The best white wines

There are many varieties of white grapes. There are many more varieties of white wine, because in addition to mixing different grapes, in order to make dry white wines can use the juice of both red and black berries.

Highlighting the best white wines isn't easy, and a list of the most popular grapes looks like this:

Sauvignon Blanc - pretty versatile. It is grown in Europe, Australia, Chile, South Africa. This grape variety is used as a base for many wines. Most often it is, of course, the drink of the same name - Sauvignon Blanc. This wine can be not only dry, but also semi-sweet. And also, for example, in the province of Bordeaux, this grape is very successfully used in other mixed dry wines.

France produces the best white wines of the Sauvignon Blanc variety. Sancerre La Moussiere, Sancerre Les Romains, Sancerre Generation XIX are undoubtedly some of the best. If you are looking for something new, then you should try the products of New Zealand's Cloudy Bay, The 3 Stones and The Crossings.

Chardonnay Is a grape variety that can confidently be called a classic for dry white wines. It is grown all over the world. The drink is obtained from it dry, medium or high strength. Most often, these wines are drunk young. Dry white wines of this type are flexible - their taste and bouquet is varied and depends on many factors.

At the last wine competition Chardonnay, the five stars looked like this:

1. Chablis "Croix aux Moines" 2010 from Domaine Denis Pommier (France)
2. Champagne Pierre Moncuit - Vieille Vignes 2004 by Champagne Pierre Moncuit (France)
3. Chablis 2010 by Maison Laroche (France)
4. Chardonnay vber z Hroznu 2008 from Vinarstvi Josef Valihrach (Czech Republic)
5. Vin de Pays d`Oc "Villa Blanche Chardonnay" 2011 from Jjoseph (France)

Gruner Veltliner Is a truly hot grape variety that grows primarily in Australia. It is used to make both budget and vintage dry white wines, which differ in the content of a small amount of carbon dioxide. The best examples are dry and strong emeralds, which are distinguished by a complex bouquet. The best producers of white dry wines in Australia Weingut Brundelmeier and Knoll use this variety as the basis of production.

Riesling - a variety from which excellent high acidity wines are made. They don't need long exposure. These wines are rarely strong.

Austria and Germany Are the cold-blooded parents of the best Rieslings. The best German examples are produced on the banks of the Saar (Egon Muller, Schlofi Saarstein, Von Kesselstatt) and Moselle (J.J. Pram, Reinhold Haart, Geheimrat J. Wegeler, Fritz Haag, Dr. Loosen, Max Ferd. Richter).

Gewurztraminer - a variety that must be remembered for those who are just beginning to explore the endless world of wine. It is fairly easy to remember and recognize in the future. This variety is quite difficult to grow.

The best dry white wines from this grape is produced in Alsace (Trimbach, Hugel, Deiss, Faller, Mann, Schlumberge), where it is most. But in the homeland of the variety, in Italy, you can find good samples, for example, Tarmin producers (Tramin Termeno, Cesconi, Maso Furli, La Vis).

It's nice to get together with friends or family and have a chat over a glass of wine. This is one of the most popular alcoholic beverages, which is good for the human body in moderation.

For example, wine improves the functioning of the cardiovascular system, lowers blood cholesterol levels, and prevents the development of cancer. And this is by no means an exhaustive list of the beneficial properties of this noble drink. By the way, preference should be given to dry or semi-dry wine. It is considered the most useful.

Wine comes in many varieties. It is very easy to get lost in the variety of assortment that is presented in any liquor store, restaurant or cafe.

We have collected extremely useful information on 9 of the most popular wines - it will help you learn how to choose a wine, almost like a real sommelier.

1. Pinot noir

Peculiarities

Pinot noir is a piercing, complex, bright taste and aroma. At first glance, there is nothing remarkable about this wine. Outwardly, it is pale, and in some variations it is completely transparent. But the highlight of this wine is not its color. The scent is what firmly binds fans to Pinot Noir. The wine unfolds gradually and according to a complex scheme: from berry, for example, cherry or blueberry notes to a whole group of smells of an autumn forest. These wines perfectly complement delicious food.

What food goes well with

Pinot noir is exactly the kind of wine that goes well with food and helps lunch or dinner acquire notes of sophistication and completeness. The ideal company for this type of wine will be meat with a rich taste and aroma, dense poultry (such as game birds) and dense fish (for example, tuna). Pinot noir goes well with Italian cuisine, and especially with pasta.

2. Sauvignon blanc

Peculiarities

Sauvignon blanc has clear and bright fruit flavors. There are 2 main bouquets of tastes and aromas. The first gives off more peaches, apricots, exotic fruits, and the second - citrus fruits (lemon, lime, grapefruit) and their zest. Both bouquets also include herbaceous aromas: lemongrass, freshly cut grass, meadow scent.

Sauvignon blanc is great for summer and is easy to drink a lot, especially when chilled. The French Loire is rightfully considered the world center for making sauvignon blanc. By the way, as for the wine from the Loire, its aroma is characterized by the tone of cat urine. In the conservative wine world, many jokes are made on this topic, which, however, does not prevent Sauvignon Blanc from remaining one of the most popular wines.

What food goes well with

This wine has an amazing gastronomic combination. It goes perfectly with any seafood and fish. Also try Sauvignon Blanc with French cheeses - you will definitely be impressed. Moreover, this white wine perfectly complements vegetable and fruit salads, especially with the addition of exotic fruits.

3. Shiraz

Peculiarities

Shiraz is also called "sira" in another way. The difference is only in pronunciation. But a lot depends on the origin of this wine. The European and American views on what a shiraz should be are noticeably different.

Thus, European versions may seem heavier than American ones, but their fruit and berry component is more balanced and less intrusive due to notes of smoke, flowers and more pronounced minerality. The main berries, the aroma of which can be easily caught in shiraz, are blackberries and blueberries. Rarely does a business go without allspice black pepper.

What food goes well with

If you decide to drink a couple of glasses of shiraz on the weekend, then you should take a responsible attitude to the choice of dishes for it. This is a rather finicky wine. It opens successfully with meat. It will be even better if it is grilled. Wines dominated by berry aromas will perfectly complement berry pies.

In general, the main rule that should be followed when choosing food for shiraz is: the food should have a rich and powerful taste. Add more spices and herbs. Experiment with chocolate that's over 70% cocoa.

4. Riesling

Peculiarities

This wine has a rather complex taste and aroma, but at the same time appears before fans in the form of a paradoxical and multifaceted drink. This variety is not at all thermophilic, therefore it is not produced in hot countries. The palm in the production of this wine is shared by Germany and Austria.

Rieslings vary markedly in the amount of sugar they contain. The key highlight is the acidity of this wine. Thus, Riesling will definitely not be sugary.The composition of the wine is considered balanced and fluctuates on the verge of sweetness and freshness.

What food goes well with

Dry versions of Riesling, in which the sugar content tends to zero, goes well with vegetables, mushrooms, chicken, turkey, tender veal and seafood, and also complements all kinds of spices and herbs.

The sweet versions are rather self-contained and do not require any food supplement. If you really want to chew something, then preference should be given to the most light and unobtrusive snacks.

5. Cabernet

Peculiarities

Cabernet is the most popular wine in the world. It is not surprising that there are many variations of it, and everyone has their own point of view on taste, aroma and basic characteristics of cabernet. The French region of Bordeaux is considered the leader in the production of cabernet. It was the local winemakers who managed to make a sensual, powerful and exciting drink. In general, Cabernet is an unpretentious wine variety that is grown in many countries. Californian cabernet stands apart - Americans position their wines as pure and varietal.

The taste and aroma are significantly influenced by the age of the wine. It is difficult to distinguish notes in a young Cabernet. Most likely, it will simply give off a berry-fruity bouquet and hit the receptors with tannins, creating a tart and astringent sensation in the mouth. Older wine opens up much more effectively. In it, you can already separate the aromas of black currant, blackberry, raspberry, plum, and even catch the smells of leather, earth and spices.

Cabernet is a wine that is measured by ratings. Quality wine actually ranks high in the ratings, and there is no deception here.

What food goes well with

Cabernet goes well with almost any red meat. You can not spare spices and herbs. The combination of cabernet with lamb, venison, goose or duck meat will be the most delicious. It will also perfectly complement all Italian dishes: pasta, lasagne, pizza and salads.

6. Chardonnay

Peculiarities

Chardonnay is the most versatile, versatile and versatile wine in the world. Sometimes it doesn't even look like itself. An uncomplicated fruity bouquet with a vanilla flavor, a rich standard of tart white wine - these are all Chardonnay. This wine is very whimsical. Luck is especially important here, and mistakes are catastrophic. Burgundy vineyards and California are the most popular places for chardonnay production.

By the way, in the case of chardonnay, a lot depends on the endurance. If the wine was aged in a barrel, then it should have a rich, refined and intense taste and aroma. There is also another way. It is more economical in terms of time and resources. Some winemakers pass the drink through vats of oak chips. This gives the drink a distinct vanilla flavor. This method has already lost its popularity and relevance, but if you come across just such a copy, then just cool it better. Chardonnay is also used to make delicious blanc de blancs champagne with a rich fruity taste.

What food goes well with

Due to the fact that the flavors of chardonnay often vary significantly within the same variety, there is no universal list of dishes that it successfully complements. It all depends on the taste and aroma. So, the Burgundy version, which is famous for its minerality and creaminess, goes well with creamy sauce, tender veal and even smoked fish. Lighter, fruity versions can be enjoyed with fruit tarts and Asian-spiced dishes. Hear what your taste buds are telling you.

7. Gruner Veltliner

Peculiarities

Gruner comes in all sorts of variations. It can either have a viscous, powerful, rich taste, or be a light dessert wine. Among the main and most memorable tones in the gruner are white stone fruits (peach, nectarine, apricot), citrus fruits and spices (white and pink pepper, ginger).

As for the place of its production, this variety is firmly associated with only one region on the planet - this is Austria.The Grüner Veltliner has no impressive assessments and striking background, but he is the hallmark of Austrian winemaking, and therefore deserves attention.

What food goes well with

The spicy-fruity taste and aroma make the Gruner Veltliner an excellent addition to meat. In general, this wine goes well with all Austrian national meat dishes. But its gastronomic compatibility is not limited to this. This wine can be served with turkey, chicken, omelets, grilled fish and almost any vegetable. Spices are not a hindrance to him, so you shouldn't feel sorry for them.

8. Merlot

Peculiarities

Merlot is a soft, feminine wine that manages to show its assertiveness and character. A good merlot does have a powerful, rich flavor and a memorable aroma. However, it definitely cannot be called sharp. This variety is grown in all regions where winemaking is widespread, but France, of course, remains the most popular place.

The bouquet of aromas for which Merlot is famous can be endlessly described. These are ripe berries and fruits (cherries, plums, blackberries, raspberries), and numerous spices, including pepper, licorice, cinnamon, as well as flowers, mint, and herbs. If the merlot is aged in an oak barrel, then over time the wine also acquires a seductive aroma and taste of cigars, smoke, dark chocolate, old leather and nuts.

What food goes well with

Its ability to smooth out sharp corners and its mellow yet rich flavor make merlot an almost universal drink. It goes well with any meat, especially if it's grilled. Merlot goes well with Italian cuisine, as well as all kinds of salads. With spices and herbs, this variety coexists quite peacefully. As for fish, tuna should be preferred.

9. Gewurztraminer

Peculiarities

Gewürztraminer is an aromatic wine made in many regions, but its birthplace remains Alsace. Its aroma is very bright and intense and not as subtle as that of other wines. Gewurz is frankly fragrant with roses. That is why true connoisseurs do not particularly like it, because its taste is quite obvious and quickly guessed. However, in addition to roses in the aroma of Gewurztraminer, you can hear notes of chili, peach, grapefruit and lemon zest, lemongrass, bergamot, honey, pastry sweets and meadow herbs.

As they say, there are no comrades in taste and color, but the bouquet is quite impressive. So this variety has every chance to please you. In addition, it has a good gastronomic compatibility.

What food goes well with

Despite the fact that the acidity of this wine is not so high, it is quite enough to serve Gewürztraminer with rich cheeses and smoked fish. The sweet versions complement baked goods perfectly. So, sweet Gewürztraminer and strudel are a classic combination in Alsace.

And dry options go well with oriental cuisine, for example, Chinese and Japanese. Some winemakers even add Gewürztraminer to other young wines during the making process to serve with sushi and rolls.

Some gardeners manage to make wine from almost every available grape variety. However, the technology of wine production provides for the use of certain varieties of culture, filled with a whole bunch of aromas. The most popular white and blue wine varieties are discussed in this article.

The best wine grape varieties

The grapes from which juices and wine are made are called technical. The characteristic of the bunches looks modest in comparison with the table species:

• medium to small size with densely packed fruits;
• the average weight of the hand is 120-150 grams;
• high content of juice (75-85% of the weight of the berry);
• the sugar content exceeds 18%.

Wine grapes bear fruit well and consistently. This is facilitated by the increased resistance of plants to fungal infections and pest attacks.Next, we will find out which variety is best suited for winemaking.

The best white varieties for winemaking

Chardonnay

Chardonnay is a world-famous technical grade of Western European origin. It is not possible to thoroughly find out the pedigree, but there is an opinion that the variety appeared thanks to the crossing of Pinot noir and Gue blanc.

Berries are processed to produce wines with different flavor notes and fruity aromas. Also, part of the harvest is annually sent for the manufacture of wine materials, which are subsequently used as a champagne flavor enhancer.

Brief characteristics of the plant:

• the bush is medium-sized, although strong-growing lashes are also found;
• the growing season lasts 130-140 days;
• flowers are bisexual, which ensures good pollination;
• conical clusters are loose, weight reaches 900-1000 grams;
• white-green berries are set off with a golden tint;
• fruit shape - rounded slightly elongated;
• grape weight - 12-15 gr., each contains 2-3 seeds;
• sugar content - 18% with an acidity of 8-12 g / l;
• yield - 8-12 t / ha;
• the culture is frost-resistant, withstands temperatures up to minus 20 °.

Chardonnay tolerates drought, with an excess of humid environment, the fruits can rot. Resistance to mildew and powdery mildew is moderate.

Chardonnay variety

Bianca

Wine material from Bianchi has an unrivaled taste with notes of vanilla and almonds. For the production of table, semi-sweet and other wines, blending with other juices with a low sugar content is used. This helps to avoid the sweetness that is characteristic of this grape.

The grape was bred in Hungary, the parents are Villars Blanc and Chasselas Bouvier.

Brief characteristics of the plant:

• early ripening, growing season - 110-120 days;
• medium-sized bush;
• cylindrical brushes, weight 90-120 gr .;
• fruits are small and medium, weight 1.5 gr .;
• the shape of the berries is round, slightly elongated, the color is greenish-yellow;
• the skin is thin, the taste is harmonious, filled with a bouquet of aromas;
• the crop does not lose its presentation on the vine after the onset of full maturity;
• sugar content - 20-28% with an acidity of 7-9 g / l;
• there is a high resistance to mildew, gray rot, oidium, tolerance to phylloxera;
• frost resistance - up to minus 27 °.

Bianca on the vine does not lose its appearance even after full maturation

Muscat

Medium-early ripening muscat with a growing season of 130-140 days. Muscat is one of the oldest varieties originating from Syria, Arabia and Egypt. The peculiarity of the culture is the ability to accumulate a high level of sugar (up to 25% with an acidity of 6.5-7 g / l).

A brief description of:

• medium-sized bush;
• the weight of a conical bunch is 100-450 grams;
• berries sit tightly on the brush, the weight of one is on average 4 grams;
• the taste is saturated with nutmeg;
• yield - 66-109 c / ha;
• disease resistance is low.

Excellent marketability and taste outweighs poor survival in adverse climatic conditions. Grapes immediately react to a lack of moisture and its excess, does not have resistance to low temperatures, and requires potassium dressing.

Muscat close up

Sauvignon Blanc

The variety was obtained by crossing Chenin Blanc and Taminer. Thanks to its excellent taste, balance of sugar and acidity, grapes are recognized all over the world. The peculiarity of the culture is the timely harvest. When overripe, the berry loses its properties and taste, becomes unsuitable for winemaking.

A brief description of:

• growing season 130-135 days;
• bushes are medium-sized, but powerful enough with a developed root system;
• clusters of small size, weight is 75-120 grams;
• the berry is small, the color is greenish-white with a waxy coating (each contains 2-3 seeds);
• low yield;
• sugar content - 18-23% with an acidity of 6.7-11 g / l.

The culture shows weak resistance to powdery mildew and gray mold, tolerance to mildew.In growing conditions with high humidity, shedding of flowers is noted. Soils are preferable with the content of clayey interlayers, as well as gravel and sandy inclusions.

Sauvignon Blanc - the main thing is not to wait for the berries to ripen so as not to spoil the wine

Riesling

The variety, donated by nature itself, is considered the king in winemaking. High-quality wines are made from berries with excellent taste, which are filled with different notes and shades.

A brief description of:

• growing season - 140-150 days;
• dense clusters, weight 80-100 gr.;
• berries are yellow-green with a bluish tinge, weight 1.3-1.5 g., rounded shape;
• the skin is dense, but thin;
• frost resistance up to minus 20 °;
• full ripening of fruits occurs in October-November;
• sugar content 18% with acidity 9-11 g / l;
• disease resistance is low.

Fruiting grapes on different soils, but land with lime content is more acceptable.

Riesling has low disease resistance

Pinot Blanc

The representative of the Pinot family is characterized by multifaceted taste, it is used to make still, sparkling and dessert wines. Burgundy is the birthplace of the plant, but today almost all European countries and other regions can boast of high yields.

A brief description of:

• growing season - 140-150 days;
• clusters of medium density weighing 85-150 grams;
• berries of a round shape, yellow-green color, weight 1.4-1.7 g;
• the average sugar content reaches 20%.

The peculiarity of the variety lies in the low content of acid and aromatic substances, as a result of which Pinot Blanc is recommended for making wine, which should be consumed by young people.

Ripening period Pinot Blanc - 150 days

What are the best varieties for red wine

Pinot noir

Black fruitful grapes ripen in 141-151 days. There is no reliable information about the origin, but Traminer and Pinot Meunier are considered the likely parents. The bush is medium-sized with an unusual color of the lower leaves (green with a red tint). The flowers are bisexual, there are no problems with pollination. A bunch of small sizes, weighing 66-120 grams, the shape is often cylindrical. The berry has a pleasant taste, colorless juice, balanced sugar content. Its shape is round, the color is dark blue.

The yield of Pinot Noir is 50-60 c / ha. The plant is vulnerable to phylloxera, tolerance to gray rot, powdery mildew is manifested.

Grapes develop poorly on flat and low relief.

Pinot noir is vulnerable to phylloxera and gray rot

Saperavi

A very old Georgian grape variety with dark blue berries. Saperavi vegetation period is 150-160 days, harvesting begins in late September - early October. The bush is beautifully hung with wide-conical bunches with small grapes, the weight of one is 90-100 gr. The berry is very juicy with a harmonious taste, its weight barely exceeds 1 g. Each contains 2-3 seeds.

The plant has a weak resistance to mildew, oidium, at high humidity it is affected by gray rot. In comparison with other varieties, it is less likely to be damaged by a leafworm.

The yield of Saperavi is 90-110 kg / ha. The culture is frost-resistant, survives the winter without shelter at a temperature not exceeding -20 °.

Saperavi is a frost-resistant variety

Cabernet Sauvignon

Cabernet Sauvignon berries are very juicy with a balanced taste, shaded by a hint of currant. The variety was bred in France, but is now cultivated in many countries of the world. Technical ripeness occurs in 143-165 days. The bunch has the shape of a cylinder, the weight is 70-80 grams. Each berry contains 1-3 seeds. The skin is dark blue in color of medium density, which ensures good preservation and transportability of the fruit.

Productivity - 55-60 c / ha. There is an increased resistance of the culture to mildew and gray rot. In comparison with other varieties, it resists phylloxera, leafworm attacks better.

Cabernet Sauvignon is ideal for winemaking

Cabernet Franc

Technical ripeness occurs in 145-160 days. The unusual taste of berries is filled with different notes, in which you can feel raspberries and blackberries. Cylindrical bunches have a dark blue color, the weight does not exceed 70-90 grams. The yield is low (35-40 c / ha), but this is compensated by the good resistance of the plant to mildew, phylloxera.

Cabernet Franc variety

Merlot

The Merlot variety was bred in France, the intended parents are Cabernet Franc, crossed with Magdalene and Noir de Charente. Bunches of medium size and density, have a dark blue color with a characteristic waxy bloom, weighing 110-150 grams. The taste is balanced with a touch of nightshade.

The grapes ripen in 152-164 days. The plant shows average resistance to powdery mildew, phylloxera, mildew. Frost resistance - up to minus 15-17 °.

Merlot has medium frost resistance and can withstand temperatures down to -15

Sangiovese

Italian thermophilic technical grape with a vegetation period of 145-160 days... The bushes are medium-sized, the flowers are bisexual, the clusters are cylindrical of medium density, weighing up to 100 grams. There are many clones that have slightly different parameters of berries (0.7 - 1.3 grams). The taste of the fruit, saturated with different notes, adds sophistication to any drink.

The heat-loving Sangiovese variety

Syrah

The variety is resistant to cold and high temperatures, but does not tolerate strong winds and drought. Taste qualities meet the requirements of technical varieties of grapes, however, it cannot boast of a high yield (30 c / ha). The juice of the fruits of mature plants is saturated with a beautiful dark purple hue and density. Fruit ripening period is 145-158 days. The weight of a broad-conical bunch is within 80-120 gr.

Syrah is very capricious to weather conditions and requires a lot of light and heat.

late-ripening Syrah grapes

Carmenere

The grape belongs to the old French varieties with a growing season of 152-165 days. Currently, it is widely cultivated mainly in Chile, it is considered the pride of the country. The bushes of the plant are vigorous, the bunch can be in the form of a cylinder, wide-conical and shapeless, weight is 75-100 grams.

A medium-sized berry barely weighs 1 g, but the pulp is very tasty, sweet, but without sugary. The beautiful dark purple color makes it possible to produce wines from pink to dark in color.

Carmenere is very sensitive to weather conditions, cold, shows low resistance to diseases. However, the grapes survived the phylloxer.

French Carmenere

Mourvedre

A late-ripening plant native to Spain. The bushes are well developed, have a strong vine and root system. Leaves are medium in size with a characteristic three-lobed shape. Dark blue berries are often rounded, but can take a slightly oval shape, the parameters are average. Productivity with low watering is up to 60 kg / ha, but with regular irrigation it can significantly increase. The bunches are formed in the form of a cone or cylinder, the berries are tightly pressed against each other.

The culture has a weak resistance to fungal infections, but it tolerates prolonged drought rather tolerably, and high requirements are not imposed on the type of soil when planting.

Dense Mourvèdre berry

Grenache

A versatile variety, but most often the fruit is used to make grapes and juice. The variety is one of the most abundant on the planet due to the versatility of the vine. The grapes are very thermophilic, easily tolerate drought and heat. There are also no high requirements for the soil when planting seedlings. Productivity in dry conditions is high - up to 20 kg / ha. Features of berries: low acidity, juiciness, ruby ​​color, rich aroma.

Drought-resistant Grenache variety

Each variety has unique qualities that give the wine a unique shade and aroma. Before choosing a variety, it is necessary to clarify the compatibility of the wine material with juices of other varieties, then at home you can create an exquisite drink, and most importantly - an exclusive one, the taste of which will remain in memory for a long time.

Each connoisseur has his own view of which white wine is better, therefore, in order to draw your own conclusions, you need to at least sip each of them. Of course, this is a difficult task. So, in order to make a personal rating and call this or that white wine the best, start by familiarizing yourself with the main characteristics of these drinks.

White grape wine has long been associated with something special and refined. It serves as an excellent aperitif and an excellent addition to various cheeses. Moreover, due to the absence of tannins, white wine quenches thirst much better than red, which is especially useful in hot weather. It is recommended to serve it chilled, but not as cold as ice. Only then does it fully reveal its taste and aroma properties.

A detailed description of dry white wines is presented on this page.

Taste and shades of white wine

Flavoring notes of white wine:

• Viognier, Chenin Blanc, Muscat Blanc, Sauvignon Blanc, Gewurztraminer: sweet fruits (apricot, green pear, peach, nectarine, green apple, yellow apple, red apple, baked apple, pineapple)
• Semillon, Muscadet, Chardonnay, Riesling, Pinot Gris: citrus fruits (red grapefruit, orange peel, orange pulp, pink grapefruit, lemon peel, lemon pulp, lime peel, lime pulp)

Shades of white wine:

• Light body: low tannin content; high acidity.
• Medium Body: Medium tannin content; medium acidity.
• Full body: high in tannins; low acidity.

Light dry white wines.

These wines have a low alcohol content, they are easy to drink and perfectly quench thirst. The bouquet is dominated by floral and fruity shades. Main grape varieties: Chardonnay, Pinot Blanc, Sauvignon, Sylvaner.

Soft dry white wines.

These wines are dominated by citrus aromas and flavors. They are characterized by invigorating freshness and soft fruity aftertaste. Main grape varieties: Chardonnay, Semillon, Sauvignon, Mozac, Vermentino.

Full-bodied dry white wines with a rich bouquet.

It tastes more dense than the wines of the previous group. They have a mild acidity, long-lasting aftertaste and pleasant freshness. Main grape varieties: Chardonnay, Chenin, Marsanne, Riesling, Semillon, Sauvignon.

Aromatic dry white wines.

These wines are easily distinguished by their rich taste and aroma. Fruit, berry and floral-herbal notes are so pronounced that they are easily identified by smell. The main grape varieties are Gewurztraminer, Viognier, Pinot Gris, Riesling.

Semi-dry, semi-sweet and sweet white wines.

These wines are characterized by a predominantly sweet taste. They have a soft, pleasant texture, and in the case of the sweetest varieties, even a little viscous. This variety is characterized by fruity and honey notes with a rich aroma and a long aftertaste.

The main grape varieties are Gewurztraminer, Chenin, Sauvignon, Semillon, Muscat, Pinot Gris, Riesling.

The basis of the taste.

Acidity for white wine is the main characteristic. The acids, which are originally found in grapes, give the taste of this drink a freshness - a feeling similar to when we bite, for example, a sour apple.

Some vitamins, essential oils and trace elements that are contained in white wine cannot be found even in grape juice.

To understand which white wine is the best, check out the description of the world's most popular brands below.

Popular assortment of white wines: the best brands in the world

Albariño (Albarino).

Albariño is a varietal white wine produced mainly in Spain and Portugal. Differs in high acidity, oily, invigorating citrus aroma and subtle mineral aftertaste. It is preferable to drink this wine young, with no more than 2 years of aging. At this age, he has a particularly bright and fresh taste. Nevertheless, some varieties of white wine Albariño are perfectly stored for 7-10 years. As they age, they develop pleasant honey notes.

Other names.

Albariño grapes are also called Azal Blanco. Another grape name for this good white wine is Galego.

Characteristics:

• Sweetness 2/10
• Acidity 10/10
• Fortress 6/10
• Body weight 2/10
• Fruitiness 8/10

Serving temperature - 8 ° С.

Average aging period is 1-2 years.

The average cost is $ 13-19.

Glass for white wine.

The regions where this variety of white wine is produced:

• Spain
• Portugal
• Other wine regions

Taste and aroma associations:

• Sweet fruits: peach, pear, apricot, green apple, quince, pineapple, nectarine, melon, tangerine, passion fruit, lychee
• Plants: fennel, licorice, jasmine, mint, linden, honeysuckle, thai basil, pea flowers
• Citrus: lemon, orange peel, orange, grapefruit, lime
• Other: salt, beeswax, wet granite, minerals, ginger, almond, anise, nut butter

Australian exposure.

In recent years, the albariño grape variety has attracted the attention of Australian winemakers. However, one French expert, who visited Australia in 2008, expressed doubt that the local winemakers grow exactly albariño. DNA analysis has shown that French Sauvignon Blanc is in fact grown in Australian vineyards. It turns out that for more than 10 years Australian winemakers were not dealing with albariño at all.

That is, many Australian wines labeled as Albariño are in fact Sauvignon Blanc.

Vineyards:

• Rias Baixas, Spain. Albariño is grown in 90% of the vineyards. Significant variations are possible between the flavors of wines from different provinces of the region, as it has a complex mesoclimate.
• Minho, Portugal. Albariño is commonly used to make Vinho Verde blended wines. This lightly sparkling white wine was the first Portuguese wine to be widely recognized by its varietal name.

Characteristics of the grapes for this type of white wine:

• Perfectly adapted to humid climates and hardly rotting
• Has a high acidity
• Difficult to grow
• Is a low-yielding variety
• The berries are small, round, with a thick skin

The best wines of Albariño:

• Albarino Do Ferreiro is an aromatic, soft wine with a buttery structure and hints of green apple.
• Don Olegario Albarino is an intensely flavored wine dominated by hints of ripe fruit, citrus and aromatic herbs.
• Castro Martin Albarino - the wine has hints of peach and pear, supported by the bright taste of fresh lemon.
• Moraima Albarino is a wine with balanced, light acidity, which is perfectly complemented by floral aromas.
• Mar de Frades Albarino is a refreshing wine with bright hints of green apple and a salty undertone.

Food.

Albariño is great for seafood and fish lovers. In addition, this wine will be a good accompaniment to vegetable snacks, young cheeses and light meat dishes, which include citrus fruits and spices. Many dishes of Russian cuisine are also excellent for Albariño: pancakes with sour cream, dumplings, cabbage rolls. The freshness and bright aromatic notes of the wine also make it an excellent option as an aperitif.

Viognier.

Viognier is a full-bodied white wine that originated in the south of France. Depending on the manufacturer and how it is made, it can be very different: from light and light with a touch of bitterness to rich and creamy. Single-varietal Viognier wines tend to have an oily feel in the middle of the tongue. Their typical color is deep gold.

Expressive fruitiness.

Viognier's flavor profile is often compared to Gewurztraminer, Riesling and Chardonnay. Nevertheless, the mono-varietal wines from these grapes retain their individuality, thanks to which they are not confused with anything. The best examples of Viognier have a distinct fruitiness with a long, fresh aftertaste.

The characteristics of this white wine are:

• Sweetness 510
• Acidity 410
• Fortress 810
• Body 610
• Fruitiness 1010

Serving temperature - 8-10 ° С.

Average aging period is 2 years.

The average cost is $ 17-40.

Glass for white wine.

Production regions:

• France
• Australia
• USA
• Italy
• South Africa
• Argentina
• Chile
• Other wine regions

Taste and aroma associations.

• Sweet fruits: apricot, peach, pear, pineapple, mango, banana
• Plants: orange flowers, acacia, honeysuckle, hawthorn flowers, violet, daffodil, rose, lavender, lily
• Citrus: orange, tangerine, lemon, lime
• Barrel: vanilla, baked goods, oak, cloves, nutmeg
• Secondary odors: almonds, cream, oily
• Other: honey, barberry

Alcohol content:

• Up to 14% vol, - light, fresh wine.
• 14-15% vol. - a rich, fruity wine.

Wine styles depending on aging:

• In oak barrels: low acidity, creamy taste, clove, vanilla and nutmeg aromas
• In steel vats: pronounced notes of flowers and tropical fruits, light bitterness

Viognier grapes.

Viognier grape variety is quite whimsical in cultivation and gives modest yields.

It easily decays and clings to powdery mildew. Due to the difficulties of its cultivation and the desire of winemakers to capitalize on the rarity of these grapes, Viognier monosortic wines are quite expensive. But Viognier works well in kulazhs with other varieties. It is often used to enhance the aroma and soften shiraz and chardonnay.

Food.

Viognier is renowned for being compatible with any cuisine. This wine goes well with Mexican dishes, Caucasian spicy lamb and Japanese seafood. The main thing is to take into account the medium acidity and subtle floral notes of Viognier when choosing combinations. Too acidic or pungent pigment will not work with it. The aromas of the dish should enhance the fruity notes of this wine.

Gewurztraminer.

Gewurztraminer is an aromatic, full-bodied wine with an aggressive charm. The combination of rich aromas and exotic taste with a heavy buttery structure makes it difficult for the inexperienced amateurs to perceive.

Other names.

Gewurztraminer grapes have many other names: Traminer Musque, Traminer Parfume, Traminer Rosso, etc.

Distinctive features.

From the first sips Gewurztraminer impresses with its sensual spice and dizzying aroma of rose petals. This wine also sometimes has an inherent bitterness, which increases with maturation.

Characteristics:

• Sweetness 510
• Acidity 210
• Fortress 810
• Body 610
• Fruitiness 1010

Serving temperature - 12-16 ° С.

Average aging period is 2 years.

The average cost is $ 12-16.

Glass for white wine.

Production regions:

• France
• USA
• Australia
• Germany
• Hungary
• Italy
• New
• Zealand
• Other wine regions

Taste and aroma associations:

• Sweet fruits: lychee, passionfruit, pineapple, mango, melon, apricot, peach
• Plants: rose, licorice, bergamot, peony, violet, black currant leaves, lemongrass
• Citrus: orange, orange peel, grapefruit, lemon peel
• Spices: cloves, nutmeg, ginger, mint, white pepper, black pepper, saffron, cinnamon
• Other: honey, dried apricots, smoke, caramel, brioche

History.

The history of Gewürztraminer began in the Tyrolean Alps. This grape originated from the ancient Traminer variety, which has been cultivated here for over 1000 years. Traminer mutates easily, and one such mutation a few centuries ago led to the emergence of a vine with dark golden yellow or pinkish brown berries, from which the bright original wine - Gewurztraminer - was obtained.

Characteristics of the grapes.

• Ripens early
• Develops moderate yields
• Poor disease resistance
• Whimsical to grow
• Sensitive to climate change

Basic styles.

• Sweet Gewurztraminer.In Alsace, two rare and expensive dessert wines are produced: Vendenges Tardives of late harvest and Selection de Grains Nobles (SGN) from berries affected by noble mold.
• Dry Gewurztraminer. Prestigious wines are produced in Trentino-Alto Adige (Italy), Alsace (France) and in northern California (USA).

Food.

It is difficult to find the perfect gastronomic combination for Gewürztraminer wine. It works best as a stand-alone aperitif or in combination with pates, fresh fruit and cheese. Gewurztraminer, due to its spicy character, goes well with spicy dishes, especially Asian ones. In addition, this wine goes well with sushi, sashimi, foie gras and smoked fish. Dessert varieties go well with sweet strudel.

Gruner Veltliner (Griiner Veltliner).

Each wine-making country strives to popularize a drink that would become a kind of national treasure and style icon. For Austria, such a pride has become the Gruner Veltliner wine. It is made from grapes that grow mainly on Austrian lands.

It is the most recognizable variety in Austria, occupying about a third of all its vineyards.

It has taken root well on the relatively cool banks of the Danube and gives good yields. Moreover, this one of the best varieties of white wines can be very different - from light dry to rich dessert.

The name of the wine is rather difficult to pronounce, so it is often shortened to "Gru-Ve" and even "Gruvi".

Characteristics:

• Sweetness 510
• Acidity 910
• Fortress 610
• Body 410
• Fruitiness 710

Serving temperature - 7-10 ° С.

Average aging period - 2-5 years

The average cost is $ 10-20.

Glass for white.

Production regions:

• Austria
• Czech Republic
• Hungary
• Slovakia
• Other wine regions

Taste and aroma associations:

• Sweet fruits: apricot, peach, nectarine, pear, pineapple, quince
• Plants: lemongrass, grass cuttings, iris, rhubarb, green beans, green peppers, radishes, gooseberries
• Citrus: orange, grapefruit, lemon zest, lemon, lime
• Barrel: Brazil nut, buttercream, wax pepper
• Spices and herbs: ginger, cinnamon, white pepper, pink pepper
• Other: honey, dried apricots, raisins, candied fruits, marmalade, minerals, marzipan

Gruner Veltliner grape.

The Gruner Veltliner grape variety is obtained by natural crossing of Traminer and St. Georgen. Today it occupies a leading position in the general register of Austrian vineyards.

The later the grapes were harvested for the production of Gruner Veltliner, the higher the sugar level in the wine and the richer the taste of dried apricots, candied fruits, raisins and honey is felt in the bouquet.

Taste depending on the region:

• Wachau - wines with a complex bouquet, including the aroma of sweet ripe fruits and floral notes.
• Kremstal - rich wines with a pronounced fruity taste.
• Kamptal - light wines with a mineral flavor.
• Weinviertel is a dry type of refreshing white wine with a peppery bouquet and mineral notes.

Basic styles:

• The light and savory Gruner Veltliner is usually labeled Classic, has a green hue and hints of green beans and lime on the palate.
• The rich and spicy Gruner Veltliner is usually labeled Reserve DAC. It has a golden green hue and hints of lemon, nuts, honey, butter cream on the palate.

Food.

Thanks to its high acidity and spicy notes, the Gruner Veltliner goes well with meat dishes. The wine also goes well with omelets, grilled fish, anchovies and almost any vegetable. It does not lose its rich flavor even when consumed with spicy and spicy food. The perfect complement to the Gruner Veltliner is one of the traditional Austrian dishes - veal schnitzel with cucumber and salad.

Marsanne.

The Marsanne grape variety is commonly used for blended wines, but some winemakers, especially in the Northern Rhone, produce excellent mono-varietal wines that are highly regarded by gourmets.

Distinctive features.

Marsanne wines usually have a bright golden yellow color and a buttery texture. At a young age, they are distinguished by a straw and even golden-green hue, which darkens over time. Aged Marsan wine has a complex bouquet, rich taste and honey texture. Rusan grapes, with which marsan is traditionally used in kulazhs.

Other names.

Marsan grapes are also known as Ermitage, Ermitage Blanc, Grosse Roussette.

Characteristics:

• Sweetness 510
• Acidity 510
• Fortress 810
• Body 410
• Fruitiness 510

Serving temperature - 7-11 ° С.

The average aging period is up to 10 years.

The average cost is $ 18-20.

Glass for white.

Production regions:

• France
• Other wine regions

Taste and aroma associations:

• Sweet fruits: apricot, peach, pear, quince, melon
• Plants: hawthorn, acacia, jasmine, citrus flowers
• Citrus: orange, lemon, lemon zest, tangor
• Barrel: oak, vanilla, caramel
• Other: almonds, honeysuckle, marmalade, minerals, hazelnuts, beeswax

Characteristics of grapes:

• Very susceptible to disease
• Sensitive to climate change
• The bunch is medium or small
• Berries of medium size, round, greenish-yellow with a golden-brown tint
• Often the vineyards are covered with small brown spots
• Harvested before the berries are fully ripe, as they quickly lose acidity

History.

It is believed that the Marsanne grape was first cultivated in Marsanne near Montelimar in the northern Rhone valley. From this variety in a blend with russan, they began to make Hermitage wine, which in the 17th century. considered one of the best in the world. Thomas Jefferson praised this drink as "the first wine in the world without a single exception." In 1860, Marsan grapes were brought to Australia, where they have been successfully cultivated in the vineyards of Victoria since then. Australia has proven to be a hospitable home for this grape variety. Here wonderful blended and mono-varietal wines are produced from it.

Food.

Marsanne goes well with veal with wine sauce, fried trout with almonds, Caprese salad and Carbonara pasta. In addition, this wine goes well with baked fish with eggplant and smoked crayfish, lobsters and shrimps. Its taste is revealed with creamy sauces, with hard and soft cheeses.

Mueller - Tour ray (Mueller - Thurgau).

Light and refreshing wine Müller-Thurgau is made from the grape variety of the same name. It is one of the most common varieties in Germany, where it is firmly ranked second after Riesling due to strong worldwide demand for cheap, easy-drinking and sweet German wine.

The grape variety from which Müller-Thurgau is obtained is sometimes called Rivaner, Rizlingszilvani, Riesling-Silvaner, Rizvanac.

Distinctive features.

Under ideal growing conditions, Müller-Thurgau grapes have a light color with a green-yellow tint. This wine has a simple bouquet with bright notes of nutmeg and pleasant fruity aromas. For the production of Müller-Thurgau, only the ripe, carefully selected berries are used.

Characteristics:

• Sweetness 7/10
• Acidity 5/10
• Fortress 7/10
• Body weight 4/10
• Fruitiness 8/10

Serving temperature - 7-11 ° С.

Average aging period is 1-3 years.

The average cost is $ 4-20.

Glass for white wine.

Production regions:

• Germany
• Hungary
• Austria
• Czech Republic
• Slovakia
• Switzerland
• Other wine regions

Taste and aroma associations:

• Fruits and berries: green apple, peach, apricot, pear, quince, gooseberry, black currant
• Plants: hawthorn, rose, elder flowers, grass cuttings, sage
• Spices and herbs: nutmeg, white pepper, anise
• Other: honey, minerals, almonds

History.

The Müller-Thurgau grape variety was bred in 1882 by the scientist Hermann Müller, who was originally from Switzerland, from the canton of Thurgau.He experimented with cross-breeding, and one day the assistant researcher, Dr. Schellenberg, noticed that one of the cultivated vines showed promising characteristics: fast growth, early maturity, good fruit. Since then, the new grape variety has been actively used in winemaking. Müller-Thurgau became especially popular in Germany after World War II, when the local wine industry needed a productive and unpretentious grape variety to quickly recover.

Food.

Many critics argue that Müller-Thurgau is excessively soft and dry. Thanks to these organoleptic properties, the wine perfectly emphasizes the taste of extraordinary dishes: Montasio cheese cake, steamed shrimp, thinly sliced ​​octopus slices. In addition, Müller-Thurgau goes well with fish and meat dishes, snacks, cheeses and vegetable soups.

Muscadet.

Muscadet is a good dry white wine from the vineyards of the Loire Valley (France), which is made from only one grape variety - Melon de Bourgogne.

Since 1937 it has been classified as AOC (Appellations Controlled by Origin).

Characteristics:

• Sweetness 210
• Acidity 810
• Fortress 410
• Body 210
• Fruitiness 210

Serving temperature - 8-10 ° С.

Average aging period is 2-3 years.

The average cost is $ 14-25.

Glass for white wine.

Production regions:

• France
• USA

White wine taste and aroma associations:

• Sweet fruits: green apple, green pear, peach, wild yellow plum, apricot, melon, yellow apple, pineapple
• Plants: hawthorn, acacia, juniper, saline herbs, mint, iris
• Citrus: Orange, Orange Peel, Lemon, Lemon Peel, Lime Peel
• Spices and herbs: thyme, rosemary
• Secondary odors: smoke, yeast, dark beer
• Other: seaweed, minerals, sea salt, baked goods, white truffle, candied fruit, honey, sea stones

Exposure features.

Of all French wines, only Muscadet has an inscription on the label: sur lie, which means "on the lees". This indicates that a special aging method is used in the manufacturing process. After fermentation, the wine is not removed from the yeast sediment, but is infused on it for 4-5 months until bottling. Thanks to this, Muscadet is better protected from oxidation and contains more carbon dioxide, which gives it a special freshness. This technology requires that only carefully selected, healthy berries are used for the production of wine, and the production process is strictly controlled.

In French wine production, there is a tax in kind, according to which the winemaker must donate 2% of the alcohol produced from the sludge to pharmaceutical needs.

Basic styles:

• Muscadet - wine with pronounced floral and fruity aromas.
• Muscadet Sevre et Maine is the most common and best of the Muscadet styles. The wine has a pronounced aroma of white flowers and a taste of sea salt.
• Muscadet Coteaux de la Loire - the wine contains pleasant mineral notes with a hint of ripe fruit.
• Muscadet Cotes de Grandlieu is the youngest Muscadet style. The wine has a delicate bouquet with notes of white flowers, minerals, citrus and exotic fruits.

Quality assurance.

In order to use the name Muscadet on the label, the producer must ensure that the wine has been in vats or barrels for no longer than one winter and has been sedated at the time of bottling. Muscadet is bottled early to preserve the freshness, fruity taste and subtlety of the bouquet. The wine is light and is usually drunk young.

Food.

Due to its high acidity, as well as mineral and citrus flavor, Muscadet goes well with many dishes. It has pronounced notes of sea salt in the bouquet, which makes it an ideal complement to seafood dishes.Muscadet is often served with crustaceans and shellfish, as they emphasize the freshness and sourness of the wine.

Pinot Gris.

Pinot gris is a pink-skinned white grape. Sometimes it is used to make blends, but more often monosort wines are made from Pinot Gris. Moreover, the taste and aroma of wine from this grape variety differs markedly depending on the region and production characteristics. Pinot gris usually produces dry wines with a good acid balance. Their shades of taste and aroma are better revealed after decantation. Then the wine fully reveals its complex bouquet. The harmony of sweetish flavors with pleasant freshness makes it especially attractive.

Other names.

Pinot gris grapes have many other names, for example: Pinot grigio, Grauburgunder, Grauer Riesling, Auxerrois Gris, Szurkebarat, Rulander, Grauer Burgundy Grauer Burgunder), Graudevner.

Characteristics:

• Sweetness 6/10
• Acidity 5/10
• Fortress 6/10
• Body weight 4/10
• Fruitiness 4/10

Serving temperature - 7 ° С.

Average aging time - up to 3 years for white.

Average - cost - $ 10-15.

Glass for white wine.

Production regions:

• Italy
• USA
• Germany
• Australia
• France
• New Zealand
• Austria
• Other wine regions

Taste and aroma associations:

• Sweet fruits: pear, quince, apple, apricot, pineapple, nectarine, peach, plum, melon
• Plants: moss, acacia, honeysuckle
• Citrus: lemon, lemon zest, lime, ruby ​​grapefruit
• Barrel: oak, vanilla, almond, coconut
• Secondary odors: smoke, smoked meats, hazelnuts, pistachios, minerals, rye bread crust
• Other: mushrooms, baked apples, honey, wet wool, brine, beeswax, dried apricots, gingerbread, cloves, ginger, shortbread cookies, biscuit biscuits, dried papaya, nectar, toast

History.

The first mention of Pinot Gris dates back to the 13th century. This grape variety has been seen in Burgundy as one of the Pinot Noir mutations. The two grape varieties are indistinguishable in the vineyard until the berries are ripe. Pinot gris wine was a favorite drink of the Roman Emperor Charles IV. During his reign, the variety became ubiquitous in Europe. In the United States, Pinot Gris has been cultivated since the mid-20th century.

Confusion in the assortment of white Tokay wines.

In Alsace, Pinot Gris has been known for centuries under the names Tokay or Tokay d'Elsace. However, in 2007 the European Union banned the French from using these names in order to avoid confusion with the Hungarian Tokay.

Taste depending on the region:

• Italy: dry wine with high acidity and bitter almond note. Subtle aroma with hints of green apple and citrus.
• France: A rich wine with notes of honey, smoke, wool, apples and pears.
• Russia: deep golden dessert wine with deep taste. Aged in oak barrels.
• Countries of the New World: wine with rich fruity aromas and less acidity than European varieties.

Features of production.

Most winemakers avoid the presence of the barrel in the Pinot Gris flavor. It is usually aged in metal vats to get rid of the heavy oak odor and keep the wine clean. Secondary fermentation does not last long. Pinot Gris has a particularly bright taste in youth, so it can be aged for no more than 3 years. Lees aging is often used to create full-bodied wines with a complex bouquet.

Food.

The powerful personality of Pinot Gris goes well with spicy dishes. Veal, poultry and pork, seasoned with aromatic sauces, are perfect for it. In addition, due to the harmony of sweetness and freshness, this wine complements sweet dishes well, and also becomes an excellent independent aperitif.

Riesling.

Riesling, along with chardonnay and sauvignon blanc, is one of the three most popular white varieties.Traditionally, grapes are considered to prefer warm climates, but Riesling is made from the grape of the same name, which grows mainly in cool temperatures. This wine is especially appreciated for its extraordinary freshness.

Other names.

The grape variety Riesling also has the following names: White Riesling (Weisser Riesling), Riesling Johannisberg (Johannisberg Riesling), Rhine Riesling (Rheinriesling, Rhine Riesling), Johannisberger (johannisberger).

History.

According to legend, once a messenger who was supposed to bring permission from the bishop to harvest grapes to the monastery was greatly delayed. He arrived only in November, and by that time the berries had overripe and covered with noble mold. The monks had to collect "spoiled" grapes, but it turned out that the wine made from it is much sweeter and more aromatic than from the usual.

Distinctive features.

There are Rieslings in all quality classes and sweetness levels. Their taste largely depends on the region of production and the time of aging, but even in dessert Rieslings, a high acidity remains, thanks to which they are never sugary. When describing this white wine, it is worth noting that the increased acidity does not prevent the wine from maintaining excellent flavor balance due to its relatively high residual sugar content.

Characteristic:

• Sweetness 4/10
• Acidity 10/10
• Fortress 3/10
• Body weight 2/10
• Fruitiness 8/10

Serving temperature - 8-12 ° С.

The average aging period is up to 15 years.

The average cost is $ 10-15.

Glass for white.

Countries of the world where this white wine, considered one of the best, is produced:

• Germany
• Australia
• USA
• France
• Austria
• New Zealand
• Other wine regions

Taste and aroma associations:

• Fermentation and aging aromas: flint, metal, tires, burnt rubber, oil
• Berries: watermelon, white cherry, strawberry
• Sweet fruits: pear, green apple, plum, peach, apricot, nectarine, pineapple
• Plants: geranium, rose petals, grass cuttings, jasmine
• Citrus: lemon, lemon zest, lime, orange, grapefruit
• Other: raisins, dried apricots, toasted bread crust, honey, honeycomb, beeswax, kerosene, gasoline, minerals, limestone, ginger

Features of production:

• Dry Riesling: barely ripe berries, harvested in September-October
• Sweet Riesling: ripe berries harvested in November-December
• Dessert Riesling: frozen berries covered with noble mold

Oil notes.

The aromas of oil, kerosene, gasoline and rubber appear in the seasoned Riesling, but do not spoil it, but harmoniously integrate into the bouquet and give the wine a peculiar sensuality. It is usually possible to define these notes as "oil" or "rubber" only with a tip from the sommelier, but after that it is difficult to disagree with such a definition. The reasons for the appearance of the oil note: a high degree of maturity of the berries; high acidity of grapes; prolonged insolation; lack of moisture.

Types of German Riesling:

• Kabinett (Kabinett) - the driest wine from early harvest grapes.
• Spatlese is a dry wine made from barely ripe berries.
• Auslese - grape semi-sweet white wine made from fully ripe grape berries.
• Beerenauslese is a semisweet white wine made from overripe berries with noble mold.
• Eiswein is a sweet wine made from frozen berries, harvested at a temperature of about -7 ° C.
• Trockenbeerenauslese (TV A) is a selective collection of dessert wine from completely moldy berries.

Food.

Due to its high acidity, Riesling is great with spicy foods, including Indian and Asian spices.

Dry wine is in perfect harmony with appetizers, vegetables, mushrooms, seafood and hot meat dishes. Semi-dry Riesling can be a great stand-alone aperitif or an addition to fish. Good white semi-sweet or semi-dry wine goes well with game, and dessert wine is suitable for sweets and fruits.

Semilion.

Semillon vineyards are the third largest in France. Only Sauvignon Blanc and Chardonnay are ahead of them in terms of landings. Semillon is often used in blends, but some winemakers also produce noble mono-varietal wines.

Distinctive features.

Semillon single-varietal wines have a pleasant silky texture, which is due to the relatively high concentration of sugar and glycerin. They show their best qualities over time. In blends, this grape variety is mainly used in combination with sauvignon blanc and chardonnay.

See what this semi-sweet white wine looks like in the photo:

Characteristics of grapes:

• Disease resistant
• Grows well in regions with sunny days and cool nights
• Gives high yields
• The best wines are made from berries with a noble

Characteristics:

• Sweetness 6/10
• Acidity 5/10
• Fortress 6/10
• Body weight 6/10
• Fruitiness 6/10

Serving temperature - 8-11 ° С.

The average aging period is from 1.5 to 10 years.

The average cost is $ 10-15.

Glass for white wine.

Production regions:

• France
• Australia
• South Africa
• Argentina
• USA
• Other wine regions

Taste and aroma associations:

• Sweet fruits: papaya, green apple, plum, peach, apricot, nectarine, mango
• Plants: saffron, grass cuttings, chamomile, honeysuckle
• Citrus: lemon, yellow grapefruit, lime, orange peel
• Barrel: oak, pear, hot butter, pie crust, cream, dill, popcorn, acacia
• Secondary odors: lanolin, oily
• Other: minerals, salt, honey, figs, ginger, almonds, beeswax

Semillon in hot climates.

• Features: often aged in oak barrels, which gives the wine an oily taste.
• Basic notes: mango, papaya and peach.
• Main regions of production: California, Argentina, South Africa, South Australia.
• Strength: 12-14% vol.

Semillon in a cool climate.

• Features: high acidity, wine similar to Sauvignon Blanc.
• Basic notes: if not aged in barrels, the bouquet is dominated by notes of lemon, green apple, grapefruit and zest with rich floral and smoked aromas.
• Main regions of production: Bordeaux, some regions of South and Western Australia.
• Strength: up to 12% vol.

Food.

Choosing a gastronomic combination to this good white wine, it is better to stop at aromatic and spicy dishes of fish, white meat and seafood. Sauces with Indian and Asian spices are well suited to this wine, but not too hot. Semillon also goes well with cheeses, fried and stewed vegetables. And the most successful gastronomic combination with desserts is the union with caramel ice cream, pear pie and cheesecake.

Silvaner

The Sylvaner grape variety is often used in kulazh, in addition, it is used to make neutral single-varietal wines with a greenish tint, emphasizing their characteristic freshness and delicate taste. Many Sylvaner wines are designed for the mass consumer and do not have an expressive bouquet, but when the yield is regulated, they turn out to be very rich, with a delicate fruity aroma.

Other names.

This good dry white wine has many other names, among which the most common are Griiner Silvaner, Sylvaner Verde, and Silvanac Zeleni.

Characteristics:

• Sweetness 410
• Acidity 610
• Fortress 610
• Body 510
• Fruitiness 310

Serving temperature - 8-11 ° С.

The average aging period is up to 3 years.

The average cost is $ 10-25.

Glass for white wine.

Production regions:

• Germany
• Switzerland
• France
• Italy

Basic tastes and aromas and aromatic associations:

• Spices and herbs: thyme, cardamom, anise
• Dried fruits and nuts: dried apples, almonds
• Sweet fruits and berries: green apple, peach, apricot, melon, mango, gooseberry, pineapple, passionfruit, pear, quince
• Plants: cut grass, almond flowers, mint, cedar, licorice, honeysuckle, lime blossom, jasmine, rose, acacia
• Citrus: Lemon, Grapefruit, Lime, Bitter Orange
• Other: honey, minerals, smoke, earth, brie cheese, wet stone

History.

Sylvaner is one of the oldest cultivated grape varieties. He received the greatest distribution in Germany, where he was brought from Austria. From the Austrian lands, the sylvaner ousted the Gruner Veltliner, who more resiliently endures cold and disease. Until the mid-70s. XX century. Silvaner was the leading variety in Germany, where it occupied more than 30% of the vineyard area, but over time it was replaced by Riesling.

Characteristics of grapes:

• Sensitive to frost.
• Gives a stable yield.
• Vines ripen earlier than Riesling.
• Not picky about the choice of the place of growth.
• It takes root where most other varieties cannot survive.

Taste depending on the region:

• Germany: Grapes growing on clay soils produce neutral flat wines. On the mountain, weathered slopes, fine wines reminiscent of Chardonnay are produced. In southern Germany, rich Sylvaner wines are produced with hints of minerals, hints of citrus, fresh grass and melon.
• France: Alsace produces wines with a pronounced full-bodied style, notes of smoke and fruity undertones.
• Italy and Switzerland: wines are light, refreshing, with bright notes of citrus and honey. It is advisable to use them in the first 2 years after harvest.

Food.

Thanks to its natural freshness, Sylvaner wine is excellent as an independent aperitif. What other food does this good dry white wine go with? Sylvaner will be an excellent addition to seafood, smoked meats, light salads and fish dishes.

Tokay Native (Tokaji Szamorodni).

Tokay Samorodny is one of the white Tokay wines made from unsorted Furmint and Harslevel grapes. The drink can be dry or sweet. Moreover, the word "native" in the name is not of Hungarian origin. This is how this type of Tokay was nicknamed by the Poles, who are very fond of this wine.

Characteristics:

• Sweetness 510
• Acidity 810
• Fortress 710
• Body 610
• Fruitiness 610

Serving temperature - 10-13 ° С.

The average aging period is up to 2.5 years.

The average cost is $ 5-15.

Glass for white wine.

Production region:

• Tokay
• Hungary

Taste and aroma associations:

• Fruits and berries: apple, melon, grapes, orange, peach
• Plants: heather, rose petals
• Dried fruits and nuts: raisins, dried apricots, dried figs, walnuts, almonds, dried apples
• Other: honey, minerals, bread, mushrooms, chocolate

Tokay cellars.

Tokay wines are aged in special cellars. They were built about 600-700 years ago. The total length of the cellars exceeds 40 km. Their walls are covered with a thick layer of mold, which feeds on wine vapors and creates a unique microclimate. It is in it that real Tokay wine matures.

Furmint and Harslevel grapes.

The late Furmint and Harslevel grapes remain on the vine even in late autumn. The unique microclimate of Tokay makes the berries dry out and become sweeter under the influence of noble mold. Moreover, in other parts of the world, Tokay vineyards do not take root properly: the majority of grapes simply rot.

Production stages:

1. The grapes are blocked from access to moisture.
2. The berries are sugared and dried.
3. Harvested in the second half of autumn.
4. The grapes are crushed.
5. The wort is left to ferment.
6. The resulting juice is combined with previously prepared wine.
7. Wine material is poured into barrels.
8. The wine is kept in cellars.

Types of Tokay Native:

• Tokay Native Edesh (Tokaji edes). Alcohol content: about 13% vol. Residual sugar: not less than 30 g / l. Features of production: it is produced if a lot of berries with noble mold are harvested.
• Tokay Native Saraz (Tokaji szaraz). Alcohol: about 11% vol. Residual sugar: no more than 10 g / l. Features of production: produced if few berries with noble mold are harvested.

Varieties of Tokay wines:

• Tokaji aszu is a good white sweet wine made from hand-selected berries with noble mold. It is made from grapes of the same variety, but harvested at different times: in September and November. Aged in barrels - up to 10 years. The alcohol content is 11-14% vol.
• Tokay Asu Essence (Tokaji aszu esszencia) - a sweeter wine than Tokay Asu, produced in especially favorable years.
• Tokaji esszencia is the sweetest and most expensive variety of Tokay wines. For production, juice is used, which flows out of the grapes without pressure, only under its own weight. After a long aging, the wine becomes thick and sugary, like a must.
• Tokaji harslevelu and Tokaji furmint are inexpensive wines from local varieties of the same name.

Food.

There are several traditional ways of drinking Tokaj wine in Hungary. Firstly, it can be served with fish, game or meat dishes. Secondly, this wine goes well with ice cream and fruits. Tokay Samorodny is also good to enjoy small sips without any snacks. This is how it is possible to fully experience the unique taste of the drink and enjoy its bouquet.

Chardonnay.

Chardonnay is the most widespread white grape variety in the world, from which a decent wine can be made in any climate, and depending on the region, the time of picking berries and the skill of the winemaker, it can be very different. Chardonnay is used to prepare varietal wine of the same name and various blends. Burgundy Chardonnay is considered the standard of single-varietal wine. At the same time, the developments of Canadian, Australian and American winemakers make up a worthy competition for it.

History of the Chardonnay variety.

In 1998, scientists at the University of California conducted a genetic analysis and found that Chardonnay is the result of a natural crossing of Pinot Noir and Guay Blanc varieties. There are various theories about the origin of this grape. In Lebanon and Syria, the Middle East is considered his homeland, as if the knights brought Chardonnay vines to Europe from the Crusades. And in Cyprus, there is an opinion that this variety is a mutation of one of the local grapes. Nevertheless, Burgundy is officially considered the birthplace of chardonnay.

Origin of name.

This grape variety was named after the village of Chardonnay, in the vineyards of which it was "brought to mind" and began to grow berries, allowing you to get a true standard of white wine.

Characteristics:

• Sweetness 510
• Acidity 610
• Fortress 710
• Body 810
• Fruitiness 810

Serving temperature - 8-12 ° С.

The average aging period is up to 8 years.

The average cost is $ 5-20.

Glass for white wine.

The regions where this brand of good white wine is produced:

• France
• USA
• Australia
• Georgia
• Italy
• Moldova
• Chile
• South Africa
• Argentina
• New Zealand
• Slovenia
• Germany
• Other wine regions

Taste and aroma associations:

• Garden fruits: green apple, yellow apple, peach, pear, lemon, melon, mirabelle, quince
• Plants: apple flowers, cucumbers, honeysuckle, jasmine, celery leaves
• Tropical fruits: carambola, pineapple, mango, guava, passion fruit, jackfruit
• Barrel: vanilla, oak, butter, toasted bread, oatmeal, pie, caramelized sugar, creme brulee, dill, coconut, praline, smoke
• Secondary scents: mushrooms, lemon zest, almonds, hazelnuts
• Other: chalk, minerals, flint, river pebbles, marzipan, salt, licorice, cream, nutmeg, figs, beeswax

Aged without barrel.

Chardonnay tastes like Pinot Gris and Sauvignon Blanc. An early harvest wine has pronounced shades of lemon and green apple. Late harvest Chardonnay is dominated by notes of pineapple and fig.

Production regions: Northern California and Oregon, USA; Western Australia; Loire and Chablis, France; Colhagua Valley and Casablanca, Chile.

Aged in a barrel.

Full-bodied, rich wine with additional notes of vanilla, caramel, butter and oak.When grown in cold climates, the wine is dominated by citrus aromas, while in warm climates, Chardonnay has more shades of tropical fruits.

Regions of production of this one of the best dry white wines: South and East Australia; Southern California, USA; Mendoza, Argentina; Burgundy, France; Apulia, Italy.

Taste depending on the region:

• France: honey, white flowers, honeysuckle, pear, peach, quince, mirabelle, mango. Aged: hazelnuts, dried fruits, butter, toasted bread.
• Australia: nuts, oriental sweets, gooseberries.
• USA: vanilla, oak tones, spices.
• Spain: pineapple, yellow apple.
• Chile: carambola, quince.

Food.

In terms of gastronomic combinations, Chardonnay is very diverse. Burgundy wine with pronounced shades of minerals and silicon goes well with lean veal. Light Chardonnay aged in metal vats goes well with river fish and seafood. The sweet versions make a worthy gastronomic pair of pies with fruit and berry filling.

As you can see in the photo, dry white Chardonnay wine is a wonderful addition to appetizers (cream cheeses, olives, nuts) and white bread:

Chenin Blanc.

If you try Chenin Blanc from different countries, it may seem that the wines are made from completely different grapes, they are so different. Every year the popularity of this drink is growing, largely thanks to the wineries of the Republic of South Africa - the largest producer of chenin blanc wines.

Other names.

Depending on the region of production, chenin blanc has many other names: Pinet d'Anjou, Pino Blanco, Tete de Crabe, Capbreton, etc.

Distinctive features.

Chenin Blanc is considered the most versatile grape in the world. It produces sparkling and still white wines with varying levels of sweetness. Shades of taste and aroma in them largely depend on the region and production technology. Still, a light, still wine similar to Pinot Gris and Sauvignon Blanc is usually obtained from Chenin Blanc.

Characteristics:

• Sweetness 5/10
• Acidity 10/10
• Fortress 6/10
• Body weight 2/10
• Fruitiness 6/10

Serving temperature - 8-11 ° С.

The average aging period is up to 2 years.

The average cost is $ 5-10.

Glass for white wine.

Production regions:

• South Africa
• France
• Argentina
• USA
• Australia

Taste and aroma associations:

• Sweet fruits: green apple, yellow apple, pear, quince, melon, apricot, passionfruit, pineapple, mango, nectarine, peach, lychee, guava
• Plants: apple blossom, linden, saffron, orange blossom, dandelion, chamomile
• Citrus: Tangerine, Lemon, Lemon Peel, Lime
• Barrel: baked apples, popcorn, toffee, nutmeg, crackers
• Secondary odors: almonds, smoke, butter, cream, yeast
• Other: honey, honeycomb, wet straw, minerals, earth, ginger, burnt sugar, caramel, sake, cheese crust, quince jam, figs

Vouvray.

In France, Vouvray dessert wine is produced from Chenin Blanc berries with noble mold - one of the best sweet white wines with a long aging.

Shades of taste depending on the region:

• South Africa: honey, melon, wet straw.
• France: honey, honeycomb.
• Argentina: green apple, pear.
• USA: melon, musk.
• Australia: melon, honey.

Food.

Due to its high acidity and sweetish aroma, Chenin Blanc wine makes an excellent pair of sweet and sour Asian dishes. It also goes well with Mediterranean cuisine, veal and sushi. And the sweetish refreshing notes of the South African Chenin Blanc soften even over-dried game and meat.

The best white wines are shown in these photos: