The best Crimean grape varieties

Many years of experience in studying the varietal composition of grapes growing in Crimea allows us to give a brief description of grape varieties: zoned, promising, as well as some of the most common non-zoned varieties in production plantations and in household plots. The tables below indicate their main morphological characteristics, as well as data on phenology, elements of yield and sugar content of berries.

Some grape varieties are very sensitive to the conditions of the growing season or crop area. Therefore, their terms of industrial maturity vary significantly.

When characterizing such varieties, two possible periods of industrial maturity are indicated. Due to the fact that medium early, medium and medium late varieties are very close in terms of ripening, they are combined into one group - the average ripening period.

Recommended grape varieties for cultivation in Crimea:

Agadai.
Dagestan table variety of late, sometimes very late ripening. Distributed in Dagestan, Crimea, Stavropol Territory and other areas. Differs in resistance to high salt content in the soil, low sugar accumulation, good keeping quality and transportability. The taste of the berries is low. In addition to fresh consumption, it is used for canning.

Adisi... New Armenian wine variety of late ripening. It has a small distribution in Armenia. According to its characteristics, it is close to the Khindogni variety, but in some years it is more productive and more resistant to frost. Differs in large bunches. To obtain stable yields, it is necessary to remove some of the inflorescences. It is used for the preparation of red table and dessert wines.

Aleatico... Italian wine variety of late ripening. Distributed in many wine-growing regions of the Soviet Union. Weakly resistant to fungal diseases. On the southern coast of Crimea (YBK) it produces high-quality dessert wines with a nutmeg aroma; it is also used for red port. By morphological characteristics, it is somewhat similar to Muscat pink.

Aligote... Medium ripening French wine variety. Widely distributed in our country and abroad. Differs in high fertility, especially at a young age. The variety is prone to overload, which weakens the growth of the shoots, as a result of which the yield decreases. It is used to obtain table wines, champagne and cognac wine materials, grape juice.

Scarlet Tersky... Dagestan wine variety of late ripening. Distributed in the vineyards of the North Caucasus. Relatively resistant to saline soils. Used for making cognacs. In the steppe and foothill regions of Dagestan, it produces red table wines of good quality.

Albiglio Crimean... A Spanish wine variety of medium ripening. Mostly distributed in the Crimea. In Georgia, it is found under the name Tsulukidzis tetri. The true name of the variety has not been established. Differs in increased resistance to unfavorable growing conditions and phylloxera. In some years, there is a strong shedding of flowers. In Crimea, it is used to produce high-quality strong wines such as Madeira and sherry. On a number of grounds, it approaches the Sersial and Verdello varieties.

Asma... Crimean table variety of late and very late ripening. Distributed in the Crimean region. The taste is low, the berries are often low-sugar. Suitable for storage in refrigerators and winter consumption,

Bastardo Magarachsky... High-yielding wine variety of medium ripening period, breeding VNIIViV "Magarach". Obtained from crossing Bastardo and Saperavi varieties. There are plantations in the Crimea and Moldova. Differs in high sugar accumulation at a constant high yield. Relatively resistant to fungal diseases. Gives high quality dessert wines, but can be used to make strong and table wines.

Bayan shirey... Azerbaijani wine variety of late ripening. It is widely cultivated in many vineyards. It has strong growth and very high productivity, but weak winter hardiness. It is used for the preparation of table wines, as well as good quality cognacs and juices.

Verdello... A Spanish wine variety of medium ripening. Got a small distribution in the Crimea, Central Asia and Transcaucasia. Differs in intensive sugar accumulation. Blended with Sersial and other varieties, it is used to produce high-quality, strong Madeira-type wines.

Galan... Bulgarian table and wine variety of late ripening. Widespread in the Krasnodar Territory. In Bulgaria it is known as Dimyat, and in Yugoslavia - Smederev-ka. Differs in a very high yield. To improve the quality of berries, obligatory green operations are required - breaking and rationing of inflorescences. It is used fresh, as well as for the production of table wines and cognacs.

Gars Levelu... Balkan wine variety of medium, sometimes late ripening. Synonym - Lipovina. Most widespread in Hungary. In the USSR, it is cultivated in the Crimean and Transcarpathian regions. Differs in strong growth, increased resistance to phylloxera. Together with Furmint variety, it is used to prepare high-quality Tokay-type dessert wine.

Goruli mtsvane... Georgian wine variety of late ripening. Distributed in Georgia, where it is successfully cultivated at an altitude of 800 m above sea level. Relatively resistant to phylloxera. It is used to obtain high quality table wines and champagne wine materials. For some morphological characteristics, it is similar to the Mtsvane Kakheti variety.

Guzal Kara... A new high-quality table-raisin variety of the middle ripening period of the selection of the Central Asian Experimental Station of VIR. Obtained from crossing Katta-Kurgan and Dodrelyabi varieties. It has a small distribution in Uzbekistan. Differs in high productivity, elegant appearance and good taste of berries. When studied in collections on the South Coast and in the foothill zone of the Bakhchisarai region, according to the sum of indicators, it was identified as a very promising table variety.

Dessert... A new high-quality table variety with an average ripening period of the selection of the All-Russian NIIViV. Obtained from crossing the varieties Pukhlyakovsky and Muscat Hamburgsky. There is a small amount in the south of the Rostov region. Differs in stable yield and high taste (pleasant combination of sugar content and acidity, nutmeg aroma). In terms of morphological characteristics, it is similar to the Muscat Hamburg variety, but differs from it in dense bunches and aligned berries.

Jura uzum... A new table variety of the middle or late ripening period of the selection of the Central Asian Experimental Station of the VIR. Obtained from crossing the varieties Nimrang and Taifi pink. Available in small quantities in Uzbekistan. The variety is distinguished by strong growth, very high fertility, beautiful berries. It is used fresh and partially for winemaking. Stores well in refrigerators. In terms of the sum of features, it is very similar to Nimrang, differs from it in its bisexual flower and higher productivity.

Pearl Saba... Table variety of Hungarian selection, very early ripening. It became widespread in Moldova and Ukraine, and is widely cultivated in other countries.It has a very pleasant taste and nutmeg aroma. By the characteristics of berries and bunches, it is similar to the variety Chasla white.

Irshai Oliver... Table and wine variety of Hungarian selection of very early ripening period. Has a small distribution in Ukraine. Differs in strong nutmeg aroma, resistant to berry rotting. It is used fresh, as well as for making dessert wine. It is similar to the Pearl Saba variety, but the pulp of the Irshai Oliver variety is more juicy, and the skin is thicker, which reduces its value as a table variety.

Italy... Italian table variety of late ripening. Bred by crossing Bikan and Hamburg Muscat. Has a small distribution in Ukraine. A large-berry nutmeg variety with high palatability, but low winter hardiness. Prefers well-warmed slopes and fertile soils. In terms of berries and bunches, it is similar to the Karaburnu variety.

Cabernet Sauvignon... One of the best French wine varieties of medium, sometimes late ripening. Distributed in all vineyards. Relatively resistant to fungal diseases and pests. It is used to obtain high quality red table and strong wines and champagne wine materials.

Karaburnu... Table variety of late ripening, oriental origin. Distributed in Moldova, Ukraine, the North Caucasus and in many foreign countries. The main variety in Bulgaria, where it is called Bolgar. It is sensitive to fungal diseases and frosts, therefore, it is necessary to strictly observe the agroinstructions for caring for the plantings. Stores well in refrigerators.

Kara uzyum ashgabat... One of the main wine-table varieties of Turkmenistan of late ripening. Got spread in the Crimea. It is distinguished by increased drought resistance. It tolerates transportation well. It is used for the preparation of dessert and strong wines, as well as fresh. Can be stored in refrigerators.

Cardinal... An early ripening table variety. Bred in California from crossing the Western Mediterranean varieties Ahmar bu Ahmar and Alphonse Lavalle. Got widespread in Moldova and Ukraine. It is cultivated in many foreign countries. Differs in an elegant bunch. Not resistant to frost and fungal diseases. Most promising in the southernmost regions of viticulture.

Catalon winter... Spanish table variety of very late ripening. Distributed in a mixture with other varieties in the vineyards of the Crimea and Krasnodar Territory. Relatively weakly affected by powdery mildew and grape leafworm. Differs in good transportability and keeping quality of berries. Used fresh.

Kefesia (Ekim kara)... Wine aboriginal variety of Crimea of ​​late ripening period. It got its name from the ancient city of Kafa (now Feodosia). Differs in increased drought resistance. The flower is functionally feminine, but the berries are well tied, forming full-fledged bunches. In Crimea it is used as the main variety for making the Black Doctor dessert wine.

Cleret white... French wine variety of late, sometimes very late ripening. It is widely cultivated in the Krasnodar Territory. Its plantings are littered with sterile and infertile clones, therefore, they require mass selection. Relatively resistant to disease, frost and drought. It is used to obtain table wines, cognac wine materials and grape juice. Sometimes it is put in refrigerators and consumed fresh.

Cock pandas... An aboriginal wine variety of the Crimea of ​​a late and very late ripening period. It is believed that it was brought from Greece in ancient times. It has a functional female flower, but sets berries well and gives a good harvest. The variety is characterized by strong growth and drought resistance. The crop is used in kupa-jahs to obtain the Solnechnaya Dolina dessert wine.

Kokur white... Late ripening indigenous wine variety of Crimea.Here it is widespread, especially on the Sudak state farm. The Don is called Dolgy. Differs in strong growth. Sensitive to mildew and powdery mildew. It is used for the production of vintage dessert, strong, table wines and juices.

Queen of the vineyards... A productive table variety of early ripening. Bred in Hungary from crossing an unknown variety with the Pearl Saba variety. The most common in Moldova and somewhat less in Ukraine and in the Krasnodar Territory. Sensitive to frost and fungal diseases. Berries are prone to cracking and decay. Differs in good taste, due to the presence of nutmeg aroma and a harmonious combination of sugar and acid. On the basis of leaves and berries, it approaches the variety Karaburnu.

Kuldzhinsky... Central Asian wine and table variety of medium ripening. Distributed in the Kazakh and Kirghiz SSR. In Crimea, its distribution is constrained due to unstable yield and berry rotting. Relatively drought tolerant. Berries are prone to decay due to the high density of the bunches. Produces very high quality table wines and champagne wine materials.

Kumshatsky... Donskoy wine variety of medium ripening. In recent years, it has been cultivated in the Rostov region. Has a slightly increased resistance to frost. Produces good quality still white wines and champagne rials.

Limberger... Medium ripening Austrian wine variety. Distributed and zoned in the Odessa region. Vigorous, with increased resistance to frost, fungal diseases and berry decay. Differs in stable high yield. Used to prepare table red wines.

May black... High-yielding medium-ripening wine variety. It is distributed in small quantities in Uzbekistan. In Bulgaria it is known as Zarchin, in Yugoslavia - Prokupats. Sensitive to drought, relatively winter-hardy. Enters fruiting early. Develops powerful shoots, which makes it difficult to shelter bushes for the winter. Used for the preparation of table and dessert wines.

Malvasia red... Table-wine variety of early ripening. Synonyms: Malvasia pink, Veltlin pink early. Comes from the mountainous regions of Italy. Tested at the variety plots of Moldova, where it became widespread. The variety is relatively frost and phylloxera resistant. Berries are sometimes prone to decay. Used to make table wines.

Mattress... Azerbaijani wine variety of medium ripening period. It occupies significant areas in Azerbaijan and Crimea. Differs in increased sugar accumulation, moderate yield and low frost resistance. Relatively resistant to drought and fungal diseases. The variety is littered with infertile and sterile clones, so the plantings require mass selection. It is used for the production of high quality table, dessert and sparkling wines.

Merlot... Medium ripening French wine variety. Zoned and distributed in Moldova. It is used for the preparation of high-quality table and dessert wines, as well as in blends as an improver for simpler red varieties. According to its morphological and biological characteristics, it is close to the Cabernet-Sauvignon variety, but surpasses it in yield and sugar content.

Morastel... A late-ripening Spanish wine variety. It is cultivated on the South Coast in a mixture with Murvedre. Sensitive to drought and mildew. Relatively weakly affected by powdery mildew and grape leafworm. Differs in late budding, therefore it is less damaged by spring frosts. It is used for the preparation of red table, strong and dessert wines.

Mourvedre... A late-ripening Spanish wine variety. According to its characteristics, it is close to Morastel and, in a mixture with it, is cultivated in the vineyards of the South Coast. Susceptible to fungal diseases.Late bud opening protects it from spring frosts. Used for the preparation of table and strong wines such as port.

Alexandrian Muscat... Eastern high-quality table variety of late ripening. It has a small distribution in the Crimea, Uzbekistan and Georgia. Heat-loving. It ripens well on the South Coast. Relatively weakly affected by powdery mildew and grape leafworm, weakly winter-resistant. Stores well in refrigerators.

White Muscat... Eastern high quality wine variety with nutmeg aroma, medium ripening. Widely distributed in all vineyards. On the Don it is known under the name Frankincense. Differs in exceptionally high sugar storage capacity. Not picky about soils, thermophilic, not resistant to frost, drought and fungal diseases. It is used to obtain excellent vintage dessert and semi-dessert wines, wine materials for champagne. The best dessert wines are given on the South Coast. Early harvest produces high quality table wines and juices.

Hamburg muscat... High-quality, medium-ripening table variety. Received in England. Distributed in the southern regions of viticulture. Differs in good, but unstable yield due to shedding of flowers and pea berries. Responsive to additional pollination. Low winter hardiness. Prefers fertile light loamy soils with moderate moisture. It tolerates transportation well. In addition to fresh consumption, it goes for processing into compote, gives good juices and liqueur wines.

Peychian Muscat... Hungarian late-ripening wine variety. Distributed in small quantities in Transcarpathia. Received a positive assessment when tested in the Crimea at the Alushta state variety section. Relatively resistant to gray mold. More winter-hardy than White Muscat. It is used to prepare high quality dessert wine with a nutmeg aroma.

Muscat pink... Medium ripening French high quality wine variety. Kidney variation of White Muscat. Distributed in small quantities in almost all southern regions of viticulture. It is used to obtain original dessert wines with a specific varietal nutmeg aroma.

Black Muscat... Medium ripening French high quality wine variety. It is also known as the Calabian Muscat, sometimes incorrectly called Alicante. Mostly distributed in the Crimea. Possesses good sugar storage capacity. Very sensitive to soil drought, while the bushes become weak. Requires moderately moist fertile soils, on which it gives stable yields. More resistant to fungal diseases (especially powdery mildew) than white and pink Muscat. It is used to obtain original dessert wines of exceptionally high quality.

Mustardi black... Medium ripening French wine variety. Synonym for Obyun. In the Leninsky region of Crimea, under the wrong name, Cabernet Franc occupies about 500 hectares. Differs in late bud opening and high fertility. It is used for ordinary rosé tables and good quality strong wines and cognac wine materials.

Mtsvane Kakheti... Georgian wine variety of late ripening, in recent years has gained significant distribution in the southern regions of viticulture of the USSR. Differs in relatively high resistance to phylloxera, but very sensitive to powdery mildew. Relatively frost-resistant (inferior to the Rkatsiteli variety). It has a high sugar storage capacity while maintaining high acidity. High quality fine table wines are obtained from it. When harvested late, it is suitable for the production of strong wines such as port.

Müller Thurgau... Medium ripening wine variety. Obtained in Germany from crossing the Riesling Rhine and Sylvaner varieties. Most common in Transcarpathia.Differs in good maturation of the vine, resistance to powdery mildew and gray rot. It is used to prepare high quality table wines and grape juice.

Muscadelle... Medium ripening French wine variety. A synonym for Pedro Jimenez is Crimean, sometimes it is incorrectly called Pedro. Mostly distributed in the Crimea and Krasnodar Territory. It is weakly hardy, differs in a late and extended period of budding, and therefore is not very susceptible to the action of spring frosts. Prone to shedding flowers and hummocking berries, sensitive to lack of moisture in the soil. It gives higher yields when grown on clay and clay-crushed stone soils provided with moisture. Delicate berries of this variety are strongly affected by gray rot in rainy years. With late harvests, high-quality dessert wines and wine materials for white ports are prepared from it. Suitable for the production of table wines, sherry and fresh local consumption.

Neuburger... Medium ripening Austrian wine variety. Obtained from crossing the varieties Silvaner and White Pinot. Distributed in Moldova, Ukraine, Uzbekistan. Differs in frost resistance and drought resistance. Weakly damaged by powdery mildew. It is unpretentious to soils, but it gives better yields and better quality wines on light sandy and sandy loam soils. It is used for the preparation of white table wines and cognac wine materials, and is also consumed fresh.

Nimrang... Central Asian high-quality table variety of late ripening. Zoned only in the southern regions of the USSR viticulture. The flower is functional and feminine. The best pollinators are Husayne, Taifi pink, Black Kishmish. To obtain high, stable yields, it requires fertile soil provided with moisture, additional pollination and powerful formations. Heat-loving. Differs in the elegance of the bunch, large beautiful berry with a pleasant taste. Among other table varieties, it stands out for its transportability, keeping quality and strength of berries. Stores well in refrigerators.

October... A high-yielding table variety of a late ripening period, bred by the Central Asian Experimental Station of VIR. Obtained from crossing the varieties Nimrang and Pocket. Distributed in small quantities in Uzbekistan. It is not frost-resistant, has high indicators of transportability.

Pinot gray... Medium ripening French wine variety. Distributed in Moldova, Ukraine, Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories. It is allocated with vigorous sugar accumulation. Weak winter hardiness. Shoots developing from replacement buds, as a rule, do not bear fruit. It is used for the preparation of high quality champagne wine materials, table and strong wines. On the South Coast, an original dessert wine is made from it.

Pinot black fruitful... A variation of the early maturing French wine Pinot Black. Distributed in Kyrgyzstan, in recent years, uterine plantations of this variety have been created in other regions of viticulture, including the Crimea. Relatively winter-hardy, has a high fertility. It is used for the production of high quality champagne wine materials and table wines. It differs from the main variety in a high constant yield and a golden-green autumn color of leaves, the edges of which are raised up (in the Pinot black variety, the autumn color of the leaves is red-brown, the edges of the leaf blade are bent down).

Rainbow... High-yielding table variety of medium ripening period, breeding VNIIViV "Magarach". Obtained from crossing the varieties Nimrang and Black Kishmish. For his resemblance to Nimrang, he is called Nimrang bisexual. It is found in small quantities in the Crimea. Differs in good ripening of shoots (and therefore more winter-hardy than Nimrang), elegant type of bunch and good transportability of berries. Responsive to irrigation, requires powerful formations.

Early VIR... A high-yielding table variety of the middle ripening period of the selection of the Central Asian Experimental Station of the VIR. Obtained from crossing the varieties Chaush and Black Kishmish. It is widespread in Uzbekistan, in small quantities in other regions of viticulture, including in the Crimea (Koktebel wine state farm). The variety gives high yields on irrigated lands with the use of large formings and long pruning. Used fresh.

Early Magaracha... Table variety of a very early ripening period of the selection of VNIIViV "Magarach". Obtained from crossing Madeleine Angevin and Black Kishmish. The variety is cultivated in almost all wine-growing regions of the country, as it works well in various natural conditions. Differs in early blooming of buds, constant high yield, relatively resistant to frost. Requires timely harvest, when overripe, the berries crumble. Used fresh.

Riesling... Synonym for Rhine Riesling. German high quality medium-ripening wine variety. Widespread in all viticulture zones. It is distinguished by increased drought resistance, winter hardiness and late bud break. Unpretentious to soils Requires mass selection, since its plantings are usually littered with vigorous, unproductive or completely sterile clones due to the tendency to shedding flowers and pea berries. When ripe, it retains a stable high acidity, has an original varietal aroma. High quality table wines, wine materials for champagne and juices are widely obtained from it.

Riesling italian... Medium ripening Italian wine variety. Distributed in Moldova, Ukraine and abroad. It is characterized by high fruitfulness of shoots. Relatively frost-resistant. In an arid climate, the acidity of berry juice rapidly decreases. It is used for the production of good quality table wines and grape juices. It has no close resemblance to Riesling.

Riesling nutmeg... Wine variety with an average ripening period of the selection of VNIIViV "Magarach". Obtained from crossing the varieties Riesling and White Muscat. It is found in small quantities in the Crimea and Moldova. Relatively winter-hardy and drought-resistant. It is characterized by good sugar accumulation at high acidity. It is used for the production of table wines of excellent quality with a light Muscat aroma and champagne wine materials.

Rkatsiteli... Georgian high-quality wine variety of late ripening, widespread in many viticultural zones of the Soviet Union. It stands out for its resistance to phylloxera. Sensitive to soil drought. On fertile soils provided with moisture, it gives constant high yields. It is used for the production of high quality table wines, wine materials for strong and dessert wines, for juices and fresh.

Ruby Maharacha... High-yielding wine variety of medium ripening period, breeding VNIIViV "Magarach". Derived from crossing Cabernet Sauvignon and Saperavi varieties. Breeds in the southern regions of Ukraine, Moldova, Krasnodar Territory and other areas. Differs in good resistance to fungal diseases. Irrigation responsive. It is used to produce high quality dessert and table wines.

Saperavi... Georgian high quality wine variety of late ripening. Widely distributed in all southern regions of viticulture. Winter hardiness and phylloxera are average. Relatively resistant to drought and spring frosts. Susceptible to fungal diseases. Possesses good sugar accumulation, high acidity, intense color of berry skins. It is used for the production of high quality red still, strong and dessert wines such as Cahors.

Saperavi north1... An interspecific wine variety with an average ripening period of the selection of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Plant Protection.Obtained from crossing the varieties Severny (Seyanec Malengra X Vitis amurenzis) and Saperavi. There are small numbers in the Krasnodar Territory, Rostov and Crimean regions. Promising for non-sheltering culture in areas of sheltered viticulture. It is characterized by high frost resistance, mildew resistance and productivity. Early bud opening can cause frost damage. Used for the preparation of table and dessert wines.

Sarah Pandas... Crimean wine variety of late ripening. Available in small numbers in the eastern regions of Crimea. The flower is functionally feminine, however, when cross-pollination is ensured, the variety gives constant and high yields. The best pollinator is White Muscat. For high sugar accumulation. requires a lot of heat. It is used to obtain high-quality dessert wine "Solnechnaya Dolina" with a peculiar honey bouquet.

Semillon... Medium ripening French wine variety. Distributed mainly in the southern regions of the USSR viticulture. Unstable to frost, prone to berry rotting, relatively resistant to phylloxera. On fertile heavy soils, it gives high yields. It is used for the preparation of table wines and wine materials for strong and dessert wines.

Senso... French high-yielding table variety of medium and sometimes late ripening. Distributed in Moldova, Ukraine, Krasnodar Territory, the Lower Don and other regions. Low winter hardiness. Due to the late budding, it is less susceptible to the action of spring frosts. Resistant to powdery mildew, but sensitive to mildew. Requires well-warmed fertile soils and a moderately humid climate. Used mainly fresh on site.

Sersial... Portuguese wine variety of medium to late ripening. Mostly distributed in the Crimea. Needs mass selection, since low-yielding clones with crumbling flowers and pea berries are often found in the plantings of the variety. It is thermophilic and requires moist fertile soils. Drought sensitive. It is used for the production of high quality fortified wines such as Madeira and Sherry.

Sylvaner... Medium ripening Austrian wine variety. Distributed in the North Caucasus, Moldova and Ukraine. The best quality wine gives on calcareous soils. Relatively winter hardy. When the crop is overloaded, the growth force of the bushes is significantly reduced. It is used for the preparation of table wines, champagnes and cognac wine materials and juices.

Sauvignon... Medium ripening French wine variety. Distributed in the Krasnodar Territory, Transcarpathia, Moldova, in the south of Ukraine. Relatively resistant to mildew and winter frosts, but sensitive to late spring frosts, powdery mildew and gray rot. On fertile irrigated soils, when using powerful formations and long pruning, it sharply increases the yield. At early harvest, it is used to prepare high-quality champagne wine materials; at late harvest, it is used for excellent dessert and strong wines.

Sauvignon green2... Medium ripening French wine variety. There are plantations in the Crimea and the Kherson region. Possesses increased frost resistance. Berries are prone

to decay It is used for the preparation of high-quality table wines, champagne wine materials and strong wines. It differs from Sauvignon in a higher and more stable yield, lighter and strongly wavy leaves, a larger bunch with a long stem, less intense leaf pubescence, green berries with a less pronounced nightshade flavor.

Forty years of October3... High-yielding wine variety of late ripening selection UkrNIIViV them. Tairova. Derived from crossing the Kopchak and Alicante Bushe varieties. There is a small amount in the Odessa region. The juice of the berries is intensely colored.It is used to prepare high quality red table and dessert wines.

Tavrida... High-yielding wine variety of late ripening selection VNIIViV "Magarach". Obtained from crossing the varieties Mourvèdre and Black Muscat. It is found in small quantities in the Crimea, Moldova, Uzbekistan and other regions of viticulture. Resistant to gray mold. Good sugar storage. It is used for making red strong and dessert wines.

Taifi pink... High-quality, late-ripening Central Asian table variety. Distributed mainly in the republics of Central Asia. It is found in small quantities in other southern regions of viticulture. It is not hardy, has a variable yield. Requires large formations on high supports, long pruning, abundant irrigation and a lot of heat. Differs in exceptionally large beautiful berries with very good transportability and keeping quality. In addition to fresh consumption, it is used for drying.

Tashly... High-yielding Crimean table variety of late ripening. Distributed to the South Coast. The flower is functional and feminine. The variety requires a mixed planting, the best pollinating varieties are White Kokur and Sabbat... Prefers fertile, well-moistened soils. Differs in very good transportability and keeping quality. In addition to fresh consumption, it is sometimes used for processing into strong and dessert wines.

Terbash... Turkmen high-yielding table-wine variety of medium ripening. Over the past decades, it has gained significant distribution in the southern regions of viticulture. Relatively resistant to winter frost and drought. Severely damaged by fungal diseases, especially gray mold. It is used fresh and for the production of various types of wines.

Tokun... High-yielding table-wine variety of medium ripening period, bred by the Armenian Research Institute of Viticulture, Winemaking and Fruit Growing. Obtained from seeds from free pollination of Arakseni white variety. There is a small number in the Armenian SSR. Differs in abundant fruiting of shoots that have developed from replacement buds, elegant appearance of bunches and berries. It is used for fresh consumption, drying for raisins, for winter storage and preparation of high-quality dessert wines.

Traminer pink... High quality Austrian medium-ripening wine variety. Distributed in the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, Ukraine and Moldova. Under unfavorable weather conditions during the flowering period it is subject to strong shedding of flowers. Requires moist, light loamy soils and long pruning. It is used for the preparation of high quality dessert, strong and table wines and champagne wine materials.

Fetyaska white... Hungarian wine variety of early ripening period. The second widespread variety name in Transcarpathia is Leanka. Distributed in Moldova and Ukraine. After ripening, it is able to persist for a long time on the bushes. In hot dry weather, it quickly reduces acidity. It is used to obtain vintage table and semi-sweet wines, champagne wine materials and juices.

Early purple4... An interspecific European-Amur table-wine variety of an early ripening period of the selection of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Virology and Virology. Obtained from crossing the varieties Severny (Seedling MalengraHVitis amurenzis) and Hamburg Muscat. Available in Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories, Rostov and Crimean Regions. Differs in high frost resistance (remains at -30 °) and resistance to fungal diseases. It is used for fresh consumption and the preparation of high-quality dessert and table wines with muscat aroma.

Furmint... Medium-ripening Hungarian wine variety. Distributed in Transcarpathia, Crimea and some other southern regions. It is found as an admixture to the Gars Level variety.It suffers greatly from shedding of flowers, its plantings are often littered with unproductive clones. Sensitive to fungal diseases and berry decay. Relatively drought tolerant. Prefers light soils and well-ventilated slopes. Differs in high sugar storage capacity. It is used together with Gars Level for the preparation of excellent vintage Tokay-type dessert wines.

Chalili white... Iranian table variety of very early ripening period. Distributed in Turkmenistan. It is found in small quantities in all southern regions of viticulture. With a lack of heat, the vine ripens poorly. Productivity is variable and depends on growing conditions. To ensure a high yield, it requires irrigation, shaping with a lot of old wood, a heavy load of bushes, long pruning.

Hindogni... Iranian high-yielding late-ripening wine variety. The most common in Nagorno-Karabakh (Azerbaijan SSR), small areas are found in other southern regions of viticulture. Differs in strong growth of bushes, very good sugar accumulation at a sufficiently high acidity. Sensitive to frost. It is used for the preparation of red still, strong and dessert wines of good quality.

Husayne white... One of the most beautiful middle-ripening table varieties in Central Asia. Widely distributed in Central Asia, Armenia and Dagestan. Very thermophilic, late into fruiting. Requires powerful formations, heavy load on the bush, long pruning of vines, removal of fruitless shoots and irrigation.

Tsimlyansky black... High quality Don wine variety of medium ripening. Distributed mainly in the Don, in the Krasnodar and Stavropol Territories. Low winter hardiness, very sensitive to mildew. Differs in the ability to very high sugar accumulation. Mixed with the Plechistik variety, it is used to prepare red dessert and sparkling wines of exceptionally high quality.

Tsitska5... Georgian wine variety of a very late ripening period. Distributed mainly in western Georgia. Differs in great resistance to phylloxera, but very sensitive to fungal diseases. It is characterized by intense sugar accumulation at a consistently high acidity. It is used to prepare high quality table wines and champagne wine-materials.

Tsolikouri... Georgian wine variety of late ripening. Widespread in western Georgia. It stands out for its high resistance to mildew. It is used to prepare very good white table wines with a characteristic varietal bouquet.

Chaush white... Turkish high-quality fruitful table variety of early ripening. With a lack of heat, it ripens in the middle. Distributed mainly in Ukraine, in the Krasnodar Territory and other southern regions of viticulture. The flower is functional and feminine. Pollinating varieties - Shasla, Senso, Saperavi, Sabash, etc. Relatively drought-resistant. It is damaged by frost, but bears fruit from replacement buds. It is unpretentious to soils. Sensitive to mildew. Poorly withstands transportation. It has exceptionally high taste qualities. Used for fresh consumption in growing areas. Distributed mainly in western Georgia. Differs in high yield, increased resistance to phylloxera, fungal diseases and frosts, vigorous sugar accumulation while maintaining high acidity. Table wines and champagne wine materials are prepared from the variety.

Sabbat... High-yielding Crimean table-wine variety of late and very late ripening. Mostly distributed in the Crimea. Relatively resistant to winter frost. Prefers warm, fertile, well-moisturized soils. Strong berries tolerate long-distance transportation and long-term storage in refrigerators very well.In addition to fresh consumption, it is used to prepare wine materials for port and Madeira.

Chardonnay... Medium ripening French wine variety. Distributed in Moldova, in the south of Ukraine, in the Krasnodar Territory and Georgia. It is prone to shedding flowers and peeling berries, therefore it requires mass selection. In rainy weather, it is strongly affected by gray rot. Differs in vigorous sugar accumulation and stable acidity preservation. It is used for the production of high-quality champagne wine materials, table wines and for blending as a champagne improver.

Shasla white... An ancient Egyptian high quality, early maturing table variety. There are variations: Rose Shasla, Muscat Shasla, etc. Distributed in many areas of viticulture, including in the middle zone of the European part of the USSR. With a relatively low winter hardiness, it gives good yields due to the development of fruitful shoots from replacing and dormant buds. Does not tolerate saline soils. The berries are resistant to gray mold. It is used fresh and for obtaining juices.

Table: The main morphological signs and dates of the onset of the growing season of grape varieties in Crimea

Table: Indicators of productivity of varieties and sugar content of berries.

Placement of zoned grape varieties in the administrative regions of Crimea (for 1976)

 

Crimean grapes are known all over the world. Fertile soils of a special composition and favorable climatic conditions make this region ideal for growing this crop. Let's find out which grape varieties are the best in Crimea. The article will provide an overview of the most popular dining and technical varieties of this culture.

Growing features

Winemaking is highly developed in this region. The long warm season with temperatures above 10 degrees, an abundance of sunlight, rich soil - all this creates the most favorable conditions for growing bushes, both table and technical grapes in Crimea.

As a rule, uncovered grafted vineyards are cultivated in this area, and a vertical trellis is made. The most common formation, which is considered the most successful, is a horizontal cordon on a medium and high trunk. The optimal planting scheme is 3x1.5 m. The planting of new vineyards is necessarily accompanied by the laying of drip irrigation - this is necessary for the Crimean grapes to ripen faster.

The largest number of vineyards by area is located in the foothill zone (Bakhchisarai region), in the steppe (Simferopol), as well as in the area that administratively belongs to cities such as Yalta, Sudak and Alushta. Here are the most favorable conditions for a good harvest.

The best varieties

Among the best and most popular varieties that successfully ripen in the South Coast strip, it is worth highlighting Amber Muscat, Early Magaracha, Nimrang, Shabash. Table varieties such as Moldova, Asma, Cardinal are also very popular.

As for technical varieties, experts advise growing the following varieties in this region: Cabernet Sauvignon, Pinot Gris, Semillon, Pink Muscat, Saperavi.

In the foothill area, the best varieties for cultivation are considered to be Chaush, Hamburg Muscat, Cardinal, Early Magaracha - these are all table varieties. Bastardo, Aligote, Cabernet Sauvignon, Bastardo, Saperavi are recognized as the best technical varieties for this area.

For the steppe region, the best choice would be the table variety Muscat Hamburg, Italy, Agadai. The technical varieties suitable for the area are: Aligote, Sylvaner.

Canteens

Viticulture in Crimea is not limited to the cultivation of exclusively these varieties. If you take care of your grapes properly in the summer, you will be able to get a good harvest from about 30 varieties of bushes.

Among the main ones that can be grown here, it is worth highlighting:

• Sabbat.It is characterized by strong growth and development of bushes. Shoots are long, strong. The internodes are of medium thickness, elongated. Resistant to fungal diseases. The berries are large. The taste is mediocre;
• Chaush. Bushes are powerful, large. Shoots are long, thickened, yellow-brown in color. The fruits are large, round in shape. The skin is thin. The pulp is juicy. Such grapes in Crimea ripen in August;
• Hamburg muscat. Leaves are medium in size. The flowers are bisexual. The bunches and the fruits themselves are large. The skin is easily separated from the pulp. The pulp is juicy, has a nutmeg aroma;
• Nimrang. The bushes are very vigorous. Leaves are medium. The flowers are functionally feminine. The berries are large, juicy. When ripe, they become yellow-amber in color;
• Italy. Also has the name Muscat Italia. During the ripening period, large weighty clusters form on the bushes. Large berries;

• Cardinal. It is characterized by the rounded shape of the berries. Ripens quickly. Feature - high transportability. The fruits can be transported over long distances without damage;
• Agadai. Dagestan grape variety. It is characterized by large fruit size. The berries have an unusual oblong shape. Fruit color is yellow-greenish;
• Early Magaracha. The leaves are bronze in color. One bunch weighs an average of 200-500 g. The berries are dark blue, round in shape. It is characterized by high and stable yield.

Technical

Among the most popular and best technical varieties for cultivation in Crimea, there are:

• Pinot Gris. They differ in the formation of small cone-shaped clusters. The berries are medium-sized and rounded. Due to the high density of adhesion of fruits to each other on one hand, there is a risk of deformation of the fruits;
• Cabernet Sauvignon. Red variety. Suitable for the production of red wine. The berries are round, dark blue. They have a characteristic waxy coating. The pulp has a specific aroma that resembles the smell of nightshade;

• Saperavi. Berries are oval. Fruit size is medium. They have an intense dark blue color due to a waxy coating. Suitable for making red wine. It is characterized by a higher sugar accumulation than Cabernet Sauvignon;
• Bastardo (Magarach). Obtained by crossing two other varieties (Bastardo and Saperavi). As a result, this subspecies received the best qualities from both varieties: a good harvest and excellent taste characteristics. Suitable for making dessert red wines;
• Aligote. French variety. The berries make excellent table wine and champagne;
• Sylvaner. Is of Austrian origin. Mainly grown for the production of white wine and champagne. Also used for making sherry.

Video "How to properly water grapes"

In this video, you will learn how to properly water grapes on your own.

by Andrew - Nov 20th 2014

A century ago, the velvet season on the Black Sea coast had a different name - "for grapes", since the bulk of the harvest fell on this time period, and Crimea has been famous for its vineyards for more than one century.

Grapes, the varieties of which are considered the most common in Crimea, ripen on average not earlier than the last decade of July, closer to August. Both technical, used for the preparation of wines, juices, raisins, and table varieties are grown. The latter found their distribution in almost all natural zones of the Crimean Peninsula, except for mountainous ones.

When choosing a particular variety for a vineyard, one should take into account the yield, good ripening of the shoots, resistance to diseases and frosts. The location is also important - so, if ripening occurs during the rainy season, it is necessary that the berries do not crack. Plots should be chosen warm and protected from the wind, do not forget about the necessary procedures - debris, pinching, chasing, tying up green shoots, shelter.You should also take care of feeding, additional watering and pollination, and pest control.

The following varieties can be found throughout the Crimean Peninsula.

1. Pearl Saba is a medium-sized berry, round, yellowish-green, with a delicate pulp and a pleasant aroma of nutmeg, the clusters are medium, mostly loose.

2. The queen of the vineyards is distinguished by the large size of berries, oval or round, golden-amber in color, the taste is slightly sloping, peculiar, the clusters are large.

3. Italy (Muscat Italy) - very large yellow-amber berries with a pronounced nutmeg aroma, large, loose clusters.

4.Isabella (a hybrid of Vitis Labrusca and Vitis Vinifera) - almost rounded medium-sized berries of black color, medium-sized clusters, pronounced aroma, strawberry.

5. Cardinal - large purple-red rounded berries, collected in a large luxurious cluster. It lends itself well to transportation.

6. Chaush white has an unusually pleasant taste, but these large oval white berries cannot withstand transportation. The earliest variety in the traditional Crimean household, widespread in the region of Alushta and Balaklava.

7. Shasla white - medium-sized round berries, yellowish-green. An ancient Egyptian variety, quite frost-resistant, but susceptible to disease.

8. Taifi pink attracts with large elongated berries of a beautiful pink hue with a pleasant taste and juicy pulp. Recommended for planting in most areas of the peninsula.

9. Sabbat is a local variety with large white oval berries, collected in dense medium bunches, well stored and transported, but unstable to cold weather. A high yield was noted in the area of ​​Sudak.

10. Agadai is a Dagestan variety, the berries are large, oval or oblong, light yellowish-greenish in color, the seeds are large.

11. Moldova is a popular variety on the peninsula, characterized by large oval dark purple berries. It is transported and stored very well.

Of course, this is far from all grapes, the varieties of which are grown in Crimea over a long period of time, since in addition to the industrial procurement of wine materials, the production of the same juice and raisins, this delicious and healthy berry is also common in many private farms. In particular, many tourists come to the South Coast just for home wine. By the way, when choosing where to buy a magic drink of harmony, you must take a responsible approach to the process and focus either on recommendations or on whether the seller owns his own vineyard.

You will also be interested

 

Crimean viticulture has a rich history, counting thousands of years, and, accordingly, rich traditions and experience in the cultivation of grape culture, which could be useful to colleagues in the workshop.

“Crimea is known as a region of historically established horticulture, viticulture and winemaking,” says Natalya Vasilievna Aleinikova, head of the plant protection and physiology department, Doctor of Agricultural Sciences of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “VNNIIViV“ Magarach ”of the Russian Academy of Sciences. - Fruits and grapes grown in Crimea are distinguished by high taste, long shelf life and good transportability. Liqueur wines made from the technical grape varieties White Muscat, Rose Muscat and Black Muscat are considered to be among the best in the world and are the hallmark of Crimea. The abundance of sun, a long warm period with an average daily temperature above 10 ° C for 180 days in the north of Crimea and 210 days in the south, rich soils - all this creates favorable conditions for growing table and industrial grapes.

Grapes in Crimea are mainly cultivated in a grafted, uncovered culture. The guidance system is a vertical trellis, the most common formation is basically a horizontal cordon, one or two-sided on a medium and high trunk, the landing pattern is 3x1.5.Since 2012, about 6 thousand hectares (24%) of vineyards have been irrigated in agricultural enterprises of the Crimea, including 4 thousand hectares (17%) on drip irrigation. The planting of new vineyards is necessarily accompanied by the laying of drip irrigation.

According to climatic conditions, the territory of the Crimean peninsula can be divided into three main viticultural zones: South Coast, Foothill and Steppe. The largest number of areas occupied by vineyards is located in the Bakhchisarai (Foothill zone), Simferopol (Steppe zone) regions and in the territories administratively related to the cities of Sudak, Alushta, Yalta (South Coast zone).

In the South Coast zone of Crimean viticulture, they are cultivated withfat varieties Moldova, Asma, Italy, Sabbat, Red Globe, Chocolate, Amber Muscat, Hamburg Muscat, Early Magaracha, Cardinal, and ttechnical grades: Rkatsiteli, Cabernet Sauvignon, Aligote, Merlot, Chardonnay, Sauvignon green, Pinot Gris, Bastardo Magarachi, Saperavi, Pink Traminer, Crimean Albiglio, Verdello, Semillon, Tokay, Sabbat, White Cocourt, White Muscat, Muscat, pink, Aleico, Ekim kara.

In the Foothill zone of Crimean viticulture, they have proven themselves well table varieties Italy, Moldova, Hamburg Muscat, Codryanka, Cardinal, Amber Muscat, Early Magaracha, and ttechnical grades - Rkatsiteli, Aligote, Pinot fran, Pinot gris, Muscat Ottonel, Riesling Rhine, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay, Green Sauvignon, Bastardo Magarachi, Saperavi, Rose Traminer, Sabash, White Kokur.

In the Steppe zone of the Crimean viticulture are popular table varieties Early Magaracha, Cardinal, Arcadia, Hamburg Muscat, Moldova, Italy, Agadai, Odessa souvenir, Karaburnu; Ttechnical grades Aligote, Rhine Riesling, Green Sauvignon, Merlot, Chardonnay, Rkatsiteli, Cabernet Sauvignon, Saperavi.

In general, the ratio of technical and table varieties grown in Crimea is 83 percent to 17.

- Natalya Vasilievna, please name the most common varieties for Crimea.

- Technical grape varieties: Rkatsiteli, Cabernet Sauvignon, Aligote, White Muscat, Merlot, Chardonnay, Green Sauvignon, Rhine Riesling, Pinot Franc, Pinot Gris, Saperavi, Muscat Ottonel. Table grape varieties: Moldova, Italy, Hamburg Muscat, Cardinal, Amber Muscat, Agadai, Arcadia, Codryanka. In recent years, especially in farms, varieties such as Delight, Laura, Kesha, Super-early Elegant, Galbena Nou, Red Globe have been popular. Varieties of VNNIIViV "Magarach" selection: Bastardo Magarach, Early Magaracha, Libya, Chocolate. Aboriginal or autochthonous grape varieties: White Kokur, Kefesia, Shabash, Asma.

- What sgrape protection systems used in Crimeawhat are they based on?

- Rational protection of grapes from harmful organisms should be based on a decisive renewal of the range of drugs used and their strict alternation. The most important requirement for the chemical method of plant protection, along with sanitary and hygienic safety, is the maximum selectivity, which will provide a strictly directed action on the target objects and will not violate the general mechanisms of biocenotic regulation in agroecosystems and their ecological stability.

All chemical spraying in vineyards is carried out according to the main phenological phases of the development of the grape plant. The table shows the pesticides approved for use on grapes, from which you can choose one to protect against a specific harmful object.

During the period of bud swelling, in order to determine the advisability of carrying out chemical treatments in vineyards to protect against insects that damage the buds of grapes in the spring (skosari, grape motley, gnawing scoops, moths, etc.), one should be guided by their threshold harmfulness.

Spraying in protection against arachnoid and four-legged (grape itch) ticks should be planned only when their number is significant in the plots and when there is a threat of intense damage to the leaf apparatus of plants or young shoots. For spider mites, the threshold of harmfulness is 5-7 individuals per infested leaf. At a threshold number of ticks, spring spraying of grape plantations with selective acaricides is effective: Appolo, Omayt, Demitan, Nissoran, Envidor, Masai, etc.

In protection against grape budworm (photo 1), pheromone monitoring should serve as the basis for spraying; the economic threshold of harmfulness (EPV) for grape budworm on technical varieties is 20 butterflies on average per 1 trap per day of mass summer, in canteens - 10 specimens.

The first prophylactic spraying with fungicides in protection against mildew (photo 2) and oidium (photo 3) must be planned in time "before flowering" of the grapes (see table). In the case of intensive damage to grape plants by powdery mildew in the previous growing season, the first spraying in such areas is necessary during the period of "budding - the formation of 2-3 leaves" with fungicides of systemic action (Topaz, Falcon, etc.), the drug Impact shows good efficiency in early spring treatments. ... Further spraying is carried out, depending on weather conditions, after 14 days.

When creating favorable conditions for the development of gray rot, especially during the ripening of grapes before harvesting (wet autumn), spraying should be carried out with specialized fungicides, for example Teldor, Switch, Horus, etc. grape varieties not resistant to this disease. When spraying in protection against gray mold, the waiting time of the applied fungicide must be taken into account.

Photo 1. Butterfly bunchy leafworm on a bunch of grapes

Photo 2. Visual manifestation of mildew from the upper side of the leaf

Photo 3. The first visual signs of oidium ("saucers") on the leaves

FGBUN "VNNIIViV" Magarach "RAS" provided detailed xcharacteristicsand varieties cultivated in Republic Crimea.

Agadai - Dagestan table grape variety, medium late ripening period. The berries are large and very large, oval, sometimes oblong, light greenish-yellowish in color with a yellowish-pink tint on the sunny side, covered with a middle layer of pruin. Productivity 100-130 kg / ha and more. Relatively salt-tolerant, weakly resistant to mildew, medium - to powdery mildew, good - to gray rot. Average winter hardiness. Drought resistance is good. Possesses high transportability and keeping quality (at home up to 2-3 months).

Aligote - early ripening French wine grape variety. Productivity 90-140 kg / ha. In humid weather, the variety is susceptible to gray rot of berries, is largely affected by mildew, especially inflorescences, less susceptible to powdery mildew. The berries are severely damaged by the grape leafworm. It belongs to the group of relatively winter-hardy grape varieties, but it tolerates frost worse than Rkatsiteli and Riesling.

Asma - indigenous Crimean grape variety of late ripening. The bunch is large, conical or cylindrical-conical with a wing, medium density or dense. The average weight of the bunch is 330 g. The berry is large, oval-ovate, violet-black, covered with a moderate waxy bloom. Productivity - from 70-80 to 150 kg / ha. Relatively resistant to fungal diseases; differs in low frost resistance; kidney death (up to 20%) is observed even at minus 15 ° C.

Arcadia - table variety of grapes selection IViV them. V.E. Tairova (Ukraine) early ripening. The bunches are large and very large, 500-700 g (the best up to 2 kg), cylindrical, with blades, often dense.The berries are large and very large (7-15 g), depending on the load of the bush and agricultural technology, ovoid (heart-shaped), white. The yield is very high. Resistance to mildew is increased - about 3.5 points (requires two sprays), to powdery mildew - it requires normal protection.

Bastardo Magarachsky - technical grape variety of late ripening selection VNNIIViV "Magarach". Average yield 107.1 c / ha (maximum 182.1 c / ha). Relatively resistant to fungal diseases - mildew and powdery mildew, it is affected by gray rot. In the conditions of the steppe Crimea, it is distinguished by sufficient resistance to soil drought. In terms of winter hardiness, it is slightly inferior to the Cabernet Sauvignon variety, and in some areas of the Crimea - Saperavi.

Delight - withA thick grape variety of a very early ripening period of the selection of VNIIViV them. ME AND. Potapenko (Russia). The bunches are conical, sometimes shapeless, large and very large, the average weight of the bunch is 531 g, moderately dense. The grapes are large and very large (6-7 g), slightly oval, white, sun-tanned, pleasant taste, with a high sugar content. Average yield - 120 kg / ha. Increased resistance to diseases (mildew, gray rot) and frost (-25 ° C). Depending on the region of cultivation, 1-2 spraying against mildew should be carried out with the addition of powdery mildew preparations to the solution. Not resistant to phylloxera.

Galben know - table grape variety of a very early or early ripening period of the selection of VNIIViV them. ME AND. Potapenko (Russia). The clusters are large and very large (450-700 g), broadly conical, branched, moderately loose, less often loose. The berries are large and very large (7.5-8 g), round or slightly oval, green-white, amber-white when fully ripe, fleshy-juicy, with a pleasant nutmeg aroma. Resistant to mildew, gray mold. Frost resistance -25 ° С.

Italy - late-ripening table grape bred in Italy (1911) by Alberto Pirovano. The bunch is large, cylindrical-conical, often branched, relatively loose. The average weight of a bunch is 600 g. The berry is very large, oval and ovoid, yellowish-amber, matte, covered with a thick prune. The yield of the variety is high, but inconsistent. It is moderately affected by mildew, gray berry rot and strong - oidium. Low frost resistance.

Cabernet Sauvignon - technical grape variety of French selection of late ripening. Productivity 70-80 kg / ha. Resistant to mildew and gray rot (in comparison with other Eurasian grape varieties), phylloxera, slightly damaged by the bunchy leafworm. Frost and drought resistant.

Cardinal - table grape variety of very early ripening, bred by E. Snyder (California, USA). The bunch is large, cylindrical-conical, loose and very loose. The mass of the bunch is 342-510 g. The berry is very large, round-oval or oval, sometimes with a beveled top and a small groove on it, violet-red, with a smoky waxy bloom. The mass of 100 berries is 600-700 g. The yield is potentially high, but unstable. Not resistant to powdery mildew, mildew, bacterial cancer, highly susceptible to gray rot of berries, damaged by bunchy leafworm. Very unstable to frost and frost.

Kesha - table grape variety of early or early-middle ripening period of the selection of VNIIViV them. ME AND. Potapenko (Russia). Bunches are cylindrical-conical or conical, sometimes shapeless, moderately dense, weighing 600-900 g. Berries are very large (10-12 g), oval, white, with dense pulp, harmonious taste, with high sugar accumulation. The yield is high. Increased resistance to mildew. Frost resistance -23 ° С.

Kefesia (Black Doctor, Ekim Kara) – a technical grape variety of a late ripening period, isolated in the Crimea. The yield is high. It is slightly affected by mildew and somewhat more by powdery mildew; when withering on the bushes, the berries do not rot. Frost resistance of this grape variety and Saperavi is almost the same.

Codryanka - a very early table grape variety of the Vierul selection (Moldova), with increased resistance to diseases. The average weight of a bunch is 400-600 g, some up to 1.5 kg. The berry is large (6-8 g), dark purple. The yield is high. Resistance to mildew - 2.5-3 points, to frost -22 ° С.

Kokur white - a universal variety of grapes of late ripening, the yield reaches 100-170 c / ha. It is affected by mildew, mildew. The resistance to gray decay of berries is somewhat increased. The variety is moderately damaged by the bunchy leafworm. Its winter hardiness is insufficient. In the steppe Crimea, the freezing of eyes on open bushes reaches 50%, in the eastern part of the southern coast of Crimea the bushes winter well.

Libya - a table hybrid form of grapes of a very early maturity of the selection of VNNIIViV "Magarach". Large clusters with large pink berries, with a pronounced nutmeg aroma, which remains in the berry after ripening for up to 30 days. Resistance to mildew, powdery mildew - 3.5-4 points, prophylactic treatment with fungicides is necessary. Frost resistance up to -21 ° С.

Laura - breeding IV&V them. V.E. Tairova (Ukraine) (now Laura is renamed to variety Flora and under this name it is included in the State Register of Varieties of Ukraine) - a table form of grapes of a very early ripening period of 110-115 days. Her bunches are conical, of medium density or loose, of impressive size up to a kilogram or more. The berries are cylindrical or oval, of a beautiful salad-white color with a white prune, in the sun with a tan, 6-9 g. Resistance to mildew is increased - 3 points, to frost - -21-23 ° C, it is not damaged by gray rot, cracking of berries is observed rarely.

Merlot - medium-ripening French technical grape variety. The yield is high and stable. Relatively resistant to mildew, grape rot complex, frost and strong susceptibility to powdery mildew. Medium drought tolerant.

White Muscat - an old grape variety, most likely originating from Syria, Egypt or Arabia of medium ripening. Productivity 63.6-109.2 c / ha. Unstable to mildew, strongly affected by powdery mildew, anthracnose. On heavy clay and moist soils, as well as in years with rainy autumn, the berries are affected by gray rot. The bunches are largely damaged by the bunchy leafworm. Resistance to spider mites and phylloxera is low. The variety is unstable to winter frosts, damaged by late spring frosts.

Hamburg muscat - table (universal) grape variety of medium late ripening, bred in England for greenhouse culture. Potentially high but volatile yields. Not resistant to mildew, powdery mildew, gray berry rot, bacterial cancer, phylloxera. Belongs to the group of low-frost-resistant varieties (damage to the eyes over 50% occurs when the temperature drops to minus 18-19 ° C).

Amber Muscat - table grape variety of early ripening, bred at the Central Asian experimental station VIR, allocated to "Vierul" (Moldova). A cluster of medium size, cylindrical-conical, medium density, less often loose. The average weight of the bunches is 340 g. The berry is of medium size, round, greenish-amber when fully ripe. The yield is high - 82-120 kg / ha. Withstands frosts down to minus 18-20 ° С. It is affected by mildew and oidium. Relatively resistant to berry cracking and decay.

Muscat Ottonel - a universal medium-ripening grape variety, bred in France in 1852 by breeder Robert Moret. Productivity in non-irrigated areas is 60-90 centners / ha. Not resistant to mildew, gray mold, phylloxera. Average frost resistance (damage to the eyes above 50% occurs at a temperature of minus 19 ° C).

Moldova - table grape variety of late ripening selection "Vierul" (Moldova). The bunch is cylindro-conical or conical, medium density, average weight 385 g. The berry is large, oval, dark purple, with a thick waxy bloom.It is resistant to fungal diseases (mildew, oidium, gray rot) and phylloxera, which allows it to grow productively with its own roots in the area of ​​continuous pest infestation. Unstable to Phomopsis. Average winter hardiness.

Pinot fran (Pinot noir, Pinot black) - a technical grape variety of medium ripening. France (Burgundy) is considered the homeland of the variety. Low yield - 50-60 c / ha (maximum - 103.3 c / ha). To a moderate extent it is affected by mildew and powdery mildew, weak - by gray rot, grape leafworm. Own-rooted bushes in the phylloxera distribution zone die from root damage in the sixth to eighth year after planting. The winter hardiness of the variety is relatively high.

Pinot Gris (Pinot Gris, Pinot gray) is a medium-ripening technical grape variety. Pinot translated from French means "bump" - it is a clonal variation of the Pinot noir variety. The yield is average. It is largely affected by mildew, unstable to powdery mildew. In rainy years, it is susceptible to damage to berries by gray rot; weaker than other varieties, it is damaged by the bunchy leafworm. The frost resistance of the variety is relatively high.

Early Maharacha - table grape variety of early ripening selection VNNIIViV "Magarach". A variety with a potentially high and sustainable yield. Due to the very early ripening period, the berries are not affected by gray rot. Unstable to mildew. Damaged by phylloxera. Weak winter hardiness.

Red Globe (Red globe translated as "red globe") - a table grape variety of late or mid-late ripening, bred by prof. Olmo (California, USA) is a complex hybrid of vitis vinifera, in the pedigree of which the varieties are: Emperor, Hunisa, Nocera, etc. Yielding variety. The bunches are very large, with an average weight of 1 kg, conical, of medium density. The berries are very large, round, weighing 10-15 g, red (from pink to almost brown, depending on the degree of ripeness and growing conditions). The sensitivity of the variety to black spot is noted.

Rhine Riesling (Riesling) Is a medium-ripening technical grape variety found on the banks of the Rhine River. The yield is low. Not resistant to powdery mildew, bacterial cancer, highly susceptible to gray rot of berries, especially in wet weather, mildew is affected to a lesser extent than other varieties. Phyloxera resistance of this variety is low, it is damaged by the grape leafworm. It tolerates winters better than other covering grape varieties and, due to the later opening of the eyes, is less damaged by early spring frosts.

Rkatsiteli - Georgian grape variety of late ripening. The yield is high, but inconsistent. Medium resistant to mildew, slightly affected by gray rot of berries, low resistance to powdery mildew. It is harder than other varieties to be damaged by a spider mite and a grape leafworm; possesses relative resistance to phylloxera. The variety is relatively frost-resistant, but slightly drought-resistant.

Saperavi - an ancient Georgian grape variety of late ripening. Productivity is high and stable 90-110 kg / ha. Resistance to mildew and powdery mildew is weak; in rainy weather, the berries are affected by gray rot. Less than other grape varieties, it is damaged by the bunchy leafworm. The variety belongs to the group of relatively cold-resistant, significant damage to wintering eyes was noted when the temperature dropped to minus 20 ° C, although its winter hardiness is lower than that of Rkatsiteli. Drought resistance is relatively high.

Sauvignon green - medium-ripening French technical grape variety. Productivity 95 c / ha, maximum 148.1 c / ha. Relatively resistant to mildew, susceptible to powdery mildew. In rainy seasons and when the harvest is delayed, the berries are severely affected by gray rot. Boles and perennial sleeves are affected by bacterial cancer. Increased frost resistance. It tolerates well the close occurrence of groundwater.

Sabbat - the local Crimean table grape variety, which completes the harvesting of all Crimean grape varieties (Sabbat in translation from Turkic means the end), belongs to the group of oriental table-wine varieties of late ripening. Ripening of berries occurs in the middle or at the end of the second decade of October. In some years, in the steppe regions of Crimea, the harvest does not have time to fully ripen. Bushes are vigorous. Annual shoots ripen well. Differs in good and high yield, depending on climatic conditions and agricultural technology. Susceptible to powdery mildew, bacterial cancer; less affected by mildew and gray rot; damaged by leafworm and phylloxera. Resistance to winter frosts and late spring frosts is low (at minus 19-20 ° C, up to 50% of the eyes are damaged).

Chardonnay (Chardonnay) – technical grape variety of medium ripening. There is no exact information about the origin of the variety. Since ancient times, Chardonnay has been common in France, Burgundy and Champagne. The yield is low. Not resistant to mildew and powdery mildew. In rainy weather, the berries are affected by gray rot. Belongs to a group of relatively frost and drought resistant varieties.

Chocolate - table hybrid form of grapes of middle or medium-late ripening period of selection VNNIIViV "Magarach". The clusters are large and very large (700-1200 g), cylindrical-conical, often with a wing, of medium density. The berries are very large, oval or slightly elongated, with an average weight of 9.1 g, dark red, harmonious taste. Weakly resistant to mildew and powdery mildew, resistant to gray mold. Frost resistance about -22 -23 ° C.

The very early elegant - a hybrid form of grapes of a very early ripening period of the selection of VNIIViV them. ME AND. Potapenko (Russia). The bunches are large (300-600 g), cylindrical, moderately dense. The berries are large (5-6 g), green-white, oval, less often nipple-shaped, with a pleasant harmonious taste with a light nutmeg. Resistant to mildew (3 points), gray rot. Frost resistance -25 ° C.

Prepared by Inna Bokancha

Vineyard protection system