the stalk is thick;
• half-open cup.

Small pear seeds. Their color is brown. The taste of the fruit is sweet. The pulp is juicy and aromatic. The fruits contain more than 15% dry matter and 7 g of ascorbic acid per 100 g of the product.

Growing and planting varieties

For a good harvest, you need to fertilize the tree

Before planting pear trees in the Black Earth Region, a seedling is selected. If it has a well-developed root system, all foliage is removed. 1-2 leaves are left on each branch. More foliage remains on a seedling that has several roots. For one tree, you need at least 12 square meters. m: a spacious and free land plot is chosen for a seedling.

For disembarkation, the planting pit is fertilized. To do this, a mixture of superphosphates and compost is added to the bottom of the pit. If the hole is at least 70 cm deep, organic fertilizer is applied. Above the ground, at least 6-7 cm of the formed trunk is left, where the root system passes into the trunk of the seedling. After planting, the planting material is watered abundantly.For the first 2-3 years, the tree feeds on fertilizers applied to the planting pit, therefore, in the first year, only watering is carried out and a shelter is organized.

Plant care

For the pears of the Chernozem region, general care is needed. The root part of the tree is watered every 2-3 months. If the soil dries out more often, increase watering. For the winter, watering work is reduced so as not to harm the root system. Additionally, excess branches are trimmed: this is how the shape of the crown is formed.

Pruning is carried out in March before flowering. Remove broken, diseased and old branches. The cut site is additionally treated with a disinfectant solution. Too long shoots are shortened. The trees are sprayed 2 times a year. For additional protection, whitewash is used in early autumn.

Fertilizing the soil

Urea or saltpeter is used to feed trees. Such fertilizers are applied no more than 2 times a year. Nitrogen fertilizers are applied during the warm season. Mineral complexes are added once a year, after which the soil is well watered.

For feeding, use a solution of boric acid and copper sulfate. The added nutrients help protect the young tree. For a mature tree, additional nutrition is needed, especially during the flowering period.

Diseases and pests

Varieties for the Chernozem region are distinguished by high disease resistance. With improper care, the tree suffers from septoria. Timely prevention improves the defense systems of the variety.

Pests rarely infect garden culture, therefore, additional processing (except for whitewashing in the fall) is not worth it. Fungal diseases on the tree rarely appear when other garden crops are sick.

Conclusion

Pear trees for the Chernozem region grow rapidly, and the yield increases every year (the first time the crop bears fruit in the 6th year).

The pear occupies an outside position in comparison with the apple tree - the undisputed leader among domestic fruit plants. It's all about a certain capriciousness of a pear, difficulties in pruning, an abundance of diseases, difficulties with storing fruits. Despite this, the pear is loved, the pear is grown and the pear is eaten with pleasure, sometimes doused with juice flowing from the fruit. Well, what the taste of grandmother's pear jam tastes like, everyone knows and remembers, probably. Let's talk today about 15 of the most interesting pear varieties, giving preference to new ones. For convenience, we will divide the description of pear varieties into three categories: first, we will describe the early ripening varieties, then the middle ones and, finally, the late ones, which become tastier some time after harvesting.

Pears of different varieties

Content:

• Early varieties of pears for the middle lane
• Medium ripening pear varieties
• Late varieties of pear

Early varieties of pears for the middle lane

1. Pear "Prominent"

Typical summer cultivar, a medium-sized tree with a narrow pyramid-shaped crown with curved, brown, bare and rounded shoots. Leaf blades are green in color, rather oblong, with a smooth surface. Pears reach a mass of 120 grams, have a slightly elongated pear-shaped shape, with tubercles on the surface. A very short stalk, set obliquely, and a small funnel are noted.

The fruits are greenish-yellow and have a slight pinkish tan on the south side of the fruit. If you take a closer look at the fetus, you will notice grayish subcutaneous dots. The pear's pulp is snow-white, very tender, with an abundance of juice. Tasters rate the palatability 4.4 points out of a maximum of five points. Of the positive qualities of the variety, it should be noted its high winter hardiness for central Russia and the yield, reaching 100 centners per hectare in some regions.

2. Pear "Bryansk beauty"

Typical late summer variety, which is a medium-sized tree, weakly growing, with a crown in the form of a sparse ball with compact, brownish-brown color, geniculate, naked and rounded in shape shoots, the ends of which are directed upwards. The leaf blades are dark green in color, rather elongated, with a smooth, shiny surface.

Pears reach a mass of 205 grams, have a slightly elongated pear-shaped shape. The fruits are golden yellow in color and have a slight pinkish tan on the south side of the fruit. If you take a closer look at the fetus, you will notice grayish subcutaneous dots, the number of which is small. The pulp of the pear is creamy, very tender, moderately dense, with an abundance of juice. Tasters rate the palatability at 4.8 points out of the maximum five points, possibly also due to the pleasant pear aroma. Of the positive qualities of the variety, its early maturity should be noted - the fruits will have to wait only five years from the seedlings.

Pear Bryansk beauty

3. Pear "The same age"

Typical late summer variety, which is a medium-sized tree with a crown in the form of a round compact pyramid of medium density. Pears reach a mass of 85 grams, are mostly pear-shaped, with a gloss on the surface. The fruits are golden yellow in color with a slight orange blush on the south side of the fruit.

The pulp of the pear is creamy, tender, medium in density, with an abundance of juice. Tasters rate the palatability 4.5 points out of a maximum of five points. Fruits become tastier after a little "lying" (within a week).

4. Pear "Banana"

Typical summer variety, which is a medium-sized tree with a drooping, medium-thickened crown and curved, brown, bare and rounded shoots. Leaf blades are green in color, rather oblong, with a smooth surface. Pears reach a mass of 80 grams, are pear-shaped, with a smooth surface. A very long and curved peduncle was noted, there is no funnel, as well as no rustiness. The fruits are greenish and have a slight brownish-red tan on the southern side of the fruit. If you take a closer look at the fetus, you will notice greenish subcutaneous dots.

The pear's pulp is creamy, tender, with an abundance of juice. Tasters rate the palatability at 4.6 points out of the maximum five points (although gardeners note the fruit's fresh-sweet taste, but with a pleasant aroma). Of the positive qualities of the variety, it should be noted its high winter hardiness for central Russia and the yield, reaching 300 centners per hectare in some regions.

5. Pear "Skorospelka from Michurinsk"

Typical early summer variety, which is a medium-sized tree with a crown in the form of a rounded pyramid of medium thickening. Pears reach a mass of 70 grams, have a rounded pear-shaped shape. The fruits are yellow-green in color and have a slight pinkish tan on the southern side of the fruit.

The pear's pulp is creamy, tender, with an abundance of juice. Tasters rate the taste at 4.7 points out of the maximum five points (according to the reviews of amateur gardeners, the taste is sweet and sour, with a pleasant pear aroma). Of the positive qualities of the variety, it should be noted its relative resistance to scab and yield, reaching 200 centners per hectare in some regions.

Pear Skorospelka from Michurinsk

6. Pear "Veles"

Typical autumn cultivar, which is a medium-sized tree with a drooping pyramid-shaped crown with arched, cherry-brown, bare and rounded shoots. Leaf blades are yellow-green in color, elongated-oval, with a smooth surface and curved edges. Pears reach a mass of 120 grams, have a pear-shaped shape, only a slightly beveled and curved stalk. A blunt-conical funnel and a shallow saucer are noted.

The fruits are yellow-green in color and have a slight orange tan on the south side of the fruit. If you take a closer look at the fetus, you will notice grayish subcutaneous dots. The pulp of the pear is creamy, very tender, with an abundance of juice, slightly oily. The tasters rate the palatability at 4.6 points out of a maximum of five points. Of the positive qualities of the variety, it should be noted its high winter hardiness for central Russia, resistance to return frosts up to -20C and yield, reaching 130 centners per hectare in some regions.

7. Pear "Thumbelina"

Typical autumn cultivar, which is a medium-sized tree with a rounded crown and brownish-brown color, bare and rounded shoots. Leaf blades are green in color, elliptical in shape. Pears reach a weight of 70 grams, have a slightly elongated pear-shaped shape. A very long and slender peduncle was noted, set up straight, there is no funnel. The fruits are golden yellow in color and have a slight tan on the south side of the fruit.

The pulp of the pear is creamy, tender, with an abundance of juice, slightly oily. Tasters rate the palatability 4.8 out of a maximum of five points. Of the positive qualities of the variety, it should be noted its high winter hardiness for central Russia and the yield, reaching 70 centners per hectare in some regions.

8. Pear "Just Maria"

Typical autumn variety, which is a medium-sized tree, actively growing, with a crown of medium density, in the form of a wide pyramid. Leaf blades are medium in size, rather oblong, short-pointed. Pears reach a mass of 180 grams and are pear-shaped. A shallow and blunt-conical funnel was noted. Fruits at the moment of ripening are light yellow, have a slight pinkish tan on the southern side of the fruit. After a week of storage, the fruits turn light yellow with a pinkish tan on a third of the fruit.

The pulp of the pear is yellowish-white, medium in density, tender, with an abundance of juice, buttery and fine-grained. Tasters rate the palatability at 4.8 points out of a maximum of five points (gardeners refer to the taste as sour-sweet with a low aroma). Of the positive qualities of the variety, its yield should be noted, reaching 80 centners per hectare in some regions.

Pear Just Maria

9. Pear "Irista"

Typical early autumn cultivar, which is a medium-sized tree, characterized by medium growth, with a sparse crown in the form of an inverted pyramid. Leaf blades are medium in size, rather oblong, ovoid. Pears reach a mass of 155 grams, have a wide pear-shaped, regular shape. There is no funnel. Fruits in the period of removable maturity are colored greenish, have a slight pinkish tan on the southern side of the fruit. After a week of storage, the fruits acquire a greenish-yellow color and a pinkish tan on 60% of the fruit surface.

The pear pulp is snow-white, medium in density, but rather tender, with an abundance of juice and semi-oily. Tasters rate the taste at 4.5 points out of a maximum of five points (amateur gardeners characterize the taste as sweet and sour with a pleasant aroma). Of the positive qualities of the variety, it should be noted its high yield, reaching 180 centners per hectare in some regions.

10. Pear "Yeseninskaya"

Typical early autumn variety, which is a medium-sized tree with medium vigor, with a dense crown in the form of a pyramid with shoots sharply extending from the trunk. The leaf blades are medium in size, elliptical in shape, with a long taper and concavity. Pears reach a mass of 145 grams, are pear-shaped, with a smooth surface. A shallow, blunt-conical funnel was noted. During the period of removable ripeness, the fruits are colored light green, have a slight tan on the southern side of the fruit.After a week of storage, the fruits acquire a greenish-yellow color with an orange and pinkish-scarlet integumentary, very large, vague dots.

The pulp of the pear is creamy, medium in density, tender, with an abundance of juice and fine-grained. Tasters rate the taste at 4.3 points out of the maximum five points (amateur gardeners characterize the taste as sweet and sour with a pleasant pear aroma). Of the positive qualities of the variety, it should be noted its high yield, reaching 130 centners per hectare in some regions.

11. Pear "Belarusian late"

Typical winter cultivar, which is a medium-sized tree with medium vigor, with a spherical and very dense crown. The leaf blades are light green in color, rather oblong, elliptical in shape with a long pointed. Pears reach a mass of 120 grams, have a wide pear-shaped shape. The fruits are orange-yellow in color, have a slight crimson blurred tan on the southern side of the fruit.

The pulp of the pear is snow-white, medium in density, but tender, with an abundance of juice, buttery. Tasters rate the taste at 4.2 points out of the maximum five points (amateur gardeners characterize the taste as sweet and sour with a refreshing sourness). Of the positive qualities of the variety, it should be noted its high yield, reaching 130 centners per hectare in some regions.

Pear Belarusian late

12. Pear "Yuryevskaya"

Typical early winter variety, which is a vigorous tree with a pyramid-shaped crown with straight, reddish-brown, rounded shoots. Leaf blades are green, elliptical, short-pointed. Pears reach a weight of 130 grams, have a short pear-shaped shape. A very thick peduncle, which is slightly curved, and a weak funnel are noted. The fruits are greenish-yellow in color, have a slight brown, blurred tan on the south side of the fruit.

The pear's pulp is greenish-creamy, rather dense, tender, with an abundance of juice. Tasters rate the palatability 4.5 points out of the maximum five points (amateur gardeners characterize the taste as sweet and sour with a pleasant pear aroma). Fruits are usually harvested in late September - early October, and it is better to eat them in mid-October, they usually lie before the New Year. Of the positive qualities of the variety, it should be noted its high yield, reaching 127 centners per hectare in some regions.

13. Pear "Novella"

Typical winter, table variety, which is a medium-sized tree with a crown in the form of a narrow pyramid with thick, straight, geniculate, yellow, bare shoots. Leaf blades are green in color, ovoid, with a smooth and shiny surface. Pears reach a mass of 135 grams, have a short pear-shaped shape. A blunt-conical funnel is noted. The fruits are greenish in color, have a slight pinkish blurred tan on the southern side of the fruit. If you take a closer look at the fetus, you can see the subcutaneous dots of medium size.

The pulp of the pear is creamy, has granules, medium in density, with an abundance of juice. Tasters rate the taste at 4.3 points out of a maximum of five points (amateur gardeners characterize the taste as sour-sweet with a medium pear aroma). Of the positive qualities of the variety, it should be noted its high yield, reaching 150 centners per hectare in some regions.

14. Pear "Otradnenskaya"

Typical late autumn variety, which is a medium-sized tree with a spreading crown, straight, geniculate shoots. The leaf blades are dark green in color, broadly ovate, with a smooth surface. Pears reach a mass of 99 grams, have an oblong-rounded regular shape. A very shallow funnel was noted. The fruits are greenish-yellow and have a slight tan on the south side of the fruit.

The pear's pulp is whitish-creamy, tender, with an abundance of juice.Tasters rate the palatability at 4.3 points out of a maximum of five points. Of the positive qualities of the variety, it should be noted its high yield, reaching in some regions 200 centners per hectare and even more.

15. Pear "Extravaganza"

Typical winter variety, which is a medium-sized tree with a crown in the form of a wide pyramid with medium-sized arcuate, brown-brown shoots, devoid of pubescence. Leaf blades are green in color, ovoid, with a smooth surface. Pears reach a weight of 130 grams, have an elongated pear-shaped shape. The absence of a funnel and saucer was noted. The fruits are greenish-yellow in color, have a slight crimson, washed-out tan on the southern side of the fruit. If you take a closer look at the fetus, you can see the subcutaneous dots of medium size.

Pear pulp is snow-white, semi-oily. Tasters rate the palatability 4.4 points out of a maximum of five points. Of the positive qualities of the variety, it should be noted its high yield, reaching 150 centners per hectare in some regions.

We have described the most interesting and common pear varieties (at least, judging by the presence in nurseries). In the comments, please write your favorite pear varieties and be sure to indicate in which region you live. Our readers will be very grateful to you!

As you know, pear varieties are subdivided into winter, autumn and summer varieties. Each category differs not only in terms of ripening, taste, but also in terms of storage of fruits... So, which varieties can be attributed to winter, and which ripen in summer, see the description below.

Summer pear varieties

August dew

Pear August dew

The undisputed favorite among summer pear varieties is August Dew, the result of a crossing of Tenderness and Triumph Pakgam varieties. The tree is rather low, less than 10 m in height, the bark is gray, smooth, the buds quickly "wake up" after winter. Branches are spreading, slightly drooping, curved. The leaves are oblong, medium in size, dark green in color. Fruits are of medium size, ripen in mid-summer. The taste is quite sweet, juicy, with white pulp and delicate skin.

Unfortunately, it is not suitable for long-term storage, the pear quickly turns brown and disappears. It is itself resistant to diseases and pests, easily tolerates winters, bears fruit every year, increasing the number of fruits. The disadvantage of this variety is that it constantly needs to trim the crown, because of this, the fruits become smaller.

Bere Giffard

Pear variety Bere Giffard

The same applies to summer varieties of pears. They differ from other varieties with their "ruddy" fruits, red-orange tones on one side of the pear, and light green shades on the other side. Formed on a branch in bundles, from 2 to 6 pieces, and keep so until fully ripe. Due to the high yield, additional supports are often required, otherwise the branches may break under the weight of the fruit.

The fruits are tender, have a sweet taste, juicy, with white flesh. The tree reaches more than 10 m in height, a sparse crown, branches are slightly drooping and thin. The crown is brown, peels off. The leaf plate is dark green, oblong, with smooth edges. The variety does not tolerate severe winters, therefore, young seedlings require shelter. Fruits are poorly preserved when plucked, no more than a week.

Victoria

Winter-hardy pear variety Victoria

This variety is distinguished by its winter hardiness, is not afraid of drought and is rarely exposed to diseases and pests. It appeared as a result of crossing the varieties Bere Bosk and Tolstobezhka. Medium tree, 8-10 m, with a dense crown, has a pyramidal trunk shape, branches are long and thin. The variety is characterized by late vegetation, flowering. Productivity is high, more than 150 kg of harvest is harvested from an adult tree per year.

The pear begins to ripen in the second half of August, reaching its peak of maturity only by the middle of September. The fruits have a regular pear-shaped shape, with a smooth and thin skin.... The pear tastes sweet, with juicy pulp, and has a pleasant aroma. It is good to make jam and jams from this variety. But the pear is stored for a short time, in a torn form it does not deteriorate for about 3 days, it can hang on the tree for no more than a week, then it falls off.

Victoria is only half pollinated. To increase yields, it is recommended to plant it next to varieties such as Bere Dumont,

Williams

Red.

Duchess

Summer pear variety Duchess

The name of the variety, translated as Duchess, was bred by an English breeder in Wheeler. The tree is not tall, 6-7 m, with a dense crown, branches are spreading, thin... The crown is a light brown tree, smooth.

Fruits begin to ripen in mid-August, the fruits are bright yellow. On average, one pear can weigh more than 150 g, are located on the branches singly or in groups of 4-6 pears. Stored up to 40 days on a tree and no more than 2 weeks when torn off... The fruit tastes juicy, sweet, with a thin skin and delicate aroma. The taste contains light notes of nutmeg and spices. The variety is frost-hardy, not afraid of cold weather. It is also not affected by scab, but copperhead and aphids are on the tree very often.

How can you tell if summer pears can be picked from the tree? Firstly, if fallen fruits have already begun to appear on the ground, then the harvest is ready. Secondly, it can be determined by the color of the fruit, the ripe fruits become yellowish. Thirdly, if the pear has become soft to the touch, then it can be safely removed from the tree.

Severyanka

Pear variety Severyanka

It was bred by breeders for the northern regions, hence its name. The variety is medium-sized, tree height from 3 to 6 m, with a dense crown and a pyramidal trunk shape... Young seedlings easily tolerate planting and quickly begin their growth, but the tree begins to bear fruit in 4-5 years. The leaves of the tree are light green, pointed in shape, with smooth edges. It blooms in early spring, has more than 6 petals in the inflorescence /

A variety with a high yield, the fruits are strewn with branches, every year the harvest becomes larger, in the same way, the tree bears fruit every year. The pear is large, up to 200 grams each fruit, they are formed into small clusters of 4-6 pears... At the beginning of ripening, they have green tones, and then they acquire yellowish-orange shades. The skin of the fruit is loose, sometimes rather rough. The taste is not inferior to other varieties, sweet, with juicy pulp, has a sour-tart taste and light aroma. But there are not many seeds in the pear, they are located in special chambers in the heart of the fruit. It tolerates winters, diseases and pests well enough, does not need special care.

Cathedral

Rapid pear variety Cathedral

The same applies to summer, early-growing varieties. It was bred by crossing Lesnaya Krasavitsa and Duchess Bedro varieties. It grows mainly in the Central regions, but due to its resistance to frost, it grows easily in the regions of the North. The tree is medium-sized, from 4 m in height and above, with a wide and dense crown, the branches look up... The trunk is smooth, brown-gray. Young shoots are slightly drooping, reddish-brown in color, fruiting occurs on them. Leaves are green, smooth, medium in size.

Fruiting begins from the 6th year, the weight of a pear can exceed 130 grams. Ripening occurs in mid-August, the fruits remain on the tree for no more than 2 weeks, even less when plucked. Lemon-colored fruit with many splashes, change their shades closer from autumn to red-orange, which indicates full ripening of the fruit. The skin is thin, the flesh is creamy or white, sweet with a pleasant aroma, medium density. In the middle of the fruit are brown seeds, elongated.

Summer varieties of pears ripen by mid-summer, it is important to remember about their proper care. Summer pears love moisture in spring and especially during fruit formation. For the harvest to be faster, the tree needs annual pruning and feeding.

Winter

Saratovka

Obtained as a result of crossing the varieties Bere and Bergamot... They worked on a new variety at the Saratov State Agrarian University named after V.I. Vavilov. Refers to winter, plucked fruits under the right conditions can be stored until February!

Frost-resistant pear variety Saratovka

Saratovka is a medium-sized variety, the branches look straight up, the tree is more than 10 m high... The crown is dense, the trunk is brown-gray. Young leaves of light green color, oval, with smooth edges. By autumn, they are painted in dark green tones. The disadvantage is the dense crown, which needs proper pruning every year, otherwise, the tree reduces the amount of harvest, more energy is given to the formation of young shoots.

The yield is high, but the tree begins to bear fruit only in the 5th year. The fruits are sweet, firm, with a thick skin, lemon color, with a red-orange blush. It begins to ripen from mid-August, remains on the tree for a long time, until the end of September. The variety is winter-hardy, rarely exposed to diseases and pests, also tolerates long-term transportation, does not lose taste and external qualities.

Kondratyevka

High-yielding pear variety Kondratyevka

Winter pear variety, fruit ripening occurs in early and mid-September. High yields start from 5 years after planting. Gives a bountiful harvest annually, the tree does not need rest. The mass of one pear reaches up to 230 grams... The fruits are sweet, juicy, with delicate pulp and spicy aroma. They have the correct pear-shaped shape and are attached to a thick curved stalk. They are green when ripe, slightly yellowish.

The tree itself is quite tall, 10-12 m in height, with a pyramidal trunk and slightly drooping branches. The variety differs from others in its slow growth, it mainly builds up green mass. But then it bears a large number of fruits. Survives severe cold quite easily, tolerant of various diseases and pests.

Pass-Krasan

Pass-Krasan pear requires a lot of sunlight

The same applies to winter varieties of pears. Unlike other varieties that do not need special conditions, this hybrid requires increased attention. Prefers to grow only in sunny places, does not tolerate close proximity to other seedlings. From a lack of sunlight, its fruits become sour and do not reach the required size... He also loves moisture and well-fertilized soil. It is extremely cold and susceptible to many diseases.

But subject to all conditions, it gives large, juicy fruits with a slight sour taste. It bears fruit annually, does not require rest, but you should not expect a large amount of harvest from this variety. The mass of one pear can reach more than 200 grams, large pears are light green in color. The right time to harvest is mid to late October, by this time the fruits reach their optimal size and retain their taste. The advantage is the ability of the fruit to last until next spring.

In order for the variety to begin bearing fruit earlier, it is better to graft young seedlings on quince.

May Day

The fruits of the Pervomayskaya variety can last up to 8 months.

The result of crossing pears Daughter of Dawn and Late. This variety differs from others in the storage duration of the plucked fruits, up to 250 days! The pear is not demanding to care for, it is frost-resistant. She rarely gets sick, she doesn't care about many pests. The height of the tree is more than 10 m, with a spreading crown... Young shoots are rather thin, gray-brown, smooth. The leaves are round in shape, with smooth edges, slightly curved upwards.

Average fruit weight from 140 grams, have the correct shape, smooth and thin skin.During the summer, the fruits are green, towards autumn they acquire brown-red tones. Attached to branches with a strong stalk, forming a cluster of 4-6 fruits. Sweet to taste, with a pleasant aroma, slightly tart, with white flesh, has an attractive appearance and taste. The variety has a high yield, but fruiting begins at 5-6 years.

Lyre

Pear Lear

Winter variety, with a high storage capacity of fruits, up to several months. A tree with a wide pyramidal trunk, light brown in color. Branches of medium thickness, most often gray, smooth. The leaves are elongated, smooth, of dark green shades.

Pear weight more than 200 grams, fruits of greenish tones, acquire a yellowish tint. They have an elongated fruit shape, with a smooth and thin skin. Harvesting can start from September. The pear is sweet to taste, with white juicy pulp. The yield is high, the tree does not need interruptions, but the harvest begins to appear only 4-5 years after planting. Resistant to diseases and pests, but has an average winter hardiness. Especially young seedlings need additional shelter for the winter.

Patriotic

Winter variety of pears Patriotic

The result of the joint work of O.S. Kharchenko, A.V. Krasovsky and A.F. Mileshko. Blooms in late spring, white, rounded flowers with a light aroma. The tree itself is tall, more than 10 m, with a spreading crown, straight branches. The trunk is brown, smooth, regular in shape.

Fruits are large, light green in color, more yellow when fully ripe. Fruit weight up to 180 grams, has an attractive view for sale, also protects the view during long-term transportation. It is recommended to harvest the tree in early October, the fruits can be stored for several months in a cool place. It produces crops regularly, the tree rarely gets sick and is almost not damaged by insects. It is also frost-resistant and does not need special care, it tolerates scab and thermal burns of leaves. Ripe fruits are stored for several months.

For pears to be stored longer, it is important for them to provide the necessary conditions. The fruit must not be damaged or dented when harvested. Also, the pear should be dry and wrapped in newspaper or paper. It is better to store in small boxes, in 2-3 rows. The room should not be damp, too hot and humid. The optimum storage temperature is + 8-14 degrees, in a dark place.

Late

Dessert Rossoshanskaya late

Rossoshanskaya - pear with fruits of autumn ripening period

Belongs to late varieties, ripening of fruits comes at the beginning of September. Dessert pear can be stored until January under proper storage conditions.... A hybrid, the result of crossing the varieties Lyubimitsa Klappa and Tonkovotka, bred in 1952. The tree is vigorous, more than 6 m in height, the seedling has a narrow pyramidal trunk, gray in color, an adult tree forms a wide and smooth trunk. The crown of the pear is branched, young branches are gray, looking up.

The fruit is large enough, weighing up to 180 grams, dark green tones at the beginning of ripening and brown-red shades by autumn. Fastened on branches of 6 pieces on thick stalks. Harvesting begins at 3 - 4 years, the yield percentage is high. Sweet to taste, with soft skin and juicy pulp.

Belarusian

Pear Belarusian late

Bred in Belarus. The variety is late, ripening at the beginning of September. Small tree, no more than 3.5 m in height, branches look straight up, the crown is gray-brown, smooth. Leaves are light green, oblong in shape, with uneven edges. Flowering occurs at the beginning of spring, the inflorescences are white, with a pleasant aroma.

Fruits are dull, light green in color, changing to orange-red shades during the summer. The peel of the pear is rough, rather dense, with small black spots. The stalks are short, the pear is squeezed onto the branches in pairs. The pear tastes fleshy, with white flesh, juicy, has a slight sourness... The pear is winter-hardy, not subject to pests and diseases. Minus - it does not bear fruit every year, it needs rest.

Variety

Belarusian

is not always capable of pollinating on its own, therefore, in order to have a successful harvest, it is recommended to plant additional pollinated varieties on the site, for example,

Conference

or Bere loshitskaya.

Olivier de Serre

Olivier de Serre

The work of a French breeder. The variety is quite capricious, requires special conditions for growth and careful care. The tree is medium-sized, the crown is compact, the branches are directed upwards. Crown of brownish shades, smooth, slightly flaky... During the summer, it forms many new branches, which reduces the yield, so it is important to remove excess branches in the fall. The leaves are shiny, dark green, rounded.

Fruits can weigh more than 400 grams... In appearance, the fruits are small, round in shape, with a thick skin. The whole fruit is covered with red spots, the surface is bumpy, uneven. The pear is sweet, with white fleshy pulp and a light pleasant aroma. The pear ripens by September and is stored harvested until spring. It is resistant to diseases, but in severe winters it needs additional shelter, otherwise the amount of harvest in the next year decreases.

Bere Ardanpon

Pear of late ripening Bere Ardanpon

It was bred in Belgium by N. Ardanpon in 1759. This winter-hardy undersized hybrid requires special care. It prefers to grow in the sun, heat and well-moisturized soil - only under these conditions does the tree bear fruit. The tree is vigorous, with a dense crown of brownish-gray color... Young branches are thin, not lowered, The leaf blade is pointed, dark green, slightly pointed in shape. Blooms in early spring, with white fragrant inflorescences.

Fruits are large, green in mid-summer and reddish when fully ripe closer to autumn. A pear with a thin, smooth skin. This variety fell in love with gardeners because of its attractive presentation., which persists until cold weather. The pear is sweet to taste, with white, fleshy flesh. It tolerates winter firmly, but it is better to cover young seedlings.

Hera

The Gera variety is famous for its large fruits.

The same applies to winter varieties, which appeared as a result of crossing Reale Turin and Daughter of the Dawn. The variety is not particularly different from others, but because of its large fruits, it fell in love with gardeners. One pear can weigh up to 280 grams! In addition, the fruits have light green hues, which change to reddish during the ripening process. Not inferior in taste, pears are sweet, with fine-grained cream-colored pulp. They have a delicate, slightly sour taste, with a pleasant aroma.

The tree is medium-sized, no more than 6 m high, with spreading branches, crown, brownish color. Able to give a large amount of harvest annually, not picky about conditions and care. Plucked fruits can be stored for several months. In addition, the variety is quite resistant to diseases, not afraid of insects, frost-resistant.

In ancient Greece, pear fruits were used as a remedy for nausea.

Miracle woman

Pear Miracle

Another winter pear, a hybrid obtained by crossing the Daughter of Zarya and Talgar beauty varieties. Possesses excellent resistance to frost and disease... Has a pyramidal crown, no more than 5 m high. The branches are thin, look up, gray-brown in color. The leaves are rounded, dark green in color, small light streaks are clearly visible. Blooms in early spring, white fragrant inflorescences.

High yield variety, by weight one fruit from 140 to 210 grams, can remain on the tree for a long time and can be stored for a long time when assembled. Fruits are light green in color; towards autumn they become yellowish, slightly elongated. Sweet to taste, with fleshy pulp, have a delicate pleasant aroma.

Autumn

Autumn garden varieties differ from others in the long term storage in assembled form, they are not inferior in taste to summer or winter ones.

Veles

Veles pear variety

Autumn pear variety, one of the best. The fruits are large enough, the average weight of a pear is from 150 grams and above... Fruits are regular pear-shaped: narrow at the stalk and rounded at the bottom. On the branches they grow in small clusters, 3-4 pears each. The Veles pear ripens at the end of August, remains on the tree until October. It has a beautiful appearance, until the end of summer the fruits are dark green, and when ripe, they become red-orange tones. The taste is sweet, juicy, with fleshy pulp and thin skin.

The height of the tree is no more than 8 m, with drooping branches and a pyramidal shape of the trunk, gray-brown in color. Young branches are formed throughout the summer, which affects the amount of the harvest; it is recommended to prune in the fall. Resistant to frost, disease and pests.

Bere Moskovskaya

Bitter-tart pear variety Bere Moscowskaya

Frost-resistant, almost not exposed to diseases and pests. It appeared as a result of pollination of the Olga variety with pollen from the Lesnaya Krasavitsa and Lyubimitsa Klappa varieties. A tree no more than 6-8 m high... The crown of the pear is round, light brown in color. Young branches are rather thin, drooping, gray or brown in color. The leaf plate is dark green, rounded. The pear blooms in early spring.

Fruits are slightly bumpy, light green shades, a slight blush is observed closer to autumn.It is best to remove fruits that are slightly green and firm in early autumn., so they keep better and stay longer, up to several months in a cool and dark place. If the pear tastes slightly tart, with sourness, it means that the pear lacks moisture. With proper care, the pear becomes sweet and fleshy, with a delicate white flesh. In general, this variety is not capricious when leaving.

Red-sided

Pear variety Red-sided

The misconception that this variety belongs to the winter, it is not, the variety is autumn ripening. It was obtained as a result of crossing the varieties Zheltoplodnaya and Tenderness. Resistant to diseases and pests, especially scab... It is frost-resistant, gives a good harvest from year to year. The crown is rounded, the branches are slightly drooping, brown-gray in color. Leaves are slightly pointed, light green shades in spring and dark green tones closer to autumn.

Does not require special care, can grow in small shade, under taller trees, but loves moisture. Fruits of medium size, weighing no more than 200 grams... Green pears change their shades to a raspberry blush as they ripen. Sweet to taste, with juicy fine-grained pulp and thin skin. Stick to branches, on short, curved stalks. The fruits are able to survive for a long time, both on the tree and in the harvested state, they are not afraid of transportation.

In memory of Yakovlev

Pear variety of high winter hardiness in Memory of Yakovlev

A medium-sized tree with a dense crown. The height of the tree does not exceed 1.5-2m, with a spherical crown. Young branches are thin, looking up, brown-gray in color with small thorns. Leaves are dark green, ovoid, with smooth edges. The harvest gives for 6-8 years... The Pamyati Yakovlev variety is popular among gardeners due to regular fruiting and unpretentious care.

Pears with smooth and thin skin, weighing no more than 200 grams. The fruits are collected in groups of 5-7 pears. The pear is sweet to taste, with juicy pulp and pleasant aroma. The fruits are golden in color, slightly reddish at the end of ripening. Full ripening of fruits occurs in mid-October.... The pear is stored on the tree for a long time, does not fall off, and in the assembled state it can lie for several months. High yield, which increases every year the tree grows. More than 30 kg of ripe pears are harvested from an adult tree per year. In addition, it is capable not only of self-pollination, but also pollinates other varieties of pears.It greatly simplifies the care of a pear that it is winter-hardy and unpretentious in care.

For the first time the word "pear" was mentioned in chronicles in the 12th century, and sounded like "hrusha". And all because of the characteristic crunch that was published when the fruit was bitten.

Muscovite

Branch of pear Moskvichka with fruits

Obtained as a result of pollination of one of the American Kieffer pear varieties. Possesses a standard shape, with a rather dense and spreading crown, light gray colors, which eventually changes shades to brown tones. Forms new curved shoots quickly. The foliage is light green in color, with an oval shape, slightly curved in the center. This variety produces a bountiful harvest in the southwestern regions. The first harvest is formed in 3-4 years.

Muscovites are medium-sized fruits, up to 150 grams. They have the correct pear-shaped shape. They have a greenish-yellow hue, which changes towards burgundy-crimson tones by the end of summer. The skin is thin, fleshy with a juicy pulp with a pronounced sweet-sour taste. It is recommended to pick pears when they are slightly underripe, because after lying in the room for a couple of days, the pear ripens and retains its taste. Under the right storage conditions, the fruits are able not to spoil for several months.... High resistance to scab and rot, also not afraid of frost.

Marble

Marble pear fruits

The fruit of the crossing of Bere Zimnaya Michurina and Lesnoy Krasavitsa varieties. The harvest of this variety ripens by the very beginning of autumn, the first fruits can be picked at the beginning of September. Differs from others in the height and density of the crown, the height of the tree is more than 8 m... Many light brown thin branches are formed every year, but pear shoots are extremely rare. Blooms in early spring with white fragrant inflorescences. The foliage is dark green in color.

The fruits are large, from 170 grams, with yellowish-green hues and a slight blush. The pear is also distinguished by the correct conical shape of the fruit. The pulp is coarse, tender, juicy. Rather dense rind, with small dots of a rusty color. The Marble variety, like other autumn pears, is frost-resistant, not afraid of diseases and pests. The tree begins to yield only 5 years, but the yield percentage is high, the pear is able to please with a large amount of harvest every year.

Pear for the Volga region and central Russia

Chizhovskaya

Winter-hardy pear Chizhovskaya

Olga and Lesnaya Krasavitsa were taken as the "parental" varieties, as a result of the long work of S.T. Chizhov and S.P. Potapov and the Chizhovskaya variety was bred. One of the popular self-pollinated varieties in the middle lane, especially in the Volga region and surrounding areas... The tree is no more than 3 m high, the young tree has a narrow crown, grayish shades. Older branches acquire a brownish color, branches look up, medium in thickness, slightly curved. Leaves are oval, dark green in color with smooth edges.

By themselves, the fruits weighing no more than 150 grams. At the beginning of summer, the pear is of light green tones, the fruit is quite hard, but closer to autumn it acquires yellow shades and becomes soft. In this state, the Chizhovskaya pear will not hang on the tree for a long time, therefore it is recommended to pick it at the beginning of autumn. Green fruits can last for several weeks.... Sweet and fleshy on the palate, ripens in mid-August. They have a white, medium-grained pulp with a pleasant aroma. In addition, she inherited frost and disease resistance from her relatives.

The peculiarity of the variety is that the older the tree, the smaller the fruits. You can fight this with timely pruning.

Lada

Pear Lada belongs to the early summer varieties

The result of crossing the varieties Lesnaya Krasavitsa and Olga, a variety suitable for planting in the middle lane. Differs in early maturity of fruits, you can taste fresh fruits already in the middle of summer... Lada is frost-resistant, is not susceptible to diseases and pests, and gives a rich harvest every year. A tree with a branchy crown, branches slightly drooping, looking down.The height of the tree is not more than 3 m, with a pyramidal trunk, closely gray in color. Leaves are shiny, smooth, dark green tones. It winters well enough even in the most severe winters, is resistant to diseases, partially self-fertile.

Medium-sized fruits, no more than 100 grams, light green tones with thin skin. Closer to ripening, the fruits give in yellow tones, become soft to the touch. It is important to take the moment to remove the fruits from the tree, otherwise they become soft, covered with rusty spots and fall off. The fruit is attached to the branches in pairs on short stalks. It tastes sweet, with a slight hint of sourness and can be stored for a long time when torn off, especially in a cool place.

Bessemyanka

Pear Bessemyanka belongs to high-yielding varieties

Popular and quite interesting for planting, especially spread in the Central regions, it also grows well in the middle lane. The tree is vigorous, the growth rate is fast, it yields consistently, does not need rest. The yield is high, more than 50 kg of fruits are harvested per year. The tree is more than 6 m high, with spreading and curved branches. Leaves are oval, dark green in color, with rounded edges. The variety is also resistant to frost, but prone to scab and other diseases.

Annually it pleases with a large amount of harvest, although the fruits are rather small, more like apples. Light green in color, firm when ripe, the fruits turn yellow and soft when ripe. Attached to branches, one fruit on short stalks. Ripening occurs at the end of summer, when the fruits become yellowish.... Does not last long on the tree, quickly falls off. In addition, it does not lie for long and in a torn form, no more than 2-3 weeks.

In Europe, until the moment when tobacco was introduced, crushed pear leaves were used for smoking.

Skorospelka from Michurinsk

Pear Skorospelka from Michurinsk

This variety breaks all records for the speed of fruit ripening. Bred by IV Michurin, as a result of crossing the varieties Citron de Carme and Bere Ligel. It belongs to the early varieties of pear, the harvest ripens by the middle of summer... It is a tall tree, the shape of the trunk is pyramidal, light brown in color.

Fruits no more than 90 grams, green in summer, acquire a yellow tint when fully ripe. Small fruits are offset by taste: sweet, juicy, this pear is loved not only by gardeners, but bees and birds. Therefore, it is better to collect them when they are a little hard, they are stored for no more than a week. The tree itself is winter-hardy, with a dense crown, resistant to diseases and pests.

Allegro

Pear variety for the middle Allegro strip

Bred thanks to artificial pollination of the Osennyaya Yakovleva variety. Another variety for the middle lane, which bears fruit annually, is unpretentious in care, resistant to disease and severe cold. Fruiting begins at the age of 3 years, over time, the fruits become larger in size. Medium-sized tree, more than 5 m high, with a lowered crown. The branches are curved, light gray, the leaves are slightly elongated, closely green in color.

A pear weighing from 120 grams with a thick skin, but juicy and sweet pulp, with a spicy aroma. Correct pear-shaped, slightly elongated fruits. They are attached to the branches with a thick stalk, grow on a branch one by one. Ripening occurs at the beginning of August., the fruits turn yellowish-red and become soft. The variety is not stored for a long time, ripe fruits hang on the tree for no more than 2 weeks, but when assembled they can lie for more than a month.

The middle zone of Russia has a special climate that is not suitable for growing all varieties of pears. There are pronounced hot summers, severe winters, and transitional periods with a lot of precipitation. Only those who “love” this weather can grow and bear fruit here, and proper care will ensure a greater pear yield.

Garden varieties for the Moscow region, description

Prominent or Bumpy

Pear variety Bumpy

A pear variety that has long been loved by the Moscow region. A tree no more than 5 m high, with a fairly spreading young crown, which subsequently takes on a pyramidal shape. During the summer, the tree forms many young branches, which must be cut in the fall, otherwise the fruits will become smaller. The leaf plate is elongated, with light streaks, dark green in color. Blooms in early spring, many white inflorescences with a pleasant aroma.

Fruiting begins in the 5th year, fruits of medium size, regular pear-shaped. The color is greenish-yellow during the summer, with a red tint closer to autumn. Fruits with thick skin and coarse white flesh... Sweet and juicy on the palate, with a pleasant aroma. When harvested, it can last for several months, but it is recommended to harvest the fruits in mid-August, when the fruits are quite hard and slightly underripe.

Tenderness

Hybrid variety Tenderness

The variety obtained as a result of crossing Tyoma and Lyubimitsa Klapp. A particularly large amount of crops gives in the Volga region, the middle lane and in the Moscow region... The tree is medium-sized, no more than 4 m in height, with a sparse crown. The branches are thin, light gray. The tree blooms in mid-spring, white, small inflorescences. The leaves are round, with smooth edges, smooth. Frost-resistant, capable of bearing fruit annually. It prefers to grow in sunny areas, is resistant to diseases, is not afraid of pests, so growing this variety will not be difficult.

Fruits are large, weighing more than 200 grams with a regular pear-shaped fruit... The pear tastes soft, juicy, coarse-grained with a pleasant aroma. Attached to branches with short stalks. In the middle of the fruit is a chamber with brown seeds. The fruits of this pear are preserved for a long time both on the tree and in the harvested form, especially at a temperature of 0 degrees.

The pear tree is not capable of deforming, which is why, for example, rulers for architects are made from it.

Fabulous

Pear Fairy is characterized as a tall and very productive variety.

It got its name from the beautiful fruits. Obtained as a result of crossing the varieties Powislaya and Tenderness. The pear has a high yield, more than 30 kg of ripe fruits are harvested from one adult tree per season... The height of the tree reaches 4 m, the branches are dense, thin with a gray-brown crown. The leaf plate is smooth, rather small, of green shades, with small teeth along the edges.

When the pear ripens, it becomes yellow-reddish on one side and greenish on the other. Has the correct shape of the fruit, moreover one pear can weigh over 150 grams... The pulp of the pear is white, fleshy, medium-grained. In the center of the fruit are chambers with dark brown seeds. It tolerates diseases steadily, is not afraid of frost, seedlings easily take root in a new place.

Vera Yellow

Vera Yellow

Another suitable variety for planting in the Moscow region. A tree with a height of more than 6 m, with a pyramidal shape of the trunk, with erect branches of a brown-brown color... Young leaves of light green tones, by autumn change color to dark green shades. Frost-resistant, does not need special care. The pear ripens in mid-September. It differs from others in that it has declines in yield, the fruits become smaller, but after a couple of years the pear again pleases with a large harvest.

Fruits have green hues throughout the summer, but change to yellow-orange colors closer to autumn. Fastens on short stalks, grows 2-3 pears in a bunch... To the taste, the pear is fragrant and fleshy, medium-grained pulp with a thin skin. Good storage capacity, especially in a cool place.

Elegant Efimova

Variety Dressy Efimova

It turned out as a result of crossing the varieties Lyubimitsa Klappa and Tonkovotka.It grows well and gives a rich harvest in the Central Region, the Moscow Region and other nearby regions. High-yielding, winter-hardy, not subject to pests and diseases... The tree is tall, more than 5 m in height, with a dense crown, dark brown, pyramidal in shape. The leaves are small, dark green in color, with smooth edges.

Beautiful appearance of the fruit, red-orange tones are intertwined with green shades. But the fruits are small in size, weighing no more than 120 grams, regular, slightly distant shape. Soft, juicy pulp with a pleasant sweet aroma. The thin skin of the pear is prone to dark spots during the summer. Fruits ripen at the end of August, overripe quickly, so it is better to collect them a little hard, and it is recommended to store them in a cool and dark place.

Venus

Pear venus

Another popular variety for planting, due to its winter hardiness and unpretentious care. Tree no more than 4m high, the crown is quite spreading, young branches are slightly lowered down, light brown in color. The variety blooms in early spring with white inflorescences with a sweet aroma. The variety also differs in high productivity, an adult tree is capable of producing more than 40 kg of harvest over the summer. Does not need rest, is able to bear fruit annually. In addition, the variety tolerates frosts, diseases and pests quite steadily.

The variety ripens in early autumn, the fruits are large, weighing up to 200 grams... Red-yellow in color, green tones when ripe. The taste is soft, juicy, slightly sour with a thin skin. They are stored for a long time both on the tree and when assembled.

Regardless of the specific variety, of which there are a great many today, the main thing in a pear is its taste and useful microelements, which are so abundant in ripe fruits. Winter, summer and autumn varieties differ from each other not only in taste, but also in the speed of fruit ripening., features of care, and the ability to preserve the fruit. Which variety to choose is up to you.